Description: War Thunder is a next generation military MMO game dedicated to...
- Situations of moral choice show the true qualities of a person
- A brave, strong-willed person in a difficult life situation would rather choose death than a shameful life.
- Moral choices are often so complex that they can lead to dire consequences.
- Only a coward can go over to the side of someone he considered an enemy for a better life.
- Situations of moral choice are not always associated with a threat to human life
- By the behavior of a person in situations of moral choice, we can judge his inner qualities.
- A real person, devoted to his moral principles, will not be stopped by any life circumstances
Arguments
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" More than once, Petr Grinev found himself in difficult life situations when he had to make a choice on which his future life depended. During the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, the hero had two ways: to recognize the sovereign in Pugachev or to be executed. Despite fear, Pyotr Grinev refused to swear allegiance to the impostor, not daring to betray his native country. This is not the only situation of moral choice in which the hero made the right decision and proved that he is a man of honor. Already under investigation, he did not mention that he was connected with Pugachev because of Masha Mironova, because he did not want trouble for his beloved. If Pyotr Grinev had told about her, the girl would certainly have been brought to the investigation. He did not want this, although such information could justify him. Situations of moral choice showed the true inner qualities of Pyotr Grinev: the reader understands that he is a man of honor, devoted to the Motherland and true to his word.
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The fate of Tatyana Larina is tragic. In love with Eugene Onegin, she did not see anyone as her fiancé. Tatyana has to marry Prince N., a good man, whom she, however, does not love. Eugene rejected her, not taking the girl's confession of love seriously. Later, Onegin sees her at one of the social evenings. Tatyana Larina is changing: she becomes a stately princess. Eugene Onegin writes letters to her, confesses his love, hoping that she will leave her husband. For Tatyana, this is a situation of moral choice. She does the right thing: she keeps her honor and loyalty to her husband. Although Tatyana is still in love with Onegin, she asks to be left alone.
M. Sholokhov "The fate of man." The trials people have gone through war time, showed the willpower and character of each. Andrey Sokolov showed himself as a man loyal to the military duty of soldiers. Once captured, he was not afraid to express his thoughts about the backbreaking work that the prisoners were forced to do. When, due to someone's denunciation, he was called to Muller, the hero refused to drink for the victory of German weapons. He was ready to endure hunger, to give up the desire to drink before death, but to preserve his honor and show the true qualities of a Russian soldier. The moral choice of Andrei Sokolov allows us to consider him a real person with great strength, who loves his country.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The situation of moral choice, in which Natasha Rostova finds herself, is not connected with the threat to her life. When everyone left Moscow besieged by the French, the Rostov family took away their belongings. The heroine was faced with a choice: to take things away or give carts to transport the wounded. Natasha Rostova chose not things, but help people. The situation of moral choice showed that for the heroine material well-being is not as important as helping those who are in trouble. We can say that Natasha Rostova is a person with high moral values.
M. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita". Everyone makes a moral choice based on their life principles, goals, attitudes and desires. The dearest person in life for Margarita was her Master. To see her beloved, she no doubt agreed to a deal with the devil. In a situation of moral choice, she chose what is dearest to her, despite all the horror of the way to achieve her goal. Margarita was ready for anything, even for such a dishonorable act, because the meeting with the Master was vital for her.
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Sometimes only the opportunity to choose one's own life path reveals true human qualities. Andriy, the youngest son of Taras Bulba, who went over to the side of the enemy because of his love for the Pole, showed the true traits of his character in a situation of moral choice. He betrayed his father, brother and his homeland, showing vulnerability to the power of love. A real warrior would not reckon with any enemy, but Andriy was not like that. Circumstances broke him, showed the inability of the young man to be faithful to military duty, devoted to his native land.
V. Sanin "Seventy degrees below zero". Sinitsyn did not prepare winter fuel for Gavrilov, which endangered Gavrilov's life in severe frosts. Sinitsyn had a choice: at first he wanted to do everything to ensure the safety of the expedition, but then he was afraid of adverse consequences for his mistake and left everything as it was. The situation of moral choice showed that Sinitsyn is a cowardly person, for whom the desire to remain without punishment is more important than the life of another person, which depends on him.
(according to the works of the war period)
How it was! How coincident-
War, trouble, dream and youth!
And it all sunk into me
And only then I woke up!
