Presentation on the topic "all the most in Russia." All the very best about Russia: amazing records of the largest country in the world Record holders in length

Plant nutrition.
Plant nutrition.
Plants are the only living things on Earth
organisms capable of inorganic substances
create organic.
create organic.
The work of Ponomareva N.M. teacher of biology and
Chemistry VOOSh №9
Chemistry VOOSh №9

mineral nutrition
mineral nutrition
plants.
plants.
 From soil through roots to plants
From soil through roots to plants
water and dissolved in
her mineral salts, i.e.
her mineral salts, i.e.
mineral nutrition occurs.
In the absorptive zone of the root
In the absorptive zone of the root
participation of absorbed solutions
mineral salts and
mineral salts and
organic matter,
organic matter,
from the leaves (glucose),
active chemical
active chemical
processes. Here are synthesized
complex chemical substances, from
which proteins are then built,
vitamins, growth substances
vitamins, growth substances
Most plants need
Most plants need
nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. Rest
substances are required in small
quantities.
quantities.

like plants
like plants
absorb nutrients
absorb nutrients
substances.
substances.
 Water and mineral
Water and mineral
salts go into
salts go into
plant through
plant through
root hairs. From
root hairs. From
root hair water
root hair water
goes to neighboring
goes to neighboring
cells and then
cells and then
tracheids and vessels
tracheids and vessels
roots and along them under
roots and along them under
pressure rises
pressure rises
to other organs. This
to other organs. This
the process is called
the process is called
root pressure.
root pressure.

Stoma.
Stoma.
 On the underside
On the underside
leaves in terrestrial
leaves in terrestrial
plants are arranged
plants are arranged
stomata. stomata
stomata. stomata
formed by two
formed by two
closing
closing
cells and gap
cells and gap
between them. Through
between them. Through
stomatal opening to leaf
stomatal opening to leaf
air enters and
air enters and
evaporation occurs
evaporation occurs
water.
water.

Chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts.
 Chloroplasts are
Chloroplasts are
green plastids,
green plastids,
located in
located in
pulp cells
pulp cells
sheet. Color
sheet. Color
chloroplasts
chloroplasts
depends on
depends on
contained in
contained in
them pigment -
them pigment -
chlorophyll.
chlorophyll.

Light.
Light.
 Mandatory
Compulsory
condition for life
condition for life
plants is
plants is
light. organic
light. organic
green substances
green substances
plants are capable
plants are capable
create from
create from
inorganic,
inorganic,
using light
using light
energy.
energy.

Photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis.
 Photosynthesis is
Photosynthesis is
education process
education process
organic matter
organic matter
in green leaves
in green leaves
light from the water and
light from the water and
carbon dioxide. At
carbon dioxide. At
stands out
stands out
oxygen,
oxygen,
necessary for
necessary for
breathing to all living
breathing to all living
organisms.
organisms.

Photosynthesis is on
In the light all year round
And he gives people
food and oxygen
A very important process
Photosynthesis friends.
Without him on earth
We can't get by.
Fruits, vegetables, bread,
Coal, hay, firewood -
Photosynthesis for everything
This head.
The air will be clean, fresh,
How easy it is for them to breathe!
And the ozone layer
Will protect us

Test.
Test.

1. Photosynthesis happens...
1. Photosynthesis happens...
 A) in stomata;
A) in the stomata;
 B) in the intercellular spaces;
B) in the intercellular spaces;
 B) in chloroplasts.
B) in chloroplasts.


2. In the process of photosynthesis, ...
 A) the absorption of oxygen and the release of water and carbon dioxide;
A) the absorption of oxygen and the release of water and carbon dioxide;
 B) the absorption of carbon dioxide and the formation of oxygen.
B) the absorption of carbon dioxide and the formation of oxygen.


3. Starch, formed in the leaves during photosynthesis, is ...
 A) spare nutrient supplied to all organs
A) a reserve nutrient that is supplied to all organs
plants;
plants;
 B) a by-product of metabolism released into the external environment.
B) a by-product of metabolism released into the external environment.

4. Starch, formed in the leaves during photosynthesis, is needed
plant for..
plant for..
 A) its release into the external environment;
A) its release into the external environment;
 B) supplying them with all parts of the plant
B) supply them with all parts of the plant

Answers:
Answers:
 1B; 2B; 3A; 4B.
1B; 2B; 3A; 4B.

Introducing the most Beautiful places of our country, which should be seen not only by every photographer and traveler, but also by every inhabitant of our vast Russia. Read our material and you will see: we all have something to be proud of!

Natural parks, reserves

Lena Pillars, Yakutia

The Lena Pillars is a natural park in Russia, located on the banks of the Lena River in the Khangalassky ulus of Yakutia, 104 km from the city of Pokrovsk. The complex of vertically elongated rocks stretching for many kilometers, bizarrely piled up along the banks of the Lena, a deep valley cutting through the Prilenskoe plateau, never ceases to attract photographers and travelers. The pillars reach the highest density between the villages of Petrovskoye and Tit-Ary.

The height of the rock formations reaches 100 meters. Scientists believe that the formation of rocks began 560-540 million years ago, and the formation of the Lena Pillars as a form of relief - about 400 thousand years ago.

The Lena Pillars Nature Park was organized on the basis of Decree of the President of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) dated August 16, 1994 No. 837 and government decree dated February 10, 1995 and is subordinate to the regional Ministry of Nature Protection. The area of ​​the park is 485 thousand hectares, the park consists of two branches - "Pillars" and "Sinsky".

Valley of Geysers, Kamchatka

The Valley of Geysers, one of the largest geyser fields in the world and the only one in Eurasia, is located in Kamchatka in the Kronotsky State biosphere reserve, which is on the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the natural complex "Volcanoes of Kamchatka".

