Countries on the political map of the world lesson summary. Open lesson in geography on the topic: Formation of the political map of the world

On the modern political map of the world are indicated geographical position countries, their political and administrative structure. The main political and geographical changes are reflected: the emergence of new independent states, a change in the political structure of countries, a change in their borders and territories, the names of countries and capitals, etc. The political map of the world and the patterns of changes on it are explored by a branch of geography called political geography.
The political map of the world reflects the state structure of countries, the features of their state management system, the relationship between states, as well as regional conflicts that arise in connection with the definition of state borders and the resettlement of the population. The political map of the world is constantly changing. The following factors contribute to this:
- wars at various levels;
- deprivation of the country of independence, change of borders of the territory;
- interstate and international agreements;
-formation of new independent states;
-changing the name of the country and capital;
- disintegration and unification of states;
- change in the structure and state system of government of the country;
- transferring the capital of the country to another city.
All events related to the formation of modern political map of the world are conditionally divided into two periods: new - from the 17th century to the First World War and the latest - from the First World War to today. The newest period is divided into 4 stages. 1st stage from 1918 to 1945, 2nd stage from 1945 to stage 3rd stage from 1945 to 1985, 4th stage from 1985 to the present.
On the modern political map of the world, there are more than 200 states that have declared their independence. Among them, the number of countries recognized at the international level is 191. A number of objects of the modern political map of the world include 67 dependent territories that do not have the status of independent management.

Test questions

1. What is the name of the branch of geography that studies the political map of the world and the patterns of changes on it?
A) ecology
B) physical geography
C) biology
D) political geography

2. How many independent states are there on the modern political map of the world?
A) 400
B) 300
C) 200
D) 100
3. What 2 periods are conventionally divided into all events related to the formation of the modern political map of the world?
A) old and new
B) new and modern
C) new and latest
D) old and new

2. How many independent territories are there on the modern political map of the world?
A) 27
B) 47
C)67
D)87
Glossary
Russian language
Kazakh language
English language
Socio-economic geography
Aleumettik-economical geography
Social-economic geography
Geographic discoveries
Geography ashular
Geographic openings
Great Travelers
Atakty sayakhatshylar
great travelers
Research
Sertteuler
Studies
A political map of the World
Duniye zhuzinin sayasi kartasy
political card of the world
Formation periods
Kalyptasu kezenderi
Periods of the shaping
Independent States
Tauelsiz memleketter
independent state
Territory
Aumaq
Territory
SRS Topics

1) Study the topic "Earth as a planet." L1, pp. 5-9.

Topics of the TSIS
1) Based on Scheme 5, analyze the changes that have taken place on the political map of the world using the example of one state. L1, pp. 78-81.

Public lesson in geography on the topic: Formation of political world maps.

Held in the 10th grade on February 17, 2015 as part of the seminar for teachers of geography "Modern technologies in teaching geography"

Target:

Consider and systematize the changes that have occurred on the political map of the world;

Tasks:

Educational: - consider the concept of "Political map of the world" in a broad and narrow sense;

- explore periods of formation of the political map of the world and their content;

Give a qualitative and quantitative description of the political map of the world;

Introduce the concepts of "country" and "sovereignty",

Educational : - improve the skills of working with special maps, statistical material and a computer, and on the basis of this, draw appropriate conclusions and conclusions;

Educational: - continue the formation of communication skills, develop the ability to work in small groups;

Development of the ability to voluntarily fulfill obligations, both personal and based on the requirements of the team; the formation of high moral and volitional qualities, the necessary habits of behavior.

Planned results:

Subject:

Basic level: to give definitions to concepts, to distinguish between qualitative and quantitative changes on the political map of the world, to give examples;

Advanced: Assess Impact historical events on the formation of the PCM, to predict further events on the political map of the world based on the current situation, using information from modern media;

Form the following UUD:

Personal:

the formation of a geographical culture of the individual, the expansion of geographical horizons, civic patriotism, the ability to conduct a dialogue based on equal relations and mutual respect and acceptance, readiness and ability to accept help and the opinion of elders.

