The Shanghai Cooperation Organization was established c. What is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)? Composition of the SCO

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization was established in 2001 on the basis of the "Shanghai Five", formed after the signing by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Tajikistan Confidence-Building Agreements in military area in the border area (1996, Shanghai) and the Agreement on the Mutual Reduction of Armed Forces in the Border Area (1997, Moscow).

The main objectives of the Organization, in accordance with the SCO Charter dated
June 7, 2002, are to strengthen mutual trust, friendship and good neighborliness, encourage effective cooperation in political, trade, economic, scientific, technical, cultural, educational, energy, transport, environmental and other fields.

SCO members– India, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

SCO observers– Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran and Mongolia.

SCO Dialogue Partners– Azerbaijan, Armenia, Nepal, Cambodia, Turkey and Sri Lanka.

The SCO is not a military bloc and a closed alliance directed against anyone, but is an open Organization focused on a broad the international cooperation, including the possibility of expanding its composition.

Today the SCO (together with observers and dialogue partners)- this is more than 3 billion people. (near44 % of world population). The organization is made up of two permanent member UN Security Council (China and Russia), the two countries with the largest population in the world (India and China), three of the five countries of the BRICS group and three of the twenty countries of the G20 G-20 (India, China and Russia), as well as the two largest consumers of energy in the world (India and China).

The main tasks of the SCO for present stage- maintenance of peace, stability and security in the region, development of economic and humanitarian cooperation.

The supreme body of the SCO - Council of Heads of Member States (SGG). Determines the priorities of activities, resolves fundamental issues of internal structure and functioning, interaction with other states and international organizations.

Council of Heads of Government (SGP) considers and resolves the main issues of interaction in the field of economic and humanitarian cooperation, adopts the budget of the Organization.

Council of Foreign Ministers (SMID) considers the issues of the current activities of the Organization, the preparation of the meeting of the CHS and the holding of consultations on international issues, and, if necessary, makes statements on behalf of the SCO.

Council of National Coordinators coordinates and manages the current activities of the Organization, prepares meetings of the CHS, CHP and Ministerial Council.

The permanent bodies of the SCO are the Secretariat in Beijing and the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent.

The SCO Secretary General and the Director of the Executive Committee of the SCO RATS are appointed from among the citizens of the member states on a rotational basis in the order of the Russian alphabet of the names of states for a period of 3 years without the right to renew for another term.

Vladimir Norov has been the SCO Secretary General since January 2019 (representative of Uzbekistan) , Director of the RATS Executive Committee - Dzhumakhon Giyosov (representativeTadjikistan) .

According to the established practice, the chairmanship in the Organization is carried out during a one-year period, which begins from the end of the next summit and ends with the holding of the meeting of the SCO CHS on the territory of the presiding state. Since June 2018 - the Kyrgyz Republic.

Fundamental documents of the SCO:

SCO Charter;

Declaration on the establishment of the SCO;

Shanghai Convention against Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism;

Treaty on long-term good neighborliness, friendship and cooperation of the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization;

Rules of Procedure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization;

Regulations on the SCO Secretariat;

Regulations of the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the SCO;

Regulations on the observer status at the SCO;

Regulations on the Status of Dialogue Partner of the SCO.

The main goals of the SCO include: strengthening mutual trust and good neighborliness between the member countries; promotion of their effective cooperation in the political, trade-economic, scientific-technical and cultural fields, as well as in the field of education, energy, transport, tourism, defense environment and others; joint provision and maintenance of peace, security and stability in the region; moving towards the creation of a democratic, just and rational new international political and economic order.

The SCO observer states are India, Mongolia, Pakistan and Iran.

At the SCO summit in Dushanbe on August 28, 2008, the Regulations on the Status of the SCO Dialogue Partner were approved. Partner status is granted to a state or organization that shares the goals and principles of the SCO and wishes to establish relations of equal and mutually beneficial partnership with the Organization; or cooperating with the SCO in certain areas of activity.

Belarus and Sri Lanka currently have Dialogue Partner status.

The total area of ​​the SCO member states is about 30.189 million square kilometers, which is 3/5 of the area of ​​Eurasia, and the population is 1.5 billion people, which is 1/4 of the entire population of the globe.

The history of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization dates back to 1996. On April 26, 1996, the heads of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan met in Shanghai in order to develop a common position on the entire spectrum of problems of regional cooperation, as well as confidence-building measures in the military field. As a result of the forum, an "Agreement on Confidence Building Measures in the Military Sphere in the Joint Border Area" was signed.

