A tree up to 30 m tall, usually growing from the base with several trunks, when free standing, forms a powerful wide-pyramidal crown. The bark is dark gray, fissured. Shoots are grayish-brown, young ones are brown, glabrous. Beautiful, heart-shaped leaves 5-10 cm in diameter, dark bluish-green above, gray or whitish below, with reddish veins. At the beginning of blooming, they are painted in purple-pink tones with a satin sheen and are very effective against the background of other plants. AT autumn time they are no less attractive with their crimson or golden yellow color. At this time, a sweet smell is felt - either caramel or baked bread. It seems to someone that it smells like gingerbread or vanilla. In Germany, for this feature, the scarlet is called the "Gingerbread Tree". It is noteworthy that this sweet smell does not appear in all trees, and only when the foliage acquires autumn color, disappearing during leaf fall. Can be grown in the north middle lane up to the latitude of St. Petersburg, does not require shelter. Demanding on lighting, soil fertility, drought-resistant. Winter-hardy in central Russia. Crimson is interesting for the original shape of the crown and leaves, their spring and autumn color. It is recommended as a beautiful park tree in single and group plantings, for compositional groups, in intra-quarter gardening and for exotic lovers. In culture since 1865

Amur velvet - Phellodendron amurense

slender, beautiful tree up to 25 m tall, with a wide-oval, semi-openwork crown. The bark of the trunk is light gray, in young plants with a silvery tint, two-layered: the outer layer is velvety, corky, the inner one is bright yellow, bast. The leaves are large, pinnate, of 5-13 leaflets, resemble ash leaves (up to 25-35 cm), when rubbed with a specific smell. In spring they are light green, in summer they are dark green, with a lighter underside, in autumn they are yellow-orange, pale copper. They dress with foliage later than other species, leaf fall - at the first autumn frosts. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, yellowish-green in paniculate inflorescences, inconspicuous among the leaves, bloom for 2 weeks. The fruits are inedible, spherical, up to 1 cm in diameter, black, slightly shiny, with a sharp resinous odor when crushed. Often kept until spring. Grows fast. Photophilous, demanding on the soil, quite drought-resistant, wind-resistant, the root system is quite powerful and deep. Winter-hardy. Relatively gas and smoke resistant, tolerates transplant well. Naturally renewed by seeds and root shoots. Lives up to 300 years. Due to the beautiful crown, graceful leaves and peculiar bark, it deserves wide use in gardening. Decorative throughout the year, looks impressive in combination with birches, maples, oak, conifers, in the form of single and group plantings, alleys.

Common birch (white) - Betula alba

Common birch, or white (along its bark), is distinguished by its slender growth, dazzling white bark and rhombic-oval or almost triangular, rounded or truncated at the base, sharp, saw-shaped leaves along the edges, covered with velvety fluff only in young age. Due to the presence of a resinous substance, the bark (birch bark) is extremely durable and is perfectly preserved in river sediments, peat bogs, etc. In Russia best height birch plantations seen on moderately moist, not too dense soils, not poor in humus content. The difference in the mineral composition of the soils does not show a particularly noticeable effect on the growth of birch, and only on calcareous soils does it grow very rarely.

Warty birch Tristis(ristis)

Warty birch (drooping) - Betula verrucosa (B. pendula)
Tree up to 20 m tall, with openwork, irregular crown and smooth, white, peeling bark. In adult trees, the lower part of the trunk is covered with a powerful blackish bark, with deep cracks, which distinguishes it from most white-trunked birches. The branches are mostly drooping, young shoots are warty. The leaves are rhombic, glabrous, up to 7 cm, resinous, sticky when young. Earrings are drooping. The fruit is an oblong-elliptical, winged nutlet.
It grows quickly, frost-resistant, undemanding to the soil, very photophilous, drought-resistant. In culture for a very long time.
It has several forms, of which the most decorative are: pyramidal(f. fastigiata)- with a narrow pyramidal crown; mourning(f. tristis)- with very thin weeping branches forming a rounded crown; Yoongi(f. joungii)- with an irregular, picturesque crown, with thin drooping branches; purple(f. purpurea)- with purple leaves;

Oak - Quercus

Pedunculate oak - Quercus robur
Long-lived, very powerful tree up to 50 m tall, in close plantations with a slender trunk, highly debranched, in single plantings in open places - with a short trunk and a wide, spreading, low-set crown. The bark on trunks up to 40 years old is smooth, olive-brown, later grayish-brown, almost black. The leaves are alternate, at the top of the shoots close together in bunches, leathery, oblong, obovate, up to 15 cm long. The leaves are shiny, bare, dark green above, lighter below, sometimes with sparse hairs. Acorns up to 3.5 cm, 1/5 covered with a cupule, ripen in early autumn.
Grows slowly, the greatest energy of growth in 5-20 years. Moderately photophilous, wind-resistant due to powerful root system. Excessive waterlogging of the soil does not tolerate, but withstands temporary flooding for up to 20 days. It prefers deep, fertile, fresh soils, but is able to develop on any, including dry and saline ones, which makes it indispensable in green building in many regions of Russia. It has high drought and heat resistance. One of the most durable breeds, lives up to 500 - 1500 years. Propagated by sowing acorns, well renewed by shoots from a stump.

