Description: War Thunder is a next generation military MMO game dedicated to...
Rivers with the name Sura in the territory Russian Federation there are several:
- The tributary of the Pinega.
- River in the Amur region.
- in the Arkhangelsk region.
- in the Murmansk region.
But the most famous of them is the Sura River, which is the second largest right tributary of the Volga.
Linguists claim that its name comes from an ancient language that was previously spoken in the Volga region. It is noteworthy that its carriers are no longer left today. The picturesque shores are a favorite vacation spot for a large number of tourists, attracting them not only with beautiful landscapes, but also as wonderful place for fishing.
River features
Sura is one of the most beautiful rivers with a moderately winding channel. The bottom is dominated by a sand and pebble structure, due to which the river is subject to erosion. Despite its impressive length, almost the entire right bank is located on a hill, representing a continuous series of cliffs overgrown with shrubs and trees. In addition, in some places you can see how limestone and chalk outcrops appear on the surface.
The left bank is a set sandy beaches, some of which are densely overgrown with dense shrubs, and the Sura River is hiding behind them. The tributaries of this river are impressive in their size, but the most significant of them are on the left side - these are Truev, Kadada and Uza.
The steep structure of the banks of the Sura is explained by the significant slope of the bed in the direction of the Volga. In the upper section of the river, the current speed sometimes reaches 0.9 m / s, while the movement of water in most of the Sura occurs from east to west, sometimes leaning towards the northeast.
Basic data
Sura is the second largest river in Mordovia. This is one of the most picturesque water arteries Volga Upland. In addition, the Sura River flows into the Volga, being its second largest tributary. It flows along the eastern and southeastern outskirts of Mordovia for 120 km. The total length of the river is 841 km. In addition, it affects such regions as Ulyanovsk, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, the territories of Chuvashia and the Republic of Mari El.
The most suitable time to make a trip along the water surface of this river is May. At this time, the Sura River becomes full-flowing. And the speed of the current increases, so that it is not necessary to exert great effort to move through the water.
The width of the river in Mordovia varies on average within 5 km, while in some places it can expand up to 10-12 km, and in some, on the contrary, narrow to such an extent that its width does not exceed 1-2 km.
water travel
In the summer season, you can even move around Sura by kayaks. The length of water routes in this case:
- From the station "Sura Novaya" in the Penza region to the recreation center "Sura". The length of the route will be approximately 16 km.
- When departing from the recreation center "Sura" to the destination on Lake Inerka, the length of the route will reach 11 km.
- In the event that Lake Inerka is the point of departure, the route will be 17.5 km and will lead the traveler to the village of Nikolaevka, Bolshebereznikovsky District.
For experienced travelers, the route can be extended at will to the village of Surskoye, located in the Ulyanovsk region.
Main entertainment
Since the length that the Sura River reaches is very significant, and the area is picturesque, people have long chosen it as the main vacation spot in the warm season. A large number of children's camps and recreation centers with the same name - "Sura" were erected on the banks of the river. In addition, it is important that the area adjacent to them was equipped for very spacious and comfortable beaches. A large number of lakes have been collected in the floodplain of the river, while the main attraction for most tourists continues to be the most big lake on the territory of Mordovia under the name Inerka.
Of course, one cannot fail to note the development of fishing in the Sura, which was greatly facilitated by the presence in the river of a large number of various types of fish. This encourages many avid anglers to visit Sura.
Story
According to the surviving information provided by various archival sources, by the end of the 19th century, the Sura River began in the immediate vicinity of the village of Surskiye Peaks. To date, this territory is part of the Baryshsky district of the Ulyanovsk region. In those days, two streams served as the source of the Sura, merging with each other and forming, thanks to this, a small river flowing through the village. Already outside it, the Kramola River and additional streams flowed into it, due to which the Sura became a full-flowing river.
To date, the right source has practically disappeared as a result of uncontrolled cutting down of the surrounding forests. In addition, a dam was built in the area where the Sura River connected with this source, as a result of which the streams, which served as the main source of its filling in this area, began to gradually silt up. And since that time, it was decided to consider its source a river flowing in a nearby forest.
Despite the fact that in former times the Sura was not a wide or deep river, during periods of high water it was successfully used to transport timber, which was a very dangerous and difficult task.
