Accurate definition of pregnancy in the early stages. How to understand that you are pregnant by symptoms and signs

How to determine pregnancy at the earliest possible date

How to determine pregnancy early dates is a rather important question. He is also interested in those women whose plans do not yet include having children and those who dream of a child. We will consider the most common and affordable methods to determine your status as soon as possible after conception.

Pregnancy test

This method of diagnosing pregnancy is extremely convenient and affordable. The main thing is to follow the simplest instructions.

So, to get a reliable result, you need:

• do the test not earlier than the designated period (usually this is the first day of a missed period);
• strictly follow the instructions for implementation;
• buy a test with the highest sensitivity;
• carry out diagnostics in the morning;
• before diagnosis, do not urinate for 5-6 hours (which is why early morning is the ideal time to do it);
• with a doubtful result (the second strip is blurry, barely noticeable), the test should be repeated.

In pharmacies, you can see 3 types of tests: regular strips, tablet and electronic. The latter, as you might guess, will be more expensive. Buy the one that feels more comfortable. The main thing is high sensitivity.

Many women carry out home diagnostics of pregnancy even before the start of the delay, which is already contrary to the instructions of the test. And therefore, false negative results are often obtained, since hCG (“pregnancy hormone”) begins to be produced only 7-10 days later immediately after fertilization of the egg, that is, just before the start of the delay. However, there is a way to get a reliable result even earlier. So, how to determine pregnancy in the early stages without a test, is it possible?

Blood test for hCG

This method makes it possible to find out about your position even before the start of the delay, approximately 6-10 days from sexual intercourse (conception). In addition, the quantitative indicators of hCG make it possible to judge whether pregnancy is developing or not. So, in the first two weeks, hCG will be 25 - 300 mU / ml, and in the third it will already be 1500 - 5000 mU / ml. If the result is greater than these values, the doctor may suspect a mole or the development of 2 or more embryos. Smaller values ​​\u200b\u200bare in frozen and ectopic pregnancy. A blood test for hCG is the most accurate diagnostic method to date. Here's how to determine pregnancy in the early stages before a missed period.

In very rare cases, an increase in hCG in a woman is not due to pregnancy, but is a symptom oncological disease. In addition, hCG may be normally elevated for some time after childbirth, induced abortion or miscarriage.

Ultrasound procedure

You can see a fetal egg in the uterus at hCG values ​​above 1000 mU / ml, it is advisable to use a vaginal sensor. For reliability, it is better to do an ultrasound after the start of the delay, at least a week later (the size of the embryo will be 2-4 mm in this case). If hCG is significantly higher than 0, there are other signs of pregnancy, but the doctor does not see the fetal egg in the uterus, an ectopic pregnancy may be suspected. Such a patient requires careful medical supervision and ultrasound monitoring.

It is worth noting that ultrasound at such an early date “according to plan” is not carried out. Only if the doctor has reason to suspect any pathology, or if the woman is going to have an abortion. No pathology of fetal development at such an early stage can be determined. In medical terms, an ultrasound scan at 12 weeks is much more informative.

Gynecological examination

If you are looking for a way to determine pregnancy at the earliest possible date, then this option is not the best. But it's better than being ignorant. Let's say right away that you can not count on the definition of pregnancy before the start of the delay. Yes, and after a delay (3-4 obstetric week) diagnosis is difficult, since the size of the uterus is still little different from the usual.

The doctor pays attention to Hegar's symptom (determined no earlier than 2 weeks after the onset of the delay, the uterus is enlarged, its lower edge is softened) and Chadwick's symptom (the walls of the vagina, the cervix become bluish).

Subjective sensations

This is something that the doctor should also pay attention to.

1. Increase in body temperature and basal. This is due to an increase in the concentration of the hormone progesterone. However, expectant mothers do not always have this symptom. Modern doctors advise not to take into account the basal temperature, in order to avoid incorrect interpretation of the measurement results and the low reliability of this method.

2. Mammary glands. They undergo changes in expectant mothers. Many women are sure how to determine pregnancy at an early stage - you just need to press the nipple, and if liquid comes out from there, then the answer is positive. However, colostrum is not always allocated at such an early date. In addition, the appearance of colostrum may not be related to pregnancy.

