Recycling and disposal of plastic bottles. Collection and sale of plastic bottles Collection of plastic bottles as a business

The food, pharmacological and agro-industrial sectors of the domestic economy are constantly in need of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). It is ideal for the manufacture of containers, films, fibers, light structures. PET can go through an endless chain of recycling. A competent business plan for the collection and recycling of plastic will help to make money on this.

About the demand for recycled PET

According to the annual review PET in Russia 2016, the capacity of the Russian market in 2015 amounted to 547 thousand tons. A significant part of the demand is met by imports. In connection with currency fluctuations and rising prices for products, manufacturers are leaning towards domestic recyclables. The refining segment grew by 13% to 493 kt and is expected to grow.

A business plan for recycling plastic waste can be drawn up based on the availability of sufficient demand for the final product in the form of granules or flakes. Partners to look for among manufacturers:

• polyester fiber;
• packing tape;
• tiles, paving slabs, flex greenhouses;
• films and sheets;
• containers for food and non-food purposes;
• bristles for brushes of sweepers and car washes.

You need to “probe” the sales market in advance. Potential partners may have specific requirements for the characteristics of the future product (compliance with food standards, density, viscosity). This is important when choosing equipment.

Benefits of activity

Your PET bottle recycling business plan should include social value points. The problem of recycling plastic waste is well known.

Russia is implementing federal and municipal environmental programs, and public organizations provide grants for the development of such projects.

As part of them, you can count on:

If the solids separation program household waste in the settlement has not been implemented before, it needs to be implemented with the participation of the municipality. Social advertising will make it possible to teach conscious citizens to collect bottles and even unscrew the caps from them beforehand.

PET processing giants (Senezh, Polief, Sibur-PET, Alco-Nafta) take advantage of a positive image. A start-up enterprise also needs to take care of it. Large-scale expenses will not be required - a few actions to collect garbage in places of rest of citizens are enough.

Collection of raw materials

The main part of the start-up costs, according to the recycling business plan plastic bottles, accounts for the adaptation of the premises, the restoration of communications, the purchase of a production line. But in the future, the key costs will be associated with the collection, primary processing and sorting of PET waste.

Where to looking for

The purest raw materials are marriage and production waste. Waste in the manufacture of bottles and preforms (blanks for their blowing) is up to 2.5% of the production volume. The bulk of the purchased raw materials are used PET bottles. They can be prepared through:

• separate waste collection;
• purchases through collection points and from enterprises (for example, catering);
• scattered collection in places of accumulation, for example, in landfills.

Practice has shown the inefficiency of creating a waste collection system. The low procurement cost of bottles does not stimulate their delivery. This raw material is pure and of high quality, but expensive.

The best collection system for used bottles is separate collection at landfills with subsequent sorting. The technique is widespread in the West and will be developed in Russia. Here it is important to secure the assistance of the authorities and the population.

How to sort

Raw materials are sorted manually, PET identification is not difficult. Suitable bottles for drinks and food. Containers for other PET liquids have a special marking - a recycling sign with the number 1.

Bottles are sorted by color, foreign objects are removed - paper, rubber, other types of plastics (for example, PVC, PEN, LDPE), caps and tire linings are removed, because:

• when selling finished products color purity is important (the usual tolerance for impurities is up to 1%);
• bottles without caps are better pressed for transportation;
• homogeneous material is easier to process.

The bottles are formed into bales by hydraulic or mechanical presses. If the caps are not removed, the bottle has to be pierced manually or equipped with a press with spikes. Then the raw material is transported.

Recycling process

The plant line consists of several units connected together by belt conveyors:

• rotary machine (not provided in mini-installations) separates labels, covers;
• a blender-type crusher grinds raw materials with knives;
• a screw conveyor equipped with an Archimedean screw moves the resulting mass of finely chopped plastic;
• the steam boiler is designed to remove foreign substances - label glue, oils, etc.;
• the washer-polisher, rinser and dryer-water separator complete the treatment.

At the exit, the finished flex in the form of flakes accumulates in a special bunker.

Primary costs

A full line of flakes with a capacity of 0.8-1 ton per hour will cost 132 thousand dollars (9.5 million rubles). The flex output will be 80% of the loaded raw material. At the same time, 20% falls on unsuitable for processing parts and production losses (shrinkage, shrinkage). The total power consumption of the line is 73 kW/h.

