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“Stupidity and wisdom are as easily seized as contagious diseases,” Shakespeare warned. Therefore, people in your environment must be chosen carefully. But how to understand who is really in front of you: a smart person or a fool? Psychologists name 10 signs of a person with high intellectual abilities. When meeting, look for them in your interlocutor!
1. Do not evaluate anything without context
A smart person does not rush to conclusions and assessments until he analyzes all the circumstances and details. He rarely criticizes and condemns.
A stupid person easily gives assessments to others and phenomena, without delving into the circumstances. At the same time, it seems to him that he is better than the object of his criticism.
2. Easily admit their mistakes
The main goal of an intelligent person is to find the truth, and not to be always right. He is well aware that he can be wrong, because nothing in this world is imperfect. Stupid people do not recognize their own mistakes.
3. Behave calmly
A quarrel with a partner, a long traffic jam or a sudden cancellation of a flight at the airport is something that can piss anyone off. However, according to research, smart people are more calm than those with a low IQ.
Years of research by scientists from the University of Michigan prove that there is a link between aggressive behavior and low intelligence.
4. Do not consider themselves better than others
Stupid people think they are better than others. According to a study published in the journal Psychological Science, less intelligent individuals are more prone to homophobia and racism. They insult others in order to look good in front of them.
Smart people don't compare themselves to others. They are always happy for the success of others and are often ready to help.
5. Empathize with others more often
People with low IQs often act selfishly. They are indifferent to the feelings and needs of other people. This is because they cannot put themselves in the place of another person and understand their train of thought.
6. Feel comfortable being alone
A smart person is not bored alone with his thoughts. Often important ideas come in moments of loneliness. Stupid people avoid it in every way. When they stay in their own company, they have to observe their own emptiness. Therefore, if there is no one around, then news and social networks save narrow-minded people.
7. Staying up late and changing the sound of the alarm more often
Researchers from Japan Kaya Perina and Satoshi Kanazawa believe that among the "owls" there are more smart people. In their study in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, they identified a link between circadian rhythm and high intelligence. They also note that people who reset their alarms are more responsive to their body's needs.
8. Don't be afraid to look stupid
Smart people are not afraid to look stupid and allow themselves to relax. The narrow-minded, on the contrary, are trying with all their might to show their intellectual abilities. They will gladly correct you. Have you met these?
9. Not afraid
Fears do not rule the life of an intelligent person. But a fool is afraid of everything: I won’t go there and I won’t, suddenly something will happen. Performing some action, a person gains experience, and one who sits at home and shakes will never comprehend the meaning of life.
10. Have a dialogue
If a person constantly talks about himself and you find it difficult to insert even a word, then know that you are dealing with a fool. Sometimes a person wants to talk, but this should not be on an ongoing basis.
No one can always do the smart thing, but it's still worth trying.
How many habits have you counted?
Ambivalence, frustration, rigidity - if you want to express your thoughts not at the level of a fifth grader, you will have to understand the meaning of these words. Katya Shpachuk explains everything in an accessible and understandable way, and visual gifs help her in this.
1. Frustration
Almost everyone experienced a feeling of unfulfillment, encountered obstacles on the way to achieving goals, which became an unbearable burden and the reason for anything reluctant. So this is what frustration is. When everything is boring and nothing works.
But you should not take this state of affairs with hostility. The main way to overcome frustration is to recognize the moment, accept it, and be tolerant. The state of dissatisfaction, mental tension mobilize the strength of a person to deal with a new challenge.
2. Procrastination 
- So, from tomorrow I'm going on a diet! No, better Monday.
I'll finish it later when I'm in the mood. There is still time.
Ah, I'll write tomorrow. Will not go anywhere.
Familiar? This is procrastination, that is, postponing things for later.
A painful state when you need and don't want to.
It is accompanied by tormenting oneself for not completing the task. This is the main difference from laziness. Laziness is an indifferent state, procrastination is an emotional state. At the same time, a person finds pretexts, classes are much more interesting than doing a specific job.
In fact, the process is normal and inherent in most people. But don't overuse it. The main way to avoid it is motivation and proper prioritization. This is where time management comes in.
3. Introspection 
In other words, self-observation. A method by which a person examines his or her own psychological tendencies or processes. Descartes was the first to use introspection, studying his own spiritual nature.
