Description: War Thunder is a next generation military MMO game dedicated to...
Municipal stage of the Russian competition of research works and
creative projects for preschoolers and younger students
"I am an explorer"
Direction: Natural science
Job title
Why does water turn green
Author of the work
Golovchuk Timofei Evgenievich, 2nd grade
Teacher leader:
Brusyanina Irina Nikolaevna
MBOU "Average comprehensive school Number 3"
Biysk
Introduction
In the summer, relaxing in the village with my grandparents, I liked to help
water the plants in the garden. To store irrigation water was adapted
a large metal tank that was filled with a hose. About the tank
a tall pear tree grows and the shadow from it falls on part of the tank. At the beginning
summer, the water in the tank and its walls were clean, and then, although the water was replenished,
the inside of the tank, which was exposed to sunlight, began to turn green, and
later, the entire tank was covered from the inside with a thick layer of greenery. And on
a green slippery coating formed on the surface of the water itself.
Summer passed, returning home, I somehow looked through the encyclopedia about
plants and found an article about the versions of the origin of life on our
planet, as well as the role of water in this process. The article provided examples
the oldest plants - algae and why the water turns green. I became more
review information on these topics in detail and made a decision
do your own research: why does the water turn green?
The purpose of the study: to find out the conditions and causes of changes in the quality
water from different sources.
Research objectives:
1. Study what are the sources of water.
2. To study what types of microscopic algae are.
3. Determine favorable conditions for the reproduction of algae.
4. Determine the relationship between water source and quantity and species
microorganisms contained in it.
Object of study: water samples taken from various sources, in
the same time and placed in different storage conditions.
3
Subject of research: change in the color of water and its qualities (turbidity,
sediment) as a result of observation over time.
In the course of the work, the following research methods were used:
theoretical analysis;
experimental research;
observation method;
comparison method.
Research Hypothesis: Suppose that
water samples from outdoor pools will begin to turn green faster than
water samples placed in storage conditions without sunlight and
air will begin to turn green later than the samples under sunlight and with
air access;
in water samples from different sources, microalgae are formed
Theoretical part
Almost 70% of our planet is covered with water. If a
converted to cubic kilometers, then the figure turns out to be quite
impressive - 1500 million cubic kilometers. And it seems to be
a huge figure, but do not forget that this one and a half million includes
absolutely all water - sea, ocean, lake, river. Of these 70%
only 3% is accounted for fresh water. About 190 million cubic meters
kilometers water resources are under the earth's crust(underground reservoirs).
Depending on the depth of these sources, they are divided into underground and
surface waters. At the same time, taking into account the number of people living on earth, and,
therefore, people in need of drinking water - this indicator
4
scanty. Today, the lack of clean fresh water is the main problem
humanity. Scientists around the world are developing programs and technologies that
which are aimed at desalination of sea and ocean water.
Water pools that are located underground at a depth of
tens to hundreds of meters - these are kind of vessels where water is surrounded
solid rock and is under highest pressure. Water,
accumulating at shallow depths, is an excellent basis for
wells, water pipes. This water is suitable for domestic needs, but
requires special purification in case of its use in food. Water,
located at a depth of several meters from the ground, has one significant
disadvantage - it is constantly in contact with the upper loose layer of soil and
may be contaminated with pesticides, heavy metals, radionuclides and
other substances and compounds. Therefore, water bodies at greater depths
cleaner and safer to use.
Glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica are a huge source of
fresh water throughout the world. Approximately 20 to 30 million
cubic kilometers of fresh and, most importantly, clean drinking water.
A lot of fresh water also falls in the form of a wide variety of precipitation (snow,
rain, dew), and this is about 14 thousand cubic kilometers. Today
many special technologies have been developed for the desalination of oceanic
water. The main way to extract fresh water is the principle
distillation. But in addition to this method, other physical
chemical methods, cheaper and more accessible.
The main sources of fresh water on earth are rivers and lakes. it
unique in their essence "gifts" of nature. Humanity has been
uses fresh water to meet their needs. the largest
lake in the world is Lake Baikal, located on the territory of the Russian
Federation. This reservoir is considered not only the largest in the world, but also
5
the cleanest with the richest flora and fauna. Volumes of water in Baikal
are about 20 thousand cubic kilometers.
About six thousand cubic kilometers of water is found in all
animals and plant organisms on the planet, including in the people themselves.
Therefore, we can safely say that Natural resources waters distributed
literally all over the planet.
But the water itself, at first glance transparent and absolutely clean, conceals in
yourself huge world living microorganisms. Water is a unique substance
capable of not only supporting the life of all organisms, but also giving rise to this
life.
About 3 billion years ago, blue algae appeared on earth and
became the first vegetation on it. It is the oldest living organism
known for chlorophyll, the coloring matter that gives green
leaf color, as well as photosynthesis, through which nutrients
can be produced using light, one of the most outstanding
phenomena in the creation of the world. The emergence of blue algae was closely related
with an increase in oxygen in the atmosphere. It formed the ozone layer, which
in turn protected from harmful ultraviolet rays, due to which
the water surface of the planet was settled.
Highly for a long time algae were the only representatives
vegetation on earth. Appeared only about 500 million years ago
higher plants. During this seemingly infinite period,
algae have reached ecological perfection, and this in turn has played
an outstanding role in the progressive development of flora and fauna on the planet.
Approximately 20 thousand species of green algae are known,
distributed mainly in fresh water and moist
land areas. Among the pigments present in their cells,
6
chlorophyll, which gives them their green color. In green algae cells
starch is stored.
Representatives of green algae are species such as,
chlamydomonas, chlorella, volvox, ulotrix, nitella.
Chlamydomonas - freshwater microscopic
unicellular algae elongated pear-shaped.
At its anterior end there are two flagella of the same
the length by which it moves in the water column. besides big
vacuoles with cell sap, the chlamydomonas cell has two small
contractile vacuoles. With their help, excess water is removed from the cell,
coming from environment. Thus, these vacuoles regulate
pressure inside the cell: if excess water was not expelled to the outside, the cell
would burst.
Near the base of the flagellum in the form of a red spot is
called the peephole that perceives light. Moving, chlamydomonas with
using the eye finds conditions favorable for photosynthesis. At
lack of light, chlamydomonas can absorb through the membrane
ready-made organic substances dissolved in water.
