The length of the Laba River. Water-balance studies of the Laba river basin

Rivers / Karachay-Cherkess Republic

Origin of the name One of the most significant rivers of the Western Caucasus, the left tributary of the Kuban. The Adyghes call her "Labe". There is no single judgment about the origin of the hydronym. The most popular are two opinions. One connects the name with the Iranian-language ancient term "Alb" ("Alb") - white. The other one is with the Iranian-language topoelement “lab” (“lav”), which in Persian means “shore”. However, other comparisons can be productive as well. So, one of the tributaries of the Malaya Laba originates from Mount Louba (an Abaza word of obscure meaning), and in the language of the Svans - the mountainous Georgian neighbors of the Abaza - the word "labna" means a source. These parallels are considered. K. Kh. Meretukov, “maybe shed some light on the meaning of the name of the river.” Geography Formed by the confluence of Bolshaya Laba and Malaya Laba, which originate from glaciers on the northern slope of the Main Range of the Greater Caucasus. Length (together with Bolshaya Laba) - 347 km, from the confluence with Malaya Laba - 214 km, basin area 12,500 km². In the upper reaches of the Laba and its tributaries are turbulent mountain rivers flowing in deep gorges. In the lower reaches of the river, the banks are gentle, the current is calm. The food of the river is mixed: snow, glacial and rain. The average flow near the mouth is 95.7 m³/sec. Laba freezes at the end of December, but not every year, it opens in late February - early March. The main tributaries of the Laba are Chamlyk (right), Fars (left). Used for irrigation. On its flat part, the Laba receives many tributaries, most of them are regulated, their flow is a string of ponds (on the Krasnodar side) or irrigation canals (on the Adyghe side). At the same time, rice checks built in the lower reaches of the Laba in the 70s of the XX century are currently not used and turned into waste lands. Settlements on the river On the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia, up to the confluence of the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba, on its banks there are settlements: Pkhiya, Damkhurts, Zagedan, Rozhkao, Asian; the villages of Psemen, Kurdzhinovo, Ershov, Predgornoye, Podskalnoye. Then Bolshaya Laba flows through the territory Krasnodar Territory- the first locality- the village of Akhmetovskaya. At the village of the Kaladzhinskaya river, Bolshaya and Malaya Laba merge. At the exit from the mountain-forest zone, the Laba flows through the flat territory of the Krasnodar Territory. After the urban-type settlement of Mostovskoy, the border of the region with Adygea passes along the river. On the right (Krasnodar) side are the cities of Labinsk and Kurganinsk, a number of villages: Zassovskaya, Vladimirskaya, Rodnikovskaya, Temirgoevskaya, Vozdvizhenskaya, Tenginskaya, Novolabinskaya, Nekrasovskaya. On the Adyghe side there are Adyghe villages, Russian villages and settlements: Khodz, Natyrbovo, Koshekhabl, Egerukhai, Sokolov, Pshizo, Dzhambichi, Saratovsky, Khatukai. Opposite the confluence of the Laba with the Kuban is the city of Ust-Labinsk.

Laba is the largest tributary of the Kuban River. Its beginning is considered to be the confluence of the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba rivers. The length of the Laba River itself is 214 km. The sources of the Bolshaya Laba River are the glaciers of the top of Mount Abytskha. Malaya Laba originates at the snowy peaks of Aishkho and the Pseashkho glacier. The total area of ​​glaciers feeding these rivers is about 15 sq. km.

The drainage basin of the Laba River is not quite symmetrical in outline. The left-bank part of the basin is larger both in area and in the number of tributaries. In total, the Laba receives: 4776 tributaries (including the smallest ones). Their total length is a solid value - 10,500 km. The largest left tributaries (counting from top to bottom) are: the Khodz River, Chokhrak, Fars and Giaga. The largest right-bank tributary is the Chamlyk River. Almost all tributaries of the Laba River are full of water during floods, and the rest of the time they become shallow and become shallow. The nature of the Laba river valley, its course, water regime and chemical composition the waters change from source to mouth as the river crosses a range of different geographic landscapes.

The Bolshaya and Malaya Laba rivers in their upper reaches have laid their channels through areas of high-mountainous masses, composed of granites, gneisses and elantse-sandy rocks. Their valleys here look like narrow deep canyons, in which swiftly and noisily, bubbling on rapids and rifts, rush crystal clear waters. These rivers then cross a belt of wooded high folded mountain ranges composed of Paleozoic sandstones, shales and limestones. The wild rocky gorges of the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba rivers expand in places, forming picturesque mountain valleys. The beauty of the Shah-Gireyevsky gorge of the Malaya Laba River below the village of Burnoy, the Zagedan valley is peculiar. Its slopes are covered with dense spruce-fir forests of hundred-year-old giant trees. Many of them are up to 3 - 4 girths in thickness, several tens of meters in height. The valley is surrounded by bizarre clusters of huge rocks and mountain peaks, on which snow turns white even in summer. In the middle of the valley, the beautiful Bolshaya Laba, with a cheerful roar, quickly carries its cold transparent waters.

At the village of the Kaladzhinskaya river, the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba merge, forming a high-water Laba, which bears some resemblance to the Kuban River. The valley of the Laba River here is already quite wide and bears three terraces. The water regime of the Laba River is peculiar. On the Malaya and Bolshaya Laba rivers, floods are observed in the warm half of the year, which is explained by the melting of high-mountain snows and glaciers, because there are 48 glaciers in the Laba river basin.

Groundwater also plays a significant role in feeding the Laba River. Powerful springs wedged out in places in the river valley. In winter, the Laba river freezes for 1-3 months, but in the upper reaches, on the rapids, a continuous ice cover is not formed.

