MSW treatment - what is it in the receipt? Solid municipal waste. Municipal waste: all about the new rules for garbage collection

In previous articles, we talked about the rights and obligations of the contractor and consumer of public services for the treatment of MSW.

Today we will talk about formulas for calculating the amount of payment for a utility service for the treatment of MSW. Section II (1) with these formulas in the RF GD N 354 was introduced by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 27, 2017 N 232.

The procedure for calculating before the adoption of MSW standards

The regions of the Russian Federation no later than September 1, 2017 must approve the standards for the accumulation of MSW. Until they do this, the garbage collection fee must be calculated according to the formulas 9 (3), 9 (4) and 9 (6) from Appendix No. 2 to the RF PP No. 354. These formulas take into account the volume of exported containers.

The first and second formulas will be needed to calculate the amount of payment for MSW for residential premises. For the first formula, it is important to know the number of citizens who live in the premises, whether permanently or temporarily, and the volume of containers taken out.

The second formula differs from the first in that it requires information about the total area of ​​the room.

The third formula is needed to calculate the fee for the utility service for the treatment of MSW in non-residential premises.

The procedure for calculating after the adoption of MSW standards

From September 1, 2017, the calculation of the amount of payment for the utility service for the treatment of MSW must be carried out according to the standard. There are four months until September 1, enough time, but, according to the established tradition, there will be regions that will not have time to set standards.

We propose to solve problems as they become available and talk about what to do if the standard is not approved after September 1.

The first group of formulas is intended for living quarters. Formula 9(1) takes into account the number of citizens who permanently or temporarily live in the premises.

In the second formula, the calculation of the fee is based on the total area based on the MSW accumulation standards.

After the adoption of the standards, it will be necessary to calculate the fee for non-residential premises according to the following formula.

The main composition of MSW is garbage from residential premises, in the legal interpretation these are goods that have lost their value. It does not matter who the owner of the waste is: an individual or a legal entity.

The removal of MSW (municipal solid waste) takes place according to general scheme: transport and a container for collecting garbage are served, filled and transported to the place of sorting, burial, processing or destruction.

Features of MSW removal in Moscow

Standard MSW removal in Moscow looks like a one-time order or a permanent contract with an organization. It is possible to supply containers to the sites and replace them as they are filled or according to the schedule. You can also order the services of workers and loaders for collecting garbage, dismantling structures.

Benefits of Sanitarim

Sanitarym specialists take out the garbage 24/7. At the same time, lawyers take into account the subtleties of the legislation, they know how to correctly draw up accompanying and payment documents. Nothing has changed for customers - you can still order MSW removal around the clock, from any district of Moscow, choose a container, Additional services and convenient payment option.

MSW waste is an abbreviation that has emerged relatively recently. Somewhat earlier in the conversation, as well as in documents, this type of waste was referred to as MSW (solid biological waste).

In addition to changing the abbreviation and list of MSW waste, the Federal Law introduced changes to the methods of waste disposal. We will talk about everything in more detail in the article.

What it is?

Solid municipal waste - decoding of MSW waste. The concept was officially established by the Law of the Federation of December 29, 2014 No. 458-FZ.

Based on the content of this Federal Law, MSW is all those wastes that are generated and accumulated in residential premises as a result of human activity, as well as consumer goods that have lost their shelf life. Also, according to the legislation, garbage, which is formed as a result of the activities of persons of legal specifics, was classified as municipal solid waste. individual entrepreneurs.

Thus, we can conclude that MSW is the garbage that is generated as a result of human activities, enterprises and organizations.

Varieties of MSW

Waste related to MSW is divided into 2 categories:

• biological - those that are also called garbage;
• non-biological - common household waste.

Consequently, municipal solid waste includes most of the urban waste. Biological MSW is food and vegetable waste, bones, etc. Non-biological waste is synthetic waste (glass, plastic, cellulose, textiles, polyethylene, etc.)