9 workers are needed to service the plant. They will:

• reject and process raw materials (approximately 120 kg of PET bottles per hour);
• load it into the unit;
• unload the product.

The salary of an employee is about 20 thousand rubles. monthly. The cost of raw materials is about 9 thousand rubles. per ton of bottles (approximately 24 thousand pieces). The output of a pure product is not less than 15 tons with an 8-hour working day.

The cost of flakes flex depends on the color and specifications and is 35-40 thousand rubles. per ton. The profitability of the enterprise is quite high: the payback of the business will occur in about 2.5 years.

Buy a ready-made plastic bottle recycling business plan

Like any other business, organizing a plastic bottle recycling shop, with the right approach, will bring good profits.
The most important thing in this business is:

1. Find cheap and permanent sources of raw materials.
2. Establish distribution channels for products.

Thus, having solved these key questions for yourself, you can safely count on receiving a stable income. But, at first, you will have to make a lot of effort.

Therefore, we recommend that you take the help of professionals and which will be developed individually for your needs. Also, in addition, you can agree on the timing and cost of developing your business project.

Business from scratch - how to write a business plan: Video

I'll tell you real story business formation. Looking ahead, I’ll say that you won’t become a millionaire collecting plastic bottles, but a fairly large and stable income is provided. And so the word to Igor. Every morning, when I leave my apartment, I see a myriad of tin and plastic bottles in the entrance, in the evening young people arrange gatherings, so they relax. In the courtyard, the picture is exactly the same.



Usually during the day glass containers pick up the homeless but the plastic bottle as they lay and lie. I have long been tormented by doubts, is it possible to somehow profit from this mountain of plastic bottles?

I rummaged through the directory and found the Plastik enterprise in the region. I called and asked if they needed recycled plastic. "Necessary" - they answer. “Then why don’t you collect the plastic that lies under your feet?” “Here you collect, deliver - we will buy” - it seemed funny to me.

Well, I go to the housing office, I negotiate with the boss, he gives the master and the material. We cook a cage-frame. We paint this box and put it near the trash can in the “passing” place near the school. For seed, we throw a couple of plastic bottles there. I come in the evening ... In general, the effect exceeded all expectations. Not only is the cage-container 2 m high filled to the top, but there are also plenty of bottles around. Chief Zhek was in disarray.

The very next day, he reported about this "phenomenon" at the City Council, where on the same day they gave the "green light" to a new line of business. Now, plastic containers are placed near all the trash cans. They are filled on average in a week, and in crowded places - in 2-3 days. The city has become much cleaner. Now it's the neighborhood's turn.

The essence of the phenomenon, in my opinion, is this. Initially, the cells were "transparent". But when there were a lot of cells, the problem of loading the content appeared. So that this process does not take too much time, they began to insert synthetic bags into the cells. So. Cells with bags were filled very weakly, and the next standing "transparent" - very quickly.

When this pattern was noticed, the bags were removed. That is, people see an empty space and subconsciously try to fill it - apparently, this gives them some kind of inner satisfaction, such is human psychology.

Another problem - what is the "good" to take out? It is light, but oh-oh-very voluminous! The solution is simple - a container receiver with a thermal press is installed on an ordinary bead. Now one bead for the whole city is enough - a full container is recycled to a small cube in 5-6 minutes. just in time for the bus to reach the next trash can.
Such is the idea - purity and money at the same time.

• Collecting plastic
• Taxation system
  • • • Similar business ideas:

Recycling plastic waste is a mega topical idea in modern business. The number of goods and products that use plastic for packaging and packaging is constantly growing. As a container, plastic is very advantageous compared to other materials, and this is the reason for its popularity. Meanwhile, from the point of view of ecology, this is not the most “useful” material. Plastic itself does not decompose, and when burned, it releases harmful substances into the atmosphere. Therefore, its disposal is possible only at specially prepared sites ...

