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Portable induction mine detector IMP-2 is designed for searching in the soil of various moisture content, in snow and in water for anti-tank and anti-personnel mines, other explosive objects with metal or plastic cases and containing metal parts. The mine detector can be used in various environments in peaceful and war time for reconnaissance of minefields, making passages in them and continuous demining of the area. In addition, if necessary, the IMP-2 can be used to search for other metal objects.
Compound:
The IMP-2 mine detector consists of:
Search element (rectangular shape in the form of a frame with 2 gaps)
Prefabricated three-knee bar
Amplifying block
Head phones
Assembly probe
Signal processing unit with connection cables (on/off toggle switch, sensitivity adjustment knob, male connector, cable connector.)
External power supply (connects to telescopic rods)
Carrying bags, for external power supply, soft case
Depth of detection depending on the size of the search object:
PTM - 50 cm
zone width:
detection area:
standing – 300 m2/h
lying down - 150 m2/h
lane width - up to 2 m (in reality - 1.7 m)
Total weight in working condition - no more than 2 kg.
in the package -8 kg
Power is supplied autonomously from batteries built into the device or accumulators of the R6 type (element 343 - 6 pieces) with a total voltage of 9 V.
The metal detector remains operational at temperatures environment from -50 C to +50 C.
The order of preparation for work.
Deploy the IMP-2 mine detector. Set the POWER toggle switch to the OFF position, the regulator knob to the left position (minimum sensitivity). Keep the mine detector sensor no closer than 0.5 m from the ground and no closer than 1 m from metal objects.
When the POWER switch is set to ON. there should be a sound signal of two to four tone sequences lasting 3-4 s (auto-compensation process), then short clicks with a frequency of 3 s; if there are no clicks, replace the power supplies.
Check the sensitivity as follows: 3-4 seconds after the auto-compensation process, bring the probe with its pointed end to the center of the sensor at a distance of 20-30 cm (several times) - there should be a detection signal.
Set the maximum sensitivity for a given type of soil in the surveyed area, for which set the regulator knob to the maximum right position, in which the proximity of the sensor to the ground until it touches does not lead to an audible signal.
During operation, the mine detector sensor moves to the right and left at a speed of 0.1-1 m / s parallel to the ground, at a distance of up to 5 cm from it. After each stroke, the sensor moves forward at a distance of up to 20 cm. The fact of detecting a mine is accompanied by an audible signal. The frequency of the signal is proportional to the size and mass of the metal parts of the mine and inversely proportional to the distance from the mine to the sensor of the search element.
To clarify the location of the discovered mine, you must: stop; raise the sensor so that the tone of the sound signal becomes lower; without changing the height, move the sensor and find its position where the signal tone will be maximum (the search object is under the center of the sensor).
The operation of the IMP mine detector is based on the principle of inductive (or induction) balance. The basis of the induction balance is several inductors, one transmitting and one or two receiving, forming an inductive sensor. All coils are placed in space in such a way that the signal from the transmitting coil, in the absence of metal objects nearby, would not be induced to the receiving ones (or induced, but the signal induced in one coil would be subtracted from the signal of the other coil), that is, the entire system would be balanced and the output would be zero. If now a metal object appears near the sensor, the balance will be disturbed and an error signal will appear at the output, which can be amplified. The principle of induction balance is described in more detail in the article History of metal detectors.
The IMP mine detector uses a cylindrical sensor containing three coils - a transmitting TX located in the center of the sensor, and two receiving RX (Fig. 1.). All coils are located in the same plane, both receiving coils are placed symmetrically with respect to the transmitting one. At that moment, when the current in the transmitting coil is directed clockwise, the currents in the receiving coils will be directed in the opposite direction. This is due to the fact that current pickups between the nearest parts of the turns of two adjacent coils will be stronger than between the more distant parts of the turns of the coils.
Rice. 1. Scheme of the location of the coils in the IMP mine detector sensor
In order to get a zero signal, the signals from the receiving coils should be applied to the adder, as shown in Figure 2. Here, both receiving coils are turned on in antiphase - the beginning of one coil and the end of the other are connected to a common wire, so antiphase signals are fed to the summing resistor , which are mutually compensated. At the slightest violation of the balance of the system, a mismatch signal appears on the adder, this signal is amplified by a resonant amplifier and fed to headphones.
Rice. 2. A simplified diagram of a metal detector, explaining the principle of induction balance.
AT real scheme IMP mine detector (Fig. 3.) uses a slightly different principle of residual signal compensation. Here, a transformer is used instead of a summing resistor, and a small part of the signal from the master oscillator is mixed into the residual signal. The magnitude and phase of the signal coming from the master oscillator can be adjusted by variable resistors so that this signal is equal in amplitude and opposite in phase to the residual signal, so that a zero signal is set at the system output.
Rice. 3. Simplified diagram of the IMP mine detector
This method allows you to compensate not only the imbalance of the coils, but also the pickup of the master oscillator on the input circuits of the amplifier.
Electronic circuit mine detector IMP
The operating frequency of the IMP mine detector is 1.5 kHz. Consumed current - no more than 28 mA. Supply voltage - from 5.0 to 6.2 V (4 elements 373). Time of continuous operation from one set of fresh batteries - 100 hours.