Oak red or northern -Quercus rubra
A slender tree up to 25 m tall, with a dense tent-like crown. The trunk is covered with thin, smooth, gray bark, cracking in old trees. Young shoots are reddish-felt, annual shoots are red-brown, smooth. The leaves are deeply notched, thin, shiny, up to 15-20 cm, with 4-5 pointed lobes on each side of the leaf, reddish when blooming, dark green in summer, lighter below, in autumn, before falling off, scarlet-red in young trees, the old ones are brownish-brown. Blooms at the same time as the leaves open. Acorns are spherical in shape, up to 2 cm, red-brown, as if chopped off from below, unlike English oak, they ripen in the fall of the second year. It bears fruit steadily and abundantly from 15-20 years.
Frost-resistant, can be used for planting from the latitude of Moscow and to the south. Medium light-loving, easily tolerates lateral shading, but prefers full coverage of the top of the crown. Wind-resistant, not very demanding on soil fertility, withstands even acid reaction, but does not tolerate calcareous and wet soils. Resistant to pests and diseases, including powdery mildew - the scourge of our oaks. It has high phytoncidal properties. Among the advantages of red oak should be attributed to its resistance to smoke and gases. Belongs to breeds that effectively reduce urban noise. Due to the high decorative effect, resistance to unfavorable factors environment, magnificent autumn decoration deserves the widest use in green building, for creating single and group plantings, alleys, arrays, lining roads and streets. In culture since the XVII

white willow, or silver (Vetla) - Salix alba .
Large tree 20-25 m tall, with a powerful trunk covered with fissured, gray bark. Young branches are very effective, thin, hanging down, silver-pubescent at the ends. Older shoots are glabrous, shiny, yellowish or reddish-brown. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate, up to 15 cm long, silky-whitish in youth, later - dark green above, glabrous, silvery below, silky-pubescent, which makes the tree very spectacular at the slightest breath of wind. Flower earrings develop at the same time as the leaves.
It grows quickly, photophilous, frost-resistant, undemanding to soils, tolerates urban conditions well. Lives up to 100 years.
It has many decorative forms, the most common:

White willow "Tristis" - a tree 15 - 20 m high. The crown is sprawling, with hanging shoots, 15 - 20 m in diameter. The bark is yellowish, then brown. Shoots are yellow. Leaves lanceolate, 8-12 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, green. Autumn color is yellow-green. It blooms in April - May simultaneously with the blooming of the leaves or a little later. Earrings are yellow. Honey plant. Grows fast. Photophilous. Tolerates dry soils, but prefers moist soils. It has a very picturesque weeping crown.

Willow brittle , or willow -Salix fragilis
A tree of medium size (15-20 m) with a tent-shaped crown and brittle branches, for which it received its specific name. Shoots glabrous, shiny, olive-green, sometimes slightly reddish, sticky when young.
Blooms at the same time as the leaves open.
It grows quickly, frost-resistant, more demanding on the soil than white willow. Reaches the best development on deep, clayey and moist soils. The age limit is 50 years. As a beautiful, unpretentious and easily propagated plant, it is often used in ornamental gardening in single and group plantings. In culture for a long time.

Common horse chestnut - Aesculus hippocastanum

Mighty tree up to 30 m tall with a massive trunk and a heavy, dense, wide-rounded crown, wonderful large inflorescences and very decorative fruits. Deservedly enjoys the fame of one of the most beautiful park trees, decorative throughout the year: in winter - a beautiful pattern of powerful branches; in spring - early blooming, large, sticky, greenish-pink buds, from which on one of the warm days original, wrinkled, complex, long-leaved leaves appear, giving a dense shadow when fully developed. The leaves are compound, palmate, of 5-7 oblong, obovate leaflets up to 25 cm long. In early May, after the leaves bloom, large (up to 30 cm), pyramidal panicles of large, white, pink-speckled flowers appear on it. Like candles on a Christmas tree, inflorescences give a unique look to the tree during this period. Flowering lasts 15-25 days. Chestnut fruits are also very decorative - spherical, green, with numerous thorns, fleshy boxes up to 6 cm in diameter, cracking with three valves and containing 1-3 shiny, dark brown seeds.
Frost-resistant, rather picky about soil fertility, prefers loams containing lime. Shade-tolerant, but best developed in open sunny places. Demanding on soil and air moisture, tolerates urban conditions relatively well, has a high ability to accumulate sulfur compounds and lead. Resistant to pests and diseases. Keeps decorative for a long time. It is very colorful in autumn, when the foliage acquires a beautiful bright yellow color. Good honey plant. Durable.
A first-class tree for planting on streets, boulevards, in alleys of parks. Monumental groups and entire groves in large parks and forest parks are also good from it. It is very beautiful in a single landing, where it is possible to fully develop the crown. In culture since 1576.