Regulatory: take into account the guidelines of action highlighted by the teacher in educational material, in cooperation with the teacher, the class, find several options for solving the educational problem, adjust their actions in accordance with the changing situation;

cognitive: use thematic maps, tables, diagrams, build oral messages, build logical reasoning and draw conclusions, the ability to define concepts; search and selection of necessary information, application of information retrieval methods;

Communicative : choose adequate speech means in dialogue with the teacher, classmates; accept a different opinion and position; to come to an agreement common decision, formulate, argue and defend their own opinion;

Educational technologies :

research method, group work method.

Equipment: wall maps "Political map of the world", "Political map of Europe", political globe, multi-media projector, electronic presentation for the lesson: "Formation of the political map of the world", additional literature: "All about the countries of the world." Atlas handbook.

Individual equipment : textbook Yu.N. Gladky, V.V. Nikolina, Geography. The modern world: a textbook for grades 10 - 11 of educational organizations, "My simulator" by V.V. Nikolina, Geographical atlas, Cell phones with Internet access, table “Countries that have achieved political independence after World War II”, emoticons.

Teaching methods : verbal, visual, practical; explanatory - illustrative, partially - search, research, reproductive.

Lesson type: learning new material

Vinakurova Zh.I.: Hello guys! I decided to start today's lesson with a riddle.

slide 1

In geography, a drawing

It looks like a big carpet.

It has every country

Visible from end to end.

What it is?

Students' answers: political map of the world.

VJI: Indeed, having studied the issues related to culture, civilizations and religions, we have come to the section “Political map of the world”.

slide 2

The epigraph for today's lesson will be the words:

“The significance of the political map is enormous. The geographical political map really reflects reality: international position, the place of countries in the modern world. At the same time, it, especially in dynamics, in historical sequence, is the most important document for statesmen, politicians, political scientists and the most important tool for research, including in political geography - branches of economic and social geography "

What information does the PCM carry?

Do you agree with all the arguments in the epigraph?

What processes does not reflect RMB?

Student responses

We also worked with the political map of the world in previous geography courses. What do you think: what questions should we consider today in the lesson? Pay attention to the questions at the beginning of paragraph 20.

Students' answers: questions of the formation of the political map of the world, to give a quantitative and qualitative description of the political map of the world in order to proceed to the study of the main objects of the PCM.

The topic of our lesson: Formation of the political map of the world (slide 3 opens)

Slide 4 Today in the lesson we will consider the concept of "political map of the world" in a narrow and broad sense, using knowledge of history, literary sources, consider the periods of formation of the political map of the world, get acquainted with the concepts of "Country" and "Sovereignty", give a qualitative and quantitative description of the political map of the world.

To work in the lesson, we need a Geography textbook. The modern world Gladky, Nikolina, "My simulator" author V.V. Nikolina, geographical atlas, table "Countries that achieved political independence after the Second World War", additional literature and telephones with Internet access.

Slide 5 (out of 5 - 6 RMB images in different periods)

The many-sided natural background of the Earth is complemented by the cultural, historical and socio-economic diversity of countries and peoples. The multiple nature of the state of culture and civilization reflects the political map of the world. It includes interrelated objects: geographical (countries, territories) and ethnic (peoples). Therefore, the appearance of the world is always determined by the space where the events of life take place, the time of their accomplishment, and the peoples existing in space and time as acting characters in the theater of history. Since we are going to talk about a political map, about the stages of its formation, let's analyze the map and give a definition: what is a “Political map”?

Student responses

slide 6

political map - 1) in a broad sense - a set of information about the political geography of the world, a set of countries and peoples, taken in all the historical complexity of social relations;

2) in the narrow sense - a special map that displays the territorial and political division the globe.

Vinakurova Zh.I. The modern political map of the world is the result of several millennia of its development. In the process of its formation, several periods are distinguished.

Characteristics of the historical periods of the formation of the PCM.

The performance of students on completed advanced tasks:

Slide 5 Ancient period Tamarova T. (works with a map ancient egypt+ video about Ancient Rome) Centuries and millennia pass, but interest in the history of peoples does not subside.

Slide: 6 Medieval period Tatyanchenko T.

Slide 7: New period: Pozdnyakova A. (map "Great geographical discoveries" and portraits of the discoverers)

Slide 8 : Newest Gek period change after World War 2

(map changes after World War 1)

Slide 9: Modern period Rukin N.