(David Samoilov)
The world of literature is complex wonderful world and at the same time very controversial. Especially at the turn of the century, where newly pouring, new collides with what sometimes sees or becomes exemplary, classic. Either one formation is replaced by another: views, ideology change accordingly, sometimes even morality, the foundations collapse (which happened at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries). Everything changes. And today, on the threshold of the 21st century, we feel it ourselves. Only one thing remains unchanged: memory. We should be grateful to those writers who left behind once recognized, and sometimes unrecognized work. These works make us think about the meaning of life, return to that time, look at it through the eyes of writers of different trends, compare conflicting points of view. These works are a living memory of those artists who did not remain ordinary contemplators of what was happening. “How much memory is in a person, so much is a person in him,” writes V. Rasputin. And let our grateful memory be our indifferent attitude to their creations.
We survived a terrible war, perhaps the most terrible and difficult in terms of its victims and destruction in the entire history of mankind. A war that brought millions of innocent lives of mothers and children behind it, trying to somehow resist this wedge of fascism, which goes deeper and deeper into the consciousness of every person on the planet. But after more than half a century, we are beginning to forget the horror and fear that our fathers and grandfathers experienced while defending their homeland. We are no longer surprised by the slightly disguised swastika of Hitler's Nazism. It is strange why the country and the people who stopped fascism, it would seem once and for all, are now getting people like Ilyukhin and Barkashov. Why, hiding behind the holy ideals of the unity and well-being of mother Russia, they at the same time walk around with Nazi swastikas on their sleeves and images of Hitler on their chests.
And again, Russia is faced with a choice - a choice so complex and ambiguous that it makes one think about the meaning of worldly existence and the purpose of our existence on this planet.
In this work, I tried what is called to delve into the very essence of these two words - choice and morality. What do they mean for each of us and how we will behave in a situation that pushes us to an immoral crime, pushes us to a crime against ourselves, against the established opinion about the purity of the human soul and about morality, against the laws of God.
Choice is nothing but a variant of the further path of human development. Choice, with the only difference, differs from fortune, that choice is a deliberate, conscious and thoughtful behavior of a person, directed or better to say proceeding from human needs and the main sense of self-preservation.
What are good and beautiful, in my opinion, the writers of the war period, if only because they are a mirror of the human soul. As if approaching a person, they turn to a certain angle, thereby showing the soul of a person from all sides. Vyacheslav Kondratiev, in my opinion, is no exception.
The novels and stories of Kondratiev take us to Far East(heroes served in the army there, the war found them there), and in the wary - harsh, but calm Moscow forty-two. But in the center of the artistic universe of Kondratiev, that Ovsyannikov field - in craters from mines, shells and bombs, with uncleaned corpses, with bullet-proof helmets lying around, with a tank knocked out in one of the first battles.
Ovsyannikovskoe field is not remarkable in anything. Field as field. But for the heroes of Kondratiev, everything important in their life takes place here, and many are not destined to cross it, they will remain here forever. And those who are lucky enough to return from here alive will remember it forever in all its details. - every hollow, every hillock, every path. For those who fight here, even the smallest thing is of no small importance: huts, and small trenches, and the last pinch of terrycloth, and felt boots that cannot be dried in any way, and half a pot of thin millet porridge a day for two. All this made up the life of a soldier at the forefront, that's what it was made of, what it was filled with. Even death was ordinary here, although the hope did not fade away that it was unlikely to get out of here alive and not crippled.
Now, from a distance of peaceful times, it may seem that Kondratiev’s details alone are not so significant. - you can do without them: the date that marked a pack of concentrate, cakes from rotten, sour potatoes. But it's all true, it was. Is it possible, turning away from dirt, blood, suffering, to appreciate the courage of a soldier, to truly understand what the war cost the people? It is here that the moral choice of the hero begins - between spoiled food, between corpses, between fear. A piece of war-torn land, a handful of people - the most ordinary, but at the same time unique in their own way on the entire planet. These people were able to endure, they were able to carry through the whole war a human being and a human soul, not once stained in this mess of a dirty war. Kondratiev in a small space completely depicted the life of the people. In the small world of the Ovsyannikov field, the essential features and patterns of the big world are revealed, the fate of the people is presented at a time of great historical upheavals. In the small, he invariably shows the big. The same date on a pack of concentrate, indicating that it was not from the reserve, but immediately, without delay or delay, got to the front, without further ado indicates the extreme limit of the tension of the forces of the whole country.