	Norway maple Globozum (spherical shape) (f. globosa).
Norway maple Deborah ("Deborah")	Norway Maple "Schwedleri"
Norway maple Royal Red ("Royal Red").

Norway maple, or platonolist - platanoides.

Tree up to 30 m tall, with a dense, wide-rounded crown. The bark of young branches is reddish-gray, smooth. The trunk is covered with dark, brownish-gray, sometimes almost black bark with numerous shallow cracks. Large, up to 18 cm, five-lobed, dark green leaves turn orange-yellow in autumn. It blooms before and during leafing, with yellowish-green, fragrant flowers, collected in corymbose inflorescences. It is very beautiful and transparent in the initial period of flowering, when the inflorescences have already formed, and the leaves have not yet unfolded. It is no less decorative in summer with a dark green crown and, no doubt, in autumn decoration. In the first 3 years it grows rapidly. Blossoms and fructifies from 17 years.
Winter-hardy in Central Russia. It is quite demanding on fertility and soil moisture, it grows quickly, it is shade-tolerant, it does not tolerate stagnant moisture and salinity, it gives abundant shoots from the stump. Well withstands transplantation and urban conditions, wind-resistant. Large size, beautiful dense crown, slender trunk, very ornamental foliage - these are the qualities for which it is especially appreciated in ornamental gardening. One of the best breeds for single and alley landings, colorful powerful groups. His exceptionally spectacular autumn outfit stands out in contrast against the background. conifers. In culture since ancient times.
Has many decorative forms, differing in color and shape of foliage, nature and shape of the crown, growth characteristics:

Norway maple Doummondi (f. Drummondii).
Tree up to 6-10 m (sometimes up to 12 m) in height and about 7 m in diameter. In our conditions, it acquires such a size only after living for thirty years, or even more, in one place. Leaves with a wide uneven cream-colored stripe, pink when blooming, small in size. Its crown is beautiful, broadly pyramidal in youth, and then rounded. This is one of the most spectacular forms of Norway maple. On some leaves, there is more white than green, so from a distance the tree looks very light, almost white. Young shoots and leaves sometimes with a pinkish tint. The shape of the leaves is clearly defined, with sharp edges - ornamental. The tree remains light even in the shade. Looks very nice up close. Virtually no flowers. Propagated by cuttings. By autumn, the edges of the leaves turn brown. There are two varieties - white-bordered and yellow-bordered.

Norway maple Globozoom (f. spherical) (f. globosa).
Small tree, 4-6 (7) m high, 3-5 m wide, originally strictly spherical, branches arranged asymmetrically but compactly; very slow growing. Flowers yellow corymbose inflorescences in April, fragrant flowers reminiscent of the smell of fruits, blooms very unusual and attractive. The fruits are invisible. Leaves 5-palchatate-lobed, early blooming at the end of April; bronze when blooming, then dark green, yellow-orange in autumn. The root system is shallow, heart-shaped, sensitive to soil compaction, well strengthened. It tolerates high temperatures well, frost-resistant; very adaptable, not demanding; stable in urban conditions, wind resistant.

Norway maple Deborah (f."Deborah").
Medium-sized (about 15-20 m high, 12-15 m wide) tree with a wide-rounded crown. The leaves are five- or seven-lobed, about 15 cm long and 20 cm wide. When blooming, they are shiny, purplish-red above and dark green below, then turn green to brown-green, and turn yellow-orange in autumn. The difference of this variety is that the leaves have a slightly wavy edge.

Norway maple Shwedleri ("Schwedleri")
A beautiful powerful (20 m high, 10 m in diameter) tree with an openwork wide-pyramidal crown. Grows quickly, especially at a young age. When blooming, the leaves (20 cm wide) are bright red, then in the second half of summer they turn more and more green and become shiny bronze-green. The leaf veins and petioles remain purple. Maple trees are dark green in autumn.

Norway Maple Royal Red ("Royal Red").
A tree about 8-12 m high. It grows rapidly only at a young age. So, at about 10 years of age, its height is about 5 m. It is interesting for its leaves, which, when blooming, have a bright red color, then become shiny black-red, turning bright red again in autumn. Blooms in May yellow flowers, which look very impressive against the backdrop of red foliage.

Linden-Tilia

Linden small-leaved or heart-shaped - Tilia cordata

Tree up to 30 m tall, with a compact oval crown and a slender cylindrical trunk. Leaves up to b cm, heart-shaped, with a retracted apex, dark green above, glabrous, sometimes shiny, bluish on the underside, on petioles up to 3 cm long; in autumn they take on a beautiful light yellow color. The flowers are small, yellowish-white, fragrant. Flowering lasts 12-17 days.
Differs in high shade tolerance, high frost resistance, sensitive to drought, moderately demanding to soil conditions, tolerates urban conditions more or less well, retains dust well. It perfectly withstands crown molding and is one of the most important tree species, most widely used in regular style gardens and parks. Suitable for creating a hedge. It tolerates transplant well. Valuable honey plant. Durable, lives up to 400 years or more. In culture for a very long time. The best companion of oak and maple.

