Description: War Thunder is a next generation military MMO game dedicated to...
Causes of political fragmentation
ancient Russian state
POLITICAL
THE REASONS
ECONOMIC
THE REASONS
Gain
princesviceroys
Comes in
decline path
"From the Varangians to
Greeks"
Princesviceroys
become
independent
from Kievsky
prince
Kyiv
ceases
to be
economic
center
Kyiv prince loses
former influence
NEGATIVE
EFFECTS
POSITIVE
EFFECTS
Princely
strife
Household
and cultural
development
principalities
Weakening
defense
Russia
Growth
population
PECULIARITIES
Single
language
The same
laws
One Faith
and church Consequences and features of the political
fragmentation of the ancient Russian state
GREAT
Kyiv
PRINCE
GREAT
SPECIFIC
PRINCES
PRINCES II. Models of socio-political
development
during a period of fragmentation Models of socio-political development
NOVGORODSKAYA
EARTH
VLADIMIROSUZDAL
PRINCIPALITY
NOVGORODSKAYA
EARTH
VLADIMIROSUZDAL
PRINCIPALITY
REPUBLIC
MONARCHY
GALYTSKOVOLYNSKY
PRINCIPALITY
GALYTSKOVOLYNSKY
PRINCIPALITY
ARISTOCRACY Novgorod land
1136 - NOVGOROD
REVOLUTION
"In 1136
Novgorodians expelled
Prince Vsevolod;
put him
to the episcopal court.
And he sat for two months.
And they took his son
Vladimir."
Novgorodians expelled the protege
Kyiv Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich Novgorod land
VECHE
CHOOSE:
INVITES:
Posadnik
PRINCE
WITH A TEAM
TYSYATSKY
LORD
(BISHOP)
SOLVES ISSUES
WAR AND PEACE
REPUBLIC -
THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH
POWER BELONG
TO ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES
1147 - the first
mention of Moscow
VLADIMIR
MONOMACH
YAROSLAVL
ROSTOV
SUZDAL
VLADIMIR
YURI
DOLGORUKIY
(1125-1157)
1147 YEAR. YURI WENT TO FIGHT NOVGOROD.
ANDREW
VSEVOLOD
AND SVYATOSLAV (CHERNIGOVSKY) IS SENT TO FIGHT SMOLENSK.
BOGOLYUBSKY
BIG
NEST
Svyatoslav took prisoners there.
AND SENT
TO HIM YURI
(1157-1174) WITH THE WORDS: "COME TO ME,
(1176-1212)
BROTHER TO MOSCOW.
And he commanded to arrange a GREAT Feast. Vladimir-Suzdal Principality
ACTIVITY
ANDREY BOGOLYUBSKY
1157 - becomes the Prince of Kyiv,
but remains in the Rostov-Suzdal land
Moves the capital to Vladimir
Assumed the title of TSAR and GRAND DUKE
Subjugated Kyiv and Novgorod to his power,
planting obedient princes there
Tried to create Vladimirskaya
metropolia
Created an administrative apparatus
represented by the "junior squad" (nobles)
ANDREY BOGOLYUBSKY
(1157-1174)Vladimir-Suzdal Principality
1174 - Bogolyubsky was killed in
the result of a boyar conspiracy
BOGOLYUBOVO
BOGOLYUBOVO Galicia-Volyn principality
subordinated
boyars
VECHE
BOYAR
PRINCE
VLADIMIRVOLYNSKY
Is in
constant acute
fight against the boyars
very rich
have their own
administrative
apparatus
have
military forces
GALYCH
III. Horde dominion
Power of Genghis KhanCAUCASUS
AVERAGE
ASIA
IRAN
YURTA -
dwelling
Mongols
CHINA "When the Tatars
mastered
lands of the Polovtsy,
then they left
to Russian lands ... "
"Tatars
didn't stop
retreat, and those
followed in the footsteps
12 days…"
But then the Tatars
turned to
Russians
and Polovtsians"
Battle on the Kalka
1223
"And everyone gathered
and decided to fight
with Tatars...