The valley is a deep canyon of the Geysernaya River, on the sides of which, on an area of ​​​​about 6 square meters. km there are numerous outlets of geysers, hot springs, mud pots, thermal sites, waterfalls and lakes. This area has abnormally high biodiversity and high contrast natural conditions and microclimate. The ecosystem of the Valley of Geysers is unique for the whole country. The reserve regime operates on the territory of the valley.

Since 1992, helicopter excursions have been organized here, under an agreement with the reserve, there is a strict system of rules for organizing excursions in order to maintain the balance of the ecosystem. In 2008, according to the voting results, the Valley of Geysers was included in the list of seven wonders of Russia.

Weathering pillars, Komi Republic

Pillars of weathering (Mansi blockheads) is a geological monument located in the Troitsko-Pechora region of the Komi Republic on the territory of the Pechoro-Ilychsky reserve on Mount Man-Pupu-ner (“ small mountain idols" translated from the Mansi language), in the interfluve of the Ichotlyaga and Pechora rivers. There are many legends associated with this extraordinary place. Pillars are considered one of the seven wonders of Russia.

Weathering Pillars are located quite far from inhabited places. Getting to them is already a feat in a sense. For this, by the way, you need to get a pass from the administration of the reserve. From the side of the Sverdlovsk region and the Perm Territory there is a walking route, from the side of the Komi Republic - automobile, water and foot routes.

About 200 million years ago, there were high mountains in the place of stone pillars. Rain, snow, wind, frost and heat gradually destroyed the mountains, and first of all the weak rocks. Hard sericite-quartzite shales were less destroyed and survived to this day, while soft rocks were destroyed by weathering and carried by water and wind into relief depressions.

One pillar, 34 m high, stands somewhat apart from the others. Six others lined up at the edge of the cliff. The pillars have bizarre outlines and, depending on the place of inspection, resemble that figure. huge man, then the head of a horse or a ram. Indeed, this place is ideal for a photographer's fantasy! In the past, the Mansi deified the grandiose stone sculptures, worshiped them, but climbing the Manpupuner was considered the greatest sin.

Curonian Spit, Kaliningrad Region

curonian spit- sandy spit located on the coast Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon. It is a narrow and long strip of saber-shaped land separating the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea and stretching from the city of Zelenogradsk in the Kaliningrad region to the city of Klaipeda (Smiltyne) (Lithuania). The name of the spit comes from the name of the ancient tribes of the Curonians, who lived here before the colonization of Prussia by the Germans.

Length - 98 kilometers, width ranges from 400 meters (near the village of Lesnoy) to 3.8 kilometers (near Cape Bulviko, just north of Nida).

The Curonian Spit is a unique natural and anthropogenic landscape and an area of ​​exceptional aesthetic value: The Curonian Spit is the largest sand body, which, along with the Hel and Vistula, is part of the Baltic complex of sand spits, which has no analogues in the world. The high level of biological diversity due to the combination of different landscapes - from desert (dunes) to tundra (raised swamp) - gives an idea of ​​important and long-term ecological and biological processes in evolution.

The most significant element of the relief of the spit is a continuous strip of white sand dunes 0.3 - 1 km wide, partly approaching the highest in the world (up to 68 m). Thanks to his geographic location and orientation from the northeast to the southwest, it serves as a corridor for migratory birds of many species flying from the northwestern regions of Russia, Finland and the Baltic countries to the countries of Central and Southern Europe. Every year, in spring and autumn, 10 to 20 million birds fly over the spit, most of which stop here for rest and feeding.

Favorable climatic conditions allow you to relax on the Curonian Spit from May to November. In 2000, the Curonian Spit was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Nature reserve "Stolby". Krasnoyarsk region

The reserve is located on the northwestern spurs of the Eastern Sayan, bordering on the Central Siberian Plateau. The natural boundaries of the protected area are the right tributaries of the river. Yenisei: in the northeast - the Bazaikha river, in the south and southwest - the Mana and Bolshaya Slizneva rivers. From the northeast, the territory borders on the city of Krasnoyarsk, the border of the reserve can be reached by bus. The reserve was founded in 1925 on the initiative of the city residents to preserve natural complexes around the picturesque syenite remnants - "pillars". At present, its area is 47,219 hectares. Submitted to the UNESCO World Heritage List.

lakes

Lake Baikal, Eastern Siberia

It is unlikely that Baikal needs any descriptions, but still ... Baikal is the deepest lake on the planet, the largest natural reservoir fresh water. The lake and coastal areas are distinguished by a unique diversity of flora and fauna. locals and many in Russia traditionally call Baikal the sea.

The value of the maximum depth of the lake - 1642 m - was established in 1983 by L. G. Kolotilo and A. I. Sulimov during hydrographic work. The average depth of the lake is also very high - 744.4 m. In addition to Baikal, only two lakes on Earth have a depth of more than 1000 meters: Tanganyika (1470 m) and the Caspian Sea (1025 m). One of the visiting cards of Russia, a place that you need to see with your own eyes at least once in your life!

Lake Seliger, Tver and Novgorod regions

Another place that needs no introduction. By the way, Seliger has another name - Ostashkovskoye Lake, after the name of the city of Ostashkov standing on the lake shore. The area of ​​the lake is 260 sq. km, including about 38 sq. km. km falls on the islands (there are more than 160 of them on Seliger). The largest among them is the island of Khachin. The area of ​​the entire pool is 2275 sq. km.

Seliger receives 110 tributaries. The largest are the rivers Krapivenka, Soroga and Seremukha. Only one river Selizharovka flows from it. The lake lies at an altitude of 205 meters above sea level and is of glacial origin. This explains its peculiar shape - it is not a lake in the usual sense, but rather a chain of lakes stretching from north to south for 100 km and interconnected by short narrow channels. The coastline with a length of more than 500 km is notable for its indentation - capes overgrown with forests, deep picturesque bays protruding into the land, various in shape of the island.