In 1996-2000, the leaders of these countries (the "Shanghai Five") met in turn in Shanghai, Moscow, Alma-Ata, Bishkek and Dushanbe. The Dushanbe meeting in 2000 marked the end of the first round of meetings of the heads of state of the "Shanghai Five".

On the basis of agreements on confidence-building in the military field and on the mutual reduction of armed forces in the border area, concluded between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Tajikistan, respectively, in 1996 and 1997, the SCO was formed.

At the meeting of the heads of five states on June 15, 2001 in Shanghai, the leaders of the "Shanghai Five" accepted Uzbekistan into their ranks. On the same day, a declaration on the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was signed.

At the summit in St. Petersburg on June 7, 2002, the SCO Charter was adopted (entered into force on September 19, 2003) - the basic statutory document that fixes the goals, principles, structure and main directions of the Organization's activities.

At the next SCO summit, held from May 28 to 29, 2003 in Moscow, the documentary formalization of the organization was completed: the Declaration of the Heads of the SCO member states was signed, approving a set of documents regulating the work of the SCO statutory bodies and its financial mechanism.

An important step in strengthening the legal base of the association was the signing in Bishkek on August 16, 2007 of the Treaty on long-term good neighborliness, friendship and cooperation.

The highest decision-making body in the SCO is the Council of Heads of Member States (CHS). It meets once a year and makes decisions and instructions on all important issues organizations.

The Council of Heads of Government of the SCO Member States (CGP) meets once a year to discuss the strategy of multilateral cooperation and priority areas within the framework of the organization, solving fundamental and topical issues of economic and other cooperation, and also approves the annual budget of the organization.

In addition to the meetings of the CHS and CHP, there is also a mechanism of meetings at the level of heads of parliaments, secretaries of security councils, ministers of foreign affairs, defense, emergencies, economy, transport, culture, education, healthcare, heads of law enforcement agencies, supreme and arbitration courts, prosecutors general. The Council of National Coordinators of the SCO Member States (CNC) serves as the coordination mechanism within the SCO. The organization has two permanent bodies - the Secretariat in Beijing under the leadership of the Secretary General and the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure in Tashkent, headed by the Director.

The Secretary General and the Director of the Executive Committee are appointed by the Council of Heads of State for a term of three years. Since January 1, 2010, these posts have been respectively occupied by Muratbek Imanaliev (Kyrgyzstan) and Dzhenisbek Dzhumanbekov (Kazakhstan).

The symbolism of the SCO includes a white flag with the emblem of the organization in the center. The coat of arms depicts two laurel wreaths on the sides, in the center is a symbolic image of the Eastern Hemisphere of the earth with the outlines of the earth's land, which is occupied by the "six", above and below - the inscription in Chinese and Russian: "Shanghai Cooperation Organization".

The official working languages ​​are Russian and Chinese. The headquarters is located in Beijing (China).

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a permanent regional international organization founded in June 2001 by the leaders of Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Prior to this, all countries, with the exception of Uzbekistan, were members of the "Shanghai Five", a political association based on the "Agreement on Building Confidence in the Military Field in the Border Area" (Shanghai, 1996) and the "Agreement on Mutual Reduction of armed forces in the border area" (Moscow, 1997).

These two documents laid the foundation for a mechanism of mutual trust in the military field in the border areas and contributed to the establishment of truly partnership relations. After Uzbekistan was included in the organization (2001), the "five" became the "six" and was renamed the SCO. In addition, at present, four countries - Belarus, Iran, Mongolia and Afghanistan have observer status in the organization, and six - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Nepal, Turkey, Sri Lanka - dialogue partners.

The tasks of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization initially lay in the sphere of mutual intra-regional actions to suppress terrorist acts, separatism and extremism in Central Asia. In June 2002, at the St. Petersburg Summit of the SCO Heads of State, the Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was signed (entered into force on September 19, 2003). This is the basic statutory document that fixes the goals and principles of the Organization, its structure and main activities. In addition, in 2006, the Organization announced plans to combat the international drug mafia as a financial backbone of terrorism in the world, and in 2008 - active participation in the normalization of the situation in Afghanistan.

In parallel, the activities of the SCO received a broad economic focus. In September 2003, the heads of government of the SCO member states signed a 20-year program of multilateral trade and economic cooperation. As a long-term goal, it is envisaged to create a free trade zone in the SCO space, and in the short term - to intensify the process of creating favorable conditions in the field of trade and investment.