Chlamydomonas reproduces, as a rule, asexually. Wherein
it loses flagella, and its nucleus and cytoplasm are divided into 4 (sometimes 8) small
biflagellated cells - spores. Spore (from the Greek dispute - sowing, seed)
Plants are called special cells that serve for asexual reproduction and
distribution. Chlamydomonas spores leave the maternal membrane
cells enter the water, where they quickly grow to a certain size. Already
a day later, young chlamydomonas cells can multiply again
asexual way. Such reproduction can be repeated many times.
When unfavorable conditions occur (decrease in water temperature,
drying up of a reservoir, etc.) the mother cell passes to the sexual
7
reproduction. It forms sex cells that go into the water and in pairs
merge. This is how a zygote is formed (from the Greek zygotos - connected together).
The zygote is covered with a thick membrane and in this state tolerates
freezing and drying. When conditions are favorable, the contents
the zygote divides. Four motile spores are formed that enter the water
and grow.
Chlorella, unlike chlamydomonas, is common in both fresh and
saline water bodies, as well as on moist land areas. She doesn't
has eyes and flagella. This algae reproduces
exclusively asexual way - with the help of motionless
dispute.
Volvox lives in fresh water, has the appearance of small (up to 2 mm in
diameter) of movable green balls. Volvox - colonial algae,
which consists of a significant (up to 20 thousand) number of cells, in general
similar to chlamydomonas cells. These cells are interconnected
cytoplasmic bridges. Inside the Volvox colony is full
gelatinous substance. Volvox is able to reproduce asexually and sexually.
ways.
Ulothrix is a freshwater multicellular algae. Unlike
volvox, ulotrix cells are arranged in one row and form a long
thread (up to 10 cm long). Ulothrix reproduces vegetatively (by scraps of thread),
asexual (using motile spores) and sexually.
experimental part
To solve the tasks and disclose the research topic,
water samples were needed. Five water samples were taken from
different sources:
1. Filtered water - water from a home flow filter,
drinkable.
8
2. Tap water - domestic cold water from a tap.
3.Rain water - water collected from the drain immediately
after
rain.
4. River water - water collected near the banks of the Biya River in a flowing place
(not stagnant).
5. Water from a stagnant reservoir - water collected from
career.
The beginning of the experiment was the date of water sampling - September 27, 2015.
All five water samples were poured into clean containers with tight
closed lid and placed under the following storage conditions (with
constant room temperature 2223 degrees C):
1. Under direct sunlight and without air access.
2. Under direct sunlight and with air access (in caps
holes were made).
3. In a dark place and without air access.
Then began the daily inspection of water samples and
fixing the results in the diary of observations.
Legend:
F - filtered water.
B - tap water.
D - rainwater
9
R - river (flowing) water.
SW - water from a stagnant reservoir.
PR - clear water
LOD - light sediment at the bottom.
OS - sediment at the bottom.
NOV - initial formation of algae.
LMD - slight turbidity of the bottom.
ZOS - green sediment
Start green The water is starting to turn green.
ZD, green bottom - green bottom.
Green dots – green dots have formed on the bottom.
Diary of daily observations
1. Under direct sunlight and without air access
the date
27.09.2015
28.09.2015
29.09.2015
30.09.2015
01.10.2015
02.10.2015
03.10.2015
04.10.2015
05.10.2015
06.10.2015
07.10.2015
08.10.2015
09.10.2015
10.10.2015
11.10.2015
12.10.2015
13.10.2015
14.10.2015
15.10.2015
16.10.2015
17.10.2015
18.10.2015
19.10.2015
20.10.2015
F
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
AT
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
D
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
R
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
SW
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
Start green
Start green
10
21.10.2015
22.10.2015
23.10.2015
24.10.2015
25.10.2015
26.10.2015
27.10.2015
28.10.2015
29.10.2015
30.10.2015
31.10.2015
01.11.2015
02.11.2015
03.11.2015
04.11.2015
05.11.2015
06.11.2015
07.11.2015
08.11.2015
09.11.2015
10.11.2015
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
os
Start green
Start green
Start green
Start green
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
Green dots and green bottom
2. Under direct sunlight and with access to air
the date
27.09.2015
28.09.2015
29.09.2015
30.09.2015
01.10.2015
02.10.2015
03.10.2015
04.10.2015
05.10.2015
06.10.2015
07.10.2015
08.10.2015
09.10.2015
10.10.2015
11.10.2015
12.10.2015
13.10.2015
14.10.2015
15.10.2015
16.10.2015
17.10.2015
18.10.2015
F
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
AT
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
D
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
OS
R
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
SW
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
LMD
LMD
LMD
OS
OS
OS
Start green
Start green
Start green
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
11
19.10.2015
20.10.2015
21.10.2015
22.10.2015
23.10.2015
24.10.2015
25.10.2015
26.10.2015
27.10.2015
28.10.2015
29.10.2015
30.10.2015
31.10.2015
01.11.2015
02.11.2015
03.11.2015
04.11.2015
05.11.2015
06.11.2015
07.11.2015
08.11.2015
09.11.2015
10.11.2015
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
AIA
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
Green bottom
50% HT
50% HT
50% HT
50% HT
50% HT
75% HT
75% HT
75% HT
75% HT
75% HT
75% HT
75% HT
75% HT
75% HT
75% HT
75% HT
75% HT
3. In a dark place and without air access
the date
27.09.2015
28.09.2015
29.09.2015
30.09.2015
01.10.2015
02.10.2015
03.10.2015
04.10.2015
05.10.2015
06.10.2015
07.10.2015
08.10.2015
09.10.2015
10.10.2015
11.10.2015
12.10.2015
13.10.2015
14.10.2015
15.10.2015
16.10.2015
F
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
AT
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
D
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
R
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
12
SW
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
17.10.2015
18.10.2015
19.10.2015
20.10.2015
21.10.2015
22.10.2015
23.10.2015
24.10.2015
25.10.2015
26.10.2015
27.10.2015
28.10.2015
29.10.2015
30.10.2015
31.10.2015
01.11.2015
02.11.2015
03.11.2015
04.11.2015
05.11.2015
06.11.2015
07.11.2015
08.11.2015
09.11.2015
10.11.2015
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
etc
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
LOD
As a result of daily observation of the samples, I discovered
amazing process of development of the whole world of microorganisms from the usual
transparent at first glance water, simply located in a small container and
with which nothing special was done.
Below is a table in which the main changes are written,
that occurred with water, in the process of observation.
filtered water
1 group
3 group
2 group
tap water
1 group
During the entire observation period, the water sample in each of the groups did not change in any way. Water
remained transparent, as it was at the beginning of the study, without precipitation, turbidity and discoloration.