The water in Seliger is clear, transparency reaches 5 meters. On the shores of the southern part of Lake Seliger are the city of Ostashkov and the estate "New Yeltsy".

Lake Kezenoy-am, Chechen Republic

Kezenoy-am is a lake on the border of the Vedeno region of the Chechen Republic and the Botlikh region of Dagestan. This is the largest and deepest lake in the North Caucasus, located at an altitude of more than 1800 meters above sea level. The surface of the lake is 2.4 sq. km.

The depth of the lake reaches 74 m. The length of the lake from north to south is 2 kilometers, and from west to east - 2.7 kilometers. The maximum width is 735 meters. Length coastline- 10 kilometers.

Lake Baskunchak

Akhtubinsky district, Astrakhan region

Baskunchak is a salt lake with an area of ​​about 115 sq. km in the Akhtubinsky district of the Astrakhan region, about 270 km north of the Caspian Sea, and 53 km east of the Volga. Lake Baskunchak is part of a unique natural complex, which includes Mount Bolshoye Bogdo. In 1997 Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky natural complex was declared a reserve (Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky Reserve), where a special environmental regime was established on an area of ​​​​53.7 thousand hectares.

On the coast of the lake there are deposits of medicinal clays. In June-August, tourists come to the lake to swim in brine and take mud baths. There is no need to talk about the beauty of these places. There are no less photographers than those wishing to improve their health.

Jack London Lake, Magadan Region

Located in the upper reaches of the Kolyma River in the Yagodninsky district of the Magadan region, lies among the mountains, at an altitude of 803 meters, the length of the lake in the north-west direction is 10 kilometers, the depth is 50 meters.

There are many small lakes around Jack London Lake. The most prominent in size are the lakes Mechta, Anemone, Gray Gull, Invisible, Neighboring, Kudinovskie lakes. One of the most beautiful and exotic lakes Far East. Old-timers say that the lake got its name thanks to unusual find made by the "discoverers". When the lake was discovered, on the shore, the researchers found Jack London's book "Martin Eden".

Lake Elton, Volgograd region

Elton is a salty drainless self-sustaining lake in the Pallasovsky district of the Volgograd region, located near the border with Kazakhstan. It is considered the largest mineral lake in Europe and one of the most mineralized in the world. They say that the name of the lake comes from the Mongolian word "Altyn-Nor" - "gold mine".

The area of ​​the lake is 152 sq. km. Until 1882, salt was mined on the Elton, in 1910 the medical sanatorium "Elton" was founded on its shore (moved to a new location in 1945). In 2001, the lake and the surrounding areas of virgin steppes (106 thousand hectares) became part of the State Institution "Natural Park" Elton "".

Blue Lakes. Cherek-Balkar Gorge, Kabardino-Balkaria

A group of five karst lakes in the Cherek region of Kabardino-Balkaria is located at the foot of a rocky ridge, from where the Cherek-Balkar gorge begins. Located at the entrance to the gorge, Blue Lake is a unique a natural phenomenon, interesting not only for Kabardino-Balkaria, but also on a national scale. Lower Blue Lake has several names: Chirik-kel (balk.) - rotten (stinking) lake; Sherej-ana (kab.) - mother of Cherek; Psykhurei (kab.) - round water (lake), natural artesian well.

The uniqueness of the Lower Blue Lake lies in the fact that with a relatively small surface (only 235 × 130 m), its depth reaches 258 meters. The water temperature on the surface in winter and summer is about +9 degrees. Not a single stream or river flows into the lake, but about 70 million liters flow out daily. At the same time, the level of the lake is unchanged, which is explained by powerful underwater sources. The blue color of the water is due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide and the refraction of light rays in a deep pool.

The nature here is quite picturesque: green hills, dense beech forests on steep slopes, and in the distance, in a blue haze, peaks sparkling in the sun. Closer to Babugent, the greenery becomes brighter, juicier. Near the village of Babugent there is a fork in the road. At the beginning of the road to the lake, there is a cave in the rock, in which traces of an ancient V-X parking centuries AD. Now there are many bats, and sometimes, in bad weather, shepherds with flocks of sheep hide.

Seydozero, Kola Peninsula, Murmansk region

Lake in the Lovozero tundra on the Kola Peninsula. "Seid" in translation from the Sami language means "sacred". The lake is located at an altitude of 189 m above sea level. The length of Seydozero is 8 km, the width is from 1.5 to 2.5 km.

According to a number of science fiction writers and ufologists, one of the alleged places of existence of the Hyperborean civilization. Seekers of the unknown have been exploring these places since 1922.

Lake (reservoir) Zyuratkul. Chelyabinsk region

Zyuratkul is located in Satka District Chelyabinsk region within the national park of the same name. One of the highest (724 m above sea level) reservoirs of the Southern Urals. The reservoir is surrounded by mountain ranges covered with dark coniferous forests. To the southwest is the Nurgush ridge - the highest ridge in the Chelyabinsk region. The main river that feeds the reservoir is the Bolshoi Kyl. Near the source of the Satka River and the dam is the small village of Zyuratkul, connected by bus with the city of Satka.

Previously, Zyuratkul was a natural lake. Now - a reservoir formed by a dam built on the Big Satka. A giant geoglyph was found near the lake. About forty stone tools made of quartzite were also found. The stone chipping technique makes it possible to date the tools to the Neolithic and Eneolithic (VI-III millennium BC). Researchers are still inclined towards the Copper-Stone Age (IV-III millennium BC). It is noted that at the time Southern Urals there were practically no forests (they appeared only 2,500 years ago), so the figure was easy to build and then view from a nearby ridge until it was covered with a layer of soil.