Figure 4 shows circuit diagram mine detector. It consists of an oscillator producing a frequency of 1.5 kHz, a compensation device and a resonant amplifier with an operating frequency of 1.5 kHz and a voltage gain of about 1000 times.
The generator is made according to a push-pull scheme on two transistors T1 and T2 of the MP15 type. The generator coil is partially included in the collector circuits of transistors. The inductance of the transmitting coil is 45 mH, the number of turns is 970 PEV-0.33 wires, the taps are made from about a quarter of the turns, counting from each side. Winding resistance - 13 Ohm. The coil has a steel core. The operating frequency of the generator depends on the inductance of this coil and the capacitance of the capacitor C1.
The receiving coils have an inductance of 400 mH, they contain 3500 turns of PEV-0.1 wire wound on a frame with a diameter of approximately 35 mm.
The use of a push-pull generator in the IMP mine detector circuit is due to several reasons - firstly, at the time when this mine detector was being developed, only transistors of the same structure were available - p-n-p. Secondly, to power the push-pull generator circuit on transistors of the same structure, a lower voltage will be required compared to other generator circuits.
The compensation circuit is made on resistors R1 - R8 and capacitors C1 and C2. Variable resistors R5, R8 carry out coarse adjustment of the amplitude and phase, and resistors R2, R7 - smooth.
An alternating voltage enters the compensation circuit from one of the generator coil taps.
Fig 4. Schematic diagram of the IMP mine detector:
PC - receiving coil - 400 mH; GK - generator coils - 45 mH each; T1, T2 - MP15; T3..T5 - MP13B;
R1, R3 - 39k; R2 - 22k; R4, R6 - 4.7 mΩ; R5 - 100k; R7, R8 - 47k; R9 - 3k; R10 - 6.2k; R11 - 2.2k; R12-240; R13 - 5.6k;
R14 - 4.3k; R15 - 10k; R16-120; R17, R18 - 8.2k; R19 - 4.3k; R20, R29 - 82; R21, R26 - 4.7k;
R22, R27 - 1k; R23-270; R24 - 2.7k; R25-39; R28-120;
C1 - 5.1pF; C2 - 27pF; C3,C4 - 3.3nF; C5 - 10nF; C6 - 25uF; C7,C9 - 680pF; C8,C10,C13 - 0.25uF; C12 - 3.3nF;
Tf - Headphones TA-56M
On transistors T3..T5 type MP13B, a resonant amplifier is made. The signal to its input comes from the secondary winding of the step-down transformer Tr, the transformation ratio of which is approximately 3:1. Since the input impedance of the first stage of the amplifier, made on the transistor T1, is relatively low, the use of a step-down transformer makes it possible to match the low-resistance input of the amplifier with the high output impedance of the receiving coils. Other stages are also coordinated - transformers with a transformation ratio of 1: 8 are used here, the primary windings of which are partially included in the collector circuits of transistors T4, T5. Such partial inclusion (1/4 of the turns is included) avoids the deterioration of the quality factor. Together with capacitors C7, C9, the primary windings of both transformers form resonant circuits tuned to a frequency of 1.5 kHz. Headphones TA-56M, included in the collector circuit of the transistor T5, together with the capacitor C12, form a resonant circuit tuned to the same frequency, which makes it possible to increase the sound volume in the headphones.
When the supply voltage is applied to the circuit, the master oscillator is started, and an alternating magnetic field is formed around the generator coil. This field is induced in both receiving coils, as a result of which an alternating current begins to flow in them. The receiving coils are connected in such a way that the currents flowing in them are mutually compensated and the system is balanced. Due to technical difficulties that do not allow to manufacture a search element with a perfectly correct mutual arrangement receiving coils and due to the spread of inductance values, there will always be some kind of residual signal in the oppositely connected coils. To suppress it, a compensation scheme is applied.
If there are no metal objects near the mine detector sensor and the residual signal is suppressed by the compensation system, then there will be no signal at the input of the resonant amplifier. If now a metal object appears near the search sensor, then due to the perturbation magnetic field the system will be unbalanced, and a signal will appear at the input of the amplifier, which can be heard in the headphones.
When installing a mine detector, the search element must be located at a distance of 1 m from the soil, and within a radius of 1-1.5 m there should not be any metal objects and mine detectors working nearby would not be closer than 6 m.
By turning both knobs of the compensator, one by one achieves a gradual decrease in the volume of the control background, which is heard in phones, and then its complete disappearance. At the same time, only a weak sound of a higher frequency than the main control one can be heard in the telephones of the masses.
To check, you need to bring the search element to a metal object. If the main background sound with increased volume appears in the phones, the mine detector is set up correctly, and if the sound in the phones is weak at first, and then its volume starts to grow, the mine detector settings are incorrect.
When setting 1MP, you should achieve the lowest volume of the control sound in phones.
With the help of a mine detector, IMPs detect:
Anti-tank mines with metal cases, installed in the ground at a depth of up to 40 cm, in water - up to 1.2 m;
Mines with wooden, fabric and plastic cases and metal fuses are found in the soil at a depth of up to 12 cm;
Anti-personnel high-explosive mines with metal fuses - up to 8 cm.
When searching for mines with a mine detector, the search element is continuously and smoothly mixed in a horizontal plane parallel to the ground at a height of 5-7 cm in a strip 1.5 m wide (in the "standing" position and up to 1 m (in the "lying" position).