VJI: What changes do you think are possible on RMB in the next 50 years?

Student responses

Collage of photos: world wars, "hot spots", etc.

Using the text of paragraph 5 of the textbook, additional literature and Internet resources, complete task No. 2 on p. 18 in "My simulator" authors Yu.N. Gladky, V.V. Nikolina.

Upon completion of the work, students name the features of the formation of the political map of the world of each era.

Alexander Ukraichenko Reading student Anikeev A.

A political map of the World

A hundred years ago the world was different

Take a look at the map:

Colonies dissipated like smoke

And the states became sovereign.

Having changed the world, it does not stand still,

Borders move back and forth.

There are now over two hundred countries in the world,

Their clean is always changing.

Next, we will work in groups. Since there are 8 people in the class, we will have 2 groups. Each group chooses the proposed tasks and works on them. You can use all the equipment and telephones you have to access the Internet.

Slide 7

Tasks of the 1st group: Printed for a group

Working with the table "Countries that achieved political independence after the Second World War" and the political map of the world

Answer the questions:

1. What year can be called the year of Africa. Why?
2. A characteristic feature of the political map of the world after the Second World War is the collapse of the colonial system and the appearance of dozens of liberated camps. Indicate the part of the world with the most countries that achieved political independence during this period.

Task 2 groups: Printed for a group

1. Working with the table "Countries that achieved political independence after the Second World War", political and contour maps of the world, answer the questions:

1. What unites the following countries: Mali, Cambodia, Gabon?

A) These countries are one-national;

B) These are former colonies of France;

C) have access to the Indian Ocean.

2. Draw on a contour map the states of Oceania that achieved political independence in 1986.

Group presentations on the proposed issues.

Slide 8. Characterizing these changes on the RMB, it is appropriate to explain the concepts: “country” and “sovereignty”. Try to find definitions of these concepts on your own using phones with Internet access and dictionaries. One person works with a laptop.

Country- in political and geographical terms - a territory that has certain boundaries, enjoys state sovereignty or is under the rule of another state.

Sovereignty- independence of the state in external or internal affairs; basic principle of modern international law and international relations.

Today we will get acquainted with the qualitative and quantitative changes taking place on the political map of the world.

Slide 9

Analysis of Fig.31 on p.88. Name quantitative changes and give examples.

Students' responses.

Name the qualitative changes on the political map of the world and give examples.

Students' responses.

Our lesson is coming to an end. Let's do a few assignments to reinforce the material.

Slide 10

Determine in which cases we are talking about qualitative changes on the political map of the world, and in which cases - about quantitative ones?

In 1990, the Yemeni Arab Republic of the PDRY merged into a single state - the Republic of Yemen.

According to the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as a result of the earthquake in Nevelsk on August 2, 2007, the seabed rose and a land area with a total area of ​​3 km2 was formed. To the formation of another plot of 1.5 km2LED ERUPTION WOOLKANA Sarychev Peak on the Kuril island of Matua in June 2009.

In 1993, the new state of Eritrea (a former province of Ethiopia on the Red Sea) emerged.

Part of the territory of the Netherlands is land reclaimed from the sea, which led to a change in the political map of the country.

Slide 11 Which region on the PKM has been affected the least by changes, and can it be considered the most stable region on the PKM?

Slide 12. Which region is the richest in the formation of new states?

Students' responses.

Slide 13 Barents Sea

On September 15, 2010, the President of the Russian Federation and the Prime Minister of Norway signed an agreement on the delimitation of jurisdictional zones in the Barents Sea.

A photo. What changes are we talking about?

Conclusion: PKM is characterized by high dynamism. It reflects the main political and geographical changes, the formation of new independent states, the merger of one state with another, changes in the area of ​​the state, capitals and much more. All these elements constitute the main content of the political map of the world.

Reflection:

Self-esteem.

Guys, each of you is invited to fill out a table where you must evaluate your work in the lesson.

What are your grades, what did you learn, what else do you find difficult?

If you were now texting a friend about an event, what emoticon would you put at the end?

The students raise their emoticons.