Until the winter of 2012, another popular attraction was located on the shores of Lake Zyuratkul - Kitova Pier, which was also called the "Ural Disneyland". But in the fall of 2012, by a court decision, it was demolished.

Mountains and volcanoes

Elbrus, Kabardino-Balkaria

Elbrus is a stratovolcano located on the border of the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. Elbrus is located north of the Greater Caucasus Range and is the highest peak in Russia. Given that the border between Europe and Asia is ambiguous, Elbrus is often also called the highest European mountain peak, thereby referring it to the list of "Seven Peaks".

The height of the western peak is 5642 m, the eastern one is 5621 m. ski resort Russia. The total area of ​​Elbrus glaciers is 134.5 sq. km. The most famous of them are: Big and Small Azau, Terskol.

Altai mountains

The Altai Mountains represent a complex system of the highest ranges in Siberia, separated by deep river valleys and vast intramountain and intermountain basins. The mountain system at the junction of the borders of Russia, Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan. It is divided into Southern Altai (Southwestern), Southeastern Altai and Eastern Altai, Central Altai, Northern and Northeastern Altai, Northwestern Altai.

The Altai, Katunsky nature reserves and the Ukok plateau together form the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Altai - Golden Mountains". Thousands of tourists come to Altai. This is a favorite place for photo tours and independent trips.

Plateau "Divnogorie", Liskinsky district, Voronezh region

"Divnogorye" - a hill and a museum-reserve in the Liskinsky district of the Voronezh region of Russia. It is located 10 km west of the district center on the right bank of the Don River and 80 km south of Voronezh. The museum was founded here in 1988, and in 1991 it received the status of a museum-reserve. Currently, the museum-reserve is one of the most popular and most recognizable sights of the Voronezh region. Every season, from May to October, it is visited by more than 60 thousand tourists.

The area of ​​the museum-reserve is more than 11 sq. km. Max Height the plateau above sea level reaches 181 meters, relative - 103 meters (the mouth of the Quiet Pine River at the confluence with the Don, which flows at the foot of the plateau, is located at an altitude of 78 m above sea level).

Dombay-Ulgen, Karachay-Cherkess Republic

Dombay-Ulgen is the peak of the western part of the Dividing Range of the Greater Caucasus (on the border of Abkhazia and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic). Dombay-Ulgen is the highest peak of Abkhazia, located east of the village of Dombay, has three peaks: western (4036 m), main (4046 m) and eastern (3950 m).

A steep ridge extends from the main peak to the north, ending in a lowering - the "Dombay saddle". From the Dombai saddle, there is a classic route (category 3B) going up, accessible for climbing in one day with a descent to the camp.

Putorana Plateau, Krasnoyarsk Territory

The Putorana Plateau is a mountain range located in the northwest of the Central Siberian Plateau. In the north and west, the plateau breaks off with a steep ledge (800 m or more), while the southern and eastern parts are characterized by gentle slopes. The maximum height of the plateau is 1701 m, among the highest peaks are the Kamen (1701 m), Holokit (1542 m), Kotuyskaya (1510 m) mountains. In the north, the Putorana Plateau borders on the Taimyr Peninsula. The name Putorana, translated from Evenki, means "lakes with steep banks."

The area of ​​the plateau is 250 thousand square kilometers, which is comparable to the territory of Great Britain. On the territory of the plateau is the Putoransky State Natural Reserve, recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

Marble canyon Ruskeala, Republic of Karelia, Ruskeala village

Mountain Park "Ruskeala" is a tourist complex located in the Sortavalsky district of the Republic of Karelia, near the village of Ruskeala. The main object of the complex is a former marble quarry filled with groundwater.

The quarries, discovered by pastor Alopeus, began to be developed at the beginning of the reign of Catherine II. The first developments were led by Captain Kozhin, who was advised by Italian experts. Today, the length of the quarry from north to south is 460 meters, the width is up to 100 meters. The distance from the highest point of the quarry wall to its bottom is over 50 meters. The transparency of water reaches 15-18 meters.

Ruskeala marble was used in the construction of the most beautiful and significant buildings in St. Petersburg and its palace suburbs. St. Isaac's Cathedral was lined with it, the floors of the Kazan Cathedral were laid out, the window sills of the Hermitage were made, the windows of the Marble Palace and the facade of the Mikhailovsky Castle were framed, as well as the underground halls of the Primorskaya and Ladozhskaya stations of the St. Petersburg metro. In 2010, a significant part of the filming of the film "The Dark World" took place in Ruskeala.

Eastern and Western Sayans. Eastern Siberia

Eastern and Western Sayans - a common name for two mountain systems in southern Siberia. They distinguish the Western Sayan (length 650 km, height up to 3971 m - Mount Mongun-Taiga, which is the top of the ridge of the same name - the highest peak Eastern Siberia, however, more often this ridge is not attributed to the Sayans, but is isolated into a separate mountain system- mountains of Tuva), consisting of leveled and peaked ridges, on which there is no glaciation, separated by intermountain basins, and the Eastern Sayan (length about 1000 km, height up to 3491 m - Mount Munku-Sardyk) with typical mid-mountain ridges bearing glaciers. The rivers belong to the Yenisei basin. Mountain taiga prevails on the slopes, turning into mountain tundra.

The Western Sayan in the southwestern part borders on Altai. Its main ridge is the Dividing Sayan Range with the highest point - Mount Kyzyl-Taiga (3121 m). The ridges of the Western Sayan are characterized by steep slopes, indented relief, and vast areas of stone placers. The height of the ridges in the west does not exceed 2500-3000 m, in the east it decreases to 2000 m.