Network Festival environmental education - 2013

« Development and implementation of network interaction models educational institutions in the field of environmental education, improving information exchange and dissemination of effective solutions"

Water balance studies

Laba river basin.

Work completed:

Sheveleva Daria

student of 10 "B" class

MOBU SOSH#4

Scientific supervisors:

geography and biology teacher

MOBU secondary school No. 4 of Labinsk

MOBU SOSH No. 4 of Labinsk

INTRODUCTION………………………………….……….……..….….………

I. LABA RIVER

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION.……………….………..…………

WATER REGIME…………………………..…………………………….

CONSUMPTION AND MINERALIZATION OF WATER………………………………..

II. TRIBUTIES OF THE LABA RIVER

GIAGA…………………………………………………………………………

FARCE……………….…………….….………………………………………

WALK………………………………………………………………………..

CHAMLYK…………………………………………………………………….

CHEKHRAK….………….………………………………………………………..

III. VEGETABLE WORLD……………………………………………..

IV. RECREATION RESOURCES, RECREATION AND TOURISM AREAS........................................................... .................................................

V. INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS ON THE FOREST LANDS OF THE LABA RIVER…………………………………………………

CONCLUSION….……….……….……………………….………………...

BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………….

INTRODUCTION

I love you Labinsk

I love your sunrises

And the chirping of birds in the springtime,

When you walk lightly dressed

Joy in the heart

happiness and peace.

But nature is just beautiful!

Can't look away

from weeping willows.

May kindness rule the world forever

The voice of God is calling

to this mighty.

The Laba River in the shade of a dense oak forest

It makes noise, boils and rushes its waters.

So I want to love, dare,

achieve fame

Even in my childhood years.

How long would the breakup last?

My heart and soul is always with you,

It is not your nature to fade

A wonderful city above the Laba - the river.

Rivers. Large and small, deep and shallow, fast mountainous and slowly, majestically flowing through the plain. From time immemorial, people have been striving for them, because the river is fresh running water, it is an opportunity to wash off dirt, freshen up a home, water a garden and a garden, and water animals. Laba is the largest left tributary of the Kuban. Laba shared her name with two cities Labinsk and Ust-Labinsk. My small homeland is the city of Labinsk. This is where I was born and live. My city is dear to me.

Back in 1841, the topographer staff captain Petukhov wrote in his “Statistical description of the foothill zone between the rivers Kuban, Laboyu, Fars and Psefirya”

“Laba is called by the natives Lyaba, from its source to the mountains called Chernyshi, it flows straight to the north, from the Black Mountains it easily deviates to the west and follows a northwestern direction, with many branches and small

channels to the mouth of Chamlyk; from here it merges into one channel, taking a more western deviation, pours into the Kuban River, opposite the Ust-Labinskaya village.

Laba, scientifically speaking, is not just a word, but a hydronym. Where does the hydronym Laba come from? The word still needs further study, and there is no single judgment about its origin. The most popular opinion is about the Indo-European (Iranian) nature of the name. Proponents of this point of view believe that the hydronym Laba can be correlated with "Forehead", moreover, the roots "forehead", "lop", "love", "lab" in geographical names are associated with the ancient "alb" - white. It is possible to link the hydronym Laba with the ancient root “bal” (“lav”), which in Persian means “shore”. So, it is possible that Laba and Belaya are not just rivers - neighbors, but also namesakes. In the literature on the Adyghe (Circassian) toponymy Labe - Laba is named as one of the most significant rivers of the Western Caucasus. Labe is a widespread Adyghe personal name.

There is a hypothesis about the origin of the hydronym Laba from the ancient Turkic "lop" - a monster, a dragon. The hypothesis is not without meaning - in the narrowest places the river rages, thunders. In addition, the Turks in the North Caucasus were met by warlike tribes dressed in woolen cloaks. If a rider in a cloak gallops very fast, its floors flutter in the wind, resembling the wings of a dragon.

Another, in my opinion, more reasoned assumption is made from Cherkessk. Khadzhilayev considered possible parallels to the word "laba" in the Turkic languages. In Yakut, he found "laba" - a branch, the source of the river, in Chuvash - "paw" - a hollow, hollow, lowland.

The Yakut and Chuvash languages ​​are closest to the ancient Turkic parent language. And he, according to experts, in the most "pure" form was preserved in the Karachay-Balkarian language. The peoples speaking it, apparently, gave the name to Labe.

The researcher - local historian in his book "Essays on the toponymy of the Kuban" gives a whole table of possible interpretations of the hydronym Laba:

From the Adyghe personal name "Labe";

From the ancient Iranian "alb" ("alb") - white;

From the Indo-European "alb" - to flow;

From the Indo-European "lab" in the meaning - the river;

From the ancient Turkic "lop" - monster, dragon

Then the Persian "lab" ("lava") - the coast;

From the Yakut "lab" - a branch, the source of the river;

From the Nogai "lapas" - the source of the river;

From the Abkhazian "laba" - lowland pastures;

In the Chuvash "paw" - a hollow, a hollow, a lowland;

In the language of the Svans (one of the nationalities of Georgia), "labna" is a source. There is an assumption that the name means "free".

Here is such a short, harmonious, but very ancient and therefore difficult to explain name near our river Laba.

Laba - the largest left tributary of the Kuban - is formed from the confluence of the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba, originating from glaciers on the Northern slope of the Main Caucasian Range.

In the upper reaches of the Laba - a stormy river flowing in a deep gorge, the banks are covered coniferous forest(spruce, fir). In the lower - the coast is gentle, the current is calm, at the mouth - smooth.

Feeds on account precipitation and melting ice. It flows into the Kuban near Ust-Labinsk.

Laba gives the name to the cities of Labinsk and Ust-Labinsk.