And got on the road
Tatars…” Testament of Genghis Khan
ULUS GIUCCI
KHAN BATY Invasion of the Ryazan land
DECEMBER
1237
KOLOMNA
"Tatars captured
Ryazan land ...
Captured Ryazan
and burned, and the prince
killed.
captured
some were cut
other arrows
Detachment
shot"
Evpatiya Kolovrat
RYAZAN
1236The defeat of the Vladimir principality
FEBRUARY
1238
r.Sit
VLADIMIR
MOSCOW
KOLOMNA
“In the same winter they took
Moscow Tatars and
"The same winter
Governor
killed
"On Sunday
Tatars came up
Philip
Nanca…
February 7
to Vladimir...
And people
from an old man
Started
to the city
smashed the walls
and milk the baby
took the city
at Vladimir and
killed,
before lunch…
started
aa
city
and churches
bishop
and princesses
install
the Saints
and villages
with kids,
and boyars
stone-throwing
burned…”
and other people
tools…”
shut themselves up in
church of the Virgin,
and they were set on fire
fire" Campaign to Novgorod and the end of the campaign
NOVGOROD
TORZHOK
KOZELSK Invasion of southwestern Russia
September
1239
1242
1241
1240
VLADIMIR
CHERNIGOV
KYIV
GALYCH
PEREYASLAVL The nature of Russia's dependence on
Golden Horde
Stage 1
"Each
must
EXIT - tribute to the Horde
Dandelivery:
collect
1 bearish
skin,
merchants"
whom
of money
1 beaver skin, no,
Muslims
that one
child
1 skin
sable,
VLADIMIR
will take;
1(busurmane)
hide
ferret,
whom the child
No,
RUSSIAN
1ushkuru
foxes.
KHAN BATY
VOLZHSKAYA
that one
wife
BULGARIA
And everyone
who is not
will pass
PRINCIPALITIES
will take;
this, should
to be
Cis-Urals
at
whom
wives
No,
2 catap
allotted
Tatars
GOLDEN HORDE
most
total
converted
Tribute
collect
WESTERN
POLOVETSKY
STEPPE
head
into their slave"
SIBERIA
BARN
Russians
princes
will take"
plano
Carpini
AVERAGE
From a folk song
Stage 3
Tribute collects
Grand Duke
Vladimirsky
ASIA The nature of Russia's dependence on
Golden Horde
KHAN OF THE GOLDEN HORDE
KHAN BATY
SPECIFIC
PRINCES
SPECIFIC
PRINCES
LABEL -
Khan's
diploma,
giving
right to
reign
SPECIFIC
PRINCES
SPECIFIC
PRINCES
GRAND DUKE
RUSSIAN
EARTH The nature of Russia's dependence on
Golden Horde
BASKAKI - Khan's governors
in Russian lands
kept up to date
tribute
monitored compliance
khan's prescriptions
summoned an army from the Horde for
punishment of the guilty Dependence of princely power
from the Golden Horde
KEY TRENDS
YAROSLAV II
(1238-1246)
ALEXANDER
(1252-1263)
Russian princes take over
political methods of the khans:
start dealing with
subjects as with
defeated, i.e. with people,
disenfranchised
YAROSLAV III
(1263-1272)
BASIL
(1272-1276)
The role of the prince in conditions
external danger increases:
gradually fade away
veche traditions
IV. Russia and Lithuania
EDUCATION
OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF LITHUANIA
UNDER THE PRINCE
MINDOVGE (1230-1264) Formation of the Lithuanian-Russian state
Polotsk
ACCESSION
RUSSIAN LANDS
Vitebsk
at MINDOVGA
and WOYSHELKA
Vilnius (GEDEMINOVICHI) Features of the position of Russian lands in
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The rules continued
"Russian Truth"
Vilnius
GREAT
PRINCIPALITY
LITHUANIAN
supreme governing body in
Cities remained VECHE
The folk
militia
Church hierarchs are elected
In modern scientific literature, 1132 - the date of the death of Mstislav the Great - is considered as the starting point of a long era of political fragmentation of Russia, which lasted three and a half centuries. However, having disintegrated, Russia did not disappear from the face of the earth, only political forms her being. It continued its existence in the form of lands and principalities, the number of which from one and a half dozen in the middle of the XII century. reaches fifty by the end of the century. Separation of individual principalities from the Kiev state was accompanied by the rapid development of their economy, cultural upsurge and the intensification of foreign policy activities.