In addition to nipple discharge, future mom may note pain in the area of ​​​​the mammary glands (without localization at a certain point), as well as their slight increase.

3. Nausea. Usually, toxicosis appears after the onset of the delay, but some especially sensitive women begin to feel unwell even earlier. The main thing is not to confuse toxicosis with poisoning.

4. Abundant discharge. Transparent, odorless, non-irritating. This phenomenon is familiar to many women. Such discharge is observed during ovulation. And during pregnancy, another 2-4 weeks continue.

5. It's no secret how to determine pregnancy in the first week after the start of the delay. And if the delay has not begun, there is bloody discharge from the genital tract, but at the same time there are some signs of pregnancy, then this may indicate either a miscarriage or a threatened miscarriage. You should take a blood test for hCG and do an ultrasound.

Hello!

Tell me, please, is there any way to determine pregnancy without a test.

Of course, I already bought a test, but I want some more methods and ways to accurately determine pregnancy.

Thanks in advance for your reply.

Of course, you are right that you bought a pregnancy test. This is one of the fastest and most reliable ways to determine an interesting position.

Only now, its sensitivity does not always allow you to determine pregnancy before a delay or in the first days, but I know how impatient you are and how you want to quickly either make sure of a happy event or gather hope and wait for a new cycle.

To determine pregnancy without a test before a delay, you can see what signs of pregnancy you have.

The more signs you notice, the more likely you are to be pregnant.

Signs of pregnancy

1. Swollen and painful mammary glands;

Hypersensitivity of the nipples and their pigmentation, engorgement, breast enlargement, indicate the work of the hormonal system in a new mode.

1. Heaviness in the lower abdomen;

In addition to discomfort, many feel as if “butterflies flutter” inside.

During this period, one can also observe spotting, accompanied by cramps and spasms, which in turn can also be attributed to the approaching "critical days", not to mention diseases genitourinary system, as well as the likelihood of ectopic pregnancy.

1. Manifestations of toxicosis;

Nausea, vomiting are characteristic of the first period of fertilization.

It seems that only this indicator can be the main one in determining pregnancy at home without a test, only in cases of poisoning these signs can also appear.

1. Increased body temperature;

If subfebrile temperature is observed for several days, then this may be a signal of implantation of the fetal egg. But we must not forget about the possibility inflammatory process, which also gives such a clinical condition.

Indirect symptoms of pregnancy

• Gastronomic fads;

There is a strong reaction to certain products. For example, there are often cases when a woman during pregnancy cannot stand the smell of raw meat at all. Or vice versa, ready to walk for hours along the counters with fish.

When the body reacts so violently to changes, determining pregnancy is easy.

• A sharp set of extra pounds;

Someone is sick of one type of food, and someone wakes up a "brutal" appetite. In connection with plentiful meals and absorption of fluids, the expectant mother begins to rapidly gain weight, and swelling does not take long.

• Mood swings are typical during pregnancy;
• Drowsiness, weakness, increased fatigue;

At the very beginning of the wonderful period of pregnancy, the body spends a huge amount of energy on reconfiguring all systems. Therefore, a sudden onset of fatigue helps to clarify the whole picture.

• Frequent urination, as in cystitis;

Occurs due to the pressure of the enlarged uterus on bladder. Although this phenomenon is typical for later periods, there are girls for whom this particular symptom answers the question of how pregnancy can be determined without a pregnancy test.

• Metamorphoses associated with a sharp increase and decrease in sexual desire, due to the restructuring of the hormonal system during pregnancy.

Ways to determine pregnancy without a test

How was pregnancy determined without tests?

Our great-great-grandmothers had to get out and look for ways to determine pregnancy. But some of them you can do now.

1. Determination of pregnancy with soda.

• You will need: morning portion of urine, soda;
• Having collected required amount urine in a transparent bowl, pour 1 tsp of soda;
• Usually, the discharge is acidic, and in the case of pregnancy, the PH level shifts in favor of alkalinity;
• Thus, in the first case, a reaction with bubbles will occur, and in the second, a precipitate will be obtained;
• Also, read the article on this subject: Determination of pregnancy with baking soda >>>.

