Czech Republic what plants and animals. Czech Nature: Incredible Places You Haven't Heard Of

The Czech Republic is located in the very center of Europe and borders on Germany, Poland, Austria and Slovakia. The territory of the republic is almost 79,000 square meters and combines the historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. The capital is Prague, the largest city in the country. Majority settlements small. Of the major ones, we will single out the cities of Brno, Pilsen, Ceske Budejovice, Olomouc, Hradec Kralove and Ostrava.

The landscape of the country is dominated by highlands and medium-high mountains - the Czech Massif, bordered by the Šumava ridges, the Czech Forest, the Krkonoše and the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. largest river– Vltava with a length of 440 km. The Czech Republic is located on the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, which is the watershed between the Elbe and the Danube. Elba - she is Laba - flows through the territory of the Czech Republic, others big rivers- Morava, Odra - she is Oder, - Ohře, Arrow and Berunka.

The landscapes of the Czech Republic are amazing in their beauty and diversity. Wide valleys with a dense network of rivers and lakes are replaced dense forests, hills and mountain ranges, keeping the age-old freshness and coolness of stalactite caves. It is here that the healing springs of the most popular European spas - Karlovy Vary, Marianske Lazne and Frantiskovy Lazne - are located - they make up the "golden triangle of Czech health."

15,000 lakes and ponds, sandstone rock formations, 2,000 mineral springs, hundreds of palaces and castles, meadows and fields - all this is the Czech Republic. The most valuable natural areas are protected by the state. They became national parks and nature reserves - almost 12 percent of the territory.

The climate of the Czech Republic

Climatic conditions in the Czech Republic are very favorable. The country is located in the zone of transition from the Central European maritime climate to the continental East European, i.e. located in a climate-friendly area temperate zone northern hemisphere. The climate of the Czech Republic is temperate, transitional from maritime to continental, more or less even throughout the country, but its regional features depend mainly on the terrain.

Winters are usually mild, with temperatures ranging from -2 to -4°C in the plains and from -8 to -10°C in the mountains. In the most frosty days the temperature can reach -15 degrees, but this happens no more than once every 10 years. The average temperature in winter is about 0 degrees. Summers are usually moderately hot. Average daily temperatures in the warmest summer month, July, fluctuate around 19–21 °C in the plains and 4–8 °C in the mountains.

Spring in the Czech Republic begins at the end of February. Autumn only starts in October.

Statistical indicators of the Czech Republic
(as of 2012)

In terms of climate, the Czech Republic could well be called a bridge between East and West. The Czech Republic attracts tourists all year round. The Czech Republic is located almost in the very center of Europe. The landscape of the Czech Republic is amazing in its beauty and diversity. Wide valleys with a dense network of rivers and lakes give way to overgrown dense forests, hills and mountain ranges, keeping the age-old freshness and coolness of stalactite caves. Strong temperature fluctuations are rare. But in the mountains and the Czech Forest, everything is the opposite, since it is cold, heavy air descends to the valleys, and warmer and more transparent air layers rise to the mountains - a great opportunity for mountain tourism.

Skiing in the Czech Republic is well developed and very popular among the population. In the Czech Republic there are many famous ski resorts where you can relax and have a good time.

January - February are the most suitable months for visiting the country's ski resorts. As for precipitation in the Czech Republic, it is dominated by rain, brought mainly by westerly winds. The average annual rainfall is 550 mm in the plains and 1400 mm in the mountains. In general, the climate of the Czech Republic is very mild.

Flora and fauna

The Czech Republic is one of the most forested countries in Europe. Forests cover about 30% of its territory. Industrially valuable conifers, primarily spruce (61% of the tree stand) and pine (22%). Above the forest line are alpine meadows. Vast forests create conditions for people to relax and serve as a place of residence for wild animals - deer, beavers, pheasants and hares. In the mountain forests there are lynxes and numerous small animals - foxes, squirrels, weasels.

Nature conservation in the Czech Republic has an old tradition and is one of the best in the world. 12% of the territory of the whole country (9270 sq. km) is occupied by nature reserves. In Western Bohemia there is a unique natural complex- Sumava Park, stretching for 125 km along the border with Austria and Germany. This is a vast region of calm deciduous forests largely untouched by human activity. Although only one small part of Šumava - the Virgin Forest of Bubin, can be regarded as, indeed, a protected ancient European plant community, but a more preserved complex of the European mountain broadleaf forest just doesn't exist. Wild flowers abound everywhere.