The role of the river in the protected area
The Sura River, the photo of which is posted below, flows through the largest section of the Privolzhskaya Forest-Steppe Reserve called the Upper Sura for more than 10 km. Despite the fact that the main water line runs along the Penza Territory, the width of the river here is insignificant, and the Sura is just beginning to gain strength here. It is noteworthy that this fact only gives the reserve an exceptional water protection value.
The headwaters of the Sura impress visitors with their size, while the area is characterized by high hilliness, thanks to which you can see in detail all the valleys of the river and the streams that flow into it. It is located at an altitude of more than 290 m on a spur of the Volga Upland, the more common name of which is the Surskaya cone. It is noteworthy that this territory has acquired the status protected area only in 1991.
A lot of forest streams flow through the territory of the reserve, flowing into the Sura, the total length of which is about 27-30 km. They are replenished mainly due to melt and groundwater, originating from ravines and springs.
Sura (Chuvash. Săr, miner. Shur, Erz. Sura Lei) is a large right tributary of the Volga, the second largest river in the Ulyanovsk region. It flows through Ulyanovsk, Penza and Nizhny Novgorod regions, Mordovia, Mari El and Chuvashia. The largest city on the Sura is Penza. The cities of Sursk, Alatyr, Yadrin, Shumerlya are also located on the Sura, and the Vasilsursk pier is at the mouth.
The length of the river is 841 km (within the Ulyanovsk region, the Sura flows 160 km, receiving 10 tributaries here), the basin area is 67,500 km2, annual flow- 8.16 cubic km (Domanitsky et al. 1971). The density of the river network is 0.47 (twice the average for Central Russia); lakes and swampiness - less than 1%, only in the upper reaches the swampiness is 2%.
1. Origin of the name.
Soviet linguist B.A. Serebrennikov did not rule out that the name of the river could be due to one of the extinct Volga languages, which in the Sura basin could have preceded Mordovian.
The Sur river basin is connected with the territories of the ancient habitation of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Volga region - the Mordovians and Mari, who preceded here the Turkic-speaking peoples - the Chuvash and Tatars. It is possible that in the upper reaches of the river the ancient Finno-Ugric peoples were in contact with the ancient Iranian-Sarmatian tribes, and the name could have an Iranian basis. In a number of Iranian languages, the common noun sur, surkh, is still used in the meaning of “brown”, “red”, which means the color of clay shores and the brownish tint of water flowing along a muddy-clay channel. It is possible that the Finno-Ugric origin of this hydronym is Suuri - “big”, “great”).
The Mari call the Sura River with the word Shur, which corresponds to the Udmurt common noun shur - "river". In the Mordovian language, the name of the river sounds the same as in Russian - Sura (sometimes Suro).
2. Historical information.
The formation of Mordovian tribes in the Ulyanovsk Volga region took place along the Sura River. The western border of Volga Bulgaria ran along the Sura River. Until the 16th century, the eastern border of the Moscow principality passed along the Sura. In 1552, at the Barancheev settlement (village of Baryshskaya Sloboda, Sursky district), the regiments of the princes Kurbsky, Serebryany, Mstislavsky and Vorotynsky, going to “fight Kazan”, crossed Sura. From the Sura to the Volga, "defensive lines" and "defensive lines" stretched, saving nomads from raids. Through the territory of the modern Ulyanovsk region, from Promzino to Undory, the Undorovskaya notch line stretched (the beginning of construction is estimated in 1550). In 1647, the construction of the Simbirsko-Karsunskaya notch line (stretching from Sursky Ostrog to Simbirsk) began.
From the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century. The Sura River was one of the most important transport arteries of the Simbirsk province. It allowed to move various cargoes to the central regions of Russia. The time of mass rafting along the Sura was a high water, when the water level rose noticeably. The flood happened on the Sura earlier than on the Volga, so the goods, and in particular the famous Sura bread, were delivered to the exchanges Nizhny Novgorod and Rybinsk, formerly Volga. Of the piers that existed on the Sura in the middle of the 19th century, the Promzinskaya pier was considered the largest. From the “description of the village of Promzino” (I. Tokmakov, 1895), “half of all the bread purchased for shipment from the Sura piers is sent from the Promzinskaya pier. In addition, some products, such as lard, potash, linseed, are almost exclusively loaded on this pier; potash, however, is also loaded in Poretsky. In total, from the piers of the Alatyr and Karsun districts in 1865, the following amount of various kinds of bread and products was sent .... in the amount of 2,000,000 rubles. sir."