1. It is necessary to collect morning urine and boil. Then, pour into glass container. If whitish flakes are observed, then the answer is yes. Otherwise, pregnancy did not occur;
2. Determining pregnancy with iodine.

• You will need: morning urine and iodine;
• In a container with liquid, you need to carefully drop an iodine solution from a pipette;
• Did the drop immediately dissolve? The result of the study can be considered negative. But if a droplet floats on the surface for some time, then, most likely, the pregnancy is confirmed.

A drop of iodine can be dropped onto a paper strip soaked in morning urine. If habitual Brown color reagent changed to bluish-violet, then a sign of pregnancy is evident.

1. Another method of how pregnancy can be determined without tests, using urine, was used in even more ancient centuries:

• Red wine was mixed with urine;
• Then, the behavior of the mixture was observed;
• While maintaining the transparency of the "cocktail", they issued a positive verdict.

Pregnancy and basal temperature

The easiest way to determine pregnancy without a test is to measure basal body temperature.

It is necessary to measure the temperature for 5 minutes in the rectum in the early morning, without getting out of bed. It is advisable to exclude any movements immediately after waking up.

1. After ovulation has occurred, two or three days before menstruation, the temperature, which rises to 36.8 - 37.2 degrees during ovulation, should be sharply lowered;
2. Ideally, if you have already plotted basal temperature charts for 2-3 months and you have something to compare temperature readings with (see article

Early detection of pregnancy important condition proper development fetus. The sooner a woman finds out about her situation, the sooner she will be able to adjust her lifestyle: balance her diet, adjust her work and rest schedule, and get rid of bad habits. Revealing the fact of the onset of conception is also important in the opposite case, when a woman does not plan to become a mother: the sooner you find out about pregnancy, the easier it is to terminate it.

There are many ways to determine the presence of pregnancy, among which there are scientific and medical, and folk. Both of them give fairly accurate results. However, if a woman wants to quickly and accurately determine her condition (pregnant or not), then it is better to play it safe and use several methods.

How many days after conception is it possible to determine?

It is impossible to recognize pregnancy 1-2 days after unprotected intercourse, because the process of fertilization does not occur instantly and takes some time. However, if the conception has taken place, then soon enough changes will begin to occur in the body, deciphering which, even before the onset of a delay in menstruation, it is possible to determine the onset of pregnancy.

It will be easier to notice such changes if you know exactly the day of ovulation, since conception can occur only in the first 2 days after it. Ovulation day is the middle menstrual cycle, i.e. if the cycle lasts 28 days, then the day of ovulation falls on the 14th day, if 26 days - then on the 13th, etc.

Every month, at the time of ovulation, a woman's body prepares for a possible pregnancy:

• basal temperature rises to 37 ° C, which is the most comfortable for conception;
• the endometrium thickens and becomes softer;
• the follicle that releases the mature cell is reborn into the corpus luteum and begins to produce progesterone, which is necessary for the successful implantation of the embryo.

These signs last for about 7 days and disappear if pregnancy does not occur. Thus, if they have not disappeared 3-5 days after the moment of ovulation, it can be argued with a high degree of probability that pregnancy has occurred. Of the above signs of early pregnancy at home, only basal temperature can be determined. But there are other signs and ways by which you can establish the fact of pregnancy in a short time.

By the stomach

A rounded belly begins to give out pregnancy no earlier than 4-5 months, when the fetus begins to grow actively. However, pregnancy can be determined by the abdomen in the early stages. In the first 1.5-2 months after conception, a woman's body increases blood flow to all organs, especially to the uterus and stomach. An increased amount of blood that fills the walls of the stomach causes slight swelling of the mucous membrane and disrupts the functioning of the organ, contributing to gas formation and constipation. As a result, the stomach increases slightly in size, and the woman experiences a feeling of discomfort.

In most cases, this condition is perceived as indigestion, however, if it does not go away within a few days, this may be a sign of early pregnancy.