Thus, the political fragmentation of the Old Russian state, despite its certain negative consequences, contributed to the further progress of the Russian lands. The first century of the era of fragmentation was a time when individual regions of Russia, freely developing and not experiencing pressure from outside, independently paved their way forward. Their subsequent historical development accepted different directions, as evidenced by the history of the Novgorod boyar republic, Vladimir-Suzdal and Galicia-Volyn principalities.
Despite the political disintegration, the Russian lands have not broken many of the threads that bind them. In particular, the unity of the princely family that ruled Russia was preserved.
The clergy in Russia carried out not only their direct functions, but also took an active part in civil life, performing peacekeeping, representative, mediating duties under secular rulers, both in domestic and international affairs.
Economic development. All three regions after the collapse of Kievan Rus experienced a time of economic recovery. The vast expanses occupied by Russia, the diversity of soils, climate, vegetation predisposed to the occupation of various types of economic and economic activity. In Novgorod land, due to the scarcity of soils, there were no favorable conditions for agriculture. For this reason, Novgorodians had to import bread from outside. On the other hand, crafts and trade, which became the basis of the well-being of this region, achieved great development here. Its prosperity was also facilitated by the fact that, by virtue of its geographical location Novgorod was not subjected to devastating raids of the steppe nomads - Pechenegs and Polovtsians. He subsequently escaped the Tatar pogrom. The lands of Novgorod, as well as the lands of the population subject to it, were rich in natural resources - fur and meat animals, valuable breeds fish, gifts of the forest, precious and semi-precious stones, river pearls, native gold, etc. These natural resources Novgorod merchants successfully traded, having their own organizations - hundreds, artels, etc. In the mid-30s of the XII century. A merchant society was founded at the church of St. John the Baptist, which brought together the richest and most influential merchants. Received in Novgorod development and craft, blacksmithing, jewelry, leather, etc. Craftsmen were organized in workshops, worked both to order and to the market.
The Vladimir-Suzdal principality was not located in a zone of busy trade, although the r. Volga and connected it with major trade routes. The main occupation of the local population was agriculture. Remoteness from regions that were constantly subjected to Polovtsian raids, an abundance of forests that made it possible to hide not only from external enemies, but also from the princely administration, a large amount of unoccupied land attracted people from other lands here and contributed to the rapid growth of the population. This created the prerequisites for the growth of cities, the rapid development of crafts and trade. In the Galicia-Volyn land, conditions favorable for both agriculture, cattle breeding, and trade were happily combined: a mild climate, fertile soils, an abundance of rivers, numerous land and waterways leading to the West and East. political device. Among the Russian lands and principalities, Novgorod stood out as a special political structure. It has been a political rival of Kiev since ancient times. In the ninth century both claimed to be the center of the emerging Old Russian state. When Kyiv became the “mother of Russian cities” and made Novgorod dependent on itself, the goal of the Novgorodians was to gain political sovereignty. Gradually, step by step, Novgorod gets more and more freedom. This process ended in 1136, when the inhabitants of Novgorod overthrew Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich, who had been forcibly imprisoned to them from Kyiv, and from that time on they began to independently decide on the issue of calling princes to themselves, as well as on their expulsion. The formation of the Novgorod boyar republic begins. Veche was also the highest court for the suburbs and individuals.