Front life - reality of a special kind: meetings here are fleeting - at any moment an order or a bullet could separate them for a long time, often forever. But under fire in a few days and hours, and sometimes in just one act, the character of a person manifested itself with such exhaustive fullness, with such utmost clarity and certainty, which are sometimes unattainable under normal conditions even with many years of friendly relations.
Imagine that the war spared both Sashka and that seriously wounded soldier from the “dads”, whom the hero, himself wounded, bandaged and to whom, having reached the medical platoon, he brought orderlies. Would Sasha remember this incident? Rather, there is nothing at all, for him there is nothing special about him, he did what he took for granted, without attaching any importance to it. But that wounded soldier, whose life Sashka saved, will certainly never forget him. What if he doesn't know anything about Sasha, not even his name. The act itself revealed to him the most important thing in Sasha. And if their acquaintance had continued, it would not have added so much to what he learned about Sasha in those few minutes when he knocked down his shell fragment, and he lay in the grove, bleeding. And not one event can characterize the morality of a person - than this one. And Sasha preferred right choice– the choice of human conscience and human mercy.
Often they say, referring to the fate of a person, - river of life. At the front, its course became catastrophically swift, it imperiously carried a person along with it and carried him from one bloody whirlpool to another. How little opportunity he had for free choice! But, choosing, each time he puts his life or the life of his subordinates at stake. The price of choice here is always life, although you usually have to choose things that seem ordinary - position with a wider view, cover on the battlefield.
Kondratiev is trying to convey this unstoppable movement of the flow of life that subjugates a person; sometimes he has a hero in the foreground - Sasha. And although he tries to use all the emerging opportunities for choice, he does not miss situations, the outcome of which may depend on his ingenuity, endurance, he - still at the mercy of this indomitable stream of military reality - while he is alive and well, he will again go on the attack, press himself under fire into the ground, eat what he has to, sleep where he has to ...
The story "Sasha" was immediately noticed and appreciated. Readers and critics, this time showing a rare unanimity, assigned it a place among the greatest successes of our military literature. This story, which made up the name of Vyacheslav Kondratiev, still reminds us of the horrors of that war.
But Kondratiev was not alone, the problems of moral choice fell on the shoulders of other writers of that time. Yuri Bondarev wrote a lot about the war, "Hot Snow" occupies a special place, opening up new approaches to solving the moral and psychological problems posed in his first stories - "Battalions ask for fire" and "Last volleys". These three books about the war are a complete and developing world, which reached in "Hot Snow" the greatest completeness and figurative power. The first stories, independent in all respects, were at the same time, as it were, a preparation for a novel, perhaps not yet conceived, but living in the depths of the writer's memory.
The events of the novel "Hot Snow" unfold near Stalingrad, south of the blockaded Soviet troops 6th Army of General Paulus, in the cold December 1942, when one of our armies in the Volga steppe withstood the attack of the tank divisions of Field Marshal Manstein, who sought to break through the corridor to the army of Paulus and withdraw it from the encirclement. The outcome of the battle on the Volga, and maybe even the timing of the end of the war itself, largely depended on the success or failure of this operation. The duration of the novel is limited to just a few days, during which the heroes of Yuri Bondarev selflessly defend a tiny patch of land from German tanks. Thus showing the height of human heroism and the boundlessness of Russian patriotism.
Andriy, younger son Taras Bulba, a choice had to be made: to remain faithful to his father and Motherland, or to embark on the path of betrayal, going over to the side of the enemy for the sake of love. The young man chose love without hesitation, betraying the people who were truly dear to him. In this situation of moral choice, Andriy's true inner qualities were revealed. His father, Taras Bulba, found himself in a situation of moral choice later. He could leave the traitor son alive or kill him, regardless of family ties. For Taras Bulba, honor is the most important thing, so he kills an unworthy son without betraying his principles.
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
The moment of the capture of the Belogorsk fortress was decisive for Pyotr Grinev in many respects. He had to make a choice: go over to the side of the impostor Pugachev or die a proud and worthy man. For Pyotr Grinev, the betrayal of the Motherland was shameful, he did not even think, having dishonored himself, to save his life. The hero chose execution and only due to circumstances remained alive. Even with the choice on which life depended, Pyotr Grinev remained true to his country. The situation of moral choice showed that he is a man of honor.