According to basal temperature

Basal temperature is the lowest indicator characteristic of a person who is in the stage of deep rest (sleep). This indicator instantly changes after waking up and the first movements. A woman's basal temperature increases before each ovulation and returns to normal if pregnancy has not occurred. Therefore, by observing the change in this indicator, you can find out whether a woman is pregnant or not, even before the onset of a delay.

In order for the studies to be as accurate as possible, it is necessary to follow some rules when conducting them:

1. Temperature should be measured:
   • several days in a row;
   • at the same time (after sleep);
   • with the same thermometer;
   • in the same place (rectal, vaginal, oral).
2. At night, you should not drink a lot of liquids or eat watery fruits.
3. The thermometer, clock, pen and notebook should be on the nightstand near the bed so that the number of movements after waking up is minimal.
4. The temperature should be measured in a stationary state for 5-8 minutes by inserting the thermometer into a place convenient for measurement immediately after waking up.
5. The thermometer readings should be recorded in a notebook immediately after the measurement, noting (if available):
   • medicines taken the day before;
   • nervous experiences;
   • pain sensations;
   • overwork;
   • change of thermometer;
   • drinking alcohol the night before.
6. Before starting measurements, record the day of the menstrual cycle. From the first day of the cycle, the temperature does not rise above 36.7 ° C, 5-7 days before ovulation it increases to 37 ° C and stays at this level for a week. If pregnancy does not occur, then the temperature drops again to + 36.5 ... + 36.7 ° С.

The method of measuring basal temperature belongs to the category of scientific and is highly accurate, but only if the woman is healthy and does not have any inflammatory diseases, especially in the pelvic organs.

By selection

Observing discharge is another way to recognize pregnancy at an early stage.

The process of implantation of the embryo into the wall of the uterus, filled with blood, is often accompanied by discharge, which can be pink or brown. If the attachment process was successful, then after 7-8 days the discharge will change its color and become yellowish or transparent.

If the implantation has gone wrong, the discharge may be too abundant, dark brown or red, accompanied by pain. With such symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Thus, if a woman has suspicions about pregnancy, the changing color of the discharge will help to verify them.

Delay

When pregnancy occurs, menstruation stops for natural reasons, therefore, if menstruation does not occur on time, most women first of all think about conception. However, a delay in menstruation can occur as a result of:

• stress
• hormonal failure;
• overwork at work or in the gym;
• taking medications;
• a sharp change in the usual way of life, associated, for example, with a long journey or moving to a new place of residence.

If the reasons lie in these factors, then over time the cycle will be restored. However, if the delay is superimposed on circumstances that entail pregnancy (especially unplanned), you should not wait. It is necessary to use other methods to more accurately determine whether conception has occurred.

With the help of iodine

Determining pregnancy in the early stages at home is possible by observing the reaction of iodine in contact with urine. Biological material can be examined in 2 ways:

1. Urinate on a strip of paper and drop a solution of iodine on it. A pinkish strip will help a woman understand that she is pregnant, otherwise the paper will turn brown.
2. Urinate in a jar and add 1 drop of iodine there. If the drop, having retained its shape, sank to the bottom and then surfaced, this means that the pregnancy has come.

The study should be carried out on an empty stomach in the morning urine, when its acidity is minimal. This method will help a woman know that she is pregnant up to 8 weeks, even if there are no other signs.

Soda

The appearance of the long-awaited conception in the early stages to determine, according to the statements traditional medicine, you can use baking soda. However, this method has no scientific recognition. Carry out the procedure as follows:

1. Morning urine is collected in a clean glass.
2. Add 1 tsp. soda.
3. Watch the reaction. If seething began, then there is no pregnancy, if there is no reaction, and soda precipitated, conception occurred.

Methods for determining pregnancy in the early stages

The high level of development of medical technologies makes it possible at the earliest possible date to establish the fact of pregnancy, its duration, the place of attachment of the fetus and other features of the changed state of the woman.

Pregnancy test

Test strips are a scientific way to determine the fact of pregnancy at home. They are sold in every pharmacy and are affordable. This method is based on the determination of the increased content of the hormone (chorionic gonadotropin) produced by one of the layers of the fertilized egg (chorion). After fertilization, the amount of the hormone begins to increase in geometric progression and accumulate in the blood and urine.

