Presentation “The Red Data Book of the Kaluga Region. river otter

river otter- This is a predatory mammal that lives more often in estuaries, less often on lakes and ponds.

This is a nimble, nimble and playful animal. In the recent past, its range extended for many kilometers, unfortunately of the old times, many of these places cannot be returned through the fault of man, she left forever and will never return to them.

Outwardly, its appearance strongly resembles. In general, the muscles of the animal are well developed; it is a fairly large and strong predator.

Body weight varies from 6 to 12 kg. The length of the elongated, elastic and streamlined body can reach from 55 to 100 cm. The length of the not fluffy, but rather muscular tail is 25 - 54 cm.

On four short limbs there are skin membranes that contribute to efficient rowing under water. On the back of the animal, the fur is gray-brown, and the belly is silvery.

The fur of the animal is very delicate and fluffy, in contrast to the outer coarse hair. The undercoat is very dense, so the animal is not threatened with hypothermia, as it remains waterproof.

We have already briefly mentioned its former range, it remains only to add that it lives in a small number in most of Europe, Asia, including North Africa. The exceptions are the Arabian Peninsula and the far north.

This animal is very shy and tries to keep away from human presence, leads a predominantly nocturnal and solitary lifestyle. Only during the mating season they can be observed in small groups of no more than three individuals.

An adult male otter, going out to fish at dusk, is able to comb several reservoirs located within its territory; by the way, it can stretch along the river for 15 or even 17 kilometers. He carefully guards his rightful possessions and marks his area with feces. This tells other animals that this territory is occupied.

Unfortunately, it happens, sometimes fraught with the fact for animal life, when he moves from one lake to another, on the way he often gets into traps lined by local poachers and dies in them.

The area of ​​possession of a female with cubs is extremely small, however, as a rule, it necessarily intersects with the territory of the male - the father of the brood. He can coexist with several females at the same time, and during the mating season - mate with them several times.

Food

The main delicacy in his diet is fish, but this species is picky about food, and can eat quite diversely, here are just a few examples; mammals, and fish included in its daily menu:

• Water birds, for example; ;
• Crayfish;
• Young rabbits;
• Acne:
• Karasi:
• Chebaki;
• Scavengers;

But it is not full list, it can be continued and it will become much longer. The presence of eel fish in the pond gives our animal great pleasure and adds indomitable excitement, as this is the most favorite dish in its rich diet.

The trophy eats, getting out on aquatic algae or even on land near its lair. Young individuals start learning to swim quickly under water at the age of three months, because by this time the formation of a waterproof layer is completed.

it unique creation nature can breed all year round. When a female river otter starts rutting, the male finds her by smell and mates with her many times a day.

In the litter, there are from two to four cubs born in an underground hole located under the roots of trees growing near the coast. Occasionally, the female may borrow rabbit holes for living.

For the first month and a half, cubs are extremely vulnerable, caring mother feeds them with its nutritious and rich milk. Only the female brings up the cubs, the male will be driven away after the babies are born.

After 10 months, they can go out under the cover of darkness to hunt on their own, and by the year they leave their native nest and go looking for uninhabited places.

In the past, a real hunt was carried out on the otter, as its fur and skin were in demand in many countries. The following black streak in the life of the animal came in the mid-50s, severe pollution of water bodies served as a colossal reduction in the population.

Once, quite a long time ago, fish farmers made an attempt on the life of an animal, because they considered it a real pest, which was capable, as it seemed to them, of destroying all the fish in the reservoir.

In most countries, since the middle of the last century, the otter has been protected by law and is under the protection of the relevant services. In some countries of the European state, this type of animal is specially bred, then released into the wild.

AT wild nature common otter can live no more than 10 - 12 years.

1. The coat of the animal is covered with a fatty layer that does not allow to get wet and supercool.
2. The cub after birth weighs no more than 65 grams.
3. Swimming under water, she is able to hold her breath for a long time during this time the hunter can swim up to 400 meters.
4. The daily food intake should reach 20% of the total body weight of a fluffy animal.

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In total there are 17 presentations in the topic

Otter is a large animal with an elongated, flexible, streamlined body. Body length 5595 cm, tail 2655 cm, weight 6 10 kg. Paws are short, with swimming membranes. The tail is muscular, not bushy. Fur color: dark brown above, light silver below. The guard hairs are coarse, but the underfur is very thick and delicate.

The density of the woolly cover can reach 51 thousand per 1 cm 2. Such high density the undercoat makes the fur completely impervious to water and perfectly insulates the body of the animal, protecting it from hypothermia. The body structure of the otter is adapted for swimming under water: a flat head, short legs, a long tail.

The most common member of the otter subfamily. It is found in a vast area covering almost all of Europe (except the Netherlands and Switzerland), Asia (except the Arabian Peninsula) and North Africa. In Russia, it is found everywhere, including on Far North in the Magadan region, in Chukotka.

It lives mainly in forest rivers rich in fish, less often in lakes and ponds. Found on the coast. Prefers rivers with whirlpools, with rapids that do not freeze in winter, with washed-out water, littered with windbreak banks, where there are many reliable shelters and places for burrows.

The hunting grounds of one otter in summer make up a section of the river from 2 to 18 km long and about 100 m deep into the coastal zone. In winter, with the depletion of fish stocks and the freezing of polynyas, it is forced to roam, sometimes crossing high watersheds straight across. At the same time, the otter descends from the slopes, rolling down on its belly, leaving a characteristic trace in the form of a gutter. It travels up to 1520 km per day on ice and snow.

The otter feeds mainly on fish (carp, pike, trout, roach, gobies), and prefers small fish. In winter it eats frogs, rather regularly larvae of caddisflies. In summer, in addition to fish, it catches water voles and other rodents; in some places systematically hunts waders and ducks.

Hunting and the use of agricultural pesticides have reduced the number of otters. In 2000, the common otter was listed on the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List as "Vulnerable" (vulnerable) species. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk region, Saratov and Rostov regions.

Isaeva Olesya
Presentation "Red Book Kaluga region. River Otter"

Kaluga region- this is an amazing region that fascinates many tourists. Here you can enjoy all the seasons, meet a bear or an elk in the forest, admire the diverse world of plants. More than 50 percent of the area is occupied by forests, rivers and reservoirs. Region rich unique species animals that are under protection.

Red Data Book of the Kaluga Region is a document issued in 2006. This includes animals, plants, mushrooms, birds that are under threat. They need our protection, our attention. This list is quite large. let's go through the pages Red Book. Let's start with the fungi kingdom. Under the protection of them is a huge number. Among fungi, the most feared are the following: the sarcosome is spherical, it is a very rare fungus, very interesting view, a small barrel of water drowned in moss, and for example ramariopsis beautiful- this mushroom can be found on dry slopes.

Animals and birds are listed very diverse, for example, lynx, bison, Brown bear, mink, from birds stork, lark.

How can we save our natural world? How to introduce children to such a diverse world of nature? Learn to care for animals? For this, I have developed presentations to directly educational activities with kids.

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