I. LABA RIVER

1.1. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION

The Laba River is the largest waterway Labinsk region. Its beginning is considered to be the confluence of the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba rivers. The length of the actual river. Laba is 214 km long, and if we consider its length together with Bolshaya Laba, then it is 341 km, the total area of ​​​​its drainage basin is 12,500 km2.

The sources of Bolshaya Laba are knocked out from under the glaciers of Mount Abytskha, located in the Main Caucasian Range. There are three passes on it: Laba (2521 m), under the very source of the river and leading to the Gvashtukhva tract, belonging to the Bzybi basin, and to the west of it, the Tsargekhulir and Tsegerker passes (2270 m), leading to the Grybza tract, also belonging to the Bzybi, one of the main and most beautiful rivers of Abkhazia.

The appearance of the Tsegerker pass is remarkable, which, with its saddle, which looks like a long gutter, resembles the Pseashkho pass, and the Klukhor pass resembles a lake at the very pass window.

After countless small tributaries, of which only the Tsegerker, descending from the pass of the same name, and Burnaya, are worth mentioning, the Sancharo River flows into Laba from the left. Its narrow gorge is covered with a silent dense forest with a predominance of Caucasian fir and oriental spruce. In some places, the path is blocked by the blockages of trees formed as a result of avalanches. Seven kilometers from the mouth of the Sancharo, at the confluence of the river Adzapshch, there is a giant clearing called the Glade of the 7th post (once there was a veterinary post that controlled cattle on the way from Karachay to Abkhazia). The Adzapsh River is better known as Lashtrak (translated by Kislaya): in its valley, six kilometers from the mouth, there is a group of mineral springs flowing from small travertine hills and characterized by a high content of carbon dioxide. In twelve wells located side by side, with a diameter of a small saucepan, the water seems to boil, then through a system of gutters

It unites into a common stream, over the bend of the slope, falling in two powerful jets.

5 km above the Glade of the 7th post, the Sancharo gorge widens again, and the path leads out of the forest to an even more picturesque glade - Twamba, in the depths of which a large snow bridge is visible on the Sancharo River with a ribbon of a waterfall above it. Near the waterfall, a path rises, heading to the Allashtrakhu (2728 m) and Sancharo (2602 m) passes on the Main Caucasian Range. These two passes, together with the Adzapsh pass (2492 m) located above the Sancharsky narzan, form the group of the Sancharsky passes.

The section of the Main Caucasian Range, which includes this group of passes, is the most picturesque part of the Labinsk Alps, surpassing even the upper reaches of the Laba in beauty. Rocky amphitheaters of circuses, plumes of snowfields, numerous lakes on free upper terraces covered with alpine meadows or dressed with stone, the main thing is the endless panoramas of the mountain ranges of Abkhazia, Karachay and Caucasian Reserve on the

Description number:

the village of Volnoe, 500 m north of the village of Volnoe, on the left bank of the Laba River.

Position in relief: the terrain is flat.

Environment: bank of the Laba river.

Square: 3495.8 sq. m.

"C" - Pine, "D" - Red turf.

Crown density is the proportion of the earth's surface area occupied by the projection of crowns.

Measured from 1 to 0.1.

The stand formula, expressed in points from 1 to 10, is the proportion of different trees according to the ratio of trunks.

D 1.3 - the diameter of the trunks at a height of 1.3 m. For 10 trees, the circumference of the trunk was measured, received: 92 cm, 119 cm, 85 cm, 88 cm, 98 cm, 96 cm, 86 cm. , 115 cm, 78 cm, 105 cm, found the average -

96 cm. The diameter is equal to: the circumference divided by the number P, i.e. = 32.2 cm = 0.32 m.

The height of the Nder tree. It was determined as follows: a person whose height is known stands near the tree, another person moves a certain distance and marks the height of the first person and the height of the tree on the ruler, from the ratio of the obtained values ​​\u200b\u200bthe height of the tree was found.

The age of the trees was determined by whorls.

2. Assessing the impact of human activities on Pine forest.

The number of stumps is 6 pieces.

2. 5 garbage dumps were found on the surveyed area. Typical items: plastic bottles, food packaging, disposable tableware. These items were left by recreation lovers as well as 5 fire pits.

3. 5 bones were also found on the site

4. In the forest, a track has been made by cars that is not overgrown with grass.

5. Several clearings have been trampled on the territory, and the vegetation there is very sparse.

We decided to rate the ecological state of this forest area as “ two»

2nd forest massif.

1.

Description number

Geographic and local location:

the village of Volnoe, 200 m north of the village of Volnoe, on the left bank of the Laba River.

Position in relief: the terrain is flat.

Environment: from the north, the bank from the village of Volnoy, the left bank of the Laba River.

Square: 4550 sq. m.

Community name: ash-hazel forest.

"L" - Hazel, "A" - Cherry plum, "I" - Ash, "D" - Red turf.

2.Assessment of the impact of human activities on the ash-hazel forest.

1. We chose a site 20x20 m, calculated the number of trees and the number of stumps on it.

Number of trees - 95 pieces.

The number of stumps is 19 pieces.

2. Household garbage in bags was found on the surveyed area, 3 bags in total.

Plastic bags are very common.

three».

3rd forest massif.

1. Geobotanical description of the vegetation area.

Description number:

Geographic and local location:

the village of Volnoe, 300 m north of the village of Volnoe.

Position in relief: the terrain is flat.

Environment: a pine forest from the north, a settlement from the south.

Square: 10350 sq. m.

Community name: poplar - hawthorn - privet forest.

"PM" - black poplar, "B" - hawthorn, "Bir" - biryuchka, "TS" - silver poplar, "I" - apple tree,

2. Assessment of the impact of human activities on the poplar - hawthorn - privet forest.

1. We chose a site 20x20 m, calculated the number of trees and the number of stumps on it.

Number of trees - 68 pieces.