Large-leaved linden - Tilia platyphyllos.
Tree up to 40 m tall, with a dense, broad-pyramidal crown, with reddish-brown, fluffy, rarely bare, young shoots. Leaves up to 14 cm, round-ovate, green. The leaves bloom two weeks later than the small-leaved linden. The flowers are yellowish-cream, larger, but in smaller numbers in the inflorescence (2-5), blooms two weeks earlier than the small-leaved linden.
Grows relatively fast. Winter-hardy for the Moscow region. You can plant from the latitude of St. Petersburg and to the south. It is more demanding on soil fertility, it tolerates drought better than small-leaved linden, it is stable and more durable in urban conditions. The application and areas of use of this species are similar to small-leaved linden.

Manchurian walnut - Juglans mandshurica

Tree up to 25 m tall, with a spreading or wide-rounded, highly raised, openwork crown. The trunk is straight, even, covered with dark gray, sometimes almost black, deeply furrowed bark. Young shoots are yellow-green, pubescent. Branches are grey, smooth. The leaves are very large (up to 1.25 m), pinnate, with a strong characteristic odor when rubbed. In spring they are grayish-green with pubescence, bright green in summer, golden yellow in autumn.
Photophilous, prefers fertile, well-moistened, drained soils, sensitive to drought. Thanks to a powerful root system, it is wind resistant. Relatively gas and smoke resistant. In the conditions of the middle lane - winter-hardy.

Rowan - Sorbus

A small tree (up to 11 m) or a large shrub with alternate, pinnate leaves, dark green above, bare, lighter below, pubescent. Flowers up to 1 cm, in large corymbs. The fruits are orange-red, spherical, remain on the branches for a long time, very decorating the tree.
It is frost-resistant, puts up with a slight shading, undemanding to the soil, but develops better on loose. Avoids sickness.
It has many decorative forms: according to the shape of the crown, the color and taste of the fruit, the color of the leaves, which can be successfully used in green building. These are "liqueur", "burka", "pomegranate", "Michurinskaya dessert", "Nevezhinskaya". The typical form, its hybrids and varieties are decorative throughout the growing season. Very beautiful in solitary and group plantings, edges, alleys throughout Russia.

Bird cherry-Radus

Common bird cherry ,or carpal -radus avium
Usually this tree is up to 15-17 m tall with brown, cracking bark in old age, which has a specific bitter aroma. The crown is wide, dense, with drooping branches; the bark is smooth, matte, black-gray. Elliptical leaves up to 15 cm long, dark green, slightly wrinkled, with a sharply serrated edge. Bird cherry trees begin to bloom and bear fruit from 5-6 years. And then, against the background of the leaves, fragrant, up to 12 cm long, drooping brushes of white flowers stand out in contrast. If you are very lucky, you will come across trees with pink flowers. Flowers appear in May, and after a week and a half, a few gusts of wind are enough - and a round dance of petals will spin, filling the air with the last aroma of bird cherry. Now it remains only to wait for the fruits. Black, shiny, juicy edible drupes ripen in mid-July. The fruits are tart, astringent. Of them, ground together with bones, they make stuffing for pies, use the fruits to make drinks or tint them.
It grows quickly, frost-resistant, moisture-loving, shade-tolerant. Satisfactorily tolerates urban conditions. It is well renewed by shoots from the stump and roots. Can be propagated by seeds, cuttings and layering. Damaged by bird cherry moth. Gives a strong root shoot from the stump.
Common bird cherry Colorata
The maximum size of this deciduous tree or small shrub is 5-6 m in height. At a young age, the leaves are purple or copper-violet, when mature, they are green with a bronze tint of the underside and purple veins. In autumn, the foliage turns pinkish-red. Shoots are dark purple. Spectacular during abundant flowering with pale pink drooping racemes of flowers with the smell of almonds. The fruits are shiny, black, edible, astringent, with red petioles.

Bird cherry poppy ( radus maackii )
Tree up to 17 m tall, with a broad pyramidal crown. The trunk is covered with very elegant, reddish-orange or golden-yellow bark, smooth, shiny, peeling off across the trunk with papery, thin films, which somewhat resembles the peeling of a number of species of Far Eastern birches. Such a bark becomes only in the light. The leaves are shiny, elliptical or oblong, with a retracted apex, sharp-toothed, up to 13 cm long. In spring they are light green, in summer they are dark green, in autumn they are intensely yellow or yellowish red. The flowers are white, 0.6 cm in diameter, in erect oblong racemes, odorless.
This bird cherry blossoms and fructifies from 7 years. It is very winter-hardy, tolerates temperatures down to -40°C. Prefers fertile, fresh soils, wind-resistant. It is very sensitive to shading, even in partial shade it loses its decorative effect, while in full light it retains its decorative effect until old age. Stable in the city. It tolerates transplanting, shearing and asphalt pavement. Decorative at any time of the year. Little susceptible to pest attack. Grows fast. Recommended for single and loose group plantings, to create alleys. Given the light-loving, should be planted at a distance of 5 m from each other. In culture since 1870.