The Eastern Sayan stretches almost at right angles to the Western. Its ridges form a system of “white mountains” (Manskoye, Kanskoye) and “squirrels”, which got their name because of the snow on the peaks that does not melt all year round. In the central part, in the upper reaches of the Kazyr and Kizir rivers, several ridges form a "knot" with the highest point - Grandiose Peak (2982 m). In the southeast there are the highest and hardest-to-reach ridges - Big Sayan, Tunkinskiye Goltsy, Kitoyskiye Goltsy, Kropotkin. The highest point of the Eastern Sayan - Munku-Sardyk (3491 m) is located in the ridge of the same name. Between the Sayan ridges there are more than a dozen basins of various sizes and depths, the most famous of which is the Abakan-Minusinsk basin, known for its archaeological sites. It is worth noting a large number of waterfalls.

Almost everywhere in the Sayans, dark coniferous taiga spruce-cedar-fir forests prevail, rising in the western and central parts to altitudes of 1500–1800 m and more; light deciduous-cedar forests form the upper border of the forest at altitudes of 2000–2500 m. Animal world as rich as vegetable. The largest city located in the Sayans is Krasnoyarsk.

Mountains of Shikhany. Republic of Bashkortostan

Shikhany - isolated hills in the Bashkir Cis-Urals, consisting of four single mountains: Tratau, Shakhtau, Yuraktau and Kushtau, which form a narrow chain stretched along the Belaya River for 20 km. Shikhany are located near the cities of Sterlitamak and Ishimbay. They are unique monuments of nature - the remains barrier reef formed in the warm sea of ​​the early Permian period. The imprints of ancient plants and animals have been preserved in the stones of which these shikhans are made.

The highest shihan is Tratau (or Toratau). Its height is 402 meters above sea level, and its relative height is 280 meters. At its foot, the ruins of a women's prison, one of the islands of the Gulag archipelago, have been preserved. Shikhan Tratau flaunts on the coat of arms of the city of Ishimbay, is a symbol of the Ishimbay region of Bashkiria. In the past, this mountain was considered sacred.

Volcano Krenitsyn. Sakhalin Region, Onekotan Island

An active volcano on the Onekotan Island of the Great Kuril Ridge. The largest two-tiered "volcano within a volcano" in the world is located in the southern part of Onekotan Island. The height of the volcano is 1324 m.

The volcanic cone rises in the form of an island inside Lake Koltsevoe lying at an altitude of 400 m (diameter about 7 km). The lake is surrounded by somma - the walls of the more ancient Tao-Rusyr caldera (heights 540–920 m with a base diameter of 16–17 km).

Only one historical eruption is known, which happened in 1952.

Volcano Tyatya, Kuril Islands

An active volcano on the Kunashir Island of the Great Kuril Ridge, on the territory of the Kuril Reserve. In geographical terms, Tyatya is a stratovolcano of the somma-vesuvius type ("volcano in a volcano"). The height reaches 1819 m (the highest point of Kunashir; in 1977 and subsequent years, the southeastern part of the edge of the summit crater collapsed and most of the material collapsed into the northeastern crater. As a result, the total height of the volcano decreased by about 30-50 meters and is currently probably less than 1800 meters above sea level).

The height of the somma is 1485 m, it has a regular truncated cone with a diameter of 15–18 km at the base and up to 2.5 km at the annular ridge. The foot slopes of the volcano are decorated with coniferous-broad-leaved forests with bamboo and thickets of stone birch and elfin cedar. In the forests at the foot you can often meet a bear. The path to the volcano is difficult, but most tourists get to the volcano from Yuzhno-Kurilsk.

caves

Orda cave, Perm region

Orda Cave is located on the southwestern outskirts of the village of Orda in the Perm Territory, on the left bank of the Kungur River. Consists of "dry" and underwater parts. The length of the dry part is 300 meters, underwater - 4600 meters. To date, the Ordinskaya cave is the longest flooded cave in Russia. In addition, part of the cave is the longest siphon in the CIS - 935 meters.

The cave is ranked 21st among the longest gypsum caves in the world. Famous photographer Viktor Lyagushkin dedicated a whole photo project to Orda Cave.

Kungur cave, Perm region

This is one of the most popular attractions in Siberia and the Urals, a natural monument of all-Russian significance. The cave is in Perm region, on the right bank of the Sylva River on the outskirts of the city of Kungur in the village of Filippovka, 100 km from Perm.

A unique geological monument - one of the largest karst caves in the European part of Russia, the seventh longest gypsum cave in the world. The length of the cave is about 5700 m, of which 1.5 km is equipped for tourists. average temperature air in the center of the cave +5 °C, relative humidity in the center of the cave - 100%. The Kungur cave contains 58 grottoes, 70 lakes, 146 t. "organ pipes" (the highest - in the Etheric grotto, 22 m) - high shafts, reaching almost to the surface.

Architecture

Leaning tower of Nevyansk. Sverdlovsk region, city of Nevyansk

Not everyone knows that we in Russia have our own kind of Leaning Tower of Pisa - an inclined tower in the center of Nevyansk, built in the first half of the 18th century by order of Akinfiy Demidov.

The height of the tower is 57.5 meters, the base is a square with a side of 9.5 m. The deviation of the tower from the vertical is about 1.85 m, and the greatest slope is observed at lower tier(3° 16"). The exact date of construction of the tower is unknown, different sources give dates in the range from 1721 to 1745.

The tower is a massive quadrangle with 3 octagonal tiers built on top. Inside the tower is divided into several levels - floors.