Despite the popularity of the method in the 19th century, introspection is considered a subjective, idealistic, even unscientific form of psychology.
4. Behaviorism 
Behaviorism is a direction in psychology, which is based not on consciousness, but on behavior. Human response to an external stimulus. Movements, facial expressions, gestures - in short, all external signs have become the subject of study of behaviorists.
The founder of the method, American John Watson, suggested that with the help of careful observation, it is possible to predict, change or form proper behavior.
There have been many experiments that have examined human behavior. But the most famous was the following.
In 1971, Philip Zimbardo conducted an unprecedented psychological experiment called the Stanford Prison Experiment. Absolutely healthy, mentally stable young people were placed in a conditional prison. The students were divided into two groups and assigned tasks: some had to play the role of guards, others were prisoners. The student guards began to show sadistic tendencies, while the prisoners were morally depressed and resigned to their fate. After 6 days the experiment was terminated (instead of two weeks). During the course it was brought that the situation affects the behavior of a person more than his internal features.
5. Ambivalence 
Many writers of psychological thrillers are familiar with this concept. So, “ambivalence” is an ambivalent attitude towards something. Moreover, this relationship is absolutely polar. For example, love and hatred, sympathy and antipathy, pleasure and displeasure that a person experiences at the same time and in relation to something (someone) alone. The term was introduced by E. Bleiler, who considered ambivalence to be one of the signs of schizophrenia.
According to Freud, "ambivalence" takes on a slightly different meaning. It is the presence of opposing deep motives, which are based on the attraction to life and death.
6. Insight 
Translated from English, “insight” is insight, insight, insight, sudden finding of a solution, and so on.
There is a task, the task needs to be solved, sometimes it is simple, sometimes it is difficult, sometimes it is solved quickly, sometimes it takes time. Usually, in complex, time-consuming, at first glance overwhelming tasks comes insight - insight. Something non-standard, sudden, new. Along with insight, the previously laid down nature of action or thinking changes.
7. Rigidity 
In psychology, “rigidity” is understood as a person’s unwillingness to act according to plan, fear of unforeseen circumstances. “Rigidity” also includes the unwillingness to give up habits and attitudes, from the old, in favor of the new, and so on.
A rigid person is a hostage to stereotypes, ideas that are not created independently, but taken from reliable sources.
They are specific, pedantic, they are annoyed by uncertainty and carelessness. Rigid thinking is banal, stamped, uninteresting.
8. Conformism and non-conformism 
“Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it’s time to pause and reflect,” wrote Mark Twain. Conformism is a key concept in social psychology. Expressed in a change in behavior under the real or imagined influence of others.
Why is this happening? Because people are afraid when it's not like everyone else. This is getting out of your comfort zone. It is the fear of not being liked, of looking stupid, of being out of the masses.
A conformist is a person who changes his opinion, beliefs, attitudes, in favor of the society in which he is.
Nonconformist - a concept opposite to the previous one, that is, a person who defends an opinion that differs from the majority.
9. Catharsis 
From ancient Greek, the word "katharsis" means "purification", most often from guilt. The process of a long experience, excitement, which at the peak of development turns into liberation, something maximally positive. It is common for a person to worry for various reasons, from the thought of the iron not being turned off, etc. Here we can talk about everyday catharsis. There is a problem that reaches its peak, a person suffers, but he cannot suffer forever. The problem begins to move away, anger goes away (who has what), there comes a moment of forgiveness or awareness.
10. Empathy 
Do you get along with the person who is telling you their story? Do you live with him? Do you emotionally support the person you are listening to? Then you are an empath.
Empathy - understanding the feelings of people, willingness to provide support.
This is when a person puts himself in the place of another, understands and lives his story, but, nevertheless, remaining at his mind. Empathy is a feeling and responsive process, somewhere emotional.
Your response to an arrogant person is a reflection of your integrity, your ability to stand up for yourself.
You will definitely recognize them when you see them. These arrogant people with an arrogant attitude can easily ruin your day, unless, of course, you are armed with one or more of these 9 answers.
For some reason, an arrogant person is sure that he is somehow superior to you, although, in fact, we are all equal people, and the difference between us is quite insignificant. How you react to these people when you encounter them can affect your mood. Your response to an arrogant person is a reflection of your integrity, your ability to stand up for yourself.