Ash - Fraxinus

Common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior)

common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior )

Tree up to 30 m tall, with a broadly oval, openwork crown, with straight, slightly branched branches and unpaired foliage. The bark of the trunk is initially ash-gray, almost smooth, later with deep, longitudinal and small transverse cracks. The buds are black with velvety pubescence, very showy against the bare branches. The leaves are pinnate, of 7-9 sessile, broadly lanceolate, serrate along the edge, bright green leaves above, green below, hairy along the veins. Flowers are inconspicuous. Fruits - lionfish, up to 5 cm long, often remain on the branches all winter.
Grows quickly, photophilous. In adulthood, it tolerates temperatures as low as -40°C. In severe winters, some of the shoots may freeze slightly, so it is better to plant it in protected places. It also suffers from late spring frosts, but then quickly recovers. Air dryness endures well, soil - worse. Demanding on the soil, insufficiently smoke and gas resistant. Lives up to 300 years.

weed trees

Beware of weed trees!

Most amateur gardeners are well aware of what garden weeds are. But they don’t even know that they are also among the woody plants used in gardening, landscape design. Therefore, they often treat tree planting very lightly - planting the wrong tree, you think ... - Someday it will grow again! - We'll see! If anything, I'll cut it down ... And such people plant what is simpler, what grows faster - most often poplars. - Driven a stake, and order! Here is an example from my own life. In 1961, when I was still a teenager but already interested in botany, our family moved to new house. And, as usual, all its residents began to plant trees and shrubs around the territory. I, I remember, planted a plum tree, it adorned the lawn for a long time afterwards. And the neighbor brought and drove in two healthy poplar stakes. No matter how much I tried to convince him that this should not be done, he only brushed off the annoying boy. Like, but soon there will be greenery. Indeed, poplars took on easily, and grew quickly. After 15 years, they crushed the plum, it dried up. Then, with their dense crown, they shaded the windows in all the apartments of our front door, it became dark and damp in them. Now, after 54 years, these are huge trees with a diameter of two girths and a height of up to the sixth floor. In summer, a lot of fluff and small pests fly from them into apartments, so it is impossible to open the windows either. All the tenants groan, and the family of the planter, too. And it is impossible to cut them down, as the neighbor thought, - not only are they now included in the plan of green spaces, and you need to get special permission to cut them, which is not easy; and purely practically it is now very difficult to do, and expensive. When felling such a tree, the windows in the house, nearby cars may be damaged, if the trunk starts to fall in the wrong direction, this happens when felling. And the street lighting wires will definitely be cut off. In addition, to remove these trees, you need a car with a lift, and a whole team of workers who will work all day, removing the trunk and branches in parts with chainsaws, and then take them out again. This is what rashness in planting trees leads to. Another example: I know a case, quite reliable, that occurred on Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg, when a poplar, once planted by a woman, killed her, in the truest sense of the word. No, he did not fall on her, although this can happen, it just turned out that she was allergic to poplar pollen (there are not so few such people). Two decades later, during the flowering of the grown poplar, the woman began to suffocate, and medical assistance was late ...

Many of our cemeteries also present a sad sight. Probably, everyone saw how once planted near the grave, and now grown, trees break, destroy it, and the neighbors get it. AT this case weeds can be any trees, not just poplars, it's just a matter of timing. And after all, an object lesson - for many it is useless - they continue and continue to plant trees near the graves. No, to plant decorative bushes - lilac, hawthorn, mountain ash, dog rose. And it's beautiful, and then no problems will arise. It is even more difficult to remove trees that have grown in a cemetery than in a city - a car with a lift will not pass between the graves, and if you cut them down completely, then neighboring monuments will certainly suffer.

Sometimes, by heavy pruning, they try to reduce the height of the trees to some extent, and thereby reduce the shading and the amount of pollen and fluff flying from poplars. But the improvement from such an operation is short-lived, only for two to three years. But then such heavily pruned trees form an even denser crown, and spores of wood-destroying fungi penetrate into the trunk through cut branches, it rots from the inside. As a result, trees become wind-breaking, and in strong winds they can fall on people, parked cars, and electrical wires. Everyone, for sure, heard about such cases. And most importantly, very often strong pruning causes rebirth in poplars, a change of sex - as a result, male specimens become female, and fluff also begins to fly from them. In some places in the summer it is swept by the wind with whole snowdrifts. Down even more often than pollen causes allergies, and most importantly - it literally burns like gunpowder; can flare up from any poorly extinguished match or cigarette, as a result - become the root cause of a serious fire. However, it should be understood that not all poplars and not always are weed trees. For example, the decorative variety of the pyramidal silvery poplar Sovietsky, bred by Academician S.A. Yablokov, is very beautiful, does not fluff, does not give root offspring, and therefore is not a weed. Another of its advantages is that it is quite winter-hardy in the Middle lane and in the North-West of the country.