The purpose of the first floor is not exactly established. Demidov's office was located on the second floor, and during the Soviet era there was a prison in it. On the third floor there was a laboratory: traces of silver and gold were found in the soot taken from the chimneys of furnaces. According to one version, Demidov minted counterfeit money here. According to another, here Demidov, secretly from the state treasury, smelted silver and gold, which was mined in his mines in Altai.

Even higher is the so-called "auditory room". Its peculiarity is that standing in one corner of the room, you can clearly hear what they say in the opposite corner. The effect observed in the room is associated with the special shape of the ceiling - it is vaulted and at the same time slightly flattened.

On the seventh and eighth floors there are chiming chimes created by the English watchmaker Richard Phelps in 1730. The tower is completed by a roof and a metal spire with a weather vane hoisted on it, made of perforated iron, in which the noble coat of arms of the Demidovs is engraved.

There is a legend saying that the tower tilted due to the flooding of the cellars with all the workers who minted counterfeit money. By Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 1327 of August 30, 1960, the tower was included in the list of historical monuments to be protected as monuments of national importance.

Ivolginsky datsan. Republic of Buryatia, the village of Verkhnyaya Ivolga

Ivolginsky datsan is a large Buddhist monastic complex, the center of the Buddhist traditional Sangha of Russia, which is the largest Buddhist community in Buryatia. One of the brightest monuments of Russian history and architecture. Located in the village of Verkhnyaya Ivolga, 36 km from the center of Ulan-Ude.

The swallow nest. Republic of Crimea

Among all the sights of Crimea, it is not easy to choose one thing. But we decided to stop at one of the most inspiring places. The Swallow's Nest is a monument of architecture and history, located on a sheer 40-meter Aurora cliff of Cape Ai-Todor in the village of Gaspra (Yalta City Council).

The structure resembles a medieval knight's castle like the Belem tower or the Miramare villa near Trieste. The first wooden building on this site was erected for a retired Russian general after the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878; it can be seen on the canvases of famous marine painters: I. K. Aivazovsky, L. F. Lagorio, A. P. Bogolyubov, and also in photographs of the time.

The second owner of this amazing dacha was the court physician A. K. Tobin. There is also very little information about him. After his death, the house was owned by a widow for some time, who sold the plot to the Moscow merchant Rakhmanina. She demolished the old building, and soon a wooden castle appeared, which she called "Swallow's Nest".

The Swallow's Nest got its present form thanks to the oil industrialist Baron Steingel, who liked to relax in the Crimea. Steingel acquired on the Aurora rock country cottage area and decided to build a romantic castle there, which resembles medieval buildings on the banks of the Rhine. The project of the new house was commissioned to engineer and sculptor Leonid Sherwood, son of architect Vladimir Sherwood, author Historical Museum on Red Square in Moscow.

At the beginning of World War I, the estate was bought by the Moscow merchant P. Shelaputin, who opened a restaurant in the castle. In the 1930s, there was a reading room of the local Rest House, but the premises were recognized as emergency and closed.

In 1927, the Swallow's Nest was damaged during a strong earthquake. It was not until 1967–1968 that repairs were made. In addition to the monolithic slab, the entire structure was surrounded by anti-seismic belts. The tower, increased in height, acquired more decorative effect thanks to four spiers. In 2013, cracks were discovered in the foundation slab, and in the autumn the visit was suspended for design work for reconstruction - strengthening the rock.

And 6 more amazing places:

Chara Sands, Trans-Baikal Territory

Chara Sands is a tract in the Kalarsky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory, which is a sandy massif about 10 km by 5 km in size. The Chara sands are located in the basin of the same name, in the foothills of the Kodar ridge, 9 kilometers from the village of Chara, between the valleys of the Chara, Middle Sakukan and Upper Sakukan rivers. The massif is a geological monument of nature of the geomorphological type of federal rank.

BAM station Novaya Chara is 10 kilometers away. The massif is elongated from the southwest to the northeast and occupies an area of ​​about 50 sq. km. There are no such large massifs of free-flowing moving sands in any basin of Transbaikalia. The Chara sands look like deserts Central Asia. The vegetation is slightly different from the taiga: there are areas with larch, dwarf birch and moisture-loving dwarf pine. In the northeastern part of the tract there are two small lakes - Alyonushka and Tayozhnoye.

Avacha Bay, Kamchatka Territory

Avacha Bay is a large non-freezing bay of the Pacific Ocean near the south-east coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, it is the main transport "gateway" of the Kamchatka Territory. The main advantage of the bay is that it is one of the largest bays in the world: it can accommodate any ship in the world!

The length of the bay is 24 kilometers, the width at the entrance is 3 kilometers, the total area of ​​the water surface is 215 sq. km. Depth up to 26 meters. The Avacha and Paratunka rivers flow into the bay. The cities of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Vilyuchinsk are located along the shores of the bay. The bay is the main base Pacific Fleet Russia in Kamchatka.

A kind of symbol of the bay and its attraction are the Three Brothers rocks, located at the exit to the open Avacha Bay.

Commander Islands. Aleutsky District, Kamchatka Territory

Commander Islands - an archipelago of four islands in the southwestern part of the Bering Sea of ​​the Pacific Ocean, administratively part of the Aleutsky District of the Kamchatka Territory of Russia. The islands are named after the navigator Commander Vitus Bering, who discovered them in 1741. On the largest of them - Bering Island - there is a grave of a navigator. Commander Islands - a place of mixing of Russian and Aleutian cultures. They have great potential for the development of northern tourism.

Patomsky crater. Irkutsk region

Patomsky crater - a cone of crushed limestone blocks on the slope of a mountain in the Patomsky Highlands in the Irkutsk region. Discovered in 1949 by geologist Vadim Viktorovich Kolpakov. Among the local population it is called the "Nest of the Fiery Eagle", also known as the "Kolpakov's Cone", "Dzhebulda Crater", "Yavaldinsky Crater".