The number of stumps is 20 pieces.

2. On the site found along the paths of the heap household waste and construction waste.

Ecological state given array rated for " three».

Conclusion:

A person greatly influences the forest areas lying near the settlement, he cuts down trees, takes out garbage there, leaves garbage in places of rest.

1. Regularly visit forest areas and remove garbage.

2. Conduct explanatory work among the population.

3. Apply to the head of the administration of the Volnensky rural district with a request to separate the pine grove with a moat so that cars do not drive there

CONCLUSION

Natural complexes are protected as a living environment and economic activity the person where they are Natural resources, the gene pool of all living things is stored. They are natural laboratories for scientific research, sources of moral and aesthetic education. Only a correct understanding of nature, as a complex of interrelated components, can tell people the ways of correct, rational nature management.

Understanding Integrity natural complexes, interconnections and interdependence of components in the natural complex allows us to explain the need for careful intervention in natural environment in the process of economic activity, when communicating with nature on excursions, while traveling.

The protection of natural complexes in the Labinsk region is carried out on the territory of the Labinsk, Kurganinsky and Ust-Labinsky reserves.

The Labinsk reserve was organized in 1966, its area is 26.4 thousand hectares. Located south of the city Labinsk. The relief is hilly. The vegetation of the Labinsk reserve is quite diverse. The valley of the Laba River is occupied mainly by floodplain forest and shrubs, and steppe forbs are common on the slopes of ravines and hills. The floodplain forest consists of poplar, alder, willow, oak, birch bark, maple, ash, pear, apple tree and shrubs: blackthorn, buckthorn, pigtail, cherry plum, hawthorn, wild rose, etc. Pheasants, gray partridge, hare, mink live here , marten, Altai squirrel, as well as otter, red fox, wild cat, weasel, polecat. Due to the large number of pheasant in the reserve, hunting is allowed under a license.

Ust-Labinsky reserve, organized in 1959 on an area of ​​2 thousand hectares, is located in the valley of the Laba River. The territory of the reserve is covered with shrubs: blackthorn, wild rose, hawthorn, willows, viburnum, as well as meadow-marsh vegetation. There are a hare, a pheasant, which is allowed to hunt under licenses.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANFIPOV N.V. ANCIENT SETTLEMENTS OF THE KUBAN REGION. KRASNODAR: KN. PUBLICATION, 1953 BORISOV V. I. RIVER KUBAN / V. I. BORISOV - KRASNODAR: KN. PUBLISHING HOUSE, 1978 VAZHNOV AN ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS OF THE RUNOFF OF THE RIVER OF THE CAUCASUS / AI VAZHNOV - M. GIDROMETEOIZDAT, 19ST. VLADIMIROV L. A. WATER BALANCE OF THE GREATER CAUCASUS (WITHOUT THE AZERBAIJANIAN AND DAGESTAN PART) / L. A. VLADIMIROV - TBILISI: METSNIEREB, 19 ST. WATER BALANCE OF THE CAUCASUS AND ITS GEOGRAPHICAL REGULARITIES - TBILISI: METSNIEREBA, 19ST. GALKIN G. A. DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH IN THE KUBAN DURING THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD / G. A. GALKIN, N. G. KELETA / / GEOGRAPHY OF THE KRASNODAR REGION - KRASNODAR: PUBLICATION OF KUBGU, 1994, ST.222-227 GEOGRAPHY OF KUBAN. ENCYCLOPEDIC DICTIONARY - MAIKOP:, 20ST. DINNIK N. Ya. . AVERAGE FLOW AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN THE YEAR ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CAUCASUS / B. D. ZAIKOV / / TRNIU HMS SER. IV, no. 40- L.: GIDROMETEOIZDAT, 19ST. ZON S. V. ZEGEDAN VALLEY IN THE UPPER LABA RIVERS IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS - Izvestiya PGO, 1946, V. 78, ISSUED. 4 KOROVIN A. V. GEOGRAPHICAL REGULARITIES OF THE RUNOFF OF THE RIVERS OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS / A. V. KOROVIN - KRASNODAR, 1980 - DEP. At VINITI, . KOROVIN V. I. THE INFLUENCE OF REGULARITIES ON THE UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF RUNOFF WITHIN THE YEAR (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE KUBAN RIVER BASIN)/ V. I. KOROVIN, N. YU. 1988- Ch.1.- ST. 34-36 KOROVIN VI GENETIC STRUCTURE OF FLOODS AND FLOODS ON THE RIVERS OF THE NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS OVER A 275-YEAR PERIOD/ VI KOROVIN, GA GALKIN// Izv. ANSSSR, SER. GEOGR., 1979- No. 3- ST.90-94 KOROVIN V.I. HYDROGRAPHIC NETWORK OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS// V.I. KOROVIN, A.V. KOROVIN V. I. NATURE OF THE KRASNODAR REGION / SCIENTIFIC. A ROW OF VI KOROVIN - KRASNODAR: KN. Publishing House, 19PLATUNOV GA ANALYSIS OF THE RUNOFF OF THE CAUCASUS GLACIAL FEEDING RIVERS, GLACIER AREAS: Tr. GLACIER EXPEDITIONS / G. A. PLATUNOV, V. M. SOKOLNIKOV - L .: GIDROMETEOIZDAT, 1936 - ISS. V SEREDIN R. M. FLORA AND VEGETATION OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS / M. R. SEREDIN - KRASNODAR, KN. Publishing House, 1979-88 ST. TIKHOMIROV V. R. MOUNTAIN WORLD OF KUBAN - KRASNODAR: KN. Publishing House, 19ST. KHUTORTSOV I. I. INFLUENCE OF FELLING IN THE MOUNTAINS ON THE DRAIN OF WATER AND SEDIMENTS IN MOUNTAIN WATER COURSES FORMING THE KUBAN RIVER / I. I. KHUTORTSOV / / MATERIALS OF THE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON GEOGRAPHY OF THE KUBAN - KRASNODAR: PUBLICATION OF KUBGU, 1971 50-52

Laba (Adyghe and Kabard.-Cherk. Labezh) is a river in the North Caucasus, a left tributary of the Kuban River.