One of the five expeditions of the ornithologist S.A. Buturlina took place in the Middle Prisurie. In 1919-1921 S.A. Buturlin, already a world-famous scientist, together with Professor B.M. Zhitkov led the Surskaya expedition, created by the People's Commissariat of Education of the USSR, which was collecting an ornithological collection for the Institute of Natural History organized in the city of Alatyr (Chuvashia). Established in 1985 (by the order of the Head of the RSFSR on January 28, 1985), the Sursky Republican Zoological Reserve bears the name of S.A. Buturlin.
In 1996, the expedition "Outposts of the Fatherland" was organized and conducted, dedicated to the 350th anniversary of Simbirsk-Ulyanovsk. The expedition passed along the former defensive line of the 17th century - the Belgorod-Simbirsk line along its entire length, including in the interfluve of the Sura and Barysh rivers. As a result of the expedition, 11 episodes of television programs were prepared, a number of articles were published in local publications.
3. Geographic information.
The Sura originates on the Surskaya Shishka Upland (at an altitude of 293 m), flows to the west, then from the city of Penza mainly to the north, almost in a meridional direction and flows into the Volga near the city of Vasilsursk. The mouth lies at an altitude of 193 m. The total fall is 101 m. It belongs to the Volga River basin.
The Sura receives more than 40 tributaries. The left tributaries are more numerous and more abundant than the right ones. The largest tributaries are Pyana, Alatyr and Barysh.
The Sura basin is 67.5 thousand km2 (which is more than twice the area of Belgium) and is located on the Volga Upland and on the Mezhpyanye Upland. Most of the watershed occurs within the forest-steppe zone.
It is customary to divide the Sura into 3 parts: the upper section of the river - from the source to the mouth of the Uza, the middle section - from the mouth of the Uza to the mouth of the Barysh River, and the lower section - from the mouth of the Barysh River to the mouth of the Sura near the city of Vasilsursk.
Source.
The source of the river is located on the Surskaya Shishka hill (southwest of the Ulyanovsk region), at an altitude of 293 m.
In the middle of the 20th century, the source of the river was 10-12 km east of the village of Surskiye Peaks. Even 20 years ago, the source was on the southeastern outskirts of the village of Surskiye Peaks, but now it is actually not there. This is explained by the fact that the forests around are heavily exterminated, and those that have survived have been severely exterminated, and those that have survived are severely thinned and have lost their water protection value. In the very log, where the springs were located, there used to be a lot of willow. Willows grew, which were largely cut down. But, most importantly, a dam was created in the log and a reservoir appeared, as a result, all the springs turned out to be silted up. The current actual source of the Sura in the form of a stream 20-30 cm deep and 1.2-2.0 m wide begins slightly below Filippov Klyuch at the confluence of the Chernaya and Karmala rivers, and is located 2 km southwest of the outskirts of the village of Surskiye Peaks. It is a Natural Monument (the source of the Sura River was approved as a natural monument by the decision of the Ulyanovsk Regional Executive Committee No. 204 of May 8, 1988).
Upper section of the Sura River.
The upper section of the river (from the source to the mouth of the Uza) has a length of 170 km. The valley of the upper Sura is narrow - 150-170 m and has a mountainous character. Many forests. The bed of the river is permanent, as it passes among the bedrocks of sandstones and stony clays. For 70 km, it flows between the ridges of the Ulyanovsk, then the Penza region, the Sura in the low-water period has an average depth of 50-60 cm and a width of 3-4 m. a width of about 10-15 m, a depth of up to 1 m. The river is interrupted by rifts with a depth not exceeding 20 cm. Only at the confluence of the river. Teshnyar, and especially the forest Kadada, Sura becomes more full-flowing. Kadada and Uza are large right tributaries of the Sura. The mouth of the Ouse ends the upper section.
The middle section of the Sura River.