Differences between MSW and MSW

MSW - municipal solid waste. MSW - solid biological waste. The first concept officially, according to the established law, supplanted the second. Therefore, MSW remained only in colloquial speech, it no longer appears in the documentation.

MSW waste is a broader concept than household waste. The thing is that MSW includes not only waste that is regularly taken out of residential buildings and apartments, but also garbage that accumulates in offices and enterprises during the working day.

MSW and MSW carry the same meaning, so there is nothing to worry about ordinary person to confuse these 2 concepts. Importance these abbreviations are for enterprises and organizations involved in the collection and disposal of garbage near residential buildings and industrial buildings. After all, these enterprises work with documentation in which only the reduction of MSW appears.

Prior to the actions of Federal Law No. 438, payment for garbage collection consisted of the status of the premises - residential or non-residential, as well as the number of square meters. After the entry into force of this law, the payment for the garbage collection service depends on the status of the consumer - an individual or a legal entity.

The fact is that ordinary residents of apartments and houses accumulate and take out much less garbage than that obtained from enterprises and offices. Of course, the payment of the first will be much less than the second.

Thus, MSW and MSW are practically equivalent concepts. Only the first remained colloquial, while the second appears in documents and reports.

What kind of waste is classified as MSW according to FKKO?

A whole section is devoted to MSW waste in the Federal Classification Catalogue. In block number 7, you can find the categories to which this or that type of garbage belongs.

7 (30 000 00 00 0) - catalog number dedicated to municipal solid waste. The following is an "extract" from the FKKO, which reflects the lists of the main types of garbage:

This is not a complete list of MSW waste from FKKO. But already looking at a short excerpt from the catalog, you can see a lot of repetition with minor clarifications. There is no significant difference in this, except for differences in hazard categories.

Some types of MSW also belong to some other sections of the classification catalog: section No. 4 "Production and non-production consumption waste".

Collection rules

MSW waste is garbage that is subject to certain handling rules. All these rules are spelled out in the official document "On the treatment of MSW" dated November 12, 2016 No. 1156.

MSW waste management: collection, removal, disposal is carried out by a specially appointed regional organization who is fully responsible for the actions taken.

Places for collecting garbage from residential premises are declared in an agreement concluded with such a regional organization. Most often, waste collection is carried out:

• in single-use containers or packages provided by the given regional organization;
• in containers, bins or other large containers placed on a specially designed site on the street;
• in the waste collection chambers located in residential buildings.

This applies to small waste. Larger ones are collected in the following places:

• in special bunkers located on the sites;
• in a designated area.

The main thing, while observing the rules of handling, is the separation of waste of hazard classes 1 and 2 from safe ones.

Disposal methods

There are several ways to dispose of municipal solid waste:

• burial;
• burning;
• composting;
• recycling.

burial

Disposal of MSW waste is the most financially advantageous way to get rid of garbage. Profitable financially, but detrimental to environment, since many types of MSW do not decompose at all, or it will take several tens, and possibly hundreds of years. In addition, burial requires the use of vast areas of land. For this, a special landfill is allocated for burial.

Landfills must be located behind residential areas, as well as away from water protection, recreational, medical and preventive, park areas.

Some recycled and landfilled wastes can release dangerous gases that can harm the environment. Such landfill gas also needs to be collected and disposed of.

Thus, we can conclude that burial has only one advantage over other methods of MSW disposal - cheapness.

Burning

Incineration of MSW waste is the most common method of disposal. After burning garbage, only ash remains from it, which is easier to eliminate than the original form of municipal solid waste.

The disadvantage of incineration is that a large amount of harmful and even dangerous substances are released into the atmosphere during combustion. Therefore, it is forbidden to carry out the process of recycling a huge amount of garbage in this way in the open. To do this, use special furnaces that have the function of neutralizing the emitted gases.