One of the most significant rivers in the Western Caucasus, the left tributary of the Kuban. Circassians call her "Labe".

A popular river among all water tourists in Russia!

There is no single judgment about the origin of the hydronym. The most popular are two opinions. One connects the name with the Iranian-language ancient term "Alb" ("Alb") - white.

The other is with the Iranian-language topoelement “lab” (“lav”), which in Persian means “shore”.

basin of the Kuban and Laba rivers

However, other comparisons can be productive as well. So, one of the tributaries of the Malaya Laba originates from Mount Louba (an Abaza word of obscure meaning), by the name of the Abaza princes Loovs (Loo), and in the language of the Svans - the mountainous Georgian neighbors of the Abaza - the word "labna" means a source.

These parallels are considered. K. Kh. Meretukov, “maybe shed some light on the meaning of the name of the river.”

Geography

It is formed by the confluence of Bolshaya Laba and Malaya Laba, which originate from glaciers on the northern slope of the Main Range of the Greater Caucasus.

Length (together with Bolshaya Laba) - 347 km, from the confluence with Malaya Laba - 214 km, basin area 12,500 km². In the upper reaches of the Laba and its tributaries are turbulent mountain rivers flowing in deep gorges.

In the lower reaches of the river, the banks are gentle, the current is calm. The food of the river is mixed: snow, glacial and rain. The average flow near the mouth is 95.7 m³/sec. Laba freezes at the end of December, but not every year, it opens in late February - early March. Used for irrigation.

On its flat part, the Laba receives many tributaries, most of them are regulated, their flow is a string of ponds (on the Krasnodar side) or irrigation canals (on the Adyghe side).

At the same time, rice checks built in the lower reaches of the Laba in the 70s of the XX century are not currently used.

Laba river near the mouth, Kuban

Main tributaries:

Chamlyk (right); Hodz, Chokhrak, Ulka, Giaga, Psenatha, Fars (left).

Settlements on the river

On the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia, up to the confluence of the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba, on its banks there are settlements: Pkhiya, Damkhurts, Zagedan, Rozhkao, Asian; the villages of Psemen, Kurdzhinovo, Ershov, Predgornoye, Podskalnoye. Then Bolshaya Laba flows already through the territory of the Krasnodar Territory - the first settlement is the village of Akhmetovskaya. At the village of the Kaladzhinskaya river, Bolshaya and Malaya Laba merge.

At the exit from the mountain-forest zone, the Laba flows through the flat territory of the Krasnodar Territory. After the urban-type settlement of Mostovskoy, the border of the region with Adygea passes along the river.

On the right (Krasnodar) side are the cities of Labinsk and Kurganinsk, a number of villages: Zassovskaya, Vladimirskaya, Rodnikovskaya, Temirgoevskaya, Vozdvizhenskaya, Tenginskaya, Novolabinskaya, Nekrasovskaya.

On the Adyghe side there are Adyghe auls, Russian villages and settlements: Khodz, Natyrbovo, Koshekhabl, Egerukhai, Sokolov, Pshizo, Dzhambichi, Saratovsky, Khatukai.

Opposite the confluence of the Laba with the Kuban is the city of Ust-Labinsk.

SHORT DIRECTION ON THE LABA RIVER (130 km).

(The report was prepared by A.V. Krivonos and S.V. Kryukov. Meteorological observation data by Aleksashia A.E. Serebrennikov I.I. took part in the correction of the report)

Kurganinsk - Temirgoevskaya (50 km) - Temninskaya (35 km) - Ust-Labinsk (45 km).

May, September - October, 7.5 points.

Rafting starts from Art. Kurgan railway Armavir - Tuapse.

Here it is 2.5 km to the banks of the Laba near the road bridge. From the station, you can get here by buses, following to Koshekhabl, located on the other side of the river; in front of the bridge is a convenient place to assemble a kayak and set up camp.

Malaya Laba river valley

At the beginning of the route, the width of the Laba is 40-50 m, the banks are low, the channel is pebbly, the current is fast, the water is clear, there are frequent shivers. After 5 - 6 km, the river enters the floodplain forest, which accompanies it almost without interruption to the mouth. The main obstacles on Laba are snags, trees that have fallen into the water and coastal bushes, on which water is falling.

From Art. Temirgoevskaya, where the muddy Chamlyk flows into Laba, the right bank begins to rise and at Vozdvizhenskaya it is a clay cliff 25 - 30 m high. Downstream it becomes even higher, and Laba begins to write out large loops and calms down. Near the mouth it is already a calm flat river 60-80 m wide, flowing in a wooded floodplain.

The journey ends on the right bank of the Kuban (on which you will have to walk about 3 km) at the road bridge in Ust-Labinsk. From the coast to the bus stop, which can take you to the road or railway station, less than 0.5 km. Ust-Labinsk is connected by bus and rail to Krasnodar and Kavkazskaya, which are located on highways leading to the center of the country.

General rise at 6:30.

At 8:20 we left (the car arrived in the evening). In the villages of Kardonikskaya and Zelenchukskaya, they bought food for the journey at the bazaars. Several times we made "technical" stops for 3-5 minutes. At 13 o'clock for 5 minutes we stopped for inspection at the threshold of the "Gag" on the Bolshaya Laba River. At 14:30 we crossed Bolshaya Laba across the bridge near the village of Svinyachiy, 3 kilometers from the village of Zagedan. Based on the reports of previous years, we did not go further, because there are bad parking places, and there are no obstacles worthy of attention. We set up camp on the right bank just below the bridge. In photo 9 - unloading from the car, in the background - the bridge.