Its complete opposite is Shvabrin. This unworthy man immediately recognized the sovereign in Pugachev, saving his life. People like Shvabrin are disgusting. In situations of moral choice, they are ready to betray anyone, just to make it better for themselves.
M. Sholokhov "The fate of man"
Andrei Sokolov showed his best moral qualities in situations of moral choice. For example, in captivity of the Germans, being summoned for interrogation to Muller, he refused to drink for the victory of German weapons, although these minutes could be the last in his life. Andrei Sokolov, exhausted by hunger and overwork, remained true to his moral principles. He showed Muller the character of a real Russian soldier, which earned him respect. The German did not shoot Andrey Sokolov, recognizing in him worthy person, and sent back with bread and lard.
Arguments to the problem of moral choice can be found in almost every work. Are these three books not enough? Read short works by A.P. Chekhov or A.S. Pushkin. It is worth reading "War and Peace" by L.N. Tolstoy, if you are not afraid of large texts. No bank of arguments will give you the "foundation" from which you can easily find arguments for almost every problem.
When it comes to morality, our society tends to go to two extremes: the listener is arrogantly forced common truths, then people are afraid to use the phrase “moral choice” itself. The arguments of the moralists run into the arguments of the nihilists, but as a result a common person feels antipathy for both the "good" and the "bad" guys.
Where the sacrifices begin
A moral choice is a situation in which a person has to make or not make difficult decisions for himself for the benefit of another person or in accordance with his views and beliefs. Most often, the question is blunt: is a person ready to sacrifice his comfort and pleasure for the sake of another? Simple everyday questions can also include a moral choice: the husband and wife are tired, she is going to wash the dishes, will he take the initiative or leave him to fight with dirt, going to his favorite sofa?
How to discount goodness
If you think that the above example is too small, you are mistaken. Serious sacrifices can only be made by people who know how to control their moral will in small things. A single beautiful gesture does not prove that a person is able to consciously and for a long time be committed to the values of kindness. Most likely, the person will soon regret his decision. By the way, in the Orthodox Christian tradition, repentance destroys in the moral sense not only bad, but also good deeds. That is, if a person did good, and then regretted it, then good deed does not count. So morality is not a single gesture, but a lifestyle.
In your eyes
If an act does not give a person a visible reward, what makes him choose an option that is uncomfortable for himself? Psychologists have discovered that each of us naturally needs to feel good. Therefore, people tend to cheat - but on average, not much. Many will appropriate a small amount of money found, but if the amount is large, they will most likely return it to the owner. That is, inside each person there is something like a counter, a radar that does not allow him to fall below the bar set for himself. Self-deception on trifles occurs, but serious - only in mentally unhealthy people. So people want to feel “right”, at least in their own eyes, and are willing to pay for it with unclaimed rewards.
success and morality
The problem of human moral choice, so popular among philosophers and religious figures, was associated with the overall success of a person in life. It turns out that moral choice is associated with a person's ability to wait for a delayed reward instead of receiving it immediately. It turns out that moral people have higher self-control and the ability to achieve goals. So success and morality often go hand in hand. Many very rich people abroad, who honestly earned their money, give enormous amounts to charity.
A person makes a moral choice every day. To be faithful in big things, one must learn to be faithful in small things. It seems that this biblical thesis should simply be believed.
The problem of moral choice (based on the works of the war period)
How it was! How coincident-
War, trouble, dream and youth!
And it all sunk into me
And only then I woke up!
(David Samoilov)
The world of literature is a complex wonderful world, and at the same time very contradictory. Especially at the turn of the century, where newly pouring, new collides with what sometimes sees or becomes exemplary, classic. Either one formation is replaced by another: views, ideology change accordingly, sometimes even morality, the foundations collapse (which happened at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries). Everything changes. And today, on the threshold of the 21st century, we feel it ourselves. Only one thing remains unchanged: memory. We should be grateful to those writers who left behind once recognized, and sometimes unrecognized work. These works make us think about the meaning of life, return to that time, look at it through the eyes of writers of different trends, compare conflicting points of view. These works are a living memory of those artists who did not remain ordinary contemplators of what was happening. “How much memory is in a person, so much is a person in him,” writes V. Rasputin. And let our grateful memory be our indifferent attitude to their creations.