Test strips are treated with a special substance - a hormone indicator. Therefore, as soon as urine hits the tester, a reaction begins. If 1 dark band appears, then the result is negative, if 2, positive.

However, the hormone accumulates in the urine more slowly than in the blood, so the exact result can be established no earlier than a week after fertilization.

Definition of pregnancy by an obstetrician-gynecologist

A visual examination of a woman by a gynecologist gives an accurate result at a gestational age of at least 6-7 weeks. In addition, most doctors are of the opinion that the uterus should not be touched until 10-11 weeks, so that nothing interferes with the process of its fusion with the embryo.

The establishment of pregnancy always begins with a survey of the patient, setting the date of the last menstruation, assessing the condition of the mammary glands.

After that, the doctor proceeds to a visual examination of the external and internal genital organs. If a woman is pregnant, then the labia acquire a characteristic bluish tint, swell and become cool to the touch. The uterus not only increases, but also changes shape and thickens (which is also felt to the touch). By the size of the uterus, the gynecologist determines the gestational age.

If the doctor has any questions or doubts about the visual examination, he may prescribe laboratory and ultrasound examinations.

Blood test for hCG

This type of testing is the most accurate and allows you to establish that a woman is pregnant at an early stage (1-2 days after fertilization). From the first day of pregnancy until the 10th week inclusive, human chorionic gonadotropin doubles its concentration in the blood, and then it slowly decreases. In a healthy woman who does not bear a child, the hCG index is kept in the range from 0 to 5 mU / ml, but already in the first week after fertilization it rises sharply and ranges from 20 to 150 mU / ml. According to the table of hCG values, it is possible to determine the gestational age with an accuracy of a day.

Blood test for TBG

During pregnancy, the outer layer of embryonic cells begins to secrete a special protein - trophoblastic glycoprotein (THB). Its concentration in the blood increases by the 18th day after fertilization and grows up to the 29th week inclusive. THB protects the embryo from rejection by the mother. This blood indicator allows not only to diagnose the fact of fertilization at an early stage, but also to control the course of pregnancy.

Ultrasound

Ultrasound is another method for early detection of pregnancy. It is performed transvaginally and is considered safe for the fetus. However, if the pregnancy is long-awaited, this diagnostic method should be resorted to only if any pathologies are suspected: as already mentioned, it is not recommended to touch the uterus without the need to touch the uterus until 10-12 weeks.

How to determine pregnancy before a delay at home?

There are several ways to determine the fact of fertilization at home before the onset of a delay:

• measuring basal temperature;
• examining urine with iodine or soda;
• observing vaginal discharge;
• listening to your own changed feelings;
• using a test strip.

Definition of pregnancy by sensations

With the onset of pregnancy, most women begin to experience unusual sensations, many of which cause discomfort. Physical restructuring of the body and changes in hormonal levels most often cause:

1. Malaise, weakness, drowsiness, dizziness. If in the previous days the woman was not nervous and did not overwork, and there are no signs of a cold, then such a state of health may indicate the onset of pregnancy.
2. Nasal congestion (in the absence of other signs of a cold). This symptom is explained by the fact that after fertilization in female body blood circulation is activated. Its increased inflow can cause slight swelling of the mucous membranes, which is characterized by nasal congestion.
3. Heaviness, tingling in the side and pain in the abdomen, often accompanying the release of the egg from the fallopian tube and its implantation in the wall of the uterus.
4. Toxicosis (in the absence of signs of poisoning). According to studies, if twins were conceived, then toxicosis begins from the first day of fertilization.
5. Mood swings, irritability, tearfulness associated with dramatically changing hormonal levels.
6. Exacerbation of taste buds, smell, vision. These signs, which help determine pregnancy in the early stages, are considered the most reliable in traditional medicine.

Folk ways to determine pregnancy

Folk methods for detecting pregnancy give a fairly high result, because they are based on centuries-old observations of changes appearance and passions of women preparing to become mothers. Folk healers did not doubt the onset of pregnancy if a woman:

• in the morning, attacks of nausea or vomiting began to occur;
• increased appetite;
• there was a craving for salty foods;
• health worsened: lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness, fainting appeared;
• enlarged breasts.