In the case of a search element over a mine (metal object), changes in the tone of the sound are heard in the headphones (it rises). In this case, the soldier must stop, clarify the place, nature and position of the found object using a probe.
Rice. 39. Search for mines with a mine detector IMP:
a- IMP mine detector; b- search for mines in the "standing" position; in- search for mines in the "lying" position; 1 - rod; 2 - search element; 3 - main telephone; 4 - gain block
Sets of means of reconnaissance and demining KR-I, KR-V designed to detect, mark and remove With installation sites for anti-tank, anti-personnel mines and booby traps.
Table 17
Composition of demining kits KR-I and KR-0
Assembly probe designed to search for mines installed in the ground at a depth of 10-15 cm, which are used in reconnaissance of mine-explosive obstacles, making passages in them and during continuous demining of the area.
The prefabricated probe consists of a steel pointed tip 310 mm long, 5 mm in diameter and a handle, which is assembled from three separate links. Probes can be made in the army in the form of a handle and a metal tip attached to it with a diameter of 5-7 mm. To search for mines in the "standing" position, probes are made 1.5-2 m long, and to search for mines in the "lying" position - 0.8 m.
When working in the "standing" position, the probe is held at an angle of 20-45 ° to the ground surface, and they gently pierce the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm every 10-20 cm. When working in the "lying" position, the probe is held almost parallel to the ground surface.
If the probe touches a solid object in the event of a ground puncture, then its contour is clarified with additional punctures. If a mine is found, its location is indicated by a flag or other sign.
Four-legged cat with a rope 30 m long is used to remove identified mines from the installation site, to destroy tension mines, as well as to move mined objects from their place.
Rice. 40. Four-legged cat
1 - cord; 2 - paws, consisting
The cat has a rod, four folding legs and a shaped nut to secure the legs in the folded position. A ring for tying a rope is attached to the cat's rod. The weight of the cat is 580 g.
To remove the mine from the place of installation, it is grabbed by the cat by the most convenient and safe part (for example, the handle of the mine) and carefully from the shelter or "lying" position at a distance of at least 30 m from the mine is moved from the place of installation.
For reconnaissance or destruction of anti-personnel mines of tension action, the cat is taken in the hand so that the paws (claws) are pressed against the rod, but the shaped nut is released and does not hold them. After the cat is thrown, the paws open freely and, in the case of pulling it up with a rope, they hook on the stretched wire min. The presence of mines is determined by their explosions.
black and white ribbon made of cotton fabric with a length of 100 m is designed to mark the passage to minefields. Tape width 43 mm. The black and white sections of the tape are each 0.5 m long. In addition, every 5 m, the tape has marks 5, 10, 15, 20, etc., according to the distance in meters from the beginning of the tape.
The tape is wound on a special reel and carried in a tarpaulin case. During operation, the spool of tape is attached to the sapper's waist belt, and the free end of the tape is fixed to the ground with a wire pin. The tape is unwound from the reel as the sapper moves.
Checkboxes designed to indicate discovered mines.
Flags are metal (plastic), triangular in shape, red in color, with a white convex letter "M".
The metal rods of the flags have two brackets for building them up if they are installed in high vegetation. Flags are carried in tarpaulin covers of 10 pcs. in everyone.
Wire shears used when making passages in wire fences.
To work out the passage manually, departments are appointed with search tools, equipment for neutralizing (destroying) mines and marking the passage.
Rice. 41. Working out a passage in a minefield by a squad that is equipped with mine detectors (dimensions in mm)
1-6 - numbers of calculation with mine detectors; 7 - squad leader; 8 - black and white ribbon; 9 - one-way sign to mark the passage
Anti-personnel weapons can be placed in anti-tank minefields. fragmentation mines with stretch marks. For their trawling / and 6 the rooms have a cat with a rope 30 meters long. Only after sweeping anti-personnel mines in the zone of the intended passage to a depth of 10-15 meters, the calculation begins to search for anti-tank mines. The operation is repeated until the end of the passage through the entire depth of the minefield.
The department is deployed by speaking to the left or right. The first number, maintaining the marked direction along the intended reference point (azimuth), moves forward, searches for mines with a mine detector and marks the left (right) border of the passage with a black and white tape.
By performing to the right (left) of the 1st number at a distance of 10-15 meters from each other, other numbers advance. They are guided by the ends of a black and white ribbon (15 m long) attached to the waist belt of each number. The last, 6th number, to indicate the right (left) border of the passage, entails a black and white tape, which is unwound from the reel. The first number, having completed the search, remains to guard the passage; The 2nd and 3rd numbers return to the starting line, guided by a black and white ribbon stretched by the 1st number, take signs and mark the borders of the passage with them: the 2nd - on the left, the 3rd - on the right.
Equipped with mine detectors and probes The department is divided into three calculations, two rooms each.
Rice. 42. Working out a passage in a minefield by a squad that has mine detectors and probes (dimensions in m):
1 - numbers of calculation on probes, 2 - numbers of calculations with mine detectors; FROM- part-commander; 4 - black and white tape; 5 - one-way sign to mark the passage
In the event of entering the minefield, the 1st calculation, maintaining a given direction, searches for mines in a strip 2.5-3 m wide (the first numbers with probes, the others with mine detectors). Each number of the 1st calculation entails a 15 m long black and white ribbon attached to the waist belt. The first number of the 2nd calculation and the 2nd number of the 3rd calculation attract black and white ribbons, unwind from reels, with these ribbons marking the boundaries of the passage.