Below Usy, the valley emerges from bedrock and increases to 3–12 km. The floodplain acquires a uniform flat surface. Since the mid-70s, the section from the mouth of the Uza to the city of Penza has been flooded with the waters of the Penza reservoir, the dam has a height of 6 m. Behind the dam, a section of 50-60 km stands out against the background of the rest of the river with its extreme low water. This area is polluted by industrial and domestic wastewater from the city of Penza. Only after 100 km, to the mouth of the right tributary of the Aiva, does the Sura become relatively clear. Here it has a width of 50-60 m and a depth of 3-4 m in ravines. It flows in a well-defined valley from 3 to 5 km. Below the mouth of the Quince to the mouth of the next tributary of the Inza (the source is on the Surskaya Shishka Upland), and further to Sabaev (Mordovia), the Sura is heavily burrowed and has many rifts - pebble, sandy, rocky. In the region of the mouth of the Inza, the river comes close to the right, high bank of the valley. The current speed here reaches 1 m/s. Here rocky ridges come out into Sura. There are similar ridges near the city of Alatyr, above the city of Shumerlya, above the city of Yadrin.
At a distance of 200 km from Penza, in the area with. Big Berezniki the width of the river increases to 120 m, and the depth to 4-5 m. From the village. Surskoye to the city of Alatyr, the fairway of the river often changes, and the width in some places does not exceed 50 m. Baryshskaya Sloboda mouth of the river. The Barysh (right tributary, length 247 km) is the lower boundary of the middle section of the Sura. The length of this section from Uza to Barysh is 360 km.
The lower section of the Sura River.
Below the city of Alatyr, which stands 296 km from the mouth, the largest tributary, the Alatyr River (length 307 km), flows into the Sura on the left. From the city of Alatyr, the river becomes wider, freer, but the deep sections are still interrupted by shallow waters.
At 118 km from the mouth, another large tributary flows into the sura - the Pyana River.
In the lower reaches there have been strong changes associated with the construction of the Cheboksary reservoir. As a result of the backwater of the waters of the Sura by the waters of the reservoir, the Sursky Bay was formed, about 120 km long.
Features of the Sura River.
A characteristic feature of the Sura River is the extremely weak development of higher aquatic vegetation along the entire length of the river, with the exception of the section located between Lunino and Penza. In places, only small patches of sedge and arrowhead can be found. One of the reasons is the high turbidity of the water in the river. Among other reasons - the mobility of soils due to constant erosion both near the coast and on the midstream under the influence of high current velocities.
4. Hydrology.
The annual flow is 8.16 km3 per year (3 km3 less than 120 years ago). Water content in the middle reaches (village Kadyshevo, Karsunsky district, Ulyanovsk region) from 14.3 cubic meters. in sec. in winter low water, up to 1050 cubic meters. per second in the spring flood of water. Average water consumption (village Kadyshevo) 96.7 cubic meters. in sec.
The flow rates of the Sura are high for a flat river. This is due to the significant slope of the bed (12 cm / km (Volga - 7 cm / km)). In the upper section, the current velocity is on average 0.7 - 0.8 m / s. Between Quince and Inza, the current is 0.7 - 1.0 m / s, even a little higher on the riffles. Below Sabaev to Big Bereznyakov - 0.2 - 0.5 m / s. In the middle and lower reaches, the speed is from 0.1 to 0.5, on rifts up to 0.7 m/sec.
A feature of soils is their mobility. In the upper reaches, pure coarse-grained sands predominate (about 80% of the bottom area). Silty soils are found only in areas of calm water - below the spits, at the bottom of the pools, below the flowing tributaries.
In the middle reaches, soil silting intensifies, especially near the coast and at the bottom of the reaches. Along the core of the river, in addition to clean sandy soils, there are pebble-flake ones. Sometimes there are clay soils (Picherki, Sursky district).
In the lower reaches, the degree of silting is even more intensified. The layer of silt is especially large in the last 15 km from the mouth and at the mouth itself (up to 1 m).
Transparency. Under clear weather conditions and no rains in the middle reaches, the transparency is 20-30 cm (the Secchi disk (a white disk, serves to determine the transparency of water) is visible at a depth of 20-30 cm), less often 50-60 cm. After heavy rain showers, the transparency decreases to 0-5 cm.
Turbidity is 100-200 g/m3, during the spring flood up to 1500 g/m3, which characterizes the high erosive activity of modern Sura.
By chemical composition Sura waters belong to the hydrocarbonate class (nitrogen; phosphates; fluorides; copper; iron; mineral calc. dry residue; petroleum products; anionic surfactant).
The average date of opening (the beginning of the spring ice drift) near the r.p. Surskoye April 9-11, the average duration of the spring ice drift is 4 days. The average date of freezing (the beginning of freeze-up) is November 20. Autumn ice drift is an uncharacteristic phenomenon.