3 group
2 group
1 group
2 group
3 group
13
Rainwater
After 8 days
After 17 days
After 38 days
1 group
After 9 days
After 16 days
1 group
After 8 days
After 10 days
Light sediment at the bottom
After 8 days
Sediment
After 23 days
green sediment at the bottom
After 35 days
river water
2 group
Light sediment at the bottom
After 9 days
Sediment
After 15 days
green sediment at the bottom
After 37 days
Water from standing water
2 group
Light sediment at the bottom
After 10 days
3 group
After 9 days
3 group
After 11 days
Slight turbidity of the bottom
After 8 days
Sediment
green sediment at the bottom
After 13 days
green bottom
After 29 days
After 16 days
Green bottom covered by 50%
After 27 days
Green bottom covered by 75%
After 31 days
Green dots and green bottom
After 35 days
So, having formed all the results in a common table, you can see
sequential change of some water samples and draw conclusions.
Samples of filtered and tap water throughout
period of the experiment did not change in any way. outward signs none of
14
groups of storage conditions. We conclude that
that water is supplied to our homes already
purified from impurities and with the addition
substances that destroy microorganisms
and filtered water is the same
plumbing, which passes another
extra cleansing. Thus, these water samples could not
turn green due to the absence of microorganisms and algae particles in them
in whichever group of storage conditions they would not be placed.
Conclusions for this example:
Purified water cannot
form new life, it can only contribute to its development.
In samples of river (running) water and
rainwater in all three groups of conditions
storage through an approximately equal amount
time there was a slight sediment -
explained by the fact that the water settled and
which
tiny particles
present in every open water body,
mud,
settled to the bottom. But then only in samples,
who stood under the sunlight rainfall
thickened, and began to turn green only in the sample,
the water in which was with air access.
Conclusions for this example:
development of life requires not only solar
light, but also air.
A sample of water from a stagnant reservoir turned out to be the most interesting for
observation, since its changes were very rapid compared
with other samples. In water without sunlight and without access to air (3
15
group) a precipitate formed and no further changes
happened. And in water samples with access to light, a precipitate formed almost
that is the beginning of education
at the same time, but the beginning of greening
microscopic algae in a sample exposed to air occurred in two
weeks earlier. Further, at the moment when the bottom of the container with a sample of water with
access to air almost completely covered with a green coating, a sample of water
without access to air, it also changed, but at a much lower speed and by
at the end of the experiment, tiny
green dots.
Conclusions on this example: for the development of life it was enough only
sunlight, but with the access of air, this process began much earlier and
proceeded more rapidly.
Comparing samples of rain and river
water and a sample from a stagnant reservoir,
it can be said that the precipitate formed
almost simultaneously. But green
sediment in rain and river water in
air samples
formed three weeks later than
water from a stagnant pond.
Conclusion from this comparison: the content of microorganisms in river and
rainwater is less than in water from a stagnant reservoir.
Conclusion
16
When I started my experiment, I assumed
the following hypotheses:
1. Water samples from outdoor pools will start to turn green faster than
faucet samples;
2. Water samples placed in storage conditions without sunlight and
air will begin to turn green later than samples under sunlight and with access
air.
3. Microalgae form in water samples from different sources
different types (color, shape, location).
The first hypothesis was partially confirmed - since tap water
not only didn’t start to turn green later, but didn’t change at all. For samples
filtered and tap water were not affected in any way by any of the conditions
which means:
storage,
microorganisms that there is nothing to multiply and grow in water.
these samples are so clear of
The second hypothesis was fully confirmed - in all samples with access
air (except tap and filtered water) life was formed. But
in addition, in some samples, the process of growth of microalgae and
without air access, which allows us to conclude: in these water samples
contained a high number of microorganisms and there was enough air
which was closed under the lid of the container. But also, in samples and without
access to sunlight, and without access to air, there were no
changes, which allows us to conclude that even if the water contains
a huge number of microorganisms, without sunlight their growth, development and
reproduction will be impossible.
The third hypothesis was also confirmed, since in one water sample
microorganisms were observed in the form of dots, some in the form of thin threads,
others grew in a continuous bloom. We conclude: the world of microscopic
17
algae is so diverse that even in a small volume of water they
may be a large number.
The purpose of my research was: to find out the conditions and causes of change
water quality from different sources. Based on the data obtained in
As a result of the experiment, I conclude that water is a unique and
an amazing substance that can support the life of all organisms,
but subject to certain external conditions.
Bibliography
1. Gabdullin R.R. prehistoric life. Encyclopedia OLMA. – M.:
OLMA Media Group, 2014. - 303 p.: ill.
2. Big Encyclopedia elementary school. Plants and animals: questions and
answers. - M.: OLMA Media Group, 2013. - 208 p.: ill.
3. Moskvin A.G., Losev K.S., Pavlidis Yu.A. etc. Big Encyclopedia
nature. Water and air. Volume 10 Publisher: M.: LLC "eKnigi.org"
4. Internet resources:
http://www.krugosvet.ru
http://encyclopedia.dljatebja.ru
http://www.watermap.ru
18
Municipal educational institution
"Chemahinskaya secondary school"
Why is the water in small ponds green?
MOU "Chemahinskaya secondary school".
Head: Shitova I. V.,
Primary school teacher
Introduction.
Introduction to the microscope.
Practical work"Studying the state of hay infusion"
2. The structure of euglena - green.
Conclusions.
Introduction.
Everyone knows that water is a colorless liquid. Why then in some reservoirs it becomes green? Maybe there are some living creatures or microscopic plants that we cannot see, and which color the water green? We decided to test our hypothesis. To do this, we need a microscope and water from a flowering pond. But in winter, all the reservoirs froze, and we prepared hay infusion.
Tasks:
Learn about the structure of a microscope.
Prepare hay infusion.
Determine if it contains microorganisms, as microorganisms are called.
Find out if they are plants or animals.
Hypothesis. Perhaps there are living beings in the hay infusion, which is why the water appears green.
Research methods:
1. Working with directories.
2. Experiment.
3. Observation.
4. Laboratory research.
Location of research work :
D. Chemashi, Oktyabrsky district, KhMAO - Yugra, Tyumen region.
Terms of the research work :
Duration: 2 months.
Introduction to the microscope.
We placed the test water with a pipette on a glass slide, covered it with a coverslip and put it on the glass table, clamped the glass with clamps. Focused and looked into the lens.
Practical work "Studying the state of hay infusion"
1. First, we examined boiled water through a microscope. The glass slide was clean.
Conclusion. There are no living beings in boiled water.