Anti-personnel fragmentation mines with trip wires can be placed in anti-tank minefields. For their trawling, two people with cats are appointed. Only after sweeping anti-personnel mines in the zone of the intended passage to a depth of 15-20 m, the crews begin to search for anti-tank mines. The operations are repeated until the end of the passage through the entire depth of the minefield.
Detected mines are either removed and removed outside the passage, or marked for the purpose of their subsequent collection by cats or destruction on the spot with overhead charges.
Passages in minefields in front of the forward edge are marked with one-sided signs, they must be sufficiently visible from the side of our troops and imperceptible from the side of the enemy.
Rice. 43. Designation of passages one-sided with light signals (dimensions in cm):
1 - light signal; 2 - one-sided sign (30 * 30 cm); 3 - pass
To ensure the passage of troops through the aisles, a commandant's service is organized.
Passages are marked with signs with the same numbers as the paths that approach them. For every three to six passages, a commandant is appointed.
The commandant performs the following actions in advance:
Establishes communication with the commanders of units and subunits, for the need for which passages have been made
Sets up curfews;
Sets a task for senior posts;
Organizes and controls their activities;
Distributes funds for the distribution of passages, their designation and closing.
Rice. 44. Scheme of commandant service on the aisles:
1-12 - regulators, 13-14 - department commanders, 15 - platoon commander; 16- signs to mark passages; 11 - signs to indicate the exit paths to the aisles
Each pass is assigned curfew consisting of 2-3 people. The senior post organizes the regulation of the movement of troops along the aisle, placing regulators at the beginning and end of the aisle, meets the subunits, approaches the aisle and ensures their passage.
Commandant's posts are provided with signal means for traffic control.
The organization of the commandant's service on the aisles is usually entrusted to the units of the engineering troops.
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
PART I. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
1. PURPOSE
Semiconductor induction mine detector for individual use IMP is designed to search for anti-tank and anti-personnel mines installed in the ground (snow), the bodies or fuses of which are made of metal.
The mine detector allows you to detect mines installed in the bush, grass and fords.
2. TECHNICAL DATA
1. Depth of detection by a mine detector of mines installed in the ground (snow), cm, not less than:
a) anti-tank mine TM-46 ...... 40
b) anti-tank mine TMD-B ..... 12
c) anti-personnel mine PMD-6 with a metal fuse MUV ........ 8
2. The width of the mine search zone with a mine detector, cm:
a) for mines TM-46, not less ...... 30
b) for TMD-B mines ........ 20 ± 5
c) for mines PMD-6 ........ 20 ± 5
3. The mine detector allows you to search for mines in the water with the immersion of the search element to a depth, m .. up to 1
4. Residual voltage level, mV, no more than .. 80
5. Stable operation of the mine detector without adjustment, min., not less than 10
6. Distance between two working mine detectors, m, not less than ......... 7
7. Current sources - elements 373 GOST 12333-74 with a total voltage of 5.0 to 6.2 V, pcs. ... four
8. Period of continuous operation with one set of current sources, h, not less than....... 100
9. Operating temperature range, K from 243 to 323
10. The total weight of the mine detector, kg, no more ... 6.6
11. Weight of the search engine, kg, no more.... 2.4
3. COMPOSITION OF THE PRODUCT
The composition of the mine detector includes the following main elements and components:
1. Search element..... ... 1 pc.
2. Amplifying block.... 1 pc.
3. Rod (three knees) 1 pc.
4. Phones head ... 1 pc.
5. Bag..... 1 piece
6. Stacking case......... 1 pc.
7. Belt....... 1 piece
8. Setting equivalent.... . 1 PC.
9. Screwdriver ...... pcs.
10. Grinding skin (10 cm 2). 1 PC.
11. Technical description and instruction manual 1 copy.
12. Form ............... 1 copy.
Elements 373 GOST 12333-74 are not supplied by the factory.
Rice. 1. Composition of the product
1 - search element; 2 - amplifying block; 3 - barbell (three knees); 4 - head phones; 5 - bag; 6 - stowage case; 7 - belt; 8 - setting equivalent; 9 - screwdriver.
4. DESIGN AND OPERATION OF THE PRODUCT
In the search element of the mine detector, two receiving and one generator coils are placed. The receiving coils are located in the electromagnetic field of the generator coil so that the total e. d.s. induced in them is approximately equal to zero.
To compensate for the unbalance voltage of the receiving coils from changes in temperature and the nature of the environment, a phase-amplitude compensator is used.
A change in the connection between the transmitter and receiver coils of the search element when metal objects are introduced into the field of the transmitter coil causes an unbalance signal, which is amplified by the amplifier and heard in telephones.
5. DEVICE OF COMPONENT PARTS OF THE PRODUCT
5.1. search element
The search element is a frame, in the grooves of which the generator and two receiving coils are installed. At one end of the frame there is a generator loop capacitor.
ATTENTION! Protect the search element from shock.