We survived a terrible war, perhaps the most terrible and difficult in terms of its victims and destruction in the entire history of mankind. A war that brought millions of innocent lives of mothers and children behind it, trying to somehow resist this wedge of fascism, which goes deeper and deeper into the consciousness of every person on the planet. But after more than half a century, we are beginning to forget the horror and fear that our fathers and grandfathers experienced while defending their homeland. We are no longer surprised by the slightly disguised swastika of Hitler's Nazism. It is strange why the country and the people who stopped fascism, it would seem once and for all, are now getting people like Ilyukhin and Barkashov. Why, hiding behind the holy ideals of the unity and well-being of mother Russia, they at the same time walk around with Nazi swastikas on their sleeves and images of Hitler on their chests.
And again, Russia is faced with a choice - a choice so complex and ambiguous that it makes one think about the meaning of worldly existence and the purpose of our existence on this planet.
In this work, I tried what is called to delve into the very essence of these two words - choice and morality. What do they mean for each of us and how we will behave in a situation that pushes us to an immoral crime, pushes us to a crime against ourselves, against the established opinion about the purity of the human soul and about morality, against the laws of God.
Choice is nothing but a variant of the further path of human development. Choice, with the only difference, differs from fortune, that choice is a deliberate, conscious and thoughtful behavior of a person, directed or better to say proceeding from human needs and the main sense of self-preservation.
What are good and beautiful, in my opinion, the writers of the war period, if only because they are a mirror of the human soul. As if approaching a person, they turn to a certain angle, thereby showing the soul of a person from all sides. Vyacheslav Kondratiev, in my opinion, is no exception.
The tales and stories of Kondratiev take us to the Far East (heroes served urgently in the army there, the war found them there), and to the wary - harsh, but calm Moscow forty-two. But in the center of the artistic universe of Kondratiev, that Ovsyannikov field - in craters from mines, shells and bombs, with uncleaned corpses, with bullet-proof helmets lying around, with a tank knocked out in one of the first battles.
Ovsyannikovskoe field is not remarkable in anything. Field as field. But for the heroes of Kondratiev, everything important in their life takes place here, and many are not destined to cross it, they will remain here forever. And those who are lucky enough to return from here alive will remember it forever in all its details. - every hollow, every hillock, every path. For those who fight here, even the smallest thing is of no small importance: huts, and small trenches, and the last pinch of terrycloth, and felt boots that cannot be dried in any way, and half a pot of thin millet porridge a day for two. All this made up the life of a soldier at the forefront, that's what it was made of, what it was filled with. Even death was ordinary here, although the hope did not fade away that it was unlikely to get out of here alive and not crippled.
Now, from a distance of peaceful times, it may seem that Kondratiev’s details alone are not so significant. - you can do without them: the date that marked a pack of concentrate, cakes from rotten, sour potatoes. But it's all true, it was. Is it possible, turning away from dirt, blood, suffering, to appreciate the courage of a soldier, to truly understand what the war cost the people? It is here that the moral choice of the hero begins - between spoiled food, between corpses, between fear. A piece of war-torn land, a handful of people - the most ordinary, but at the same time unique in their own way on the entire planet. These people were able to endure, they were able to carry through the whole war a human being and a human soul, not once stained in this mess of a dirty war. Kondratiev in a small space completely depicted the life of the people. In the small world of the Ovsyannikov field, the essential features and patterns of the big world are revealed, the fate of the people is presented at a time of great historical upheavals. In the small, he invariably shows the big. The same date on a pack of concentrate, indicating that it was not from the reserve, but immediately, without delay or delay, got to the front, without further ado indicates the extreme limit of the tension of the forces of the whole country.
Front life - reality of a special kind: meetings here are fleeting - at any moment an order or a bullet could separate them for a long time, often forever. But under fire in a few days and hours, and sometimes in just one act, the character of a person manifested itself with such exhaustive fullness, with such utmost clarity and certainty, which are sometimes unattainable under normal conditions even with many years of friendly relations.
Imagine that the war spared both Sashka and that seriously wounded soldier from the “dads”, whom the hero, himself wounded, bandaged and to whom, having reached the medical platoon, he brought orderlies. Would Sasha remember this incident? Rather, there is nothing at all, for him there is nothing special about him, he did what he took for granted, without attaching any importance to it. But that wounded soldier, whose life Sashka saved, will certainly never forget him. What if he doesn't know anything about Sasha, not even his name. The act itself revealed to him the most important thing in Sasha. And if their acquaintance had continued, it would not have added so much to what he learned about Sasha in those few minutes when he knocked down his shell fragment, and he lay in the grove, bleeding. And not one event can characterize the morality of a person - than this one. And Sashka gave preference to the right choice - the choice of human conscience and human mercy.