Today we examined the stages of the formation of the PCM, worked with different sources of information, drew conclusions, worked on assignments. You have been actively working throughout the lesson. write down homework.

slide14

P.20 and for students who want to get a higher grade, I propose to complete assignment No. 9 on p. 89.

slide 15

Thank you for your attention

Class: 10

• Consider the features of various historical eras and stages of the formation of the modern political map of the world, its quantitative and qualitative changes.
• Consider a typology of countries based on qualitative features that take into account the level of socio-economic development of the countries of the world.
• Consider the diversity of the countries of the modern world. Explore different types of states.
• The concept of geopolitics.

Equipment: computer, multimedia set-top box, political map of the world, map of the hemispheres, atlases.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

2. Learning new material.

Slide 3. Characteristics of the main stages in the formation of a modern political map (on the monitor, the slide “Stages in the formation of a political map of the world” the teacher consistently characterizes each stage.)

1. Ancient (before the 5th century AD) - the emergence and collapse of the first states.
2. Medieval (V-XVI centuries) - the emergence of large feudal states in Europe and Asia.
3. New (XVI-XIX centuries) - the formation of a colonial empire
4. The latest (the first half of the 20th century) is the formation of socialist countries, the collapse of the colonial system.
5. Modern, in which three main stages are distinguished:

A) the emergence of the world socialist system, the formation of independent states in Asia.

B) Formation of independent states of Africa.

C) The collapse of the socialist economic system and subsequent changes on the political map of Europe and Asia.

slide 4. States are the main object on the political map of the world. The map is a dynamic system, there are quantitative changes (territorial acquisitions, losses, voluntary concessions) and qualitative changes (change of formation, gains of sovereignty, introduction of a new state system). The teacher tells how these changes took place in the last 100 years.

Slide 5, 6, 7. At the heart of the typology of countries modern world- the level of socio-economic development of the state, expressed through the gross domestic product (GDP) and a synthetic indicator (HDI) - the human development index.

The first group is formed by economically developed countries ( slide 5), which is divided into 3 subgroups:

• countries " big seven”, GDP per capita ranges from 20-30 thousand dollars;
• smaller countries of Western Europe, GDP from 20-30 thousand dollars;
• countries of migrant capitalism.

The second group of countries with economies in transition ( slide 6), there are 2 subgroups:

• former socialist countries of Eastern Europe;
• post-socialist.

The third group is developing countries, which are divided into 6 subgroups:

• key countries, GDP is about 350 dollars;
• countries Latin America, some countries in Asia and countries in North Africa, GDP more than 1000 dollars;
• "Asian dragons" - new industrial countries;
• Oil exporters;
• most developing countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, GDP less than $1,000;
• least developed countries, GDP 100 - 300 dollars.

Consideration of the most common grouping of countries ( slide 8, 9, 10)

Slide 8: Allocate according to the size of the territory. Students work with atlas maps, give examples.

• countries - giants, their area is more than 3 million km 2;
• countries - large, the area is more than 500 thousand km 2;
• microstates.

Slide 9: By population

• countries - giants - the number of more than 100 million people;
• middle countries;
• microstates, the population of which is up to 30 thousand people.

Slide 10: By geographic location. Students, working with atlas maps, give examples for each type:

• coastal countries
• countries located on the peninsulas
• countries located on the islands
• inland countries

Slides 11, 12, 13, 14 correspond to the division of modern countries of the world according to the form of government. The teacher gives a description of each of the forms of government, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each, giving examples for each type.

• Republics - presidential, parliamentary, mixed;
• Monarchies - constitutional, absolute, theocratic;
• Commonwealth;
• Libya.

Slides 15 division of countries according to the peculiarities of the territorial-state structure, characterizing each of the types.

• Unitary states (single legislative and executive powers);
• Federal state (along with unified laws, there are separate self-governing entities);
• Confederation (a temporary union of states to achieve some common goal).

slide 16 The teacher characterizes the influence of international relations on the political map of the world. Considers issues related to changing ideas about geopolitics in recent times. Gives examples of "hot spots" considering the reasons that underlie their appearance. They consider the issues that confront political geography and reinforce the concept of geopolitics.

3. The results of the lesson.

Students are encouraged to complete assignments on their own. Slide 17-18.

4. Homework.

Paragraph 19-22, on the contour map, put states that have a monarchical form of government and federal states in terms of territorial state structure.