The advantages of this method of MSW disposal include small financial costs, as well as the fact that after incineration, nothing remains from garbage but ash, which is easy to dispose of. If the process of waste incineration is rationally approached, then the generated heat can be used to produce heating and/or electricity.

One of the methods of safe waste incineration - pyrolysis - has been developed. Its essence lies in the thermal elimination of waste, but without the presence of air. Thus, no harmful gases and fumes are formed in the process and no harmful gases and fumes are emitted.

Composting

Composting is only applicable to vegetable or food waste, as composting is nothing but decomposition. Organic waste collected together is exposed to microorganisms, which, by their activity, turn the waste into compost.

Compost is considered the most the best view fertilizers, since it consists exclusively of organic raw materials. This type of fertilizer is widely used in agriculture.

For MSW composting, a piece of land remote from residential areas is allocated, where there is a lot of moisture and shade, and there is also the possibility of removing excess moisture.

If we judge the advantages of this method, then there are several of them:

• safety for the environment;
• cheapness;
• getting something useful Agriculture fertilizers;
• improving the condition of the land on which the composting process is carried out.

There are few disadvantages:

• allocation of a large area of ​​land;
• an unpleasant odor released during the decay process.

With the help of composting, it is possible to safely dispose of 35% of the total amount of MSW. But in order for this recycling process to go smoothly, it is required to sort organic waste from synthetic. To do this, some yards install separate containers for plastic, glass, etc. In European countries, this has been practiced for a long time.

In Russia, there is an active collection system for used batteries, old light bulbs, used mercury thermometers.

Recycling

Some MSW waste can find a "second life". For this, a recycling method is used. This method allows not only several times to reduce the amount of waste, but also significantly save natural resources.

The following types of waste are subject to recycling:

• ferrous and non-ferrous metals, which are sent under pressure and then for remelting;
• wood, which helps reduce tree cutting;
• plastic, but the recycling of this material is much more expensive than its primary production;
• glass, which is recycled for use in construction;
• oil products (oils, asphalt);
• waste paper that goes to the manufacture of new paper;
• used electronics.

Hazard Class

The vast majority of waste related to MSW have hazard classes 4 and 5. Class 5 includes the most environmentally friendly waste, class 4 - low-hazard.

When disposing of the 5th class of waste, no official confirmations and drawing up a passport for garbage are required. This type of MSW waste includes saw cuts and log cabins of trees, bush branches, leaves, garbage collected from park and alley areas. All this can be exported and liquidated without licenses and other documents.

On January 1, 2016, the most important changes made to the legislation on production and consumption waste came into force. However the regulatory framework was not ready for innovations. So, for example, there was the date of entry into force of the requirement for a license has been postponed for waste management activities from January 1 to July 1, 2016, the coefficient of 0.3 used in calculating the fee for NVOS (in terms of waste disposal) was returned and clarified. Legislative provisions are now formulated in such a way that after July 1, 2016, any business entity that interacts with intermediaries, accepting waste from them, for the purpose of transportation, processing, disposal, neutralization, accommodation.

Let us dwell briefly on municipal solid waste (hereinafter referred to as MSW). Federal Law No. 458-FZ of December 29, 2014 (as amended on November 28, 2015) for the first time introduced a new concept of “municipal solid waste” (MSW) and provided for special rules for handling them.

Municipal solid waste- waste generated in residential premises in the process of consumption by individuals, as well as goods that have lost their consumer properties in the process of their use by individuals in residential premises in order to meet personal and domestic needs. Municipal solid waste also includes waste generated in the course of activities legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and similar in composition waste generated in residential premises in the process of consumption by individuals.

In our opinion, it seems that the latter type of MSW can include solid consumer waste (food and packaging waste, containers, waste paper, household and office waste and other similar types of waste) generated during the operation of retail outlets, public catering facilities, housing and communal enterprises , other institutions.