It should be clarified that among tree species there is no such clear division into cultivated plants and weeds, as in horticulture. It cannot be clearly stated that one type of tree is necessarily a weed and another is not. Depending on the specific conditions, both of them may or may not be so. Plant poplars in city parks, squares, as well as on garden plots obviously shouldn't. This also applies to aspen, which is also poplar. But, for example, in protective strips along automobile and railways those types of trees, in particular poplars, which are undesirable in city parks or garden plots, may well be applicable. And in order not to form fire-dangerous fluff, only male specimens should be planted, i.e. harvest cuttings for planting only from males. There are more than 100 species of poplars, but the most commonly used in plantings are black poplar (black), deltoid, bay leaf, balsamic, Berlin and some other species and varieties. Most of them have a fairly similar appearance, the same shape of the trunk and crown. Their advantages: large sizes, high speed growth, ease of reproduction, dense, long, until late autumn, remaining green, crown. The main disadvantages of poplars have already been mentioned. It should only be added that many of them form a large number of root suckers that spoil asphalt and other types of road surfaces.

Another potentially weedy tree is the ash-leaved maple. This is an exotic from North America, often multi-stemmed, up to 25 m high. Its foliage somewhat resembles ash. The leaves are trifoliate or pinnately compound, usually consisting of five leaflets. The flowers are inconspicuous, wind pollinated. The fruits are light gray two-winged, remain hanging on the tree all winter. It has a fairly beautiful crown, fast growing, easily propagated by seeds and cuttings. Good for cutting and shaping. Drought tolerant. Because of these qualities, at one time, it was widely introduced into the landscaping of cities. But it turned out to be short-lived, gives a lot of root growth, spoiling lawns and roads around the tree, often leans and falls. The wood is brittle, so windbreak. Suffering from spring frosts and severe frosts in winter. Photophilous. More decorative than poplars, but just as they do not deserve even the current level of distribution in culture.

Another tree that should be used in landscaping with great care and to a limited extent is the birch. We have two of them - warty and fluffy, outwardly very similar. They can also become a weed tree. The fact is that birches are necrotic species, i.e. often falling ill from the slightest damage with stem rot, and, in the future, dying. This is especially true for urban conditions. If you already land them on the site (or better - near it), then protect their trunks from injury. Otherwise, they are doomed - they will become infected with pathogenic fungi, and in 10-15 years, or even earlier, they will dry out. The wood of dead birches rots very quickly, in 2-3 years, and such trunks become very dangerous, they can fall even from a small breeze. Therefore, they must be cut down. In addition, birch trees in autumn very much litter the area around them with fallen leaves and small twigs.

In addition, remember that any, the most “noble” species, thoughtlessly planted in the wrong place, can turn out to be a weed tree. And, conversely, depending on specific conditions, even potentially weedy species may not become such if they are planted where they obviously cannot cause harm. So, before planting a tree, you need to think carefully about what will come out of it in a few decades, try to predict the situation. And even better - consult with a specialist dendrologist.

Vladimir Starostin , dendrologist, Ph.D. Sciences

25.12.15

Poplars, planted in our city of Kaltan about 50 years ago, began to represent real danger for the life, health and property of citizens. Now their removal is a very time-consuming process that requires special equipment. Poplar on my street (pictured) - away) removed the municipal services of the city

Ash-leaved maple, often erroneously called ash, was deliberately introduced to Europe in the 17th century, it came to Russia in 1796 and by the 70s of the last century took first place out of fifty invasive plants brought to Russia. Ash-leaved maple, or American maple (lat. Acer negúndo) is a dangerous invasive species that has become naturalized in our conditions. It is widely introduced into the native vegetation cover of Moscow with its large number of disturbed soils and currently poses a threat to other tree species and the entire biological diversity of the city.

Ash-leaved maple - - is found everywhere in urban areas, forms thickets in fallow areas, edges of forest belts, oak forests. In the floodplains of small rivers and small lakes, it dominates in the tree-shrub layer. In floodplain forests, it completely stops the regeneration of willows and poplars. It has strong allelopathic properties (physiologically active substances of leaf litter - colins - act as inhibitors of the growth of competing plants).

In urban and other cultural settings, it is a pernicious woody weed. The pollen of male specimens of ash-leaved maple is a strong allergen, in the period spring flowering(in central Russia in late April - early May), the wind carries it over long distances, and its presence in the air causes hay fever in humans(a disease called "hay fever"). According to the research of O. V. Chemarina, is carcinogen. The leaves emit an unpleasant odor when crushed.

Introduction of alien species (which include ash-leaved maple) and their distribution can cause irreversible environmental disasters. Accordingly, the problem of invasions at the beginning of the 21st century becomes the most important in terms of ensuring the environmental security of Russia. For the first time, a comprehensive discussion of this problem was carried out at a round table meeting organized within the framework of the All-Russian Conference on Environmental Safety (June 4-5, 2002, Moscow) ( Environmental Safety and invasions of alien organisms, 2002].

At the end of 2009, the Main Botanical Garden Russian Academy Sciences released black book flora Central Russia, which for the first time collected and summarized data on the 52 most widespread invasive plant species in Central Russia. In addition, the European Black List is provided - a list of the most harmful alien species, for which the European Invasive Species Strategy recommends strict control of dispersal.