This lesson is the first lesson in 10th grade. This lesson introduces new terms, briefly talks about the main objectives of the course of study. Students get acquainted with the meaning of the economic and social geography of the world, its features, main concepts. In addition, the lesson discusses the features of the modern political map of the world, its quantitative and qualitative shifts.

Topic: Modern political map of the world

Lesson: Political map of the world

Economic and social geography of the world - social science that studies the patterns of territorial distribution of social production, the conditions and characteristics of its development and location in various countries and areas.

Economic and social geography combines elements of geography, economics, sociology, it widely uses various methods research in both geographical science and other disciplines.

The subject of study of economic and social geography is the territorial aspect of social reproduction in specific socio-historical conditions.

The political map acts as an important tool for mastering knowledge of geography in grades 10 and 11. There are more than 230 countries on the modern political map of the world.

Rice. 1. Political map of the world

Types of changes in the political map of the world - various transformations on the political map.

Changes are both quantitative and qualitative.

Quantitative changes:

1. Accession to the territory of the state of newly discovered lands.
2. Acquisition or loss of land after the war.
3. Voluntary concessions.
4. Disintegration or accession of territories.

Qualitative changes:

1. Changing the political system in the country.
2. Formation of military blocs.
3. Education economic unions.

There are two important concepts in economic and social geography: boundaries and territories.

Country border is a line and a vertical surface passing through it, dividing the territory state sovereignty(which includes land, water, subsoil).

Borders are established on the basis of agreements between states. There are two ways to designate state borders:

1. Delimitation - the definition of boundaries on the map.
2. Demarcation - the definition and designation of boundaries on the ground with special boundary signs.

sovereign state- politically independent state independent in internal and external affairs. The state is the main object of the political map of the world.

Boundaries differ in the way they are drawn:

1. Orographic boundaries - are drawn along natural boundaries (rivers, mountains, etc.).
Examples: Russia - China, Russia - Georgia, USA - Mexico.
2. Geometric boundaries - are drawn in straight lines without taking into account the features of the terrain.
Examples: Niger - Mali, Chad - Libya, Libya - Egypt.
3. Astronomical boundaries - are drawn through points with certain geographic coordinates.
Examples: USA - Canada.

Rice. 2. US-Canada border

Territory- this is a part of the earth's surface with its inherent anthropogenic and natural resources, conditions.

Territories are state, international and with a mixed regime.

state territory- a piece of the earth's surface under the sovereignty of a state.

The state territory includes land, inland waters, territorial waters and subsoil.

Territorial waters are a strip coastal waters 3 to 12 nautical miles wide.

1 nautical mile - 1852 meters.

Territories with international regime- territories lying outside the state territory. These earthly spaces are in the common use of all states in accordance with international law.

Examples are Antarctica and outer space.

Territory with mixed regime- these are areas of the World Ocean, the bottom outside the territorial waters.

Special territorial regimes- these are international legal regimes that determine the procedure for the use of any territory.

Non-Self-Governing Territories:

1. Colonies.
2. Overseas departments or freely associated states.

The colony- this is dependent territory, which is under the rule of a foreign state (metropolis), without independent political and economic power, governed on the basis of a special regime.

Examples are small island states in pacific ocean.

Currently, there are a huge number of disputed territories on the political map of the world.

Examples of such territories are Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, Western Sahara, Kurile Islands, Nagorno-Karabakh.

As a result, there are unrecognized or partially recognized states- Territories that independently proclaimed their sovereignty without the consent of the UN.

Examples: Republic of Northern Cyprus, Kosovo, Taiwan.

Homework

Topic 1, P. 1

1. What is a colony? In what parts of the world were colonial possessions preserved?

Bibliography

Main

1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 cells: Textbook for educational institutions / A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.

2. Economic and social geography of the world: Proc. for 10 cells. educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovskiy. - 13th ed. - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.

3. Rodionova I.A., Elagin S.A., Kholina V.N., Sholudko A.N. Economic, social and political geography: the world, regions, countries: Educational and reference manual / Ed. prof. I.A. Rodionova. - M.: Ekon-Inform, 2008. - 492 p.

4. Universal Atlas of the World / Yu.N. Golubchikov, S.Yu. Shokarev. - M.: Design. Information. Cartography: AST: Astrel, 2008. - 312 p.