2. November 21 laid the experiment. We prepared a hay solution - cut the hay into pieces, and then put it in liter jars and filled with boiled water. One jar was placed in bright light - on the window, the second in diffused light - on the floor under the window, the third - in the dark - in the closet. Every 2 days we took three drops from each jar and examined them under a microscope.
The results were entered into a table.
| the date | Location | Color | Smell | Result |
| 24. 11 | In the bright light | Light yellow | Smells like tea | |
| ^ In scattered light | Light yellow | Smells like tea | There is no change in a drop of water |
|
| ^ In the dark | Light yellow | Smells like tea | There is no change in a drop of water |
|
| 26. 11 | In the bright light | Straw | Unpleasant | Appeared 8 dots ranging in size from 1 to 3 mm |
| ^ In scattered light | Straw | Unpleasant | Appeared 7 dots ranging in size from 1 to 3 mm |
|
| ^ In the dark | Straw | Unpleasant | There were 6 dots ranging in size from 1 to 6 mm. One organism is about 5 mm in size, drop-shaped, moves quickly. |
|
| 28. 11 | In the bright light | Straw | Unpleasant | There were 8 dots ranging in size from 1 to 3 mm. 2 organisms about 5 mm in size, drop-shaped, moving fast. |
| ^ In scattered light | Straw | Unpleasant | 5 round organisms 3-4mm in size and 4 small ones 1-3mm in size |
|
| ^ In the dark | Straw, mold appeared | Unpleasant | 3 organisms merged into one |
|
| 1. 12 | In the bright light | | Unpleasant | 8 organisms up to 5mm in size |
| ^ In scattered light | Mold has appeared | Unpleasant | 6 organisms up to 5mm in size |
|
| ^ In the dark | Straw, there is mold | Unpleasant | 6 organisms up to 5mm in size, 7 small dots. |
|
| 10. 12 | In the bright light | Dark-straw, cloudy, there is mold | Unpleasant | - |
| ^ In scattered light | Dark-straw, cloudy, there is mold | Unpleasant | - |
|
| ^ In the dark | Dark-straw, cloudy, there is mold | Unpleasant | Appeared 2 iridescent balls ranging in size from 6 to 8mm |
On the 5th day, in the microscope, we saw small living beings that moved quickly. They were oval in shape, narrowed at one end. It was impossible to tell what color they were. The narrow end was light, and the wide end was dark. To find out what they are called, we took in school library zoology textbook for grade 6.
According to the textbook, we determined that these creatures are called green euglena. Euglena green is the simplest creature. It lives in heavily polluted small fresh water bodies. There are so many of them that the water turns green. This phenomenon is called water bloom.
In a bank that stood in bright light, Better conditions for breeding euglena green, so there were more of them. On the 20th day, in jars standing in bright and diffused light, euglena was not visible, and in a jar that stood in the dark, very beautiful iridescent balls appeared. We haven't been able to find out exactly what it is.
We did not see any plants in the hay solution, so we can conclude that the water turns green due to the large number of living organisms.
2. The structure of euglena green.
This protozoan has a spindle-shaped body. Euglena is covered with a thin and elastic shell that allows it to contract, stretch and bend.
Euglena has one long flagellum at the anterior end of the body. It rotates rapidly and pulls the euglena forward. During movement, the body of the euglena slowly rotates around its axis in the direction opposite to the rotation of the flagellum. At the front end of the body is a cellular mouth and a bright red eye. With the help of the eye, Euglena distinguishes changes in illumination. The contractile vacuole lies in front of the body. Harmful substances, decay products and excess water are collected in the contractile vacuole, which are then pushed out. The nucleus is located in the posterior third of the body. The cytoplasm contains green chloroplasts that carry the green pigment chlorophyll. Euglena breathes oxygen dissolved in water.
It turns out that Euglena green building, like in an animal - a flagellum, a contractile vacuole, a photosensitive eye, a cellular mouth. Euglena can eat unicellular algae, small animals. But it also has chloroplasts, like a plant. Euglena green can form chlorophyll. Therefore, the water in stagnant ponds appears green.
Conclusions.
Euglena is green - the simplest, which combines the signs of an animal and a plant.
If there is a lot of euglena in the water, then it becomes green - it blooms.
Literature.
1. Konstantinov, V. M. Biology: Animals: A textbook for students of the 7th grade of educational institutions, 2nd ed., Revised. / V. M. Konstantinov, V. G. Babenko, V. S. Kuchmenko. - M .: Venta - Graf, 2007. - 304 p.: ill.
2. Rogers, K. All about microscopes / K. Rogers. – M.: Rosmen, 2000. - 96s.: ill.
Any of us have encountered such a problem as water blooming, in which the liquid takes on a greenish tint. This can be observed in open reservoirs, aquariums, pools and even in bottles of drinking water. Many are alarmed by this phenomenon, because not everyone will agree to swim in green water, not to mention the use for drinking and cooking. But few people know why the water turns green and whether it poses a danger to humans.
To understand the reason for the blooming of water, remember a school biology lesson in which a drop of lake water was examined under a microscope. You must have seen a lot of bluish-green cells, some of which formed long chains. These are cyanobacteria, which are also called blue-green algae. They give the water its characteristic color.
Cyanobacteria, like plants, are capable of photosynthesis and the production of a green pigment - chlorophyll.
The more light enters the water, the faster the bacteria multiply and synthesize the pigment, coloring the pond with it.
That's why main reason stagnant water blooms are bacteria, not algae, as is commonly believed. Although the latter can also "contribute" to this process, especially if their number is quite large.
Flowering of reservoirs
Open waters begin to bloom in warm time year, when the water warms up to at least 18 ° C. Bacterial spores and microscopic algae "wake up" and actively multiply, forming a green film on the surface of the water. For humans, such a phenomenon is not dangerous, which cannot be said about aquatic inhabitants. Water blooms in reservoirs lead to a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the water, which is the cause of the mass death of fish. Rotting remains become a source of phosphorus, which feeds bacteria. The latter begin to multiply even faster, and the situation is aggravated.
Usually this process is controlled by nature itself. Some living creatures eat microscopic algae, purifying the water from them. Also, the concentration of algae decreases significantly with a decrease in air and water temperatures, as well as during rains. But it happens that the process of self-purification in the reservoir simply does not have time to occur. There are reasons why water blooms at a tremendous speed:
- A large concentration of organic matter in the pond. The reason may be water pollution with bio-garbage, rotten foliage, fertilizers.