Current management was carried out by the Council of Lords, which included the archbishop, posadnik, thousandth, prince, elected representatives from the ends (districts) and streets.
Prince in Novgorod official, called to the service of the city by decision of the Council. Its main function was to protect the Novgorodians from an external enemy and to ensure their trade interests. He also owned a certain amount of judicial power and the function of representing Novgorod in relations with other countries and lands. However, according to the agreement that was concluded between the city and the prince, the latter had no right to reside in Novgorod itself, to have personal land property within the Novgorod land, to participate in trade with the Germans, to violate the trade rights of residents, to appoint people to administrative positions at their own discretion.
Northeastern lands, sparsely populated, completely covered dense forests, remained a deaf "bearish corner" for a long time. Their active development began later and was carried out in the form of princely colonization. Since the princes played a primary role in settling, arranging and settling in this region, they naturally aspired to plant political orders that pleased them here. For these reasons, in the Rostov-Suzdal land, more clearly than anywhere else, there was a tendency towards the autocracy of the princes. It had a particularly strong effect during the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky, who acted in defiance of both all-Russian political traditions and the political traditions of North-Eastern Russia. In an effort to strengthen his power, this prince makes ordinary citizens and junior combatants his support. Thus, he sought to weaken political influence boyars. Since this influence was especially strong in the old cities of North-Eastern Russia - Rostov, Suzdal, where veche tendencies were also firmly preserved, Andrei Bogolyubsky transferred the capital of the principality to the relatively young city of Vladimir, founded in 1108 by Monomakh. After the episcopal chair was transferred to Vladimir, the city also became the religious center of the principality. Thus, Andrei Bogolyubsky tried to use the authority and influence of the church to strengthen his power. With other princes, Andrei Bogolyubsky no longer behaved like an older relative with his equals in origin, but like a ruler with his subjects, resolutely suppressing protest attempts on their part, depriving them of their estates, driving out the disaffected from Suzdal land, and sometimes even executing. Having won the throne of Kyiv in 1169, he installed his brother Gleb in Kyiv, while he himself, retaining the title of Grand Duke, continued to live in the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Thus, Andrei Bogolyubsky made it clear that Kiev had lost its former high status, and North-Eastern Russia, on the contrary, acquires it.
Before the unification, the Galician and Volyn lands lived an independent life. Galician principality was founded in 1141. through the absorption of a number of principalities by Prince Vladimir Volodarevich (the princely branch of the Rostislavichs). The Volyn principality was formed in the 10th century, and by the middle of the 12th century. completely freed from the power of Kyiv. The boyars occupied an important political position in the Galician land due to their wealth: boyar land ownership was very important here. great development. The feudal aristocracy had large armed contingents, the core of which was its numerous servants. The land holdings of the princes in the Galician land were much inferior in size to those of the boyars. This limited the ability of the princes to attract supporters and reward them for their service. In addition, the rebelliousness and aggressiveness of the Galician boyars were the result of close contacts with neighboring Hungary and Poland, which more than once attacked the Galician and Volyn principalities and took an active part in their internal political life. In these countries, the powerful feudal aristocracy dictated its will to the kings. Following her example, the Galician boyars also sought to subjugate the princes and make them an instrument of their power. In the 30s of the XII century. There was a political disintegration of Kievan Rus. The era of political fragmentation continued until the beginning of the 16th century. In its first period, which spanned one century, there was a rapid and comprehensive development of the Russian lands and, at the same time, they were searching for ways of development, choosing civilizational landmarks. In the course of this process, various models of states were formed with their own specifics of socio-economic and political development. This organic path of development was interrupted by the Mongol-Tatar invasion in the 30s of the XIII century.
20.11.2016 21- number according to calendar and thematic planning
10B Type of lesson: combined lesson
§15-16. Formation of various socio-political models for the development of ancient Russian society and the state (1 of 2)
Goals:
Educational:
- Lead to an understanding of the features of the specific period of Russia
To achieve students' assimilation of the reasons for the collapse of Kievan Rus
To create an idea about the features of the specific system and its consequences in Russia.