The mighty Vltava, as well as the five other main rivers of the country, starts from here, creating excellent conditions for active water sports. There are also all conditions for skiing and skiing. In the foothills of the Šumava are located amazing in their beauty, the castles of Švig, Velgartice, Rabi.

The Czech Republic even has its own volcanoes located in Western Bohemia. The most famous of them is the crater of the extinct volcano Komorni-Hurka. Here, between Cheb and Frantiskovy Lazne, in the vast swampy area of ​​​​Slavkovsky Forest, there are numerous mud volcanoes that eject mineral water. There is also an amazing natural formation - Koneprusskie caves - absolutely amazing karst caves, where you can freely enter at any time of the year.

In this article you will find various maps of the Czech Republic, as well as basic facts and useful information about the geography of the country.

The Czech Republic is a country located in central Europe. The Czech Republic has no access to the sea. The country is located entirely in the northern eastern hemisphere.

Statistics for the Czech Republic

• Area of ​​the Czech Republic: 78866 km², the 113th largest country in the world.
• Distance from northernmost to southernmost point: 278 km.
• Distance from easternmost to westernmost point: 493 km.
• Borders: the total length of the border is 2290.2 km. Border with Germany in the north and west (810 km), border with Poland in the east (762 km), border with Austria in the south (466 km), border with Slovakia in the east (252 km).
• Highest point: Mount Snezhka (Sněžka) 1603 m.
• lowest point: Hřensko 115 m above sea level
• Average altitude of the country: 430 m above sea level.
• Access to the sea: no
• Czech Time: Central European Time (UTC +1)

The Czech Republic is divided into 13 regions and Prague: Prague, Central Bohemian Region, South Bohemian Region, Pilsen Region, Karlovy Vary Region, Ustec Region, Liberec Region, Hradec Kralove Region, Pardubice Region, Vysocina, South Moravian Region, Olomouc Region, Moravian-Silesian Region, Zlinsky Region. Each region has a capital. On the map you can see all the regions and their coats of arms.

1. Bohemian Switzerland National Park is one of the most beautiful places in Europe

Czech Switzerland is the youngest national park in the Czech Republic. It was officially opened on January 1, 2000. The area of ​​the park covers 79 km2. It is located in the Usti region and is adjacent to the state border, where another national park begins - Saxon Switzerland. The main attraction of the park is a unique rock city. Here, tourists visit the observation deck at Jetrchihovitsy, admire the Kamenice gorge and pass over the natural rock bridge Pravcické bran, which is considered a symbol of Czech Switzerland. Numerous monuments of folk architecture can be seen along the perimeter of the park.

Website: www.ceskesvycarsko.cz
Address: Pražská 52, 407 46 Krasná Lipa
GPS: 50.914085 14.509806

Czech Switzerland, kudyznudy.cz

2. Meander Ploucnica Nature Park

This national park, located along the banks of the Ploucnica River between the towns of Mimon and Ceska Lipa, covers an area of ​​270 hectares. The greatest interest in this park are endless meadow forests and fields with different types plants and animals. The nature in this area is untouched, there are not even paths near the river: therefore, boat tourism is popular in the reserve.

Address: Meandry Ploučnice, 471 23 Zakupy
GPS: 50.633161 14.670934

Plouchnitsa meanders

3. Czech Grand Canyon - Big America

The famous western Lemonade Joe was filmed at this location. Once upon a time, objectionable political prisoners were also taken here. All of these are the Vapensov Canyons, which are called Great and Little America. It's incredible beautiful place located near the Karlstejn fortress in the Czech Karst, but not all tourists visiting the castle get to it.

Website: www.karlstejnsko.cz
Address: Karlstejn 334, 267 18 Karlstejn
GPS: 49.957515 14.194851

Canyon Velka-Amerika, kudyznudy.cz

4. Rock city Adrspach

The largest rock city in the Czech Republic. It is located in the Adrspach-Teplice Rocks, the largest natural complex in Central Europe, which has been inspiring tourists and travelers since the 18th century. You will not see such a number of picturesque corners as in the Adrspach-Teplice Rocks almost anywhere. Hiking trails lead to many bizarre rock formations, some can only be reached by stairs. Those who overcome all the steps will be able to admire the mountain lake and the Adrspas waterfall. Right at the entrance to the complex there is another lake, on which you can ride a boat in summer (50 CZK per person).