Collecting plastic

The collection of raw materials is exactly the stumbling block that confuses many investors. Unlike Europe, where plastic waste have long been thrown away by residents in separate containers, in our country such a practice does not take root well. Well, our people do not like to bother environmental issues when household is enough. Therefore, the installation of special prefabricated containers for plastic in the yards of high-rise buildings is an extremely dubious undertaking. There are other ways to get raw materials. One of the most real is the purchase of pressed recycled plastic. There are enterprises that specialize exclusively in the collection and pressing of plastic bottles. There are organizations like this in every major city. One kilogram of pressed PET costs about 15 rubles. The only difficulty here is to organize the transportation of pressed PET, because the volume is very large. And not every small business is ready to provide large volumes and its own transport.

Plastic recycling technology

Plastic recycling is a process carried out in several stages: first, the plastic is washed and dried, then it is cut, and the last stage is the actual production of recycled material, plastic granules. Processing into granules is carried out in presses - extruders, and the output is granulated material - flex.

The secondary granule, which is obtained as a result of plastic recycling, is in high demand. This is exactly the case when demand really exceeds supply. Our processing enterprises cannot cover the needs of the domestic market of the Russian Federation, so many enterprises buy pellets in China. For this reason, due to the growth of the dollar in last years the price of pellets has skyrocketed.

The granule is obtained from recycled waste, which at the first stage of processing is called flex (white multi-colored fluffy flakes). The granulate then goes to the production of well-known plastic products: PET, barrels, canisters, bottles for household chemicals, boxes, containers, polyethylene film. Also, raw materials are used for the production of insulation for clothes, filler for soft toys and sleeping bags, for bandage tape and car upholstery. The scope of recycled plastic is so large that in principle there should be no doubts about the sale of these products.

Choosing a place for plastic recycling

Selecting a production site is not an easy task. According to the law, such objects should be located at a respectful distance from residential buildings, at least 500 - 1000 m. You can look for suitable premises in the industrial zone of the city, where rental rates are not so high. The area of ​​the object must be at least 700 square meters. m., since it is necessary to allocate space not only for the production workshop, but also for the premises for the acceptance of raw materials, as well as for the warehouse of finished products. As for engineering requirements, they are not so high. You can do without hot and cold water supply (use autonomous sources), without any "frills" in the design of the room. The main thing is the presence of sufficient electrical power for the operation of the main equipment.

How much can you earn from plastic recycling

So, a kilogram of plastic granulate costs about 80 rubles. For understanding, one plastic bottle of 1.5 liters. weighs approximately 40 gr. That is, 25 recycled bottles will bring us 80 rubles. (revenue, of course), 25,000 bottles will bring 80,000 rubles. Do not forget that in addition to bottles, there are also heavier items, such as canisters, plastic barrels, etc. Their weight is more than 1 kg, and they also get for next to nothing.

What equipment to choose for plastic recycling

The list of equipment entirely depends on the technological length of the processing cycle. What do we mean. For example, PET waste can be purchased both cleaned and not cleaned (in fact, in its original form). AT last case it will be necessary to additionally purchase equipment for washing waste, which will naturally increase the initial investment, but in the future it will allow obtaining products with a lower (and, therefore, more competitive) price. The line may include the following components:

• Equipment for receiving, storing and transporting raw materials (pneumatic transport)
• Grinding equipment (knife, hammer, impact crushers)
• Mixing equipment (mixers)
• Extruders
• Kalandry
• injection molding machines
• Presses

It is difficult to say how much the production line will cost specifically. As noted above. A lot depends on the configuration, production goals and the country of the equipment manufacturer. One thing is for sure - the matter will not be limited to $ 100 thousand. Perhaps that is why there are not so many such enterprises in our country yet.

Key Issues for Organizing a Plastic Recycling Business

The organization of this area of ​​​​commercial activity should begin with a study of the market situation. You need to find out which companies in your area will buy finished pellets, if there is a free niche in this market, and also calculate how much you can reduce the wholesale cost of finished products in order to create your customer base. If you have found out that this area of ​​​​commercial activity has real development prospects, then you can begin to address the following issues:

• collecting information and preparing a business plan, but for this you need to decide on the method of obtaining raw materials (organize the work of plastic collection points or sign a contract with a company that produces compressed recyclables);
• business registration with the Federal Tax Service, social funds and statistical authorities;
• solution of all legal issues;
• search for premises for the workshop, as well as signing contracts with suppliers of raw materials / consumables and buyers of finished products;
• formation of staff;
• purchase of equipment, tools, etc.