Thus, in the federal legislation, the most important for the development of the waste management services market are now fixed. duties of citizens- MSW owners. Attempts to consolidate this obligation were made earlier in the form of various legislative initiatives, incl. and at the local level, but this case The legislator adopted comprehensive changes that consolidated the system of norms establishing new rules for the treatment of municipal solid waste.

Note that on January 1, 2016, paragraph 5 of Art. 30 of the Housing Code Russian Federation, according to which the owner of a residential building or part thereof must ensure the treatment of MSW by concluding an agreement with a regional operator for the treatment of MSW.

According to a number of local media reports, the problem for Omsk is one of the burning ones. Citizens often, without formalizing contractual relations, use for these purposes garbage containers established by local governments or specialized organizations, or, even worse, throw their garbage and other waste on nearby land plots, right-of-way roads or in the forest, forming numerous spontaneous dumps, often near urban and rural settlements. Needless to say, in addition to creating an unsightly landscape for the city limits, this leads to pollution, clogging of land, the destruction of the fertile soil layer of agricultural land, and causes significant harm to the environment and human health.

The same citizens who live mainly in individual residential buildings and are the owners of the MSW they generate, who evade the conclusion of contracts (or have not concluded an agreement) for the collection, transportation and disposal of MSW, can now face administrative liability under the law.

Deputy director of TsLATI for the Omsk region

Updated 2017

Product use National economy(food, domestic purposes) tend to change their consumer value and move into the category of waste. What is TCO? Waste is a concept that does not have a clear definition. It is not known what is waste and what can be disposed of as secondary raw materials. The environmental movement for the use of waste as a secondary resource proposes to subject the collection of waste to a sorting system.

Management companies regulate their activities in accordance with the resolution adopted at the legislative level on inclusion in the fee for the treatment of MSW. What is it in the receipt, and how will this service be implemented? In accordance with the innovations of 2016, this column in the receipt appeared as a separate line for paying for maintenance services for apartment buildings. This column determines the fee for the removal of municipal waste.

Waste classification

Asking the question, "MSW treatment - what is it on the receipt?", you need to sort everything out in order. All stored waste is divided into classes according to the degree of danger of environmental impact. There are five in total, only the last of them (the 5th) includes municipal or household waste. The remaining four classes are industrial waste.

Municipal solid waste has the following sources of generation:

• residential areas;
• objects of municipal economy, public catering;
• cemeteries;
• estimates street, melted snow;
• trade enterprises, with the exception of industrial trading floors, such as office equipment, car dealerships, etc.;
• consumer service establishments.

What is MSW, what does the concept consist of? Wastes are divided according to their state of aggregation into solid, liquid and gaseous. solid waste are formed in public utilities, in the production of products as by-products of unused materials or output products. - on the chemical plants, metallurgical plants and where solvents and many other liquid substances are used. Gaseous wastes are emissions (decomposition products) from industrial enterprises generated during the disposal of household waste.

Municipal solid waste

Tons of household waste are sent to landfills every year.

Until 2016, waste was considered household waste and was understood as waste from residential areas. What is MSW and MSW? What is the difference? It's easy to answer. These are wastes classified as non-hazardous waste, and their sources of formation are the same. The reform of payment for housing and communal services and the development of new rules for the name and handling of waste made its own adjustments, which were reflected in utility bills.

Waste management

Waste management activities consist of a set of operations such as collection, accumulation, processing, disposal, neutralization and disposal of waste. This activity is regulated by Decree No. 458-FZ of 2016 on waste management. It is carried out by the regional solids handling operator household waste. In some cases, this service is provided jointly with the management company.

Tariffs for the treatment of MSW are determined by the regional operator that serves the territory. Distribution and appointment to the position of a regional operator is carried out on a territorial basis.

What does this in the receipt mean "treatment with MSW"? When accumulating and collecting waste, they are disposed of. The cost of these services and the norms for their accumulation are calculated by the regional operator (according to tariffs). The amount of the fee for the maintenance of apartment buildings is reduced by the amount for the disposal of waste by the operator.