5. Literature.
1. Baranov A.A., Lobina N.V. total ed. Geographical local history, Ulyanovsk, "Promotion Technologies Corporation", 2002;
2. Barashkov V.F. In the footsteps of the geographical names of the Ulyanovsk region. Ulyanovsk, Simbirsk Book, 1994;
3. Bodrikova V.N. resp. ed. Agro-climatic resources Ulyanovsk region. Leningrad, Hydrometeorological Publishing House, 1968;
4. Blagoveshchensky V.V. resp. ed. specially protected natural areas Ulyanovsk region, Ulyanovsk, "Press House", 1997;
5. Gurkin V.A. New about the foundation of Simbirsk. - On Sat. – Man in the culture of Russia. Ulyanovsk, 1997, p. 64-66;
6. Domanitsky A. P., Dubrovina R. G., Isaeva A. I. Rivers and lakes Soviet Union(Reference data) / Ed. prof. A. A. Sokolova. - Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1971. - S. 38;
7. Dushin A.I., Buzakova A.M., Kamenev A.G. Fauna of the Sura River. Saransk, Mordovian book publishing house, 1983;
8. Kalyanov K.S., Vesnina G.Z. Geography of the Ulyanovsk region. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Publishing House, 1997;
9. Kleyankin A.V. Native Prisurye, Volga book publishing house, Ulyanovsk branch, 1974;
10. Kuzminsky N.A. Our native land. Volga book publishing house, Ulyanovsk branch, 1975;
11. Lobina N.V. resp. ed. Dictionary of geographical names of the Ulyanovsk region. Ulyanovsk, Promotion Technologies Corporation, 2004;
12. Materials of the Regional scientific-practical conference of educators "Local history in the system of general secondary education." Ulyanovsk, 1997.
13. Superansky M .. Simbirsk and its past, Ulyanovsk, "Laboratory of cultural studies", 1993;
14. Preobrazhensky R.A. Handwritten book about the village of Promzino, Promzino, 1913;
15. Sirotin K.F. Essays from the history of the Surye. R.p. Surskoe, 1976;
16. Tokmakov I .. Description of the village of Promzino-Gorodishche, Moscow, Vilde printing house, 1895;
The Sura River (Chuvash. Sar, Gornomar. Shur) is the right tributary of the river. Volga, length 828 km, basin area 67.5 thousand km². It originates on the Volga Upland and flows along it first to the west, then mainly to the north. It flows through the Ulyanovsk, Penza regions, Mari El, Mordovia, Chuvashia, Tatarstan.
The source of the Sura River was approved as a natural monument (PA) by the decision of the Ulyanovsk Regional Executive Committee No. 204 dated May 8, 1988. The Sura is the second largest river in the Ulyanovsk region. Its characteristic features are rushing current, winding channel, sandy spits and steep banks. All this can be seen in miniature and close to its source, where the river has flowed for a long time under the protection of the forest. It is known from archival materials that as early as the end of the last century, the Sura River originated near the village of Sursky Peaks (otherwise Big Surki), which then belonged to the Syzran district of the Simbirsk province (now it is the Baryshsky district of the Ulyanovsk region). The river then flowed from two springs, and then the stream flowed 500-600 meters through the land of this village in the direction from north to south and then entered the Timoshkinskaya forest dacha, along the eastern border of which flowed about 10 km. The main sources The Sura rivers in this dacha were the "Seven Springs" and the Karmola River, at the confluence of which the Sura acquired the character of a deep river.
Multiple studies of the sources of Sura since 1970 confirmed that indeed its source was in the southeastern outskirts of the village. Sursky Peaks, but now it is actually not there. This is explained by the fact that the forests around are heavily exterminated, and the remaining forests are severely thinned and have lost their water protection value. In the very log, where the springs were located, there used to be a lot of willows, willows grew, which were largely cut down. But, most importantly, a dam was created in the log and a reservoir appeared, as a result, all the springs turned out to be silted up. Later, the dam broke through, but even after that the situation changed little. The springs have only slightly broken through, and now only a weak, barely noticeable stream flows through the log, and in some places there are hollows with almost stagnant water, overgrown with duckweed. This cannot be considered the true source of the river. And only 1.5-2 km from the former source, where the forest begins, you can see a real forest river, hidden by thickets of willow, bird cherry, black currant, and large leaves of ostrich fern hang over the water. Water was measured here (E.A. Chasovnikova took part in studies on water consumption in the sources of rivers). It turned out to be equal to 10 liters per second. This site can now be considered the actual source of the Sura, which is in a relatively safe condition. Here, on the slopes of the watersheds and on the watersheds themselves, on Paleogene deposits rich in groundwater, good tall pine forests of green moss grow, which are of great water conservation importance. On the slopes in many places, springs break through, which feed the upper reaches of the Sura, and in one place a stream flows into the main channel, flowing from a forest swamp fed by underground waters. After that, the main channel becomes much wider. Everywhere the water in the upper reaches of the Sura is very clean.