- Hot days, lack of precipitation for a long period.
- Overfeeding fish.
- Reproduction and distribution in the reservoir certain types algae.
- A significant change in the hydrochemical composition of water.
How to improve pond water
What to do if the water in the pond turns green? First, the degree of flowering of the reservoir should be assessed. If the process is not very intense and lasts no more than 2-3 weeks, there is no need to worry - nature will do everything by itself. If you are afraid that the fish will suffocate, you can increase the movement of water using a fountain or blowing pipes.
If the water turns green at a high speed and for a long time, the cause of this phenomenon should be found. Perhaps a large amount of fertilizer from a neighboring garden is getting into the water, or you are overfeeding the fish. Try to fix the problem as soon as possible. You can control the content of organic matter in water using a special filtration system.
Sometimes providing a reservoir with shady areas helps to cope with the problem. To do this, you can plant plants around the perimeter of the reservoir, which will prevent the penetration of the sun's rays into the water column. You can also use plants that are natural algae antagonists, such as water lilies. Biological control methods also include some types of fish that clean the pond by eating algae in it.
You can fight algae using algaecides. Their use requires strict adherence to the instructions, as the drugs can harm other inhabitants of the reservoir.
Green water in a cooler
If everything is clear with open reservoirs, then why does the water in the cooler turn green if the liquid is purified and isolated from the external environment? Liquid contamination occurs at the stage of its use by the consumer, since algae do not survive in artesian wells, and compliance with drinking water production technologies excludes its contamination.
Artesian water contains a small amount of phosphorus, which is used by algae to sustain life. After opening, air enters the bottle, which may contain spores of microscopic algae. They, feeding on phosphorus, begin to multiply.
When light hits the bottle, the cyanobacteria begin the process of photosynthesis, producing a green pigment. After a few weeks, drinking water acquires green tint. Algae can get from the bottle to other parts of the cooler - pumps, taps, etc., multiplying there and infecting new bottles.
How to deal with the problem
Drink green water we do not want to, so you should adhere to the following rules:
- Clean the cooler regularly, thoroughly washing all parts that come into contact with the liquid.
- When replacing the bottle, do not touch the neck without the cork.
- Do not keep the vessel open for a long time. After opening the bottle, immediately install it in the cooler.
- Keep water bottles out of direct light. Try to store them in a dark place or cover them with an opaque cloth.
- Do not reuse bottles by filling them with tap water or water from natural sources. For further use, containers must be disinfected under special conditions.
We fight blue-green algae in the pond: Video
The bathing season in Russia traditionally opens with the feast of Ivan Kupala (on the night of July 6-7). It ended on Ilyin's day (August 2), even if August turned out to be warm. During this period, the water turns green (“blooms”) and becomes unsuitable for swimming. The water in the aquarium and in any open vessel (bottle, jug, decanter) is also colored.
Causes of water bloom
You can understand the reason for this phenomenon by examining a drop of water under a microscope. In the "blooming" water, it will be easy to see particles of microalgae. These are the so-called cyanobacteria, blue-green algae. Two conditions are necessary for the development of cyanobacteria: sunlight and a nutrient medium. The answer to the question why the water turns green in the aquarium is obvious. The aquarium is placed in the light, because light is necessary for the normal life of its inhabitants. The nutrient medium is formed by the remnants of food (therefore, it is not necessary to give the fish more food than required). In reservoirs, the nutrient medium for the development of blue-green algae is created mainly by nitrogen and phosphorus. Cyanobacteria develop in a decanter, a jug and any other vessel with water standing in the light, upon contact with air, because air has a complex formula that includes a lot of chemical elements.
Water bloom control
There is nothing wrong with the fact that the water in the aquarium has turned green: cyanobacteria do not pose any danger to fish, snails and other aquarium inhabitants. However, the unaesthetic appearance of the aquarium forces us to purchase a special scraper for cleaning the walls. Knowing why the water turns green, it will not be difficult for you to avoid “blooming”. First, try to position the aquarium so that direct sunlight does not fall on it. Secondly, do not pour too much food into the water. But if the water still turns green, get a special chemical cleaner from the pet store to clean it. You can prepare a solution of streptomycin yourself - it cleans the water perfectly. Take 4 mg of powder for every liter of aquarium water. For example, if you have a 3 liter aquarium, you will need 12 mg of streptomycin powder. Dilute it in a small amount of boiled water at room temperature and pour into the aquarium.
Water in reservoirs is also cleaned chemically or mechanically. Also, ultraviolet filters are used for cleaning (they are equipped with pumps for this purpose) and circulation systems. With the bottom-circulation method of purification, water is taken by a pump from the very day of the reservoir and fed to the surface through a pipeline system.
In order for the water in the bottle (jar, barrel and other vessels) not to turn green, it is necessary to limit the access of sunlight and ensure tightness (minimize contact with air).
Blooming water in the pond
Often in late spring - early summer, the water in an artificial reservoir "blooms" as a result of the active reproduction of microscopic algae. The algae that cause this phenomenon, or their spores, are always present in the water of natural reservoirs. Under the scorching sun and in the presence of a nutrient medium, they begin to actively multiply, eventually covering the bottom of the artificial reservoir with a continuous layer of greenery, and the water in the reservoir becomes green and cloudy, a dark coating appears on the walls.
Indeed, the flowering of water is an unhealthy phenomenon and it is necessary to somehow fight it. The constant replacement of water, as a rule, is a laborious process and requires a source of water supply. The use of chemicals is not always possible and justified, both in terms of the impact on human health and the fish living in the reservoir.
It is best, of course, to try to restore the bio-balance in the reservoir by populating the reservoir with living organisms and plants that purify the water: hornwort, marsh iris, cattail, etc.
A plant such as eichhornia (water hyacinth) perfectly cleans the water, in addition, it is amazingly decorative during flowering, it’s a pity it doesn’t winter in our open reservoirs, so you have to buy it every spring, or you can keep the winter in a container with water indoors. Ordinary daphnia, which feed directly on blue-green algae, also help from water blooms.Water blooms in the pond, as a rule, when the water overheats in the summer heat. Since algae need sunlight to develop, and they are autotrophs, that is, they "feed" themselves by doing photosynthesis, it is best to place an artificial pond in a diffuse shade, with this arrangement, the water in the pond will bloom much less, but try not to overdo it with shadow, because in order for water lilies to bloom in your pond, they need at least 6 hours of direct sun.