Withstood the visit of drunken lumberjacks. Then they were checked by the border guards. A detachment of three servicemen armed with machine guns asked to see passports and passes to the border zone. After checking the documents and verifying the pass numbers with the frontier post by radio, the border guards left.

They collected catamarans, prepared for the rafting, discussed the tactics of movement for the next day.

Lights out at 21:30. Rafting on the river Laba

Seventh day of travel. Fourth walking day.

Passed "barrels", shafts, clamps - "background" 3 categories of difficulty. The power of Big Laba in comparison with Aksaut is immediately felt. At 10:50 moored on the left bank opposite the pillars of the destroyed bridge on the right bank. The landmark is very noticeable, it is impossible to pass by. In some directions it is stated that here is the beginning of the canyon "Sosnovy". With that in mind, we reviewed. We found out that the chalk at the destroyed bridge was premature, because 700 meters after, behind the left turn, there is a large clearing on the left bank. This is the upper parking lot of the canyon, where several groups were camped. At 11:20 the catamarans were moored to this clearing, and the carry-out of things began. The road passes over the river, but because of the trees, most of the canyon is not visible.

Behind the canyon they set up a camp on a ledge between the road and the river. This is the bottom of the canyon. There are many groups here, and in order to stake out the place, tents have been set up.

Taking photo-video equipment and a first aid kit, we started moving up the canyon with simultaneous viewing. On the way, we planned a place for installing a catamaran for the "lower" insurance - beyond the threshold "Bring me, Lord!". Most of the canyon was examined from below, from the water.

The crew of the catamaran "Red Sun"-maxi encircled the catamaran and at 14:40 stood on the "lower" belay in the intended place. The rest of the crews moored the catamarans to sand beach right bank before the threshold "Farewell, Motherland!". The first to prepare to pass the threshold "Farewell, Motherland!" catamaran 4-ka "Raftmaster". To insure a catamaran 4-ki, one catamaran 2-ki was not enough. Therefore, catamarans 2-ka "Raftmaster" and "Red Sun"-mini were brought along the right bank over the threshold and installed for insurance from the water. The crew of the catamaran "Kulik" filmed and belayed with a rescue line from a cliff above the "barrel" of the threshold "Farewell, Motherland!". In addition, an additional rescue end belay was set by a parallel group just below the threshold, but before the water belay. This group then took advantage of our insurance while passing the threshold. The insurer from the cliff above the "barrel" simultaneously served as a signalman, since he was seen by both the starting crews and the rest of the insurance.

Catamaran 4-ka "Raftmaster" successfully passed the threshold, energetically breaking through the "barrel" near the left bank. In photo 10 "Raftmaster" at the entrance to the threshold. There is video footage of the passage.

threshold "Farewell, Motherland!"

They regrouped. Catamaran 4-ka "Raftmaster" got on the insurance. The crew of the 2nd "Raftmaster" was engaged in insurance of the rescue end, photo and video filming. We missed several catamarans of other groups. The insurance "caught" the kayaker, who failed to get up again after the main drain.

The catamaran "Kulik" passed the threshold "Farewell, Motherland!" closer to the rock on the right bank. In our water in this place, the "barrel" was not so "evil".

Then there was a coup in the rapids of the catamaran 2 from another group. One of the rowers was pulled out with a rescue end, and after the other, the 4-ka Raftmaster catamaran followed. The man was pulled onto a catamaran. "Raftmaster" moored to the right bank in the middle of the canyon before reaching the place on the left bank, from where they start to the threshold "Bring me, Lord!".

All ships successfully passed the canyon and moored on the left bank in front of the threshold "Bring me, Lord!". We set up a safety line after the threshold (belay from the water below the threshold has been in place since the beginning of the canyon), two signalmen at the turn of the river and photography. In the future, the rescue end belay was replaced by water belay, and members of other groups were used as signalmen. The shooting of the last crews with their cameras was not carried out.

threshold "Farewell, Motherland!"

For some crews, it was difficult to keep the catamaran on an even course in the narrow rocky corridor of the threshold: the catamarans either began to twist or pressed against the wall. Vessels that passed the threshold replenished insurance. "Kulik" helped to hoist the inverted catamaran of the 2-ku of another group. We finished the passage of the canyon at 17:20.

Dinner. Then dinner.

Hang up at 22:00.

Rise on duty at 7:00. General rise at 8:00. Departure at 10:15. Movement order: "Kulik", 2-ka "Raftmaster", "Red Sun"-maxi, "Red Sun"-mini, 4-ka "Raftmaster".

At 10:25 we moored in front of the Maly Blyb canyon. We explored the canyon. Carry things. They brought the catamaran "Red Sun" -maxi and put it on insurance behind the canyon. Over the key place of the canyon - a drain in the rocky narrowing with a "barrel" - they put up insurance with a rescue end. Photographers and videographers were also installed here. We passed the canyon one by one, changing the insurance and photo-videographers. Photographs 13 - 15 show catamarans passing through the Maly Blyb canyon. Rafting on the river Laba

When passing through the canyon, the ships made a maneuver from shore to shore to avoid surface and pouring stones, "barrels". In case of impossibility of bypass, it was necessary to break through the "barrels". The canyon was passed without any accidents. Finished the passage at 13:20.

Between the canyon "Small Blyb" and the canyon "Salt Rocks" there was a sloping section with shafts up to 1 meter. At 13:50 we parked on the right bank behind the Upper Solenovsky Bridge.