Consider the types of statehood of the principalities: Novgorod, Vladimir-Suzdal, Galicia-Volyn
Educational:
Build student attitudes towards historical events and persons.
Raise patriotism, instill respect for the historical past of their people
Contribute to the formation of the worldview and national identity of students
Developing:
To contribute to the formation of skills and abilities to compare and analyze the events of one process.
To continue the development of students' historical thinking, the formation of skills in working with a dictionary, textbook, historical map, the ability to draw conclusions and generalizations, to give their own assessments of the events being studied.
Develop and enrich students' speech.
Lesson equipment: Textbook: Russia and the world: antiquity. Middle Ages. New time: textbook. For 10 cells. A.A. Danilov, L.G. Kosulin. Contour map, visual material, presentation
During the classes:
In the last lesson, we studied the topic: the Old Russian state and society, and also played a game dedicated to Eastern Slavs and as a result of the game, it was clear that there were big problems with the location of the eastern tribes on the map. In this regard, you have contour maps on your tables, as we once again analyze the location of the tribes, you will fill it out and paste it into your notebook. (Performing work, with the help of a presentation and a teacher)
After repeating the location of the Slavs at home, I think we will no longer have problems with this topic. In addition, we studied the causes and stages of the formation of the Old Russian state, and also got acquainted with inner world ancient Russian state.
What are the reasons and theories of the formation of the ancient Russian state, do you know? (Student answers)
Topic of today's lesson:Formation of various socio-political models for the development of ancient Russian society and the state. (Recording the date and topic of the lesson in a notebook)
Guys, what do you think, what are we going to talk about today? (Students answer)
Plan:
Reasons for the fragmentation of the Old Russian state
Novgorod Republic
Vladimir-Suzdal Principality
Galicia-Volyn principality
Guys, today we are starting to study a new period in the history of our country, which is called specific Russia.
Let's recall from the history of the Middle Ages the definition of feudal fragmentation. (children's answers)
Feudal fragmentation is a period of separation of individual lands headed by princes. (Entry in a notebook)
In order to understand the reasons for fragmentation, I propose to independently work with the text of the textbook, pp. 127-129, and as you read, fixing the reasons for fragmentation in a notebook.
Self-assessment (first a class survey, parallel to the presentation slide)
Reasons: ECONOMIC: the growth of large landed property under the dominance of subsistence farming;
POLITICAL: the desire of the sons - governors to secede from Kyiv (they had a management apparatus and military force); Support of the local prince by the local population (control of the prince through veche);
GEOGRAPHICAL: the disunity of the economic and political interests of the inhabitants of Russia (there was no longer a need to guard the path “from the Varangians to the Greeks”);
MILITARY: the absence of a common enemy - the Polovtsians.
On the territory of the Old Russian state, about 15 principalities were formed in the middle of the 12th century, 50 principalities at the beginning of the 13th century, and in the 14th century there were 250 principalities. This is due to the growth of the Rurik dynasty.
The main 3 political centers that we would study today and their types of statehood are:
1. Republic
(Novgorod land)
2. Monarchy
(Vladimir - Suzdal Principality)
3. Limited monarchy (aristocracy)
(Galicia-Volyn principality)
The main goal of our lesson is to consider the types of statehood and we will start with the Novgorod land, which at that time had a type of government: a republic.
ATXII- XIIIcenturies Novgorod land steadfastly held on to public-republican forms of community life. State. management was carried out through a system of veche organs. Veche was supreme body authorities and decided critical issues. Work with the diagram on the board.
What issues did the veche decide? Who is a posadnik and what are his functions? Tysyatsky? (children's answers if they don't know how to write definitions in a notebook)
Physical education minute
The next type of statehood is a monarchy and a limited monarchy, and these types were the Vladimir-Suzdal, Galicia-Volyn principalities. Understand the form of government.
If we talk about the political features of each principality, then we need to break down into options and fill in the table.