If necessary, it is better to shade the water surface with the leaves of aquatic and coastal aquatic plants. First of all, the leaves of the water lilies themselves, egg capsules, nymphaeums. It is recommended to cover at least one third of the water surface. Leaves floating on the surface of the water do not interfere with the development of others ornamental plants, but the algae block the light.
In general, ornamental aquatic plants are natural algae antagonists.
Water blooms with an excess of light and organic matter in the pond, which means that in order to reduce it in water, it is necessary to create a filtration system.
Install a small fountain or waterfall in your pond to circulate water. If funds allow, then it is worth installing a filter. There are filters included with the UV lamp. For different volumes of the pond there are corresponding kits.* From tina helps blue vitriol, for 1 cube of water 1/2 tsp. (without top). The fish is alive, the plants feel great, the mud does not grow, the water becomes clear.
* You can get rid of water bloom inexpensively with the help of hydrogen peroxide:
ordinary hydrogen peroxide, which can be bought at a pharmacy, is used at a concentration of 20 ml per 100 liters of water. The effect will be visible immediately, all the "flowering" will immediately turn into small "lumps", which can be easily caught with a net. In addition, you can temporarily drain the water from the reservoir and wipe the entire reservoir again with hydrogen peroxide, and then rinse it again with water.
But, before such cleaning it is necessary to catch the fish!!!* Another one of interest folk methods Pond bloom control without chemicals: just put a bunch of barley straw in it. When decomposed, barley straw releases substances that kill algae that cause water blooms.
* To prevent water blooming, you can add a solution of potassium or sodium humate to the pond, 2 times a summer, 500g / 10 cu. m. of water. An overdose of nymphs does not harm. It also inhibits the development of filamentous algae. The first treatment should be carried out in May, the second in early July. (It is not known how this will affect the fish)
* To combat filamentous algae, the easiest way is to put a few adult carp or silver carp into the pond, they do an excellent job of eating such a delicacy.
The larger the pond, the more likely it is to achieve biological balance in it, and, accordingly, the water is cleaner and more transparent!
A small decorative reservoir or a large pond intended for breeding fish differ significantly from a swimming pool not only in its purpose and appearance, but also in the composition of the water.
What is taken for granted in relation to a pool is completely unsuitable for a pond and vice versa.
While in the pool it is necessary to fight all manifestations of biological life, a pond without plants and living beings is like a big puddle.
Therefore, the method of caring for pond water is significantly different from caring for water in a swimming pool. If the water in the pool is subjected to systematic cleaning, as a result of which it may not change for months, then it is necessary to ensure constant renewal of water in the pond.
otherwise, a slow but obvious swamping of the reservoir will begin. The most common problems associated with maintaining a pond are: - water blooming; - water pollution; - low oxygen content.
water bloom
Blooming water indicates that it has a lot of algae. Algae appear already in the first weeks after filling the pit with water and multiply intensively in warm water with a lot of sunlight and a high content of nitrates and phosphates in the water.
Being food for the living inhabitants of the reservoir, not all algae are desirable. In general, algae are of three types:
- yellow, which fall in the form of a powdery sediment to the bottom of the pond;
- black (blue-green), existing in the form of spots on the walls of the reservoir;
- green, which usually float in the water and less often settle on the walls.
The most dangerous are the latter - green filamentous algae (filamentous).
At the first sign of the presence of green algae in the water, it is necessary to start an implacable war with them. Moreover, they fight them in the old-fashioned way - with the help of a rake or a pitchfork.
However, the best method of struggle is prevention. Create conditions that are unfavorable for the development of green algae, and they will never start in your pond!
How to achieve this?
First, do not use rich nutrients soil.
Secondly, remove dead leaves and food residues in a timely manner.
Thirdly, in the summer, make sure that the sun's rays do not fall on the water surface for more than 6 hours a day. You can plant shading plants on the south side of the reservoir or build a gazebo.
If the suggested measures do not help, then try using a special dye that does not let the sun's rays through, or, even better, install a cleaning filter.
In extreme cases, the use of algaecides, chemicals aimed at the destruction of certain plant organisms, is allowed. Read the instructions carefully before using the pesticide.
Otherwise, your pond may turn into a mass grave. Another scourge of natural reservoirs is weeds.
These are rapidly growing plants that fill the entire space of the pond and displace cultivated species. The only way to control water weeds is to catch them by hand.
However, something you can do even at the dawn of the construction of the reservoir - carefully dig up the soil of the reservoir, destroying the slightest hint of the presence of weeds.
Water pollution
The water in the pond may acquire an unusual shade - brown or black. Definitely, a change in the color of the water indicates that not everything is fine in the reservoir. Black water signals, most likely, that something is rotting in the pond. It can be plants or fish. In any case, the source of contamination must be removed.
If the water is heavily contaminated, then the water must be drained. Before cleaning the pond, net all coastal and deep-sea plants and start draining the water.
When there is not much water left in the pond, catch the fish and place it in a temporary tank.
Remove the remaining water, clean the bowl of the reservoir from dirt, and then fill it with fresh water with a small addition of old water. Brown water becomes when the fish raise silt from the bottom.
There are some types of fish, such as goldfish, which are famous for raising mud from the bottom of the reservoir.
Sometimes cloudy water causes a strong pressure of the submersible pump. This problem can be partially solved by using foculants - special chemical compounds that contribute to the sedimentation of dirt to the bottom of the reservoir.
lack of oxygen
One of the most common metamorphoses that occur with water during the operation of a reservoir is a decrease in the percentage of oxygen.
There may be several reasons for this:
- increased absorption of oxygen in order to decompose organic matter residues;
- a sharp decrease in the inflow of fresh water with a decrease in the possibilities of a water supply source;
- increased iron content - the transition of soluble iron salts into oxide compounds entails a large absorption of oxygen.
As a result of the depletion of oxygen reserves in the pond, conditions are often created that lead to the formation of products of anaerobic fermentation - decay of organic substances without oxygen.
The first of these is carbon dioxide. To increase the percentage of oxygen in water, aeration and iron removal are used. Aeration is performed during the fall of water, when oxygen is captured in tiny droplets.
That is why compressed air is used for aeration, waterfalls, water cascades and, of course, fountains.
The quality of aeration depends on the level of the water jet - the higher it is, the better the quality of aeration.
In addition to oxygen enrichment, water aeration promotes the oxidation of iron salts, which, reacting with atmospheric oxygen, turn into insoluble compounds. These compounds can be captured using elementary gravel or limestone filters.