In the process of implementing the presented plan, additional problems may arise, but they rarely violate the proven algorithm for creating a profitable plastic recycling enterprise.

Financial aspect of business organization

If you are planning to create a serious, profitable company, you will need a decent amount of money. The most expensive item of expenditure is the purchase of high-performance equipment ($70-150 thousand), followed by the following costs:

• rental of premises;
• repair in the workshop, warehouses and office, taking into account the requirements of the fire inspection and Rospotrebnazor;
• preparation of documentation and business registration.

In addition, do not forget that after the start of activities, it will take 1-5 months until the company reaches the level of self-sufficiency. These costs must be financed from our own sources. If you calculate all the listed costs, you get an amount of 80-170 thousand dollars.

List of required documents

In addition to certificates of registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC with the Federal Tax Service, Pension Fund, etc., you must have the following documents:

• permits of Rospotrebnadzor and fire inspection;
• lease agreements for premises;
• personnel contracts;
• papers confirming the quality of products.

In addition, the activities of your company will be constantly monitored by environmentalists to eliminate the possibility of pollution. environment. Important point! Be sure to remember or keep your activity code in a safe place. AT this case, this is OKVED 38.32.53.

Taxation system

Entrepreneurs who are engaged in the processing of plastic, mainly choose a simplified taxation regime. It allows you to prepare declarations to the Federal Tax Service without the appropriate education, and makes it possible to choose the method of calculating taxes. You can pay 6% of revenue or 15% of profit.

A business based on recycling will always be highly profitable. The use of used plastic bottles for the production of polymer chips, with the proper organization of the marketing process of finished products, can not only quickly return the investment cash, but also provide a constant, high income.

Advantages and disadvantages of business

The positive aspects of organizing the recycling of plastic bottles include the following:
Business is socially significant The process of environmental pollution with various plastics is so great that you can count on assistance from the administration of the locality where plastic processing will be organized.

The low level of competition in this business is a big advantage for those businessmen who open a plastic bottle recycling business this year.

In addition to the advantages, such a business has disadvantages:

• To open a mini-factory for the processing of plastic bottles, you will need to issue a large number of permits. In our country, this issue of recycling is not fully regulated and therefore only on legal registration, such an enterprise, can take about 6 months.
• At first, it is quite difficult to arrange the supply of raw materials for processing. To market finished products, it is also necessary to establish difficult relationships with manufacturers of plastic products.
• Great dependence of plastic bottle recycling on manual labor. For the full functioning of even a small processing plant, it is required to hire a sufficient number of workers who need to be paid wages, as well as to make payments in Pension Fund and the CHI fund.

Despite all the difficulties that may arise at the preparatory stage, a well-established process for the supply and marketing of products, as well as production technology, will make it possible to receive significant dividends from the funds invested in processing in a short time.

Technology of the processing process

The technological process of processing is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Collection of used plastic bottles.
2. Sorting of raw materials.
3. Manual removal of metal paper and rubber from each bottle.
4. Pressing raw materials.
5. Pressed raw materials are loaded onto a conveyor for processing.

The result of processing will be flex, which is plastic flakes. Flex is used to make bottles or other plastic products. It is necessary to organize the bottle recycling process in such a way that the equipment does not stand idle. In order to ensure the operation of the equipment, a large amount of raw materials will be required. The most suitable places for collecting products are all kinds of landfills. You can open a collection point for plastic bottles from the population. In large cities, containers with the inscription: “for plastic bottles” can be placed in residential areas. Bottle recycling equipment

To equip a small processing plant, you need to purchase:

• Sorting conveyor.
• Vibrating sieve.
• Crusher.
• Centrifuge.
• Cork separator.
• Washing capacity.
• Drying.

This equipment will cost at least 4,000,000 rubles. If you buy equipment in the secondary market, you can save up to 50% of the cost of a new production line.

Collection of raw materials and sale of finished products

For the full functioning of the processing line, a constant supply of raw materials is necessary, therefore, it is necessary to diversify the channels for receiving bottles for processing as much as possible. It can also be direct buying from the population or from catering enterprises. Most of the raw materials can be obtained free of charge if containers for plastic bottles are installed in places where garbage is collected.