This is a geological object unique in its characteristics, which is a ring structure of the central type with a bulk cone composed of limestone and other rocks. The Patom crater was formed over a long period of time about 500 years ago.

The diameter of the crater along the ridge is 76 m. The cone is crowned with a flat top, which is an annular shaft. In the center of the funnel there is a hill up to 12 m high. The total volume of the cone is estimated at 230-250 thousand cubic meters, the mass is about a million tons.

Agura waterfalls. City of Sochi, Krasnodar Territory

Cascade of waterfalls located on the Agura River in the Khostinsky district of Sochi. The distance from the Black Sea coast is 4 km. Further up the river - the Middle waterfall, then the Upper.

The Lower Agur waterfall is the first and most interesting of the three large waterfalls on the Agura River. It consists of two cascades: the lower one is 18 m high and the upper one is 12 m high. Under it is a wide and deep pool of blue water. From the Devil's hole canyon to the Lower waterfall is approximately 1.5 km. Behind the first waterfall, a series of stairs and rises lead up through 500 m to the Middle Agur waterfall - 23 meters, and then to the Upper - 21 meters waterfall. Near the Upper waterfall, to the left of the path, there are rocks called Eagles.

Vasyugan swamps. Tomsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions

Some of the largest swamps in the world are located in Western Siberia, between the Ob and Irtysh rivers, on the territory of the Vasyugan plain, which is mostly within the Tomsk region, and in small parts - the Novosibirsk and Omsk regions and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

The swamp area is 53 thousand square meters. km (for comparison: the area of ​​Switzerland is 41 thousand sq. km), the length from west to east is 573 km, from north to south - 320 km.

Vasyugan swamps arose about 10 thousand years ago and have been constantly increasing since then - 75% of their modern area was swamped less than 500 years ago. Marshes are the main source of fresh water in the region (water reserves - 400 cubic km), there are about 800 thousand small lakes, many rivers originate from swamps, in particular: Ava, Bakchar, Big Yugan, Vasyugan, Demyanka, etc. d.

Vasyugan swamps are home to numerous local fauna, including rare ones. Of the rare species of animals in the swamps, in particular, reindeer, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, osprey, gray shrike, peregrine falcon. Squirrels, elks, sables, wood grouses, white partridges, hazel grouses, black grouses are present in significant quantities, mink, otter, wolverine are in smaller quantities. The flora also includes rare and endangered plant species and plant communities. Cranberries, blueberries, and cloudberries are widely distributed among wild plants.

Now animal and vegetable world swamps is under threat due to the development of the territory during the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas fields.

In preparing the article, materials from Wikipedia were used.

Happy travels!

The nature of Russia is our main wealth. In our country there is both the highest mountain in Europe, and the most big forest, and the largest swamp, there is pink lake and the most unusual desert.

1. Baikal

Baikal is the deepest lake in the world (1642 meters). It ranks first in the world among fresh lakes in terms of fresh water volume (19% of world reserves). There is more of it than in all five Great Lakes combined. If suddenly all the water on Earth disappears, Baikal will be able to provide water to humanity for five years.

2. Valley of Geysers

There are about 100 geysers in the Valley of Geysers, 20 of them are large. They are not inferior in size to the hot springs of Iceland, Yellowstone National Park and New Zealand. Their uniqueness lies in the fact that they are located in a small area (only 5 km along the Geysernaya River).

3. Krasnoyarsk pillars

There is such a phenomenon - "stolbism" - a fanatical desire to conquer Krasnoyarsk rock climbing without insurance. The pillars are located 3-7 km from Krasnoyarsk, there are more than a hundred of them and each has its own name. Their age is 500 million years.
Their height reaches 90 meters. The uniqueness of the pillars is that a reserve was created here back in 1925, on the territory of which there are about 1300 species of plants, 58 species of mammals, 199 species of birds. Every year about 200 thousand tourists come to admire the Krasnoyarsk pillars.

4. Vasyugan swamps

This is the world's largest swamp system in the north of the Tomsk region on a plateau between the Ob and the Irtysh. The swamps are 10 thousand years old. The area is more than 53 thousand km², the length of the swamps from west to east is 573 kilometers.

Every year the swamp captures new territories. It is a source of water, a reservoir of oil and gas, peat, an area of ​​untouched nature inhabited by rare species birds and animals.

5. Forest Komi

The primeval forest of Komi became the first natural object Russia, recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. This is a huge untouched natural massif (15% of the territory of the Komi Republic).
The uniqueness of the forest is that nature here has retained its original appearance. Not so long ago, gold deposits were discovered in the Komi forest. But the state decided that the virgin forest is more expensive than gold, so its production was frozen.

6. Vottovaara

A mountain in Karelia is called the "Russian Stonehenge". There are megaliths, lakes, bizarre trees and even a stone staircase. "Stonehenge" Vottovaara is called because of the seids, huge stones that are located here.
There are several versions of their appearance. According to one of them, the sinking of the glacier led to such an arrangement of stones, according to another, the reason is the earthquake that occurred here BC. Some scholars believe that seids are of artificial origin and had a cult purpose among the Sami.

7. Pillars of weathering

Weathering pillars on Mount Manpupuner in Komi are also called "Mansi Balvans". These are 7 rocks from 32 to 42 meters high. They are called weathering pillars because 200 million ago there were mountains here, over time they collapsed, exposing the remnants hard rock. Previously, these stone statues were worshiped by the Mansi, today the pillars are a unique and hard-to-reach geological monument.