Today, cooperation within the framework of the SCO covers the fields of energy, transport, agriculture, telecommunications and many other sectors of the economy. Its member countries also interact widely in the scientific, technical, cultural, educational, tourism, and humanitarian spheres.

In relations within the Organization, the SCO member states proceed from the idea of ​​the "Shanghai spirit", adhere to the principles of consensus, mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, respect for the diversity of cultures, striving for common development. In external relations, the SCO proceeds from the principles of openness, non-affiliation with blocs, non-direction against third countries.

The highest decision-making body in the SCO is the Council of Heads of Member States, which meets once a year. Countries preside over the Organization in turn, with an annual cycle, ending their term of office with a summit.

The SCO has two permanent bodies - the Secretariat in Beijing and the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure in Tashkent. The most important economic instruments are the Business Council and the SCO Interbank Association.

The official working languages ​​are Russian and Chinese.

In accordance with the decision of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Rashid Alimov assumed the post of SCO Secretary General in January 2016.

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a permanent intergovernmental international organization, the establishment of which was announced on June 15, 2001 in Shanghai (PRC) by the Republic of Kazakhstan, China People's Republic, Kyrgyz Republic, Russian Federation, Republic of Tajikistan, Republic of Uzbekistan. It was preceded by the Shanghai Five mechanism.

In June 2002, at the St. Petersburg Summit of the Heads of State of the SCO Member States, the Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was signed, which entered into force on September 19, 2003. This is the basic statutory document that fixes the goals and principles of the organization, its structure and main activities.

On June 8-9, 2017, a historic meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was held in Astana, during which the status of a member state of the Organization was granted to the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

The main goals of the SCO include: strengthening mutual trust and good neighborliness between the member countries; promotion of their effective cooperation in the political, trade, economic, scientific, technical and cultural fields, as well as in the field of education, energy, transport, tourism, environmental protection and others; joint provision and maintenance of peace, security and stability in the region; moving towards the creation of a democratic, just and rational new international political and economic order.

In relations within the organization, the SCO member states, based on the "Shanghai spirit", adhere to the principles of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, mutual consultations, respect for the diversity of cultures and the desire for common development, and in external relations adhere to the principle of non-alliance, not directed against anyone and openness.

The highest decision-making body in the SCO is the Council of Heads of Member States (CHS). It meets once a year and takes decisions and instructions on all important issues of the Organization. The Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) of the SCO Member States (CGP) meets once a year to discuss the strategy of multilateral cooperation and priority areas within the Organization, address fundamental and topical issues of economic and other cooperation, and also approves the annual budget of the Organization. official languages SCO are Russian and Chinese.

In addition to the meetings of the CHS and the CHP, there is also a mechanism for meetings at the level of heads of parliaments, secretaries of security councils, ministers of foreign affairs, defense, emergency situations, economy, transport, culture, education, healthcare, heads of law enforcement agencies, supreme and arbitration courts, prosecutors general. The Council of National Coordinators of the SCO Member States (CNC) serves as the coordination mechanism within the SCO.

The organization has two permanent bodies - the SCO Secretariat in Beijing and the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) of the SCO in Tashkent. The SCO Secretary General and the Director of the SCO RATS Executive Committee are appointed by the Council of Heads of State for a period of three years. Since January 1, 2016, these posts have been respectively occupied by Rashid Alimov (Tajikistan) and Evgeny Sysoev (Russia).

So currently:

• eight countries are SCO member states - the Republic of India, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, Islamic Republic Pakistan, Russian Federation, Republic of Tajikistan, Republic of Uzbekistan;
• four countries have the status of an observer state in the SCO - the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, the Republic of Belarus, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Republic of Mongolia;
• six countries are SCO dialogue partners - the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, the Republic of Turkey, the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.

On June 9-10, 2018, a meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (CHS SCO) took place in the city of Qingdao (PRC).

It was attended by the Prime Minister of the Republic of India N.Modi, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev, the President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping, the President of the Kyrgyz Republic S.Sh. Zheenbekov, the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan M. Hussein, the President of the Russian Federation .V.Putin, President of the Republic of Tajikistan E.Rahmon and President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoyev.

The meeting was chaired by President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping.

The meeting was attended by SCO Secretary-General R.K.Alimov and Director of the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) of the SCO E.S.Sysoev.