External signs of the presence of the fetus. Leather. Breast

The changed hormonal background has a strong effect on the skin and breasts of a woman. The mammary glands begin to prepare for the lactation process from the first days after fertilization. The process is accompanied by an increase in the size of the glands, the appearance of pain even with a light touch and a change in the color of the nipples.

The skin becomes softer and more tender. In many cases, its quality improves dramatically. But it also happens vice versa, when the restructuring of the body causes pigmentation, which most often appears on the face.

How do sensations, character, perception of food change?

With the onset of pregnancy, a woman has to adapt to new conditions. Feelings, character, but most of all - the perception of food and smells are subject to changes. A classic sign of pregnancy is increased cravings for salty foods. But the palette of changed taste preferences is much wider and more individual. A woman may begin to feel disgust for the foods and dishes she liked and fall in love with those that she could not stand before.

The same metamorphosis occurs with the perception of smells. Heightened sensitivity can cause great discomfort, because now a woman is able to capture the subtlest (especially unpleasant for her) smells that others are not able to feel.

The reasons for the change in character have already been discussed. Hormonal instability makes a woman more emotional, receptive, it becomes more difficult for her to control herself and be adequate: any little thing can offend her, cause irritation and even tears.

As before, without doctors, they learned about the fact of conception?

Before the advent technical means helping to detect pregnancy in the early days, women had to resort to the advice of traditional medicine. Some of them look too naive, but others did their job well enough. The most commonly used methods are:

1. Ring. The woman tied it to a curl and lowered it to the level of the abdomen. If the ring began to move, it was believed that conception had occurred, if it remained at rest, then no.
2. The study of urine. The woman collected urine, boiled it, poured it into a clean transparent container and watched. If a precipitate appeared, then there is a pregnancy, if it did not appear, no. Another method involved mixing urine with red wine. If the mixture became cloudy, the result was considered negative, if it remained transparent, positive.
3. Growing onions. A woman planted bulbs in 2 cups. On one she made the inscription "pregnant", on the other - "not pregnant." The result depended on in which glass the bulb would grow to a height of 4 cm earlier.
4. Watch for changes in taste preferences. If a woman began to show an increased interest in salty foods, then replenishment in the family should be expected soon.
5. Dream interpretation. If a woman dreamed of fish or water, it was believed that she should wait for the offspring.

Is it possible to determine pregnancy before a delay without a test?

Having studied the centuries-old experience of traditional healers and the possibilities of modern medicine, it is easy to give an unambiguous positive answer to the question of whether it is possible to detect pregnancy before a delay without a test. Knowing the day of ovulation, every woman, observing the change in her condition, can quite accurately establish the fact of pregnancy at the earliest possible date.

Many women want to know about the onset of pregnancy as early as possible. AT modern world to determine conception, there are many methods that are used at home and in the laboratory. Early recognition of pregnancy has a positive effect on the development of the unborn baby. A woman changes her lifestyle, normalizes nutrition, gives up bad habits, if they used to be. Seeing a doctor allows you to assess the nature of the course of pregnancy, refute an ectopic pregnancy, check the health of a woman and eliminate the risks of intrauterine disorders. Determining pregnancy in the early stages is the first important step towards a happy motherhood.

The main signs of early pregnancy

After the moment of conception, hormonal changes begin in the woman's body, aimed at preparing the uterus for egg implantation and maintaining the normal course of pregnancy. This is manifested by specific sensations, according to which a woman may suspect her interesting position and take further measures to confirm the fact of conception.

Early signs of pregnancy.