5. Atlas with a set of contour maps for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.

Additional

1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., cart.: tsv. incl.

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography: a reference book for high school students and university applicants. - 2nd ed., corrected. and dorab. - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.

Literature for preparing for the GIA and the Unified State Examination

1. Control and measuring materials. Geography: Grade 10 / Comp. E.A. Zhizina. - M.: VAKO, 2012. - 96 p.

2. The most complete edition of standard variants real tasks USE: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.

3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified state exam 2012. Geography: Tutorial/ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukov. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2012. - 256 p.

4. The most complete edition of typical options for real tasks of the USE: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.

5. State final certification of 9th grade graduates in a new form. Geography. 2013: Textbook / V.V. Drums. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2013. - 80 p.

6. USE 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.

7. Tests in geography: Grade 10: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovskiy “Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.

Modern political map of the world

Conduct form: lesson-offset.

Lesson Objectives: consolidation of the studied material, testing knowledge and skills on the topic. The formation of geographical culture, the formation of geographical thinking about the political map, about the main problems and directions of world development, the technology of countries, the political system, about the features of international relations at the present stage.

Lesson equipment: political map of the world, textbook, atlases, reference book "Countries of the World", geographical reference books.

During the classes

Students work during the lesson in writing and orally. For written assignments, they prepare a knowledge record sheet in advance, which is filled in gradually and handed over at the end of the lesson.

I stage. Oral questions and assignments. Students answer from their seats and at the blackboard, working with a political map.

1. What is called the political map of the world? How many countries are on the political map of the world? (230.)

2. What is a sovereign state? How many sovereign states are on the political map of the world? (195)

3. On the political map of the world, show the 7 largest countries in the world. (Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, Australia, India.)

4. On the political map of the world, show 5 countries with a population of more than 100 million people. (China, India, USA, Brazil, Indonesia.)

5. On the political map of the world, show several peninsular countries (India, Italy, Turkey), island countries (Great Britain, Jamaica, Cuba, Cyprus), archipelago countries.

II stage. Students begin to work with a sheet of knowledge and skills.

What do the following countries have in common?

I option

A. USA, Germany, France, Great Britain, Japan - all are members of the G8.

B. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Iran - oil exporting countries.

II option

A. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa - countries of resettlement capitalism.

B. South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan - new industrial countries.

Which of the following countries would be examples:

A. Countries having a republican form of government. (Bulgaria, Poland, Great Britain, France, Japan, Saudi Arabia.)

B. Countries with a federal administrative-territorial structure. (Great Britain, Cuba, USA, France, India, Egypt, Brazil.)

III stage. Orally. "The most - the most on the political map of the world." This stage of the lesson can be carried out in the form of group work in the form of a competition.

Questions

1. The largest state in the world by area. (Russia, 5 = 17.01 million km2)

2. The smallest independent state in the world. (Vatican, 5 = 0.44 ha.)

3- The smallest property in the world. (Gibraltar - 6.5 km2)

4. A state whose territory (excluding possessions) is located simultaneously in the northern, southern, eastern and western hemispheres. (Republic of Kiribati.)

5. States located in two parts of the world. (Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Denmark from the island of Greenland, Spain from the Canary Islands, Portugal from the island of Madeira.)

6. The largest island state in terms of area. (Republic of Indonesia - 1904 thousand km2)

7. The oldest republic in the world and at the same time the oldest of the existing states of Europe. (San Marino, republic since 301 AD)

9. The youngest state (Republic of Palau, 1994)

11. The southernmost capital of the state (Wellington, New Zealand - 41 ° 18 "S, 174 ° 48" E)

IV stage. Students work with a sheet of knowledge and skills. ( in writing.)

Keywords Topics. Define terms.

I option

1. Republic.

2. Federal state.

II option

1. Monarchy.

2. Unitary state.

Fill in the gaps in the following sentences

I option

The main criterion for the typology of the countries of the modern world is ... (the level of socio-economic development) of a particular state, expressed through the indicator ... (GDP) per capita.

II option

At the heart of regional and local conflicts lie either ... (border disputes) or ... (religious-ethnic contradictions).

V stage. It is done orally. In advance, the students were asked to do their homework: write out the toponymic names of any 5 states and their capital in workbooks.