But, due to environmental agencies, many aspects of nature management are not regulated and controlled. This largely applies to ash-leaved maple, which legally belongs to the third category of green plantations (of low value), due to which cutting down or damaging it without the appropriate documents entails administrative responsibility (meanwhile, the enormous growth rate of this so-called local “bamboo” by the people » leaves little time for various bureaucratic procedures and constantly increases future eradication costs).

Personally, all sorts of prohibitions and rules there have never stopped me, I have already cut down more than one hundred ash-leaved maples, and there’s no need to talk about young growth. On the other hand, if you are afraid of openly breaking the law, there is a very simple way to get rid of weed tree just drive a copper nail into it. It is clear that all this is only half measures and the problem must be solved at the city level and above. In the meantime, officials from environmental organizations are thinking, I continue to act and plant native species of trees among thickets of ash-leaved maples, gradually exterminating the latter.
________________

yes .. especially amusing is the "torment" of the employees of the Department of Natural Resources, who cannot understand: on whose balance sheet are these trees? what is on the balance of Nature, because self-sowing, because it was necessary to thin out and destroy in time by themselves or by the same half-educated people - does not reach them. And there are ugly people everywhere - crooked, slanting, right at the foundations of houses, but with their will to live, fertility and remarkable growth - and nothing can be done with them.

There are a huge number of varieties of trees on the planet that perform a vital function, purifying the air of carbon dioxide. They grow everywhere, except, perhaps, permafrost lands and some desert territories. Even in the hottest and most lifeless lands, you can find oases with palm trees.

tree types

Tree varieties can be divided into two types: coniferous and deciduous. The first, as you might guess, have various scales and needles instead of leaves. The most popular representatives of this species are:

• Pines.
• Fir.
• Cypress.

Overwhelming majority coniferous trees are green all year round.

deciduous trees- these are most often plants with petiolate lamellar leaves that have branched venation. This category includes about 260 thousand species. Deciduous appeared on the planet much later than their needle-like counterparts back in the days jurassic and actively spread during the Cretaceous. Now deciduous trees have taken a dominant position on the planet due to their good adaptability to climate change.

Central Russia

Linden is one of the most popular trees in central Russia. It successfully tolerates local frosts, blooms and produces seeds with little care. The heart-shaped belongs to the Malvaceae family, which includes about 40 more species of trees and shrubs.

After buying a summer cottage in central Russia, my husband and I decided to plant it with trees. To understand which ones will definitely take root, we planted several deciduous trees at once. More than we expected! In this article, I want to tell you which deciduous trees are suitable for central Russia.

It is very common in North America and Europe, which are similar in climate to central Russia. It requires a lot of space, as it easily grows up to 25 m in height, it can exceed 9 m in width. Its leaves are beautiful ovoid in shape from 10 to 15 cm. They are smooth to the touch from above and resemble velvet from below.

Their color is dark green or golden, depending on its type. At the beginning of summer, the acacia is covered with white or pale yellow flowers, spreading a very pleasant aroma around them. Three types of acacia are common in our country:

• Outdoor - It can grow even in a heavily polluted environment, so it is planted to decorate yards next to factories and factories. It is desirable that the soil does not consist of heavy soil and is not too damp, otherwise the tree will freeze in winter. It tolerates drought more easily than dampness. The leaves are dark green and the fragrant flowers are white.
• Golden - A low tree, growing no higher than 12 meters in height, characterized by curly blue-green foliage, which changes to yellow every autumn. It is desirable to plant it in a sunny area, as the acacia is very fond of sunbathing.
• Silk - The smallest of all types of acacia, has a spherical crown, up to 7 meters wide, its height is about the same. Greenery blooms at the end of May, falls off at the end of November. In July, yellow leaves bloom on it, it is picky about the composition of the soil.

Birch

The most popular tree in Russia, it is with it that foreigners associate our great and beautiful country. Birch can grow in almost any strip of the country, even in Yakutia. True, only dwarf birch can be found there. It differs from other trees in its smooth bark, which can be peeled off and used to make various crafts and utensils.

In spring, birch is mined healthy juice. A medicinal decoction is made from its leaves. In place of faded flowers, flattened seeds with membranous wings appear. These three types are most common throughout Russia:

• Dwarf - It is easier than all other types of birch to tolerate sudden changes in temperature, which is why it is planted in the tundra and the Siberian part of Russia. The height of the dwarf birch does not exceed 120 centimeters. Its roots usually extend vertically, cannot go far inland. Likes slightly acidic soil. The seedling is planted only in autumn.
• Bolotnaya - Feels great in damp soil, so it is recommended to plant it next to artificial reservoirs. In a young seedling, the bark will be white, which will darken a little with age. Trees grow with branches strictly upwards, usually they are no more than 20 meters. They have pale green leaves about 5 centimeters long.
• Weeping - She got this name due to branches hanging down that can touch the ground. The average height of a weeping birch is about 8 meters, the width is from 4 to 6 meters. The crown is covered with numerous dark green leaves of a round shape, each with a diameter of no more than 2 centimeters. Every autumn, the birch changes its green outfit to juicy orange or red, which attracts the eye. The seedling is best planted in a well-lit area. Can grow in almost any soil.