The event was attended by President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan A. Ghani, President of the Republic of Belarus A.G. Lukashenko, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran H. Rouhani, President of Mongolia H. Battulga, as well as First Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations A. Mohammed, Secretary General Association of Southeast Asian Nations Lim Jok Hoi, Commonwealth Executive Secretary Independent States Sergei N. Lebedev, Secretary General of the Treaty Organization collective security Yu.G.Khachaturov, Executive Director of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia Gong Jianwei, Chairman of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission T.S.Sarkisyan, Vice-President of the World Bank V.Kvava, Director of the Department of International Monetary Fund Lee Chan Young.

The leaders of the member states considered the implementation of the results of the Astana Summit in 2017 and the priority tasks for the further development of the SCO in the context of current processes in world politics and the economy. The agreed positions of the parties are reflected in the adopted Qingdao Declaration.

It was stated that the member states, firmly adhering to the goals and principles of the SCO Charter and following the "Shanghai spirit", progressively solve the tasks defined in the SCO Development Strategy until 2025. It was noted that the SCO today has established itself as a unique, influential and authoritative regional association, the potential of which has noticeably increased with the entry of India and Pakistan into the Organization.

The intention was confirmed to continue strengthening practical cooperation in the field of politics, security, trade and the economy, including financial, investment, transport, energy, agriculture, as well as cultural and humanitarian ties. The Action Plan for 2018-2022 for the implementation of the provisions of the Treaty on Long-term Good Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation of the SCO Member States was approved.

In the context of the exchange of views on topical international and regional issues, the need was emphasized to build up joint efforts to ensure security and stability in the SCO space, as well as to promote the formation international relations a new type and common vision of the idea of ​​creating a community with a common destiny for mankind.

Member States consistently stand for the settlement of the situation in Afghanistan, Syria, the Middle East and the Korean Peninsula and other regional conflicts within the framework of generally recognized norms and principles international law. The importance of sustainable implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action to resolve the situation around the Iranian nuclear program was noted.

Member States reaffirm their strong support for the UN's efforts to ensure international peace and security. They noted the need for consensus on the adoption of the UN Comprehensive Convention against international terrorism, as well as the initiative of the Republic of Kazakhstan to promote on the UN platform the Code of Conduct for Achieving a World Free of Terrorism.

The leaders of the Member States noted the intentions of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Tajikistan to nominate their candidacies for non-permanent members of the UN Security Council.

The coordinated line of the SCO on effective fight with security challenges and threats. The adopted Program of Cooperation of the SCO Member States in Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism for 2019-2021 will contribute to the promotion of practical cooperation in this area. A special role in its implementation is assigned to the SCO RATS.

The results were highly appreciated International Conference on countering terrorism and extremism (Dushanbe, May 3-4, 2018), which has become an important platform for interaction between the parties in these areas.

The leaders of the Member States advocate the establishment of comprehensive work on the spiritual and moral education of the younger generation and the prevention of its involvement in destructive activities. In this regard, a Joint Appeal to Youth and an Action Program for the implementation of its provisions were adopted, the initiative of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the adoption of a special resolution was supported General Assembly UN Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance.

Member States will further promote cooperation in the fight against drug trafficking based on the SCO Anti-Drug Strategy for 2018-2023. and the Action Program for its implementation, as well as the SCO Concept on the Prevention of Abuse of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.

The SCO will continue to contribute to building a broad and mutually beneficial cooperation in the field of providing information security, development of universal international rules, norms and principles of responsible behavior of states in the information space.

The commitment of the SCO member states to the central role of the UN in promoting the implementation of the Global Agenda in the field of sustainable development. The importance of improving the architecture of global economic governance, the consistent strengthening and development of the multilateral trading system, the core of which is the World trade Organization, in the interest of building an open world economy.

The SCO seeks to create favorable conditions for trade and investment, to identify joint approaches to solving the problems of facilitating trade procedures, stimulating electronic commerce, developing the service industry and trade in services. Efforts will continue to support micro, small and medium-sized businesses, promote cooperation in the field of transport, energy and agriculture.

The initiative to hold the first meeting of the heads of railway administrations of the SCO member states in Uzbekistan was supported.
In order to increase attention to environmental problems, the Member States adopted the Concept of Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection. Work continued on the draft Program of Cooperation of the SCO Member States on Food Security.