Entrance to the park: 70 CZK
Website: www.adrspach.cz
Address: Dolni Adršpach čp. 26, 549 57 Adršpach
GPS: 50.614957 16.122890

Adrspach, kudyznudy.cz

5. Chałupska slav - a lake in the largest peat bog in the Czech Republic

Lake Chałupska slát is located at the mouth of the Vydri stream at an altitude of 910 meters. Oaks, spruces and numerous other plants grow around the largest peat lake in the Czech Republic. A small educational trail leads through the swamp to the lake, on which floating islands appear. You can get to the lake by asphalt and a wooden path, along which there are many information boards.

Website: www.npsumava.cz
Address: Borová Lada-Svinná Lada 21, 385 01 Borová Lada
GPS: 48.998611 13.659167

Lake Chałupska send, kudyznudy.cz

6. Mshinske nicknames - giant rocky mushrooms in the Giant Mountains

Sandstone pillars near Mshen look like huge mushrooms. They appeared naturally as a result of weathering due to the fact that top part rocks with a higher iron content resisted erosion better than the lower one. You can see this beauty in nature reserve Kokorzynski dol is one of the largest national parks in the Czech Republic.

Address: Mšeno
GPS: 50.438015 14.631287

Mshenske nicknames, kudyznudy.cz

7. The Devil's Pulpit in the Rychleb Mountains is one of the most beautiful viewing platforms in the Czech Republic

The most beautiful natural viewing platform Devil's Chairs (Čertovy kazatelny) is located on the way to the ancient Rychleby fortress (3 km) in the Rychleby Mountains. The site is a formation of gneiss rocks with a high and sheer southern wall, which is shaped like a pulpit. From here you have a beautiful view of the canyon of the Racha valley and relict forests. You can get to this place by car, parking is provided for tourists.

Address: Račí údolí, 790 70 Javornik
GPS:50.368773 16.992611

Devil's pulpit, kudyznudy.cz

8. Teplitsky rock city - a mystery of the wild

The Teplitz Rocks are massive rock walls rising to the very sky (in some places above 70 m) and the largest mountain labyrinth in Central Europe, narrow valleys and mysterious caves. Walking along the Teplitsky Rocks is admiration and adrenaline at the same time. The area is perfectly prepared for tourism, but compared to the Adrspach Rocks, it is harder to walk here.

Website: www.teplickeskaly.com
Address: Horní 13, 549 57 Teplice nad Metují
GPS: 50.594966 16.169974

Teplice rock walls, kudyznudy.cz

9. Czech Sahara - sand dune near Vlkov

Vlkovský dune, or Czech Sahara, is one of the most famous and visited places of its kind in the Czech Republic. Here, pines and other plants grow on the pleasant yellow sand, and the wind creates bizarre sand figures (though only a few centimeters high). As in any desert, in the Czech Sahara it is always warmer than in the surrounding area, because the sand perfectly reflects sunlight. You can get to the mini-desert from the parking lot at the Horusický rybník pond.

Address: Veseli nad Lužnici
GPS:49.159418 14.713224

Czech Sahara, kudyznudy.cz

10. Beseditsky rocks - a romantic natural labyrinth

In the Besedice Rocks you will find the secret prayer house of the Czech brothers and wonderful views. A walk through the rock labyrinths of Kalich and Chlevishte in the Bohemian Paradise region will be an unforgettable romantic adventure. If you're into geology, you'll love the educational trail with information boards. You can also walk around this complex with children, who will definitely like the narrow corridors between the rocks.

Address: Besedice, 468 22 Koberovy
GPS:50.628287 15.208218

Viewpoint on the Besedice Rocks, kudyznudy.cz

11. Piklo - a valley at the confluence of the Metuy and Oleshenka rivers

Despite the frightening name, Peklo (translated from Czech as hell, hell) is a rather popular and very beautiful national park in the Czech Republic in a romantic valley at the confluence of the Metuje and Oleshenka rivers. The park got its name in honor of the old Pekelets mill, which was rebuilt according to the project of the architect Dusan Yurkovic into a tourist restaurant with elements of folk architecture. The restaurant is decorated with various devils, and on the menu you can find several dishes with a "damn" theme.