Often they say, referring to the fate of a person, - river of life. At the front, its course became catastrophically swift, it imperiously carried a person along with it and carried him from one bloody whirlpool to another. How little opportunity he had for free choice! But, choosing, each time he puts his life or the life of his subordinates at stake. The price of choice here is always life, although you usually have to choose things that seem ordinary - position with a wider view, cover on the battlefield.
Kondratiev is trying to convey this unstoppable movement of the flow of life that subjugates a person; sometimes he has a hero in the foreground - Sasha. And although he tries to use all the emerging opportunities for choice, he does not miss situations, the outcome of which may depend on his ingenuity, endurance, he - still at the mercy of this indomitable stream of military reality - while he is alive and well, he will again go on the attack, press himself under fire into the ground, eat what he has to, sleep where he has to ...
The story "Sasha" was immediately noticed and appreciated. Readers and critics, this time showing a rare unanimity, assigned it a place among the greatest successes of our military literature. This story, which made up the name of Vyacheslav Kondratiev, still reminds us of the horrors of that war.
But Kondratiev was not alone, the problems of moral choice fell on the shoulders of other writers of that time. Yuri Bondarev wrote a lot about the war, "Hot Snow" occupies a special place, opening up new approaches to solving the moral and psychological problems posed in his first stories - "Battalions ask for fire" and "Last volleys". These three books about the war are a complete and the developing world, which in "Hot Snow" reached its greatest completeness and figurative power. The first stories, independent in all respects, were at the same time, as it were, a preparation for a novel, perhaps not yet conceived, but living in the depths of the writer's memory.
The events of the novel "Hot Snow" unfold near Stalingrad, south of the 6th Army of General Paulus, blockaded by Soviet troops, in the cold December 1942, when one of our armies withstood the blow of the tank divisions of Field Marshal Manstein in the Volga steppe, who sought to break through the corridor to the army of Paulus and get her out of the way. The outcome of the battle on the Volga, and maybe even the timing of the end of the war itself, largely depended on the success or failure of this operation. The duration of the novel is limited to just a few days, during which the heroes of Yuri Bondarev selflessly defend a tiny patch of land from German tanks. Thus showing the height of human heroism and the boundlessness of Russian patriotism.
In "Hot Snow" the image of the people who went to war appears before us in a fullness of expression, unprecedented before in Yuri Bondarev, in the richness and diversity of characters, and at the same time in integrity. This image is not exhausted either by the figures of young lieutenants - commanders of artillery platoons, or by the colorful figures of those who are traditionally considered to be people from the people - like the slightly cowardly Chibisov, the calm and experienced gunner Yevstigneev, or the straightforward and rude riding Rubin; nor by senior officers, such as the division commander, Colonel Deev, or the army commander, General Bessonov. Only collectively understood and accepted emotionally as something unified, with all the difference in ranks and ranks, they constitute the image of a fighting people. The strength and novelty of the novel lies in the fact that this unity is achieved as if by itself, imprinted without any special efforts of the author - a living, moving life. The image of the people, as the result of the whole book, perhaps most of all nourishes the epic, novelistic beginning of the story.
The death of heroes on the eve of victory, the criminal inevitability of death, contains a high tragedy and provokes a protest against the cruelty of the war and the forces that unleashed it. The heroes of "Hot Snow" are dying - the medical officer of the battery Zoya Elagina, the shy driver Sergunenkov, a member of the Military Council Vesnin, Kasymov and many others are dying ... And the war is to blame for all these deaths. Let Lieutenant Drozdovsky’s heartlessness be blamed for Sergunenkov’s death, even if the blame for Zoya’s death falls partly on him, but no matter how great Drozdovsky’s fault, they are, first of all, victims of the war. A war that only by its very essence kills everything moral, peaceful in a person and the main task for any person in this war is not to break down, not to succumb to this horror and chaos of destruction, no matter how difficult it is.