Guys, let's think, and the consequences of fragmentation were only negative? (children's answers)
Anchoring
What did we learn in the lesson?
What are the main reasons for fragmentation in Russia?
Types of statehood of princely centers?
Reports: Mongol-Tatar invasion, main events.
The struggle of Alexander Nevsky with the Lithuanians.
As a result of political disintegration in the territory Ancient Russia several geopolitical and subcultural regions have developed. Each of them implemented its own civilizational model of development. Therefore, it represented a certain historical alternative for the future civilizational development of our Fatherland. South Region(Kyiv land) was the meeting area Old Russian and nomadic (Turkic) civilizations. In geopolitical terms, it was oriented towards the Asian steppe. In political terms, Kyiv was a synthesis of the power of the boyars (and the top of the townspeople) and a fairly strong princely influence. The boyar-merchant leaders of the principality played on the contradictions between the princes, who constantly "squabbled" over the possession of the formal political center of Russia. Therefore, they were able to invite princes to some extent at their discretion. However, the relatively strong power of the princes was also necessary due to the proximity to the extremely dangerous Polovtsy, whose raids on Kyiv (however, like contacts of another, peaceful, kind) did not stop. This alternative was destroyed as a result of the Mongol-Tatar invasion. Southwest region(Galicia-Volyn land) was more focused on Eastern Europe (Lithuania and Poland). It was significantly influenced by Romanesque cultural traditions, becoming a subcultural place Slavic-Orthodox and Roman Catholic synthesis. In political terms, the boyar colonization and the proximity of strong competing states (Hungary, Lithuania, Poland) led to the fact that the most important of the three political institutions of the palace and patrimonial system of government (which, in principle, did not undergo drastic changes during the period of disintegration, either in our country or in Western Europe) became Boyar Council. Vassal relations evolved here in the direction of increasing boyar autonomy. Subsequently, this alternative was realized by the creation of the Lithuanian-Russian state. It claimed in a certain period of time (actually in the XIV-XV centuries, and formally much later) for an all-Russian significance. However, over time, this significance was lost due to the gradual inclusion of this region in the orbit of a purely Catholic Romanesque civilization. Northwest region(Novgorod land) focused on its main trading partners - the union of northern European cities - Hansa. To some extent he experienced influence of Western European culture. The economic originality of Novgorod, manifested in the predominance of non-agricultural, trade, handicraft, and market economy; "merchant-handicraft" character of colonization; the fact that the boyar-merchant elite had material independence from the princely power and the need on its part to take into account the interests of a fairly mobile, cultural, financially independent artisan population of cities - all this gave rise to a kind of political mechanism for Novgorod. Like a number of Western European cities, in which the trade and craft component of socio-economic life prevailed, Novgorod was oligarchic, boyar-merchant republic. The main institution of management has become veche. However, control over it through various additional political institutions (“Council of the Lords”) and colossal powers of authority (the exclusive right to legislative initiative and occupy the highest state positions of the Archbishop, Posadnik and Tysyatsky) was retained by the city boyar aristocracy. This civilizational alternative was eliminated with the formation of the Muscovite state. Civilization originality Northeast Russia(Vladimir-Suzdal land) was due, on the one hand, to the formation of ethnic community of the Great Russians (Russians), and on the other hand, the socio-cultural influence of the Tatars during the yoke. Due to the agricultural nature of the economy and the "princely" colonization, the center of political life here became The Prince and his Court. This alternative was implemented by the formation of the Muscovite State on the territory of North-Eastern and North-Western Russia. It became the form of the final choice of the historical civilizational alternative for the development of our Fatherland.
1 slide
Formation of socio-political and moral attitudes Author: Soboleva Irina Mikhailovna, teacher of the Lyceum No. Togliatti Supervisors: Ph.D., Associate Professor Pivneva S.V. associate professor Vitkovskaya N.G.