8. Elbrus

Elbrus is a volcano in the western part of the Caucasus Range, which has been inactive for about 2 thousand years. Its height is 5642 meters. This is the most high mountain Caucasus, the highest mountain in Europe and the highest point in Russia.
Elbrus is covered by 23 glaciers, the area of ​​which is more than 130 square kilometers. Elbrus feeds almost the entire North Caucasus with water. Its glaciers give life to three large rivers - Kuban, Malka and Baksan.

9. Lena Pillars

Lena Pillars are located just 140 km from Yakutsk (for those places this is a trifling distance). In their present form, they appeared 400 thousand years ago, as a result of the rise of the Siberian platform, which made river valleys deeper.
Some of the pillars reach a height of 150 meters. For geologists, the Lena Pillars are a real find: among these rocks, many rare fossils of extinct animals are found, for example, a mammoth, a woolly rhinoceros, a Lena horse.

10. Putorana Plateau

The Putorana Plateau is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The name, translated from Evenki, means "lakes with steep banks". Its length is almost 500 km, and its area is 250 thousand km², which is comparable to the size of Great Britain. The city closest to the plateau, Norilsk, is located 300 km from it.
The Putorana Plateau is a unique nature reserve. There are 25 thousand lakes and a lot of animals, which is not typical for these northern latitudes. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

11. Curonian Spit

The Curonian Spit is an almost 100-kilometer narrow strip of land that separates the Curonian Lagoon from the rest of the Baltic Sea. And on it - dunes. Drifting dunes on the Curonian Spit are the highest in Europe (from 30 to 60 meters). Every spring and autumn, 10 to 20 million birds fly over the coma. The Curonian Spit is also unique for its “dancing forests”. Since 2000, the Curonian Spit has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

12. Kungur cave

The Kungur ice cave is one of the largest in the world and the only cave in Russia specially equipped for excursions. It is located in the Urals, between Perm and Yekaterinburg.

Age of Kungur ice cave almost 10-12 thousand years. The total length of the corridors is about 6000 meters, and the length of the tourist route is 1.5 km. The cave has 58 halls and about 70 lakes. Some grottoes reach 50-100 meters in length and 20 meters in height.

13. Lake Trinity

You can’t swim in Troitskoye Lake on the Maly Semyachik volcano - it has a very high concentration of sulfur and acid. This "water" can even corrode the aluminum blades of the oars. This lake is very bright color- bright green - due to the combination of hydrogen particles with acids.
Due to cracks in the bottom, the depth of Trinity Lake is constantly changing. The temperature also varies - from 20 to 60 degrees.

14. Caldera Uzon

The Uzon caldera in Kamchatka is a unique natural monument and an object of biogeocenosis. There is a rich flora and fauna, but the local lakes are especially impressive. One of them is filled with weak sulfuric acid, mercury and sulfur are released around the others. Literally before our eyes, minerals are formed. The most interesting thing is that these lakes are also inhabited, acid-producing bacteria live in sulfuric lakes, and archaea, one of the oldest forms of life, and thionic bacteria live in others.

15. Lake Elton

Elton is a drainless self-sustaining lake in the Pallas district of the Volgograd region, the largest salt lake in Europe with medicinal brine and mud. The largest mineral lake in Europe by area. Its mineralization is 1.5 times higher than in the Dead Sea. Due to the algae Dunaliella salina contained in the water, the color of the lake is reddish. Since the time of Ivan the Terrible, Elton has been used to extract salt.

16. Waterfall Zeygalan

Waterfall in Zeygalan North Ossetia- the highest waterfall in Europe. Its height is more than 600 meters. Most Europeans, however, do not even know about it and consider the Swiss Reinfals waterfall to be the highest. Zeygalan, originates in one of the gorges at an altitude of 4000 meters. Geologists say that this unique natural circus, on the slopes of which waterfalls are born, is the mouth of an ancient volcano.

17. Proval Lake

The unique and one of a kind Lake Proval is located inside the laccolith mountain Mashuk in Pyatigorsk. The diameter of the cave in the form of a tapering funnel with a lake at the bottom is as much as 15 meters at its widest point, and its height is 41 meters.
Due to the sulfur and bacteria contained in the water, the water in the lake is bright turquoise. Its temperature fluctuates from 26 degrees above zero.

18. Rotten Mountain

Rotten Mountain - the largest mud volcano (blevak) in the Russian Caucasus. It is located near Temryuk. Of course, it can be called a mountain with some exaggeration. This plateau is more than a kilometer in diameter, and on it are cones and vents.
Despite the not-too-appetizing name, the dirt of the Rotten Mountain Blewak is not only safe (their temperature is not more than 14 degrees), but also healing.

19. Crater Lake Elgygytgyn

Elgygytgyn means "non-freezing". This Chukchi lake is unique in that it has never been frozen over in all 3 and a half million years of its history. Therefore, its bottom sediments are indispensable soil samples for scientists that can tell about the geological history. In this regard, Elgygytgyn has no analogues in the world.

slide 2

In Russia, Lake Baikal is the deepest and largest in area.

slide 3

Baikal is the largest freshwater lake in Eurasia. The basin is tectonic (Baikal rift). During the construction of the Irkutsk reservoir, the level was raised by 0.8 m, but this had little effect on the area: the banks are steep. The deepest lake in the world. Until the end of the 1950s they gave a depth of 1741 m on maps and in textbooks, then it was recognized as erroneous and they began to indicate 1620 m. recent times, making ever new corrections to the readings of the instruments, give the values ​​\u200b\u200bof 1632, 1637 and 1642 m; the last figure is confirmed by studies carried out by reputable scientific organizations; we will accept it.

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The most “frozen” of the large lakes in Russia is Lake Taimyr

Ice lies on it for ten months of the year. In places, the lake freezes to the bottom. Even in summer, at the very warm time, the water temperature in the lake does not rise above 5-7 degrees.

slide 6

The most "changeable" river in the direction is ...