Search element frame fig. 2 is placed in casing 6, which protects it from mechanical damage. The casing consists of two parts, glued in the middle, and is closed with a union nut 3. A seal is installed under the union nut between the casing and the frame.
The threaded part of the union nut is coated with moisture-resistant grease.
The connection of the search element with the amplifying unit is carried out by cable 2 with the insertion of the ShR connector.
The search element is connected to the holder 4 by means of a clamp 5 enclosing the casing.
To eliminate the influence of the rod metal on the search element, the holder is made of textolite.
Rice. 2. Search element
1 - connector insert ШР20; 2 - cable; 3 - nut; 4 - holder; 5 - clamp; 6 - casing.
The location of the clamp on the casing is strictly fixed, which corresponds to the least influence of the metal parts of the rod on the operation of the search system.
ATTENTION! Install the frame of the search element into the casing with the mark towards the holder.
ATTENTION! Disassembly of the search element in the field is unacceptable.
5.2. Amplifying block
Reinforcing block fig. 3 consists of two parts: a duralumin base 10 with a top cover 3 and a steel box 11 with a hinged bottom cover 15.
A board 16 is installed on the base, on which elements of the generator and amplifier, and potentiometers of the phase-amplitude compensator 9 are mounted, there is a compartment for current sources.
On the top cover 3 are placed:
Connector block ШР 20 for connecting the cable of the search element with the amplifying unit;
Cap 5, which is screwed onto the Shr 20 connector block in the non-working state and serves to protect the connector parts from damage, contamination and moisture ingress;
Telephone jacks 6, into which the telephone plug is inserted during operation;
Toggle switch 7 for turning on and off current sources;
Two knobs 8 of the compensator, which serve to fine-tune the mine detector.
The axes of two coarse-tuning potentiometers of the phase-amplitude compensator 9 are brought out through the cover 3 under the slot.
The base is fixed to the box with the help of two screws 4. Carabiners 12 are installed on the side walls of the box, which serve to fasten the shoulder strap when working with a mine detector without a canvas bag.
The box has a hinged bottom cover 15 connected to it by means of a hinge and a lock 13. The bottom cover is designed for access to the power source compartment and for connecting 14 power sources to each other using a contact spring.
Rice. 3. Amplifying block
1 - compartment of current sources; 2 - sealant; 3 - top cover; 4 - screw; 5 - cap; 6 - nest; 7 - toggle switch; 8 - handle; 9 - phase-amplitude compensator; 10 - base; 11 - box; 12 - carbine; 13 - lock; 14 - spring; 15 - bottom cover; 16 - board.
A rubber seal 2 is installed between the top cover and the base. A seal is also installed on the bottom cover. For ease of use, the amplifying unit is placed in a canvas bag.
5.3. Barbell
For ease of transportation and the ability of the sapper to work in the "lying" or "standing" position, the rod is collapsible and consists of three knees made of duralumin pipes. The articulation of the knees of the rod between themselves and with the holder of the search element is threaded.
Rice. 4. Rod
5.4. Case laying
The stowage case is made of duralumin and is designed to accommodate all mine detector components during transportation and carrying. The lid is hinged to the case and closed with two tension locks. Brackets are installed inside the stacking case to secure the mine detector assemblies.
Rice. 5. Stacking case
The stowage case is adapted for carrying in hands and behind the back.
PART II. USER MANUAL
The IMP mine detector during operation is serviced by one person.
1. DEPLOYING THE MINE DETECTOR TO WORK IN THE "STANDING" POSITION
To assemble the mine detector, you must do the following:
Open the lid of the packing case;
Remove from the packing case: phone, canvas bag, search element with a holder, amplifying unit, three rod elbows;
Close the lid of the stacking case;
Assemble the rod knees, screw them to the search element holder;
Loosen the swivel of the search element clamp with the holder, for which turn the nut counterclockwise;
Set the required angle of inclination of the rod relative to the search element and tighten the nut to the full;
Insert the cable into the grooves of the clamps on the rod;
Install current sources;
Put the amplifying unit in a canvas bag;
Put a canvas bag on your right shoulder, while the connecting cable should be behind your back, adjust the length of the belt, connect the cable to the amplifying unit;
Put on phones and connect them with a plug to an amplifying unit;
Set the toggle switch to the "ON" position;
Set up the mine detector and check its performance with the equivalent of the setting.
2. DEPLOYING THE MINE DETECTOR TO WORK IN THE "LYING" POSITION
The procedure for assembling a mine detector for working in the "lying" position is the same as for assembling a mine detector for working in the "standing" position.
Assembly features:
the search element and the holder are fixed parallel to each other, the canvas bag is fixed on the waist belt; a rod elbow with a plug is attached to the holder.
Rice. 6. General form IMP device for work in the "standing" position
3. ROLLING THE MINO DETECTOR
After working with a mine detector, you must:
Set the toggle switch to the "OFF" position;
Disconnect the cable connector insert and telephone plug from the amplifying unit;
Remove phones;
Wrap the cap on the connector block;
Disconnect the cable from the rod;
Disassemble the bar;
Loosen the nut and turn the holder to its original position parallel to the search element; remove the amplifying unit from the canvas bag; - extract current sources;
Clean the elements of the mine detector from dust, dirt and moisture and put it in a packing case; - close the cover of the stacking case.