At 16:30 we began to explore the canyon "Salty Rocks". In the "Kirpich" threshold we watched how the crew rescued the remains of a wrecked catamaran 4-ki, which fell under a half-washed log in the threshold. At 19:20 we returned to the camp after finishing the inspection of the canyon.

Salt Rocks Threshold

Ninth day of travel. Sixth walking day.

General rise at 6:00. At 8:00 began the removal of things. At 9 o'clock things were left on a small "shelf" between the rapids "Brick" and "Gag" near the rock "Stone Rack" under the supervision of another group.

We began preparations for the passage of the section from the beginning of the canyon to the threshold "Kirpich". We installed 4 rescue ends for insurance. Organized photo and video shooting. We determined the procedure for passing the first part of the canyon, the procedure for changing insurance and photo-video operators. The first-aid kit was hidden at the end of the section planned for the passage.

The first to pass the beginning of the "Salty Rocks" canyon was a 4-ka catamaran "Raftmaster" (Photo 16). After the successful completion of the "Raftmaster" got on the insurance. After that, the insurance was canceled by the Spascons. Further passage of the canyon section was carried out with a ten-minute interval between ships.

Laba river, threshold Salty rocks

The next was the first part of the "Salty Rocks" catamaran "Kulik". Then - catamaran "Red Sun"-mini. After that, the passage was carried out by the catamaran 2-ka "Raftmaster" (Photo 18). The catamaran "Red Sun"-maxi completed the passage of the beginning of the "Salty Rocks" canyon (Photo 19). The passage was carried out with the care of the "barrels" and surface stones. "Barrels", which were impossible to bypass, "made their way". All the crews successfully passed the intended section of the canyon and moored to the left bank in front of the "Kirpich" threshold.

At 12 o'clock they began to carry the ships over the threshold "Kirpich". "Red Sun" -maxi, "Red Sun" -mini and 2 "Raftmaster" were surrounded. The crews of catamarans 4 "Raftmaster" and "Kulik" decided the issue of the possibility of passing the threshold.

At this time, a catamaran of 4 from another group began to pass the threshold "Kirpich". After entering the threshold, the crew could not work to the left and the catamaran was dragged under a semi-drenched log. One of the crew members was squeezed between a log and a catamaran. The situation was complicated by the fact that, as it turned out later, none of the team had sling cutters and therefore there was no opportunity to cut the catamaran cylinders and stops in order to free their comrade. The man managed to be saved simply by a miracle, untying the stops under the pressure of the water flow and freeing the rower from the life jacket. All attempts to save the catamaran came to nothing. Subsequently, the wreckage of the catamaran was washed out from under the log and went downstream.

Having observed this (the second in two days) accident in the threshold of "Kirpich" and taking into account that not the strongest crew members work on the left cylinders of the catamarans 4-ka "Raftmaster" and "Kulik", namely from the work of the "left" in greater degree depends on the success of the passage, it was decided to enclose these catamarans over the threshold.

Only the crew of the catamaran "Kulik" decided to pass the lower part of the canyon. The rest of the crews took their ships to the parking lot at the rock "Stone Haystack". Behind this rock, a mini-catamaran "Red Sun" was installed for insurance from the water. The start time was agreed - 13:45. "Kulik" passed the lower part of the canyon adhering to the right bank. In order not to jump from a large stone slab, which occupies 2/3 of the channel, a "ballerina" was made, which was outlined during the inspection, near the right bank. In the last drain with a "barrel" near the rock "Stone Haystack", a sailor fell out of the supports of the catamaran. Self-rafting was short-lived: the safety catamaran took the victim on board. "Kulik" was helped to moor with a rescue end.

After that, the catamaran "Red Sun"-mini took part in the crossing from the opposite shore of the crew of the 4-ki broken in the "Brick".

The crew of the catamaran 4-ki "Raftmaster" on this decided to finish their route.

At 14:50 lunch.

With our water, the threshold "Gag" was difficult to pass. The probability of its accident-free overcoming for the crews of our group was estimated below 50%. And although insurance is well exposed outside the threshold, they nevertheless decided to enclose it.

Until 15:40 catamarans and things were carried over the threshold of the "Gag". While other crews were tying things together, the crew of the "Red Sun" mini catamaran moored the inverted catamaran of another group, which was sailing without rowers. This "Flying Dutchman" independently passed the "Gag" threshold. As it turned out later, the ship crashed in a "barrel" near the rock "Stone Stog", the rowers were pulled out by the Spascons.

We started from the "Gag" at 16:45. Movement order: "Kulik", 2 "Raftmaster", "Red Sun" -maxi, "Red Sun" -mini. Passed a number of obstacles 2 - 2+ categories of difficulty: clamps, toadstools. At 17 o'clock we passed the village of Rozhkao. At 17:20 we parked on the left bank before reaching the left tributary - the river. Oil.

Hang up at 22:00.

Tenth day of travel. Seventh running day.

Rise on duty at 7:00. General rise at 8:00. Departure at 9:45.

The order of movement is the same as in the evening of the previous day. Passed the "Fourth Canyon", shiveristye areas, "robbery". Everything went at once. We stopped for 10 minutes. At 11:10 we finished the route in the village of Mostovaya Polyana on the right bank. Opposite - on the left bank - the southern tip of the village Kurdzhinovo. Previously, they were connected by a road bridge. Now it is destroyed.

Ships were dismantled, dried and repacked.

We left for Armavir at 17:10 in two cars, one of which was with a trailer. Cars from Kurzhdinovo, agreed with the drivers through the residents of the village of Mostovaya Polyana. At 19:50 arrived at the railway station "Armavir R".

Eleventh day of travel.

Departure of train No. 027 Kislovodsk - Moscow at 01:35. The train goes through Ukraine, so the customs officers and border guards did not let us get bored.