9 phrases that will put an arrogant person in their place
Arrogant people share personality traits with people with narcissistic personality disorder, according to the 4th Edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used to diagnose psychological problems:
- They are considered to be special and unique, so they can only be understood by people with a special or high status, with whom they should only communicate.
They demand excessive admiration for their personality.
- They are in an unreasonable belief that everything should happen exactly as they wish or assume.
– Perform interpersonal exploitation, that is, use others to achieve their own goals.
– They lack empathy: that is, they are unable to recognize or identify the feelings and needs of other people.
– Demonstrate arrogance through their arrogant behavior or attitude.
1. - What makes you think so?
This phrase is meant to help the arrogant person understand that he is in the grip of stereotypes, that he is simply generalizing everything, as a result of which he will stop talking in this way. We hope that such people can realize that they are saying bad things. And after this is pointed out to them, they will stop expressing such thoughts.
2. - Oh-oh-oh!
If they hurt someone's feelings, whether they are yours or someone else's, call it what you see it. We are talking about offensive expressions that are used by an arrogant person. And this exclamation will help them realize the harm they cause.
3. - You know, my mother too ...
An arrogant person is more likely to single out groups of people based on race, sexual orientation, education received, etc., which allows him to express his negative stereotypes. The thing is that by humiliating others, an arrogant person tries to exalt himself in comparison with them.
You can quickly stop negative conversations by hinting that one of your loved ones is also in the same group that the arrogant person is trying to make fun of. In this way, you will let him know that such gossip is offensive to you personally and you are not going to put up with unfair slander. Most likely, after this, the rude person will apologize, which will be the best way out of the situation for him.
4. - Do you know that there are other points of view?
You and everyone else are entitled to their own opinion. But arrogant people should understand that their negative comments should not concern other people.
5. - Tell me again, why are you better than him?
Arrogant people think they are better than others. So ask them to explain why we should treat these other people differently. To this he can give quite interesting answers, but, most likely, he will simply begin to squirm. And you will put him in a very uncomfortable position if you say that he is not higher than other people.
6. - I would be grateful if these were the last words that you said on this topic.
End this arrogant man's chatter as rudely as he himself began it. This phrase will put an end to his slander. But, again, an arrogant person, used to hearing only himself. Therefore, you will have to say it in the most intelligible way for him.
7. - Shut up already, finally.
The easiest way to end a conversation with an arrogant person is to simply walk away. And the best thing is if in the end you say some rather sharp phrase that will make him think. But it is quite possible that you will not be able to influence an impudent person even in this way. They think too highly of themselves, despite all the evidence of their meanness.
8. - I'm sure you didn't want it to sound so arrogant, right?
This phrase contains good intentions, even if you are not at all sure that the person is configured in such a way. This wording actually gives the arrogant person a chance to improve, as he can answer that he really did not want to seem rude. She will also make it clear that you refuse to support his game of belittling others.
9 . "Do you understand how arrogant you look when you say such things?"
Point out their arrogant behavior and let them know that you find it completely unacceptable. Psychologists who specialize in the study of character say that humble people are completely unconcerned with themselves, while arrogant people have an inflated opinion of themselves. Representatives of society with such a character are also characterized by manipulative actions in relation to other people.
What is arrogance and what are its characteristics? Where does arrogant behavior come from in a person, what are the reasons for arrogance? What are the risks of arrogant people? What behavior is often mistaken for being arrogant? If you are interested in the answers to all these questions, read on.
This is confidence in one's superiority, a dismissive attitude towards others. (Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova)
Arrogance is pride, arrogance, arrogance, contempt for others, lower in mind and position. (Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov)
These definitions do not fully reveal the essence of arrogance, therefore it is better to consider in detail the characteristic features inherent in the behavior of an arrogant person.
Signs of arrogance
An arrogant person puts himself above all. He is arrogant, proud, selfish, overly proud.
You perceive communication with people not of your own circle, an arrogant person as a heavy duty that offends his dignity.
Arrogance manifests itself in indifference to the opinion of others.
A sign of arrogance is disrespect for people, ridiculing them.
Arrogant people have their own opinion on everything, which they fearlessly express. And in general, it's good, but that's just sometimes defending your point of view, they do not take into account the feelings and emotions of the people around them.
An arrogant person will never go back on his word. And if you point out to him that his words are far from the truth, and demand that he refuse them, it will seem ridiculous to him.