Rice. Fig. 7. General view of the IMP device for working in the "lying" position
ATTENTION! Turning the holder without first loosening the nut leads to breakage of the parts connecting the search element with the holder.
4. INSTALLATION OF POWER SOURCES
Install current sources in the following sequence:
Open the bottom cover of the amplifying unit;
Install the current sources in the compartment according to the diagram indicated on the bottom cover of the unit.
Close the bottom cover of the unit.
ATTENTION! If the current sources are installed incorrectly, the mine detector will not work.
After completion of work, remove the power sources and store separately.
5. MINO DETECTOR SETUP
After installing the current sources and assembling the mine detector, configure it, for which: take the mine detector into right hand and, holding it above the ground at a height of 10 to 12 cm, with your left hand alternately slowly rotate the knobs of the compensator of the amplifying unit until the fundamental tone disappears in the telephones.
In this case, only a weak control tone of a higher frequency or noise should be heard in the phones.
Check the operation of the mine detector by approaching the search element of the equivalent setting at a distance of 10 cm. In this case, the sound of the main frequency should appear in the phones.
With temperature differences from 243 to 323 K, compensation may be lost. In this case it is necessary:
set the axes of the fine adjustment potentiometers to the middle position and compensate using the coarse adjustment potentiometers.
ATTENTION! When setting up a mine detector, the search element must be positioned so that there are no metal objects within a radius of one and a half meters from it.
6. ORDER OF WORK WITH THE MINO DETECTOR
Holding the search element by the bar and continuously moving it in front of you to the right and left, move forward in a given direction. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the search element moves parallel to the ground surface at a distance of 5 to 7 cm from it. When moving along the reconnaissance strip, the sapper must move the search element forward no more than half of its length, while it is necessary to carefully ensure that the entire area of the reconnaissance area is examined by the mine detector.
Having heard a signal on the phones (the appearance of a fundamental tone), the sapper must stop and clarify the location of the mine.
Depending on the task, he must either start extracting the mine, or designate its location.
To determine the location of the mine, the search element must be carefully moved forward, where the appearance of the signal was recorded, until it is received in the phones
minimum sound. If, with a further slight movement of the search element forward or backward, the signal in the phones increases, then the mine is located under the center of the search element. If, when moving the search element forward, the signal in the phones does not increase, then it is necessary, by moving the search element back, to locate the mine using the same method.
The mine is located under the center of the search element only if, when moving it forward or backward, the signal in the phones increases.
As necessary, the mine detector should be adjusted, achieving the minimum volume of the main tone.
It should be remembered that the sensitivity of the mine detector is determined by the thoroughness of its settings.
In all other respects, strictly follow the requirements of the instructions for safety measures when clearing the area.
ATTENTION! Small metal masses (fuzes) can cause a weak signal, so when searching, the sapper must pay attention Special attention to detect these signals.
Features of the operation of the mine detector when searching
on the fords
When clearing fords, the mine detector is assembled to work in the "standing" position.
The length of the strap of the bag with the reinforcement block must be adjusted so that the bag does not touch the water.
The assembled mine detector is adjusted in the usual manner on land, and then, when the search element is lowered into the water to a depth of 1 m, the mine detector is adjusted.
When setting up a mine detector in water, the search element must be removed from the ground at a distance of 10 to 20 cm.
ATTENTION! Before lowering the search element into the water, it is necessary to completely tighten the cap nut to prevent water from entering.
7. GENERAL MALFUNCTIONS AND THEIR REMEDIES
| Item No. | Typical malfunction | Probable Cause | Elimination Methods |
| 1 | The phones are listening to rustles and cods. | Bad contacts at the junction of current sources. Bad contact in the plug. |
Check connections and clean contacts. Check or wipe the plug contacts. |
| 2 | When the toggle switch is turned on, the mine detector does not work (no sound on phones). |
Current sources are not connected correctly. The voltage of current sources is less than 5.0 V. Break in the telephone circuit. |
Check that the current sources are switched on correctly. Change power sources. Change phones. Check the telephone circuit with an ohmmeter, in the place of the break - solder. |
| 3 | When tapping on the amplifying unit, the sound in the phones disappears. | Bad contacts in places of rations. | Check the condition of the rations and troubleshoot. |
| 4 | Lack of compensation limits. | The axes of the coarse adjustment potentiometers have turned. A sharp change in climatic conditions. |
Set the axes of the fine adjustment potentiometers to the middle position and compensate using the coarse adjustment potentiometers. |
Unpainted places, scratches and nicks should be painted or smeared with a thin layer of CIATIM-201 lubricant;
Place the mine detector in the stowage case.
The depreservation of the mine detector should be carried out in the following order:
Remove the mine detector from the stowage case; - remove old grease from the outer lubricated surfaces of the mine detector;
Assemble the mine detector.
10. STORAGE RULES
Before putting mine detectors into storage, power sources must be removed and stored separately.
Mine detectors in the field should be stored in stowage cases, which should be covered or located indoors to prevent dust, dirt or water from entering the cases.
During long breaks in operation (up to 6 months), mine detectors should be stored in dry rooms
on racks in stacking cases.
The ambient temperature must be at least 283 K, relative humidity no more than 70%.
Storage of a mine detector for more than 6 months must be carried out in accordance with the "Guidelines for the storage of engineering equipment and equipment" edition of 1963.