The initiative of the Republic of Tajikistan on the International Decade for Action “Water for Sustainable Development, 2018-2028” and the holding of a high-level International Conference on this topic under the auspices of the UN (Dushanbe, June 20-22, 2018) were highly appreciated.

The Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan confirmed their support for the initiative of the People's Republic of China "One Belt, One Road" (OBOR), noted the efforts to jointly implement it, including to link the construction of the Eurasian economic union and OPOP.

The leaders of the member states are in favor of using the potential of the countries of the region, international organizations and multilateral associations in order to form a broad, open, mutually beneficial and equal partnership in the SCO space.

The creation of the Forum of Heads of Regions in the SCO will contribute to the development of interregional cooperation. The intention to hold the first meeting of the Forum in 2018 in Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation) was noted

Efforts will be continued to unlock the full potential of the SCO Business Council and the SCO Interbank Association.

The position was confirmed in favor of further strengthening practical cooperation in the banking and financial sector and continuing the search for common approaches to the creation of the SCO Development Bank and the Development Fund (Special Account) of the SCO.

Confirming special role humanitarian cooperation in strengthening mutual understanding, trust and friendship between peoples, the leaders of the member states called for the development of multifaceted cooperation in the field of culture, education, science and technology, as well as in the field of healthcare, tourism and sports.

The desire to increase multidisciplinary cooperation with SCO observer states and dialogue partners, as well as international and regional organizations was emphasized.

As a result of the meeting, the Joint Statement of the Heads of State on Trade Facilitation and the Statement of the Heads of State on Joint Counteraction to the Threats of Epidemics in the SCO Space were also adopted. The Joint Action Plan for the implementation of the Program of Cooperation of the SCO Member States in the field of tourism for the period 2019-2020, the Memorandum of Understanding to stimulate cooperation within the SCO in the field of micro, small and medium-sized businesses, the Regulations for information interaction of round-the-clock contact points, carried out with using the channels of the operational platform CENcomm RILO-MOSCOW, Memorandum on the exchange of information on transboundary movements of ozone-depleting substances and hazardous wastes.
The reports of the SCO Secretary-General on the activities of the SCO over the last year and the Council of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure on the activities of the RATS in 2017.

The Council of Heads of SCO Member States appointed V. I. Norov (Republic of Uzbekistan) as SCO Secretary General and D. F. Giyosov (Republic of Tajikistan) as Director of the RATS Executive Committee for the period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021.

In the period after the summit in Astana (June 8-9, 2017), a meeting of the Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) of the Member States was held (Sochi, November 30 - December 1, 2017), a meeting of secretaries of security councils (Sochi) Beijing, May 21-22, 2018), extraordinary and regular meetings of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs (New York, September 20, 2017, Beijing, April 24, 2018), meetings of the Council of National Coordinators (Beijing, Yangzhou, Moscow, Beijing, August 2017 - June 2018), Council of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (Beijing, September 17, 2017, Tashkent, April 5, 2018), meeting of the heads of border services of the competent authorities (Dalian, June 29, 2017), meetings of the heads of departments involved in the prevention and elimination of emergency situations (Cholpon-Ata, August 24-25, 2017), Ministers of Justice (Tashkent, 20 October 2017), Chairmen of the Supreme Courts (Tashkent, October 25-27, 2017, Beijing, May 25, 2018), heads of services, responsible for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being Sochi, October 31, 2017), ministers responsible for foreign economic and foreign trade activities (Moscow, November 15, 2017), prosecutors general (St. Petersburg, November 29, 2017), heads of ministries and departments of science and technology (Moscow, April 18-21, 2018), SCO Forum (Astana, May 4-5, 2018), meeting of heads of national tourism administrations (Wuhan, May 7-11, 2018) , ministers of defense (Beijing, April 24, 2018), ministers of culture (Sanya, May 15, 2018), heads of competent authorities empowered to combat drugs (Tianjin, May 17, 2018), SCO Women's Forum (Beijing,
May 15-17, 2018), SCO Media Forum (Beijing, June 1, 2018), meetings of the Board of the SCO Business Council (Beijing, June 6, 2018) and the Council of the SCO Interbank Association (Beijing, June 5-7, 2018), as well as other events at various levels.

The leaders of the member states highly appreciated the work done by the People's Republic of China during the presidency of the SCO and expressed gratitude to the Chinese side for the hospitality and good organization summit in Qingdao.

The chairmanship in the Organization for the forthcoming period passes to the Kyrgyz Republic. The next meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO Member States will be held in 2019 in the Kyrgyz Republic.