2 slide
The problem of the project The modern young generation has a low level of patriotism and citizenship, but this should not happen in Russia, the youth should know at what cost the victory in the Second World War was won
3 slide
The purpose of the project To instill a sense of patriotism and citizenship in the younger generation
4 slide
5 slide
Abstract During the Great Patriotic War many people performed feats, sacrificing their lives. In the name of what? Why should they be remembered and imitated? 65 years have passed since the Victory over Nazi Germany. This Victory came at a great cost to the Soviet people. She claimed millions of lives, distorted human destinies. There are very few WWII survivors left today. Some died on the battlefield, others, having undermined their health, die in the post-war period. Modern generation about the Second World War can be judged by films, works of art, stories of front-line soldiers and children of the war. The goals and objectives of creative work are: To consider, on the example of which films, books, works of fine arts, the young pre-war generation was brought up Find concrete examples heroes (from life, fiction), which were imitated by the youth of the 40s Teacher's goals To promote the formation of communicative and informational competence. Change the priority of the values of the younger generation. Raise patriotic feelings in students. Introduce fiction about WWII. The work consists of seven parts: Meeting with veterans Meetings of students with children of the war years Letters to veterans Excerpts from essays Visit to the local history museum Students' drawings musical composition Acquaintance with films, fiction about the Second World War, meeting with veterans, visiting the local history museum, talking with children of the war years will help you see examples for admiration and imitation, help you understand the patriotic feelings of war heroes and think about what our patriotic qualities are, whether we need time.
6 slide
War through the eyes of modern children and wartime children 65 years have passed since the Victory over Nazi Germany. This Victory came at a great cost to the Soviet people. She claimed millions of lives, distorted human destinies. There are very few WWII survivors left today. Some died on the battlefield, others, having undermined their health, die in the post-war period. The modern generation can judge about the Second World War by movies, works of art, stories of front-line soldiers and children of the war. This war is the history of our Motherland, our relatives and friends. It occupies an exceptionally important place in the fate of each of us. Not only on men's, but also on fragile women's and children's shoulders ordeal. Many worked in the rear, providing the front with everything necessary, growing bread.
7 slide
8 slide
The problem of the Second World War and the attitude of modern youth towards it: low level of patriotism and citizenship among young people; lack of high ideals.
9 slide
Student goals Find and study information about the fate of wartime children. Get acquainted with fiction about the Second World War. Create creative work(compositions, drawings, poems, letters to veterans). Visit the local history museum. Carry out the "Living Flowers" campaign.
10 slide
tasks of the teacher To contribute to the formation of communicative and informational competence. Change the priority of the values of the younger generation. Raise patriotic feelings in students. Introduce literature about the Second World War.
11 slide
Tasks of work on the student project: Prepare an exhibition of books about the Second World War. Interview wartime children. Write an essay on the topic: "The glory will not cease these days." The tasks of the project for the teacher: To help in the preparation of an exhibition of books about the Second World War. Help students conduct interviews with wartime children. Learn to write an essay about WWII. Write letters to veterans. Visit the local history museum
12 slide
13 slide
Meeting students with children of the war years Krotova Alena: My grandmother, Anastasia Emelyanovna Motylenko, worked during the war in her native village of Khryashchevka in the Samara region. She was only 13 years old. She, together with the collective farmers, harvested bread, which was sent to the front. I am very proud of my grandmother. Igor Svetlichny: I want to tell you about my grandfather Stepan Alekseevich Svetlichny. When the war began, at the age of 13 he worked as a driver on a collective farm. He has orders and medals, one of them is "For Valiant Labor in the Second World War." His father, Alexei Korneevich, was a participant in the war. Killed in Ukraine in 1942.
14 slide
Meeting students with children of the war years Maryin Kirill: Tarasenko Taisiya Ivanovna works in our school. During the war she was 14 years old. In the Voronezh region, she helped adults build platforms for aircraft. Taisiya Ivanovna remembers how bombs exploded, shells flew. In one of the bombings she was wounded, a scar remained on her face. In 1943, she was sent home: her mother died, and her little brother and sister remained. And her father at that time was at the front.