LABA RIVER PILOT

Potentially dangerous sections (obstacles, phenomena) on the route

In addition to natural obstacles, which are decisive for this category of complexity, which are described in section 5 "Determining obstacles of the route" of the first part of the report and in section 6 " Technical description group passing the route" of the second part of the report, the danger in this geographical area is landslides, mudflows and landslides. So, from a large amount of precipitation, a few days after the group moved from Aksaut to Bolshaya Laba, in the gorge through which Aksaut flows, mudflow came down. mountain rivers in general, and on the rivers of this route in particular, sometimes there is a sharp rise in the water level, reaching one and a half meters. These factors should be taken into account when choosing parking areas.

List of the most interesting natural, historical and other objects (occupations) on the route

The nature of the area along which the route runs is very beautiful. In the beginning of May Mountain peaks covered with snow, which gives the landscapes a special majestic look. At this time of the year, many plants bloom, further decorating the surrounding views.

On the right bank in the area of ​​the "Two Bridges" canyon on the Aksaut River there is an obelisk - a monument to those who died here in the battles for the defense of the Caucasus during the Great Patriotic War.

In the area of ​​the "Fourth Canyon" on the Bolshaya Laba River, one can observe the left bank, covered with a coating of "rust". This place used to be an iron mine.

The declared route, in general, was passed by the group. Only the most difficult rapids remained unpassed: "Brick" and "Gag". At the time of the trip, the complexity of these rapids exceeded, according to our estimate, average level"five" obstacles.

The hike allowed all participants to evaluate their real strengths and draw conclusions: what categories of difficulty they are ready for hikes.

At the time of the trip, in order to stay on Bolshaya Laba above the Damkhurts camp site, it was necessary to issue passes to the border zone. This should be done in advance in the city of Cherkessk.

Nowhere on the rafting sections of the Aksaut and Bolshaya Laby rivers does cellular communication work. The only place where at least some kind of connection appears is the village of Kurdzhinovo (Mostovaya Polyana). They say you can contact cellular communication if you climb up the mountain. But this seems to be a very difficult and long task. Bee-Line, Sonnet and Megafon operate in the region. "MTS" - does not work.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:

Team Nomads.

http://www.skitalets.ru/water/

Kokov J. N. Adyghe (Circassian) toponymy. Nalchik 1974, p. 218-219

Meretukov K-X. Adyghe toponymic dictionary. Maykop. 1981, p. 69-70

Dinnik N. Ya., Laba, a tributary of the Kuban // encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.

Voronov Yu.B. "100 Favorite Kayaking Routes". M., "Mir", 1993.

http://club.foto.ru/

Laba- the river, the left tributary of the Kuban, originates from under the Main Caucasian Range (Laba pass), flows into the Kuban opposite the city of Ust-Labinsk. Length - 250 km. Laba is one of the significant rivers of the Western Caucasus. It has a lot of tributaries: the right ones are Phiya, Charokh, Big Burn, Shantatsara, Zagedanka, Psemen and others, the left ones are Sanchara, Makera, Mamhurts, Damkhurts, Zakan, Big and Small Blyb, Rozhkao, Beskes, Malaya Laba and others. On the origin of the name of the hydronym, there are different points vision. The Adyghe people call the former channel (now the highest) Labezh - "the old (big) Laba". During floods, the waters of Laba rush here and stand idle until late summer. The riverbed runs northeast of the Yegerukhay a. The most popular opinion about the Indo-European (Iranian) etymology of the name. E.M.Murzaev finds that the hydronym Laba can be correlated with Lob, possibly having an Iranian basis. At the same time, E.M. Murzaev refers to A. Sobolevsky that the roots lob, lop, lyub, lab in his geographical names are associated with the ancient alb (al b) - “white”. The Indo-European nature of the name can also be evidenced by the correspondence - Elba (German) - Laba (Slav), which is natural from a phonetic point of view. M. Vasmer believes that the name Laba - a tributary of the Kuban - should be separated from the Serbo-Croatian Lab, as well as from the name of the Elbe River. V.A. Nikonov notes that it is “impossible to establish the etymology of the Kuban Laba without involving hydronyms with –ba in the Volga basin.” A.V. Superansky admits the possibility of a connection between the hydronym Laba and the topoelement lab (lav), which in Persian means “shore” (cf. Taj. lab - “shore”). The idea of ​​the Iranian nature of the hydronym can be confirmed by the fact that in the toponymy of the Central and Western Ciscaucasia, a layer of names of the same linguistic affiliation is noticeable. Kh.-MI Khadzhilaev points out that in the Yakut language the word laba means “branch”, “river source”. K.Kh.Meretukov draws attention to the Svan vocabulary Labna - "source". He also notes that one of the tributaries of the Malaya Laba originates from Mount Loyub (an oronym with Abaza etymology). It is possible that the name of the river and the mountain originally sounded Laupa / Lauba - “son of Lau, i.e. Loova". As can be seen from the toponymic literature, the names of many springs contain anthroponyms - surnames and names of people. The older generation of Abaza according to Laboy (Labay) means not only the river, but also the place of residence of the Adyghes - Adygea. In the Laba Valley is the city of Labinsk - a regional center in the Krasnodar Territory (founded in 1841)

This dictionary entry tells how you can explain or translate into Russian the origin of the name Laba. This transcript (explanation) of this toponym is given according to the book by A.V. Tverdy "Toponymic Dictionary of the Caucasus".

There are possible, and even certainly there are typos and inaccuracies caused by both scanning and post-processing. There is not enough strength to "catch" them all alone, but you can - I will fix it. Also, due to the fact that this collection of dictionary entries contains books by several authors, different interpretations of the same name are possible - this is normal - truth is born in a dispute. I will be grateful for the sent additions, clarifications and other works on toponymy