1. Drawing, cramping and in the lumbar region, which are accompanied by scanty pink discharge from the vagina. Pain syndrome occurs at the end of the menstrual cycle before the onset of menstruation and is associated with the implantation of the ovum into the wall of the uterus. Attachment of a fertilized egg to the endometrium of the uterus causes a violation of the integrity of the blood vessels, which leads to the appearance of spotting. This symptom does not occur in all women. The implantation process may go unnoticed, but is considered the most reliable early sign the onset of pregnancy.
2. Signs of early toxicosis: nausea and in the morning, deterioration or increase in appetite, change in taste preferences (a woman prefers atypical dishes in food), taste perversions (for example, mixing sweet and salty foods).
3. Breast engorgement. The chest is filled, becomes painful and sensitive. Pigmentation may appear around the nipples.
4. Frequent urination, especially at night. In early pregnancy, it is associated with the relaxing effect of sex hormones on the sphincter of the bladder.
5. Change emotional background. There are mood swings throughout the day. Characterized by irritability, tearfulness, excessive suspiciousness, aggressiveness.
6. Unreasonable at first glance, increased fatigue, drowsiness, decreased performance.
7. Delayed menstruation is an important sign of conception, but can occur with diseases of the genital area and menstrual irregularities.

When probable signs of pregnancy appear, it is necessary to confirm the fact of conception using special test systems or diagnostics (laboratory, instrumental).

Diagnosing conception with pregnancy tests

To determine the fact of conception in the pharmacy network, you can purchase test systems of varying degrees of sensitivity and cost, the reliability of the results of which reaches 95-98%. Pregnancy tests are a simple and affordable method to reveal the fact
conception from 1-2 days of delayed menstruation. The principle of action is the determination of (human chorionic gonadotropin) in the urine, which is the hormone of pregnancy. The modern pharmaceutical industry also produces highly sensitive tests that can detect pregnancy in 7-10 days.

Types of pregnancy tests.

1. Test systems of the 1st generation - strip tests (test strips). These are the most popular and inexpensive test systems that allow you to detect pregnancy for 1-2 days of missed menstruation. They are paper strips impregnated with a reagent to determine the concentration. For diagnosis, morning urine is collected, the edge of the strip is immersed in it for 10-20 seconds, then it is removed and the result is awaited for several minutes. The appearance of one strip indicates the absence of conception, two stripes indicate the onset of pregnancy.
2. Test system of the 2nd generation - test cassettes. They differ from strip tests in a plastic frame, which has 2 windows. Urine is dripped into the first window using a special dispenser that is included in the kit. After a few minutes, the result will appear in the second window - one or two strips. The sensitivity of the tests is the same, but the test cassettes are more expensive.
3. 3rd generation test system - inkjet tests. They are a plastic container, inside of which a porous material with many tubules is placed. During urination, the end of the test is substituted under the stream of urine, the result is ready in 1-2 minutes. The advantage of inkjet tests is the low probability of errors and the ability to use urine at any time of the day.
4. Electronic tests. They have a window in which, after the diagnosis, the inscription appears: “pregnant” or “not pregnant”, respectively “pregnancy” or “no pregnancy”. The advantage is that there is no need to independently interpret the result when the second strip appears fuzzy.

Pregnancy tests, which detect the fact of conception on the 1-2 day of missed menstruation, have a sensitivity index of 20-25 mIU / ml. Highly sensitive test systems have a sensitivity of 10 mIU / ml, so they can determine conception even before the delay of the menstrual cycle. Their disadvantage is their high cost.

Medical methods for diagnosing pregnancy

When contacting a gynecologist, the doctor prescribes laboratory and instrumental examination methods that allow you to finally verify the onset of pregnancy. In addition, according to additional tests, the specialist will evaluate the course of the gestation period, refute an ectopic pregnancy, determine the gestational age and date of birth.

After a medical diagnosis of pregnancy, a woman becomes registered with the antenatal clinic and is observed by a gynecologist until the moment of delivery.

How to find out about pregnancy before a delay at home

Doctors consider the measurement of basal (internal) temperature to be the most popular and reliable method for detecting pregnancy at home. This the way is fine women who are planning a pregnancy. The measurement is carried out in the rectum in the morning after sleep, without getting out of bed until the morning toilet. The method is most effective in controlling rectal temperature for several months.

• high temperatures persist after the end of the corpus luteum phase;
• the corpus luteum phase lasts 18 days or more;
• a third temperature jump appears on the graph after ovulation (a three-phase graph instead of the usual two-phase graph).