The novel expresses the understanding of death as a violation of higher justice and harmony. Recall how Kuznetsov looks at the murdered Kasymov: “now there was a shell box under Kasymov’s head, and his youthful, beardless face, recently alive, swarthy, turned deathly white, thinned by the terrible beauty of death, looked in surprise with moist cherry half-open eyes at his chest , on a torn to shreds, excised quilted jacket, as if even after death he did not comprehend how it killed him and why he could not get up to the sight. the calm mystery of death, into which the burning pain of the fragments overturned him when he tried to rise to the sight.
Probably the most mysterious of the world of human relations in the novel is the love that arises between Kuznetsov and Zoya. The war, its cruelty and blood, its terms, overturning the usual ideas about time - it was she who contributed to such a rapid development of this love. After all, this feeling developed in those short periods of march and battle, when there is no time for reflection and analysis of one's feelings. And it all starts with a quiet, incomprehensible jealousy of Kuznetsov for the relationship between Zoya and Drozdovsky. And soon - so little time passes - Kuznetsov is already bitterly mourning the deceased Zoya, and it is from these lines that the title of the novel is taken, when Kuznetsov wiped his face wet from tears, "the snow on the sleeve of the quilted jacket was hot from his tears."
Having been deceived at first in Lieutenant Drozdovsky, then the best cadet, Zoya throughout the novel opens up to us as a moral person, whole, ready for self-sacrifice, capable of embracing the pain and suffering of many with her heart. Zoe's personality is known in the tense, as if electrified space, which almost inevitably arises in the trench with the appearance
women. She seems to go through many trials, from intrusive interest to rude rejection. But her kindness, her patience and sympathy reach out to everyone, she is truly a sister to the soldiers.
The image of Zoya somehow imperceptibly filled the atmosphere of the book, its main events, its harsh, cruel reality with a feminine principle, affection and tenderness.
And finishing my essay, I would like to note that our literature has done a lot to awaken people's sense of responsibility in terrible, catastrophic circumstances, understanding that it is from them, and no one else, that the fate of the country depends. Patriotic War was not a "showdown" between two bloody dictators - Hitler and Stalin, as some writers inclined to invent sensationalism are now suggesting. Whatever goals Stalin pursued, the Soviet people defended their land, their freedom, their lives - the Nazis encroached on this. “... Right was such a fence that any armor yielded,” Boris Pasternak wrote at that time. And even those who did not feel the slightest sympathy for the Bolsheviks and the Soviet government - the majority of them - took an unconditionally patriotic, defensive position after the Nazi invasion. "We know what is now on the scales, and what is happening now," - this is Anna Akhmatova, who had a very big account with the Soviet government.
The level of truth in the literature of the war years, compared with the second half of the thirties, the time of devastating mass repressions of spiritual numbness and darkness, official unification in art, has increased dramatically. The cruel, bloody war demanded spiritual emancipation, was accompanied by spontaneous liberation from the choking living life and the art of Stalinist dogmas, out of fear and suspicion. This is also evidenced by lyric poetry. In the hungry, dying besieged Leningrad, in the terrible winter of 1942, Olga Berggolts wrote:
In the dirt, in the darkness, in the hunger,
in sadness
Where death dragged like a shadow
on the heels
We were so happy
They breathed such stormy freedom,
That the grandchildren would envy us.
Bergholz felt the happiness of freedom with such acuteness, probably also because before the war she had to fully experience the gendarmes of courtesy. But this feeling of acquired, expanded freedom arose in many, very many people. Recalling many years later his youth at the front, Vasily Bykov wrote that during the war we “realized our strength and realized what we ourselves were capable of. We have taught history and ourselves a great lesson in human dignity.”
Bergholz felt the happiness of freedom with such acuteness, probably also because before the war she had to fully experience the Gendarmes of Courtesies. But this feeling of acquired, expanded freedom has arisen in many, very many people. Recalling many years later his youth at the front, Vasily Bykov wrote that during the war we “realized our strength and realized what we ourselves were capable of. We have taught history and ourselves a great lesson in human dignity.”
The war subordinated everything to itself, the people had no more important task than to defeat the invaders. And literature, with all its sharpness and certainty, faced the task of depicting and propagating the war of liberation, they served them of their own free will, out of inner need, honestly, sincerely, these tasks were not imposed from the outside - then they become destructive for creativity. The war against fascism was for writers not the material for books, but the fate of the people and their own. Their life then differed little from the life of their heroes. And they fulfilled this duty to the end.
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