The management company, concluding an agreement with the waste management operator, ensures regular and permanent collection and removal of waste, followed by their neutralization and disposal. The same company must keep the areas near the containers clean. Still, what is this "MSW treatment" in the receipt? This is the amount for the distribution of maintenance fees for an apartment building (according to the number of residents of this building). The amount of the fee depends on the sorting of waste, which is taken into account at a separate rate.

Tariffs for the treatment of MSW

The regulation of waste management activities includes a tariff system for paying for activities and develops a system of tariffs for each item of this activity.

Waste accumulation is the starting unit for setting tariffs. The system of tariffs is provided for activities on the services of a regional operator, their processing, disinfection and disposal. Regulated tariffs are reviewed every six months and broken down according to the territorial scheme with their differentiation by types, technological features. MSW removal and its regularity or multiplicity are included in the tariff charges.

Waste collection

The organization of waste collection involves an equipped site and the availability of containers for the collection and accumulation of waste.

MSW treatment, what is it in the receipt? Is it included in the payment for the use of containers? Separate waste collection is advisable if, after sorting, they will be used as secondary raw materials (plastic bottles, glass, paper, bulky waste).

Waste accumulation

After systematic storage and accumulation, MSW must be removed. Waste is taken to special landfills or some other places provided for these purposes. This is also integral part fees for the treatment of MSW in receipts.

Before the owners had time to deal with one abbreviation, a new concept arose. MSW and MSW: what is the difference? MSW - this Handling until 2016 was not subject to commercial accounting, which is carried out by calculation and based on their mass. Savings standards are determined based on the number of residents of an apartment building. The average mass of waste per tenant is calculated. Regular removal of waste from the places of their accumulation makes it possible to make an adequate account of them and calculate the accumulation standard according to the tariff. Measuring instruments are subject to certification. To work with them, you must have permission.

Waste treatment

Sorting of waste, their collection and preparation for disposal is processing for their subsequent use or disposal. The waste that is most suitable for use as secondary raw materials is sorted. For example, paper that has retained its consumer qualities may become suitable for use after processing as a raw material in paper and pulp production.

Disinfection / neutralization and disposal of waste

Disinfection is carried out by incineration, in order to extract ferrous and non-ferrous metals from waste with their subsequent reclamation. Municipal solid waste has properties that are determined by their morphological and fractional composition.

This composition has variable meanings in different climatic zones and seasonal patterns of change. These parameters determine the humidity, heat capacity and size of waste, which are taken into account when choosing methods for their disposal. Humidity contributes to their sticking together, and when they are neutralized in furnaces - to the walls of the drum. Fractional components of MSW can have abrasive properties and abrade each other during their compaction, such components include glass, porcelain, and metal parts. Waste density has a seasonal character, which defines it as the most pronounced in summer. The mass depends on the size of the settlement.

At specialized authorized landfills, which are called municipal solid waste landfills.

These are engineering structures that ensure the disposal of waste and the creation of conditions for their safe storage for a long period of time. Extraction of the filtrate in the process of compacting and pressing them in the conditions of the landfill is carried out in a special filtration compartment.

Impact of waste on the environment

Waste pollution is an environmental protection problem. To solve the problems of providing environmental safety human and natural environment it is necessary to develop schemes that ensure the safety of waste management. Now it is clear that in the receipt "MSW treatment" is a payment for environmental, sanitary and epidemic safety, which consists in the service that guarantees it.

The environmental tension created by waste has not been resolved by innovations in the management of MSW since 2016, but creates the prerequisites for creating a safe environment within the city. Fulfillment of legally justified requirements in the arrangement of places for the accumulation and collection of waste creates conditions for their safe transportation. The reforms include the treatment of MSW in the payment system for utilities. This is reflected in the receipt, and payments are received regional operator, which territorially serves public utilities.