The transparency of water directly depends on the amount of penetrating light. In order for algae to bloom and microorganisms to multiply, there must be a lot of light in the water. Based on this knowledge, it is better to place any reservoir in a place on the site where little water penetrates. sun rays. How less light gets into the water of the reservoir, the less will be the growth of algae.
It is important to take into account one nuance: you should not create an artificial shadow with the help of shrubs and trees. Yes, there will be no water bloom, but another problem will have to be solved - constantly falling leaves into the water in autumn period. However, the solution to this problem is also simple - when there is intense leaf fall, a mesh is stretched over the reservoir into a small cell (for birds). Thus, by removing the net, you will remove all the leaves at once, which makes it easier to work in the garden.
But how to create shading correctly if there is already a reservoir on the site, and it is not possible to move it to another place. In this case, it is useful to plant aquatic plants in the pond, for example, water lilies, the leaves of which will cover the water surface, preventing it from warming up so that the water begins to “bloom”.
If you decide to plant plants in a pond, remember that they should not occupy more than a third of the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe pond.
METHOD 2
Good helpers in the fight against blooming water will be ornamental fish that feed on pests and mosquito larvae. However, you should not add a large number of fish to the reservoir and feed them excessively - otherwise you can get the opposite effect.
METHOD 3
In specialized stores, you may be offered to use tablets as a means of preventing the "bloom" of water in a pond. However, you should not abuse such products, since the presence of chemical elements in them can cause irreparable harm to the soil and aquatic plants.
The greatest effect is the use of various UV sterilizers. These are special ultraviolet lamps, the action of which is aimed at the destruction of microorganisms, the growth of which causes the water to bloom. Such devices do not harm fish, plants of the reservoir.
METHOD 4
Strong flowering appears only in stagnant water. If possible, you need to make sure that the water in the reservoir does not stand, it should flow, splash and boil. This does not mean that the water in the reservoir needs to be changed every week. It is enough to install a fountain in the pond or organize a small cascade - the water will be enriched with oxygen, and the reproduction of algae will noticeably worsen.
METHOD 5
There is another simple way to keep the water in the pond clean and clear for a long time. A small amount of marsh peat should be placed in a loose fabric bag and lowered to the bottom of the pond. To prevent the bag from floating up, it is pressed with a stone. This natural remedy will allow the water to remain clean for a long time, without turbidity.
Fish can live and breed in tap water. You just need to keep in mind that usually tap water is chlorinated, and chlorine, when combined with water, forms hydrochloric, hypochlorous, chlorous and chlorous acids. The latter decomposes rather quickly. Therefore, before you put the fish in a pond with fresh water, you should let it settle for several days. It's even better to check with your local waterworks ahead of time what kind of disinfectant they add to the water, because some substances take longer to decompose than chlorine compounds.
In dry weather in summer, water should be added to the pond in a thin stream from a hose. If you add a lot of fresh water to a small pond at once, this will lead to a sharp change in temperature and an increase in the content of chlorine in the water. In addition to chlorine, the acid-base balance has a great influence on the quality of water. Fish are able to tolerate fairly large fluctuations in the acid-base balance of water, but in some cases the water may be too acidic or too alkaline for them.
Finally, both ash and rainwater become contaminated over time, and this has to be dealt with somehow. Pollutants from the soil can be avoided from entering the pond, in your area there may be fresh air, but nonetheless chemical composition water will inevitably change as a result of the decomposition of fish waste and other organic residues. If you have a small pond with a lot of fish and plants, you will need to clean it from time to time. Below is how to do this.
GREEN WATER
The water turns green due to the large number of small algae that live both in the water column and at its surface. These small algae are harmless to fish, but the water becomes cloudy.
In any new pond, the water becomes greenish two weeks after the pond is filled, and if this is not dealt with in any way, the situation will worsen. If the surface of the pond is warmed by the sun and the water contains a sufficient amount of certain minerals and carbon dioxide, then algae will multiply very quickly. In order for the water not to bloom, it is necessary to create conditions unfavorable for the growth of green algae, the article is pond care. This can be achieved if the surface area of the pond is large enough (at least 3.5 m2) and there are plants that shade the surface of the water and absorb mineral salts and carbon dioxide dissolved in it. To prevent water blooming, it is also necessary to remove dead leaves of plants in time, make sure that food not eaten by fish does not remain in the water, etc.
Unfortunately, dealing with water bloom is not so easy, even if you follow all the recommendations for maintaining balance in the pond given in the article. The main reason for failures is mud raised by fish from the bottom or strong mixing of water with an overly powerful pump.
Sometimes it is simply impossible to create the necessary balance in the pond due to the fact that the water surface area is too small (less than 3.5 m2), the depth in the deepest part does not reach 45 cm, from the surface of the soil or a paved area near the pond, mineral water enters it. substances or organic residues water, or little or no water in it higher plants(for example, in a koi pond or fountain). In this case, you need to resort to some method of dealing with algae. There are several of them, and among them there are both cheap and expensive ones. For example, a sack of barley straw or peat can be placed at the bottom of a pond, but this usually does not do much good. It is possible to put daphnia into the pond, although the fish will eat the daphnia faster than they will eat the algae. The obvious solution is chemical algae control. There are quite a few such algicides, and most of them act selectively on small algae and are less harmful to other plants and fish. Carefully follow the instructions for use of algicides. You should start applying them before the algae becomes too much. Algicides of selective action give only a temporary effect, they must be applied every 1-4 months. Another type of algaecides are substances that bind algae and organic matter that clog the pond, as a result of which they settle to the bottom. The third way to deal with algae is usually the most effective. This is a harmless dye that does not let sunlight into the water, which is necessary for the development of algae. But these are all temporary solutions. It is possible to solve the problem of water purification in a cardinal way only by installing a filter.
weeds PLANTS
There are several types of weeds that spoil appearance pond, interfere with the growth of the desired aquatic plants and make it difficult to look at the fish. First of all, these are filamentous green algae, or filaments. Their long and silky threads are attached to the bottom and walls of the pond or form balls floating in the water. Filamentous and microscopic algae usually do not occur in a pond in which balance is achieved with the help of higher plants. Installing a filter will rid the pond of small algae, but, conversely, will encourage the growth of thread algae. These weeds are best removed from the pond with a net, rake or two-pronged pitchfork. Rotate the rake or pitchfork around as much algae as possible and remove from the pond, putting it in a compost heap. Chemicals It is recommended to apply the fight against filaments only after mechanical cleaning. Plants floating on the surface of the water, sometimes growing beyond measure, such as duckweed, can also clog the pond. Such plants must be removed from the water in a timely manner with a net and not allowed to grow. Also dangerous are fast-growing shore plants growing on a terrace in a pond, which must be drastically cut back if they begin to drown out more delicate plants.