15 slide
16 slide
Letters to Veterans Hello, Dmitry Petrovich! Today I learned from my mother that our family was not bypassed by the war. You, my great-grandfather, were a participant in the military events of 1941-1945. I found out that you were youngest child in her family after three sisters. In 1941 they graduated from high school and volunteered for the front. From the front, your family received letters in which you hurried to "speak out", to tell your family and friends what overwhelmed your heart, to leave a kind of testament. And in all these testaments there is an indispensable point: victory (no one doubted it then, they believed in it unshakably). And the victory was won at a very, very high price. At the end of the war, news came that you were missing. It was already in 45 years. I calculated that you were only 21 years old then ... And my older brother Sergey is now 19 years old. Almost the same age...My brother is currently getting future profession and studying at the university. But you could not continue your education and get a profession, you learned only on your own what war is. After the war, your relatives looked for you, wrote to the unit in which you served. And only a few years later they received an answer that dispelled any hope of your return - “Junior Sergeant Kuznetsov Dmitry Petrovich, died in battle for the Motherland, faithful to the military oath, showing heroism and courage on April 21, 1945. Buried southwest of the village of Predenkov (Germany)." I am now 11 years old. I go to school, in the fifth grade and go in for sports. I have not heard the deadly whistle of bullets and know about the war only from books and movies. It is difficult for me to imagine the events of those war years and you, my great-grandfather. But I dared to write a letter to the past - to you, Dmitry Petrovich. We will never meet again, but I do not want to lag behind my ancestors. I will try to show my courage and courage in wrestling so that you will not be ashamed of me. Thank you for the opportunity to live, learn and enjoy every peaceful day. With great respect, Makar Dementiev.
17 slide
Excerpts from the compositions of students Khusneeva Alina - an essay based on B. Vasiliev's story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” The story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” tells about the distant events of 1942. The author of the story refers to those writers who themselves went through the difficult roads of the war, who defended native land with weapons in hand. The main characters of the story are foreman Vaskov and five girls anti-aircraft gunners. Vaskov has the best qualities of a defender, a soldier: thanks to the feat of such Vaskovs, a victory was won. The assistant foreman was Sergeant Osyanina. The foreman singled her out among others: "strict, never laughs." Osyanina is the last of the girls to die. Before dying, she talks about what she has Small child. She entrusts him to the foreman, as herself dear person. The red-haired beauty Komelkova sacrificed herself for the sake of her comrades. terrible death Lisa dies, falling into a quagmire. Mission accomplished, but what a purpose! Vaskov is having a hard time with the death of his girls. He feels guilty. In each, he sees a future mother who would have her own children. This book teaches you to see someone else's pain, to empathize. It teaches you to be strong, to love your Motherland passionately.
18 slide
Excerpts from student essays Katya Koporeva - an essay based on the work of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" is a story about what terrible tragedy War appears, how it breaks and cripples the souls of man. This is a work about the fate of a soldier, about the fate of a boy who was orphaned during the war. M. Sholokhov portrayed his hero Andrei Sokolov, who survived captivity, as an honest and courageous patriot who decided to adopt a boy left without parents. The war took everything from him: family, home. But a person cannot and should not be alone in the world, life must have meaning, that one can fight with hatred, live only with love. Andrei Sokolov is confident in his future, he devotes his life to raising Vanyusha.
19 slide
Excerpts from the compositions of students Barinova Olga - an essay based on the work of V. Zakrutkin "The Mother of Man". The name of the Soviet writer Vitaly Zakrutkin is well known not only in our country, but also abroad. For the novel Creation of the World, he was awarded the State Prize of the USSR. The book includes the story Mother of Man, which was highly acclaimed by critics and readers. The main character of the story, Maria, having lost her beloved husband and ten-year-old son, found the strength to survive, give birth to a child and raise seven more children left without parents.