Website: www.peklo-nemecek.cz
Address: Peklo u Nového Města nad Metují, 547 01 Nové Město nad Metují
GPS:50.378614 16.186745

Inferno National Park, kudyznudy.cz

12. Khromnitskoye Red Lake - European unique

The water of the Red Lake is a weak solution of sulfuric acid. It is sterile and has no life in it. Iron compounds give the lake its red color. This is a unique natural attraction in Europe, which you can look at for free.

Website: www.hromnice.cz
Address: Hromnice c.p. 60, 330 11
GPS:49.850941 13.447312

Red Lake near Chromnice, kudyznudy.cz

13. Rough rock city

Between the Wallenstein fortress and the Hruba Skala castle near Turnov, in the Bohemian Paradise region, there is an unusual area called the Hruboskalsk Rock Town. There are more than 400 natural towers here, the highest of which reach 50 meters.

Address: Hruba Skala
GPS:50.544630 15.200404

Rough rocks, kudyznudy.cz

14. Broumov walls

Amazing rock formations surrounded virgin nature, hidden in the 410 km2 Protected Reserve. This area delights with its beauty, incredible views and mysterious rocks of bizarre shapes.

Website: www.broumovskesteny.cz
Address: Ledhujská 59, 549 54 Police nad Metují
GPS:50.538096 16.236269

Broumovsko, kudyznudy.cz

15. Panczavski waterfall in the Krkonoše - the highest in the Czech Republic

Pančavski waterfall in - the highest in the Czech Republic. Its height is 148 meters. The waterfall cascades down the rocky steps to the Lab valley. Near the waterfall there is Ambrozhova observation deck, from which you can see beautiful view to the valley and mountains.

Website: www.krnap.cz
Address: Harrachov 442, 512 46 Harrachov
GPS: 50.754486 15.555267

Panczavski waterfall, Krkonoše, kudyznudy.cz

variety of animals and flora, topographic zones and invariably attracts lovers of hiking and cycling to the country. In addition to tourists from other countries, they romp and walk along tourist trails and locals– green tourism is a priority here.

Looking at the photos representing all the beauties of the Czech nature, one wants to quickly plunge into this green world of plains and rocky mountains. The climatic conditions of the country are comfortable both for living and for active tourism. in winter average temperature air does not fall below -5 ° C, and in summer it most often does not exceed +20 ° C. Due to the fact that mountains of medium height protect the Czech Republic from the continent, strong winds and bad weather is rare here, and vegetation is true proof of this.

Both in winter and summer in the Czech Republic, what to see: its nature is multifaceted. Despite the absence of pronounced climatic zones, the difference is felt as you move from north to south and from east to west. Tourists will be interested in:

Although the Czech Republic is not a large state, it has its advantages - all natural parks and unique places you can visit for quite a short time. Definitely recommended to take a look at.

Republic Czech- a state in Central Europe, located on the historical lands of Bohemia, Moravia and part of Silesia. It borders on Germany in the west and northwest, Poland in the northeast and north, Slovakia in the east and southeast, and Austria in the south.

The name of the country comes from the ethnonym of the tribe - the Czechs.

Official name: Czech Republic

Capital:

The area of ​​the land: 78,864 sq. km

Total population: 10.4 million people

Administrative division: The Czech Republic is divided into 7 regions, 77 districts, which, in turn, are divided into communities.

Form of government: Republic.

Head of State: President elected for a term of 5 years.

Composition of the population: Czechs 93%, Slovaks 1.8%, Moravians 3.7%, Ukrainians 0.6%, Poles 0.5%, Germans 0.4%, Vietnamese 0.3%, 0.2 % - Hungarians, 0.2% - gypsies ..

Official language: Czech. People speak well: English, German and Russian.

Religion: 40% - atheists, 39.2% - Catholics, 4.6% - Protestants, 5% - Orthodox.

Internet domain: .cz

Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz

Phone country code: +420

Country barcode: 859

Climate

The climate of the Czech Republic is temperate. In winter, only light frosts are possible. There is too little snow to turn into slush on the streets of the city, but there is plenty of it in the mountains for winter sports. Summer is quite warm.

Most cold month- January. The average minimum temperature at this time drops to -3...-5 degrees, the average maximum is slightly positive (0...+2). Most warm month- July. The average minimum temperature at this time is +13...+15 degrees, the maximum reaches +24...+26 degrees. The least precipitation falls between November and March (23 to 24 mm per month). The number of days with precipitation during this period is 10-11. The rainiest time of the year is May-August, in which the monthly amount of precipitation is 60-80 mm, and they fall during half the days of the month.