POLLUTED WATER
Contaminated water may not have an unpleasant odor or discoloration, but still be dangerous to plant and/or fish life. There are several types of pollution. As a result of rotting of the leaves of water lilies and other underwater plants, an oily film can form on the surface of the water, which prevents oxygen from penetrating into the water. This film should be removed - stretch a newspaper over the surface of the water. If dry leaves or dead fish rot in the pond, the water turns black. In case of severe pollution, you will have to pump water out of the pond, clean it and only then fill it again. Equally drastic measures should be taken if paint, herbicide or any other harmful chemical has entered the pond. Finally, in small ponds with a large number of fish and plants, after a few years, fish waste, food residues, organic waste, etc. accumulate, during the decomposition of which toxic substances are released. This problem is solved by partial replacement of water in the pond in spring and autumn. Pump out a quarter of the volume of water with a pump, and then add tap water to the pond in a thin stream to the usual level.
MUDDY WATER
Brown cloudy water is harmless to fish and plants, but spoils the appearance of the pond. Water becomes cloudy mainly for two reasons: fish digging in the silt raise turbidity from the bottom of the pond and from the surface of the soil in baskets with plants, or too powerful a pump creates a strong current, which also raises silt from the bottom of the pond. Of course, prevention is better than cure, so plant baskets should be covered with burlap, buy solid-walled baskets, cover the soil surface in them with gravel, and install the pump in such a way that the water movement is not too strong. You can get rid of this problem for a while by applying special chemical substances- flocculants, as a result of which the dirt will settle in flakes at the bottom of the pond. This layer of dirt on the bottom must be removed with a special vacuum cleaner or other means. Unfortunately, the water will turn cloudy again if you do not eliminate the root cause of the cloudiness.
ACID And ALKALINE WATER
To determine the pH of water, there are easy-to-use kits. At pH values from 6.5 to 8.5, water is suitable, but at very low or higher values, it is dangerous for the life of both plants and fish. A pH value of 9.0 or higher means that the water is too alkaline. This is usually the water in ponds with waterproofing made of concrete or artificial stone. All concrete surfaces should therefore be painted over, try to remove as much algae from the pond as possible, and add buffering agents to the water, which can be bought at the same place where aquatic plants are sold. An acidic environment (pH value less than or equal to 6.0, which does not happen very often) occurs due to water entering the pond from the surrounding peatlands. In this case, you need to partially change the water, put limestone in the pond or add buffering reagents.
CLEANING POND
The pond needs to be cleaned if it has begun to leak, a thick layer of silt has formed at the bottom, or the water has become contaminated. On a fine day in late spring or summer, first remove all coastal plants from the pond, and then deep-sea plants. If possible, move them to a temporary pond; if this is not possible, wet the plants with water from a hose, preventing them from drying out. Build a temporary pond in the shade with plastic or butyl rubber sheeting, make separate compartments for fish and plants, and fill with water. Plants with floating leaves and oxygenating plants should be placed in plastic containers filled with water. Start pumping water. When there is not much water left, take out the fish with a net and put them in a temporary tank. Check the condition of the fish and cover their temporary home with a thin net.
Pump out all the water from the pond and remove the silt from the bottom. Scrape the dirt off the walls, being careful not to damage the surface. Refill the pond with tap water and add some old pond water if it is not contaminated. Plant the plants, clean the baskets if necessary, and return the plants to the pond. Finally, carefully release the fish back.
Muddy, blooming water, a bunch of algae - this is probably the biggest fear of many owners of suburban areas, which does not allow dreams of their own pond to come true.
But in vain. After all, with anyone, even the smallest water body, the site becomes more comfortable and beautiful.
There are many ways you can easily keep your pond from blooming and yourself from unnecessary work. Let's go in order.
Method 1. The transparency of water can be controlled by the amount of light. It is known that algae and microorganisms need a lot of light for "blooming", for reproduction. And we, in turn, using this knowledge, nothing prevents us from placing a reservoir in a place where there is little sunlight. The less light, the less algae will grow.
But there is one very important nuance here: you do not need to create this shadow artificially, with the help of trees or shrubs. Because in this case, having got rid of the problem of flowering water, you will get a friend a problem - how to deal with falling leaves in the fall. Although there is also a fairly simple solution for this - during the period of intense leaf fall, pull a fine mesh for birds onto the surface of the reservoir, so that later, removing it, remove all the leaves in one fell swoop - but still you should not add extra work to yourself.
So how is it right to create a shadow if we already have a pond, and we are not going to transfer it anywhere? Useful plants, such as water lilies, can be planted in the pond, which will cover the surface of the water and prevent it from warming up enough for algae to grow there. All about creating a reservoir in the article: All stages of work on the device of a garden pond
But even here there is a nuance: it is important to remember that a reservoir cannot be occupied by plants by more than a third.
Method 2. Introduce ornamental fish into your pond. They will destroy pests and larvae of the same unloved mosquitoes. And the waste products of your fish serve as excellent fertilizer for plants - here you have an ecosystem. Just be sure not to add too many fish and do not overfeed them - otherwise you will get the opposite effect.
Method 3. Of course, you can go to specialized stores and ask - now there are special pills against the flowering of the reservoir. Just be careful with such products: make sure that there is as little chemistry as possible, because an incorrectly selected product can harm both the right plants and the soil.
You can also pay attention to various UV sterilizers - special ultraviolet lamps that are aimed specifically at the destruction of microorganisms that cause water blooms and are not dangerous for humans, fish, and plants in the reservoir.
Method 4. Abundant flowering can only appear in stagnant water. So make sure that the water in your reservoir does not stagnate, make it move, boil and splash! Of course, I do not urge you to change the water in it every week. Just buy a fountain or make a small cascade, a waterfall - splashing water will enrich the pond with oxygen, which means that algae will be less likely to multiply in such water.
Method 5. Take some marsh peat, put it in a permeable cloth bag, and lower it to the bottom of the pond. Press the bag with a stone so that it does not float up, and that's it. This peat will help the reservoir to remain clean and not cloudy for quite a long time.
As you can see, making water not bloom is quite simple. Now it's up to you - if you still don't have a pond - be sure to schedule one for this summer season. You will not regret. Even a tiny pond, the size of a basin, which will certainly fit and on 6 acres can become an additional highlight of your site.
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