Oak

It is difficult to confuse it with other deciduous trees. It is the most powerful of all, thanks to a very wide crown. Her branches playfully withstand very strong winds. But picky about the soil, it will not even grow in a mineral-poor one, the same applies to moist soil.

In comfortable conditions, an oak of any kind can easily live over a hundred years. Many acorns ripen on it every year. In our country, you can most often find these oaks:

• Pedunculate - It can be found in fertile areas, where it towers over all trees, thanks to its giant growth of 50 meters. It can stretch up to 25 meters in breadth. Every autumn, acorns ripen on it, not exceeding 4 centimeters. It has dense swamp-colored foliage, where the lower part is lighter than the upper. The Russian winter is easily tolerated.
• Red - It is easy to notice among other trees only in autumn, when its dark green foliage turns bright red. Even round acorns have a reddish tint. Its leaves are surprisingly long, can reach up to 20 centimeters in length. But the height of the oak is usually not higher than 20 meters. Easily withstands severe frosts down to -35 ° C, grows calmly in a very windy place.
• Fluffy - The shortest of all oaks, no more than 10 meters. It has a crooked trunk and a voluminous crown with leaves up to 10 centimeters in length of various shapes. Top part marsh-colored leaves, and the lower gray-green. It grows slowly, does not like windy places. It can usually be found in rocky and sunny places.

Willow

Moisture-loving plant, so it is most often found along rivers and lakes. If there is an artificial reservoir in the summer cottage, then a small willow can be planted near it, which will add additional charm to this corner. They usually grow up to 15 m in height, rarely there are varieties whose height exceeds 30 m.

In most cases, willow branches descend downward, almost touching the ground. Behind the thick branches near its trunk, you can hide from the outside world. Common types of willow in Russia:

• Rod-shaped - She received this name due to straight and thin branches with long and narrow leaves up to 20 centimeters long. The leaves are slightly shiny in the sun. This tree bears fruit every April in the form of swollen boxes not exceeding 5 millimeters. The total height of the rod-shaped species is 6 m.
• Silvery - She got her name due to the gray-green leaves with small hairs, which from afar appear silvery. Usually looks like a dwarf ornamental bush, not exceeding half a meter. In breadth, it is most often two to three times larger than in height. In autumn, its silvery leaves change their pigment to light yellow.
• Weeping - The most popular and recognizable willow that grows everywhere. It can often be found in city parks. Usually not higher than 7 meters, the width does not exceed 5 meters. It has very narrow and long green-blue foliage with a shiny surface. In the middle of spring it is covered with small silvery earrings. He likes well-lit places, easily tolerates winter.

Rowan

One of the most beautiful deciduous trees, thanks to unusual shape its leaves and red fruits. She may be the owner of one or more trunks.

Almost all leaves turn several colors in autumn. Two types of mountain ash grow in Russia:

• Ordinary - The most popular of all mountain ash, thanks to its curly crown up to 10 m high. In comfortable climatic conditions can live up to a hundred years. On one leaf there are up to 15 oval leaves. In late spring or early summer, umbellate flowers with a diameter of about 10 centimeters bloom on the mountain ash. Thin out not very pleasant aroma. Already in August, you can admire the bright red fruits that the birds that stay for the winter feed on in winter.
• Round-leaved - It grows very slowly, adding no more than 30 centimeters in height per year. Easily tolerates drought, wind resistant. The crown is conical in shape, and the dark green leaves are broadly elliptical in shape. The root system is very deep. Flowers that bloom in late spring have a more pleasant fragrance than rowan fruits ripen in September. Rowan propagates by seeds or semi-lignified cuttings. late autumn its green becomes completely yellow.

Poplar

It is difficult to find a Russian city that would not be inhabited by these fast-growing trees. With their height, they can easily outgrow a forty-meter house. At the beginning of summer, small flowers in the form of earrings appear on female poplars, which later burst and release thousands and thousands of small fluffy seeds resembling snow.

Therefore, to avoid such "poplar fluff", it is better to plant male trees. AT recent times these fast-growing trees were no longer planted because of their fragility, as they break easily in a normal light hurricane. Their wood is not suitable for building houses due to the fact that it peels off easily.

In central Russia, these three species can be found:

• White - Loves moist soil, tolerates winter frosts without problems. Feels the same in both sunny and shaded places. Its dense and wide crown is decorated with numerous green leaves, similar in shape to maple. Every June, yellow-green flowers bloom on it, later seeds hatch from them, which the wind spreads throughout the district.
• Fragrant - Does not exceed 20 m, has an oval crown, grows very quickly. Prefers well-lit areas, they are best planted on summer cottages or in parks, as not all trees survive in urban polluted conditions.
• Large-leaved - In urban conditions, it fits perfectly into the surrounding landscape due to its low growth - up to 9 m. It has wide oval-shaped leaves up to 12 cm long. Harsh winters tolerates hard, young shoots fall off in the spring, unable to withstand the frost.