11. TRANSPORTATION
Transportation of mine detectors during operation can be carried out manually or by any type of vehicles (on ships, aircraft, cars, railway and etc.).
To transport a mine detector using a shoulder strap, you must:
fasten the shoulder strap to the carabiners of the packing case, put the straps on the shoulders.
Transportation of mine detectors vehicles carried out in packing cases.
ATTENTION! Transportation of mine detectors should be carried out only with the current sources removed.
APPENDIX
Data table of winding products of the "IMP" device
| Transformer number according to the drawing. Designation on the circuit diagram. |
Circuit diagram | Core | Winding | Pin designation (beginning-end) |
Electrical parameters | Note | ||||
| iron type | Sectional area, mm 2 | Winding number | Wire brand and diameter, mm | Number of turns | Winding resistance at 293K, Ohm | Winding inductance, mH | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Tr1 RB5.731.097 |
 |
Alloy 79NM W6.3x9 |
56,7 | I II |
PEV-1-0.06 PEV-1-0.06 |
3700 1400 |
2-3 5-4 |
980±15% 450±15% |
At least 2400 At least 320 |
|
| Tr2, Tr3 RB5.731.098 |
 |
Alloy 79NM W6.3x9 |
56,7 | I II |
PEV-1-0.06 PEV-1-0.06 |
1000 3000 500 |
2-6 6-3 4-5 |
1100±15% 155±15% |
1900-2500 At least 50 |
|
| Generator coil L2 RB5.689.013 |
Steel E-330 | PEV-2-0.33 PEV-2-0.33 PEV-2-0.33 PEV-2-0.33 PEV-2-0.33 PEV-2-0.33 |
238 237 237 218 20 20 |
1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 |
13±10 | 45±10 | Resistance and inductance values measured between terminals 1-6 | |||
| Receiving coils L1, L3 RB5.764.014 |
PEV-2-0.1 | 3500 | N-K | 1400±10 | 400±10 | |||||
Note. The inductance is measured at a frequency of 1000 Hz at a voltage of 0.5 V.
Schematic diagram of the IMP mine detector
Rice. eight.
DEVICE IMP. BASIC ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM RB2.471.003 SkhE
1. The gains of transistors T1 and T2 should not differ by more than 10%.
2. Capacitors C7 * and C10 *, cores E1 and E2 are installed if necessary.
3. In positions C5 and C14, it is allowed to use capacitors K53-1-6-22 ± 30% and K53-1-15-15 ± 30%, respectively. OZHO. 464.023TU
4. OMLT resistors according to OZHO.467.107TU.
* Selected during regulation.
Rice. 9.
Search element without casing
Rice. ten.
Amplifying block with the casing removed.
Rice. eleven.
Rear view of the amplifier block.
| Pos. designation |
Name | Qty. | Note |
| R1* | Resistor OMLT-0.25-82 Ohm±10% | 1 | 39; 56 ohm |
| R2 | 1 | ||
| R3 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-1kΩ ± 10% | 1 | |
| R4* | Resistor OMLT-0.25-39 Ohm±10% | 1 | 56;82 ohm |
| R5 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-4.7 kOhm ± 10% | 1 | |
| R6 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-1kOhm±10% | 1 | |
| R7* | Resistor OMLT-0.25-82 Ohm±10% | 1 | 39; 56 ohm |
| R8 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-39kOhm ± 10% | 1 | |
| R9 | Resistor 11SP-1-1-A-22kΩ ± 20% OS-5-32 OZH0.468.084 TU | 1 | |
| R10 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-39kΩ±10% | 1 | |
| R11 | Resistor OMLT-0.5-4.7MOhm±10% | 1 | |
| R12 | Resistor 11SP-1-1-A-100kΩ ± 20% OS-3-60 OZHO.468.084. THAT | 1 | |
| R13* | Resistor OMLT-0.5-4.7MΩ ± 10% | 1 | 1.5 MΩ |
| R14 | Resistor 11SP-1-1-A-47kΩ±20% OS-5-32 OZHO.463.084 TU | 1 | |
| R15 | Resistor PSP-1-1-A-47kΩ±20% OS-3-60 OZHO.463.084 TU | 1 | |
| R16 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-3kΩ ± 5% | 1 | |
| R17 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-6.2 kOhm ± 5% | 1 | |
| R18 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-240 Ohm±5% | 1 | |
| R19 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-5.6 kOhm ± 10% | 1 | |
| R20 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-2.2 kOhm ± 10% | 1 | |
| R21 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-4.3 kOhm ± 5% | 1 | |
| R22 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-10kΩ ± 10% | 1 | |
| R23* | Resistor OMLT-0.25-120 Ohm±10% | 1 | 270; 390 ohm |
| R24; R25 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-8.2 kOhm ± 10% | 2 | |
| R26 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-4.3 kOhm ± 5% | 1 | |
| R27* | Resistor OMLT-0.25-270 Ohm ± 10% | 1 | 100; 150; 390; 470 ohm |
| R28 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-2.7kΩ ± 10% | 1 | |
| R29 | Resistor OMLT-0.25-120 Ohm ± 10% | 1 | |
| C1* | 1 | Select. 0.25uF | |
| C2 | Capacitor KD-1-M75-5.1pF ±10%-3 OZHO.460.154 TU | 1 | |
| C3 | Capacitor KD-1-M700-27pF ± 10%-3 OZHO.460.154 TU | 1 | |
| C4 | Capacitor BM-2-200V-0.01 µF ± 10% OZHO.460.154 TU | 1 | |