However, the most important task should be considered the restoration of the original source of the Sura near the village. Sur Peaks. To do this, it is necessary to clear the silty springs and plant moisture-loving shrubs and trees around - various types of willows and black alder. It is also necessary to afforest the adjacent slopes of the watersheds, and on the watershed itself to create denser and more complex pine forests that could more effectively fulfill the role of water protection.
Coordinates: N53° 23.560" E46° 56.574"
The Sura is one of the most picturesque tributaries of the middle Volga. Flowing from the Surskaya cone - the highest part of the Volga Upland - to the south, the river then turns to the north and makes its way to the Volga along the hilly forest-steppe.
(Chuvash Sar, Mountain Mari Shur) - the right tributary of the Volga River, length 828 km, basin area 67.5 thousand km². It originates on the Volga Upland and flows along it first to the west, then mainly to the north. It flows through the Ulyanovsk, Penza regions, Mari El, Mordovia, Chuvashia, Tatarstan. The length within the Ulyanovsk region is about 150 km. It flows through the Baryshsky, Inzensky, Karsunsky, Sursky districts of the Ulyanovsk region. Within the same area, the river receives 10 tributaries (the largest is the Barysh River). Characteristics rivers - a swift current, a winding channel, sandy spits and steep banks. The width of the river in high water is more than 1 km, in low water - up to 100 m. The depth on the riffles is up to 1 m. Sterlet, crucian carp, silver bream, tench, etc. are found in the river. The initial source of the river was located on the southeastern outskirts of the village of Sursky Peaks (formerly Bolshie Surki) in the Baryshsky district, but due to the destruction of forests and the creation of a dam, all springs silted up. At present, Sura actually begins 1.5-2 km from the former source. Tall pine forests grow here, springs break through on the slopes in many places, which feed the upper reaches of the Sura. Used for industrial water supply. Food is mostly snowy. High water in April - May. It freezes in November - December, opens in late March - April.
The cities of Sursk, Penza, Alatyr, Yadrin, the village of Novaya Sloboda are located on the Sura, and Vasilsursk pier is at the mouth.
Left tributaries of the Sura
Alatyr, Imza, Drunk, Uza, Shuksha, Kutlya.
Right tributaries of the Sura
Algashka, Barysh, Abyss, Inza, Kumashka, Kirya.
Sailing along the Sura usually starts in Penza. You can start rafting even higher, from Inderka (Syuzyum station), but it is more difficult to get to the upper reaches of the Sura, and from the Pionerskaya platform (near Chaadaevka station) to Kanaevka, the banks of the Sura are quite densely populated (the railway passes next to the river), after Kanaevka for several tens of kilometers, the river is a reservoir from which Penza is supplied with water.
From the railway and road stations in Penza to the river bank about 1 km. After 2 km - a dam that requires a run-off (on the right bank). Here the width of the Sura is 30 - 40 m, the channel is sandy, up to Grabovo the river winds in a meadow floodplain, farther away. Then the valley narrows; especially beautiful is the mountainous right bank, overgrown mainly pine forest, which sometimes forms sandy-stony cliffs. The river retains this character for about 100 km (this is its most picturesque part, the Surskiye Zhiguli); There are no obstacles, the current is quite fast. You can end your journey at St. Sura of the Syzran - Ruzaevka - Moscow railway (where the right tributary of the Sura, the Inza River, flows 300 m from the station), since below such a convenient place for transferring to railway will not.
A few tens of kilometers more Sura is very beautiful, but in the area of B. Bereznikov the river valley expands, the banks go down, there are fewer forests, and from the village. Surskoye on the river begins local shipping.
The voyage ends on the left bank of the Sura, in the ancient Chuvash city of Alatyr. Here to the railway station (Road Ruzaevka - Kazan) about 2 km.
Coordinates: 53°01"24.6"N 45°22"59.1"E