Such people rarely apologize, even if they are not one hundred percent right, they believe that this is below their dignity.
Signs of arrogance are readable in facial expressions that demonstrate contempt, neglect, indifference, lack of compassion.
Where does arrogance come from
In ancient Greece, they said that "arrogance gives birth to luck." The Greeks meant that a person becomes arrogant, by the will of blind fortune, by accident rising up and getting rich. But this is not always the case, sometimes the cause of arrogance is also shortcomings, such as poverty or some other shortcoming. A poor person, feeling the inferiority of his position, tries to overcome this shortcoming with the help of arrogance, and even can show it to the rich. For example, a poor person who hears a truthful remark from a rich man thinks: “You are rich, and besides, you want to teach me more? You're wrong!". That is, arrogance in this case is manifested in the denial of truth, the truth.
It turns out that trying to hide his shortcomings, his inferiority, a person puts on a mask of arrogance, which, according to the majority, is more inherent in people with certain virtues (handsome, strong, smart, rich, etc.) than with flaws.
Sometimes arrogance manifests itself when a person receives some knowledge, he imagines himself to be the smartest (for example, he demonstrates his red diploma of higher education at every opportunity), thinks that he knows everything, and you can’t argue with him anymore. He begins to look down on those around him and think of them as ignorant.
Arrogance can also be the cause of a person's high skill. For example, outstanding athletes, actors, singers, artists, etc. often suffer from star fever (also arrogance and pride). They think that their outstanding abilities give them the right to treat ordinary people with disdain.
People themselves often cultivate arrogance in those whom fate has lifted up. They begin to flatter, fawn over and please such people, which is why they begin to think that they are actually superior to the rest. As a result, they swell like a soap bubble, and their arrogance and arrogance reach enormous proportions, often exceeding the size of their position or position. As Nicolas Chamfort, a French thinker and moralist, wrote, “ Sometimes it is enough not to come to terms with arrogance and swagger in order to turn them into nothing. Sometimes it is enough not to notice them for them to become harmless.»
Likewise, arrogance is nurtured (one might say inherited) by wrong upbringing. Parents by their example, their behavior show how to communicate with people. Children absorb, for them parents are an example to follow. And if a father or mother behaves arrogantly towards others, then surely their child will grow up the same way.
What is dangerous and harmful arrogant behavior
Many believe that arrogant people are not only uninteresting, but disgusting to communicate with! An arrogant person is unpleasant to others, he has few friends, work colleagues avoid him, often does not stick in his personal life (partners run away). And this is understandable, will anyone really like it when they perceive it as a primitive substance, unless someone agrees to be recorded in the “gray mass”, and only because someone imagines himself to be a god.
Arrogance creates an obstacle to friendly communication, it can cross out any, absolutely any dignity.
arrogant man, trying to convince himself that he is the best, the most worthy, and should always be at the very top, falls into a trap. Firstly, he cannot afford to relax, so as not to drop the brand, everywhere and everywhere he must show his importance and significance. After all, the more a person loves himself, the more he depends on the opinions of others. Secondly, life is a fair thing and punishes arrogant people by trampling them into the mud. Thirdly, the proud and imagined painfully endures failures, losses and falls - “ How could this happen to me? - after all, he must always be at the very top, for him defeat is always a tragedy.
Arrogance can negatively affect a person's financial situation. Here is a quote from a book by a famous investor and entrepreneur Roberta Kiyosaki - « What I know is that I make money. Due to the fact that I do not know something, I lose money. Every time I'm arrogant, I lose my money. When I'm arrogant, I sincerely believe that what I don't know is not particularly important.«.
What behavior is not arrogant
People often confuse it with self-confidence 7 tips for gaining self-confidence), but the desire to believe in yourself, in your strength, does not at all indicate arrogance. Confidence gets along well with modesty, unlike arrogance, self-confidence is friendly to others, arrogance is always offensive. A self-confident person is always responsible for his words and deeds, unlike an arrogant person, he easily admits his mistakes.
We sometimes see arrogance where there is none. And this happens for a variety of reasons: out of shyness, out of embarrassment, or considering yourself unworthy of someone. It happens that a person, wounded by inattention to his person, takes another person for an arrogant person when he is simply passionate or busy with something, and therefore does not notice him.
Do not be arrogant and do not attribute this quality to people for nothing!
In the following article, you will learn - How to get rid of arrogance
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