The less money spent on the purchase of raw materials, the lower the cost of production and the higher the profitability of the enterprise. Serious problems with the sale of finished products, as a rule, do not arise.

Flex, which is obtained as a result of the processing of bottles, is readily bought up by wholesale parties, manufacturers of various plastic products.

We consider profit

It is very difficult to make an accurate calculation of the profitability of a bottle recycling business. The difficulty lies in the fact that at the stage of the calculations it is impossible to determine the exact cost of raw materials. If the locality in which it is planned to open this production has a population of more than 100,000 people, then in this case you can count on a constant supply of raw materials at a price of 1-2 rubles per kilogram. Given the large number of people who are below the poverty line, a recycling center for used plastic bottles in a big city will provide a large amount of inexpensive raw materials.
If the production of processing plastic containers will be located in a rural locality, then it will only be possible to count on successful business if there is a solid waste landfill in the immediate vicinity of the plant. Under such conditions, it is also enough to set the acceptance of plastic at the level of 1-2 rubles per 1 kg, and you will not have to worry about the supply of raw materials for processing.

It will be possible to sell products at a price of 30 rubles per 1 kg of flex. Given the minimum amount of waste in the raw material received, a plastic bottle recycled into flex will cost 15 times more than the original raw material.

This business would be considered extremely profitable, if not for the large monthly costs of paying salaries to workers in the processing complex. Accepted containers must be manually sorted by color and quality of plastic. Automation that would cope with this work does not exist, so for the functioning of a small production, you will need at least 4 people to work on the conveyor, and you also need loaders and a truck driver.

At least 100,000 rubles will be spent on wages every month, but this amount can be increased if the processing plant works in 2 shifts. In addition to wages, you must pay Communal expenses, which will be quite significant due to the consumption of a large amount of electricity. The average cost of utility bills for a small processing shop will be at least 30,000 rubles per month.

Under ideal conditions for running this business, you can calculate the approximate profitability of the processing plant. With a processing capacity of 100 kg / h, for 1 work shift you can get up to 800 kg of flex, which will be sold at a wholesale price of 30 rubles per 1 kg. Thus, the daily revenue of the enterprise will be 24,000 rubles. With a five-day working week, monthly revenue will be about 0.5 million rubles. From this amount, you must subtract various monthly payments:

• Salary - 100,000 rubles.
• Rent - 50,000 rubles.
• Electricity - 30,000 rubles.
• The cost of raw materials is 50,000 rubles.

With monthly expenses of 230,000 rubles, the net profit will be about 300,000 rubles per month. With the initial cost of purchasing equipment, the company will fully pay off within 1 year. Of course, such a development of events is only possible if the processing plant operates at full capacity. If insufficient quantities of raw materials are supplied for processing, then the revenue will be significantly lower, and the payback period can be extended to 2 or more years.

Business development prospects

If, after 1-2 years of successful operation, the processing plant will operate successfully, and there will be a need to increase production capacity, it will be possible to transfer the enterprise to a round-the-clock operation. The profit that will be received from the processing and sale of plastic containers, within 2 years, can be used to open a plant with a higher production capacity.

The most promising location for this enterprise will be in a city with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants. For the workload of production, you can additionally purchase products in neighboring regions with the delivery of goods using railway transport.

You can significantly increase the profitability of a plastic bottle recycling business if you organize full cycle, production of plastic products. In this case, there is no need to find buyers for flex, all produced plastic chips will be used for the production of bottles or other products.

Conclusion

Before engaging in this business, it is necessary to conduct market research. The number of processing enterprises that operate in a given region should be precisely established. If the city already has a processing plant of sufficiently large capacity, then it will be very difficult for a small enterprise to compete.

In any locality, the number of used containers is a constant value, and if someone has already established the collection of raw materials, then for a newly opened enterprise, the volume of containers accepted for processing will not be enough for full functioning. Open a small shop for the processing of plastic bottles should be in a rented room. When the business is established and needs to be expanded, it is necessary to build a room for this purpose.

In this case, you can completely exclude rent from monthly expenses, which will significantly increase the profitability of production. Despite serious difficulties in initial stage running a plastic bottle recycling business, this type of business activity brings a very large profit, which directly depends on the proper organization of the supply of raw materials and the sale of finished products.

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