On the ski resorts snow lasts from November to April, the season usually opens in December. The air temperature depends on the height above sea level. In the middle part of the mountains (approximately at an altitude of 700-800 m above sea level) in winter months(December-February) the temperature at night is -5...-10 degrees, in the daytime -2...-7 degrees. The height of snow during this period is on average from 1 to 3 meters.

Geography

The Czech Republic is located in the heart of Central Europe. The nearest neighbors of the Czech Republic are Germany (in the west), Austria (in the south), Slovakia (in the southeast) and Poland (in the northeast). Administratively, the country is divided into 8 regions, which are combined into three historical regions - Bohemia, as well as Moravia and Silesia (regional centers - Prague, Brno and Ostrava, respectively). Bohemia and Moravia occupy the western and eastern parts of the Czech Republic. Czech Silesia occupies a relatively small part of northern Moravia.

The landscape and nature of the Czech Republic are distinguished by their beauty and diversity. There are plains, plateaus, highlands, mountains, swamps, lakes, rivers, etc. In the central part of the country the relief is mostly flat. These are areas of active agricultural production. Along the borders of the Czech Republic, mountain ranges lined up in a natural ring. In the northwest there is the Krusne mountain range, in the north - the Krkonoše, in the east - the Eagle Mountains, in the southeast - the Carpathians, in the south and west - the Šumava Mountains. About a third of the entire territory of the Czech Republic is occupied by forests. In the mountains, vast tracts of virgin forests have been preserved, which makes the mountain resorts of this country especially noteworthy.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world

The Czech Republic is one of the most forested countries in Europe. Forests cover about 30% of its territory. Industrially valuable conifers predominate, primarily spruce (61% of the tree stand) and pine (22%). Above the forest line are alpine meadows.

Nature conservation in the Czech Republic has an old tradition and is one of the best in the world. 12% of the territory of the whole country (9270 sq. km) is occupied by nature reserves. In Western Bohemia there is a unique natural complex - Sumava Park, stretching for 125 km along the border with Austria and Germany. It is a vast region of tranquil broadleaf forests largely untouched by human activities. Although only one small part of Šumava, the Bubin Virgin Forest, can really be regarded as a protected ancient European plant community, a more preserved complex of the European mountain broadleaf forest simply does not exist. Wild flowers abound everywhere.

Animal world

Vast forests create conditions for people to relax and serve as a place of residence for wild animals - deer, beavers, pheasants and hares. In the mountain forests there are lynxes and numerous small animals - foxes, squirrels, weasels.

Attractions

• Wenceslas Square
• Zvikov
• Karlstejn
• Konopiste
• Old Town Square
• Dancing house in Prague
• Cesky Krumlov
• Cesky-Sternberk

Banks and currency

The monetary unit is the Czech crown. There are banknotes in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000 crowns. 1 crown is equal to 100 hellers. There are 10, 20 and 50 heller coins in circulation.

Banks work mainly during the day from 9 am to 3 pm. Not all banks are open on weekends.

ATMs can be found near every bank. Visa, Eurocard, Mastercard, Amercan Express cards are serviced.

There are many exchange offices in the Czech Republic. Currency can be exchanged everywhere: from the airport to the cafe. All exchange offices are subject to a fee. However, it is best to make exchange transactions in banks. There the course remains the most profitable.

Useful information for tourists

Check-out time in hotels - 12.00, check-in of tourists from 14.00. Museums and galleries in the Czech Republic are open daily, except Monday, from 10.00 to 17.00 or 18.00. Castles and fortresses: from May 1 to September 30, daily, except Mondays and days following holidays, opening hours from 9.00 to 17.00; lunch break from 12.00 to 13.00. From April to October, some castles and fortresses are completely closed or operate only on weekends. Grocery stores are open Monday-Friday from 6.00 to 18.00 and on Saturday until 12.00. Department stores, as a rule, serve customers on weekdays until 20.00. Large supermarkets are usually open on weekends - until 18.00 or 20.00.

Every nation has its own national toys. In the Czech Republic, these are puppets - puppets that are controlled with the help of thin ropes. Street vendors demonstrate virtuoso skills, invariably attracting the attention of children.

At any time of the year, you need to take comfortable shoes with you - a walking tour of Prague lasts 4 hours. In winter, autumn and early spring, warm and windproof outerwear is useful.