| C5 | Capacitor K-53-4-6-22±30% OZHO.464.037 TU | 1 | |
| C6* | Capacitor BM-2-200V-4700pF ± 10% OZHO.462.047 TU | 1 | 3300;5100pF |
| C7* | 1 | 1000pF | |
| C8 | Condenser MBM-160-0.25-11 OZHO.462.032 TU | 1 | |
| C9* | Capacitor BM-2-200V 4700pF±10% OZHO.462.047 TU | 1 | 3300; 5100pF |
| C10* | Capacitor BM-2-300V-680pF ± 10% OZHO.462.047 TU | 1 | 1000pF |
| C11 | Capacitor MBM-160-0.25-11 OZHO.462.032 TU | 1 | |
| C12 | Capacitor BM-2-200V-3300pF ± 10% OZHO.462.047 TU | 1 | |
| C13 | Capacitor MB M-160-0.25-11 OZHO.462.032 TU | 1 | |
| C14 | Capacitor К53-4-15-15±30% О Zh0.464.037 TU | 1 | |
| L1 | RB5.764.014 Receiving coil | 1 | |
| L2 | RB5.689.013Sp Generator coil | 1 | |
| L3 | RB5.764.014 Receiving coil | 1 | |
| B | Element 373 GOST 12333-74 | 4 | |
| AT | Toggle switch TV2-1 USO.360.049 TU | 1 | |
| Gn1; Gn2 | RB7.746.005 Telephone socket | 2 | |
| T1; T2 | Transistor MP15 SBO.336.007TU1 | 2 | |
| T3...T5 | Transistor MP13B SBO.336.007TU1 | 3 | |
| Tp1 | RB5.731.097Sp Input transformer | 1 | |
| Tr2; Tr3 | RB5.731.098SP Matching transformer | 2 | |
| tf | Headphones TA-56M RL3.844.020Sp RLO.384.004 TU | 1 | |
| Ш1 | Insert ShR 20U5NSh 10 GEO.364.107 TU | 1 | |
| SH2 | Shoe ShR 20 P5 ESH 10 GEO.364.107 TU | 1 | |
| E1 | РБ7.773.001 Core | 1 | |
| E2 | Core MP-20-2 RM9x1.0x19 OZHO.707.115 TU | 1 |
Table with ratings of electronic components used in the IMP mine detector circuit
TOPIC:Funds engineering intelligence and clearance
TIME: 2 hours
LOCATION:__________________________________________
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. To give an understanding of the means of engineering reconnaissance and demining
2. Teach personnel order of deployment and work with engineering reconnaissance means.
LEARNING QUESTIONS:
4. MMP mine detector. Purpose, performance characteristics, composition, procedure for working with a mine detector.
Lesson progress:
INTRODUCTION-5min
According to estimates, from 5 to 10 million mines are produced annually in the world. To date, approximately 110 million of them have been installed in 64 countries and remain in combat position. Up to 10 million mines have been installed in Afghanistan alone. About 2 million of them are installed on the territory of Bosnia, and taking into account the territory of Croatia and Serbia, this number increases to 3.7 million. According to the International Red Cross, in Mozambique, all major roads pose a danger to movement, since 2 million mines were planted on them during the 18-year civil war.
According to a UN report, 26,000 people are killed by mines worldwide every year and approximately the same number are injured. The victims are mostly civilians, up to half of whom are children.
Demining is a very slow and labor intensive process. The removal of an anti-personnel mine, which costs US$3 to produce, costs US$300-1000. During the year, no more than 200-300 thousand mines are removed all over the world, and more than a million new mines are re-installed. On average, every 5,000 mines are cleared, 1 sapper is killed and 2 are injured. Even assuming that no mines are laid, the cost of complete demining in all countries would be $33 billion and would take 500 years to complete at the current pace of work.
The experience of military operations in Afghanistan and Chechnya shows that the success of the tasks of searching for mines and land mines, as well as weapons depots, fully depends on whether there are specialists in the engineering troops unit who have studied the unmasking signs of search objects to the subtlety and skillfully use reconnaissance equipment. . So, for example, while providing combat operations in the green zone of the province of Parvan in February 1984, the composition of the search group using the IMB finder discovered a warehouse with weapons and ammunition at a depth of 2 m. The warehouse was discovered by junior sergeant R. Kumurzin, who was fluent in this device. On the territory of Chechnya, as of September 05, 1996, the forces of units and subunits of the engineering troops completed the following volumes of tasks:
1. Explored and demined:
- terrain - 54 thousand hectares,
- buildings and structures - 1060 thousand hectares,
including residential buildings - 317,
schools - 47,
hospitals - 32,
kindergartens - 10,
objects - 793,
lines of power lines - 780 km,
roads - 775 km.
2. In total, 470,000 explosive objects were discovered and destroyed. Including:
- engineering mines - 11600,
- artillery shells - 99200,
Mortar mines - 75400,
ATGM-1280,
Pomegranate - 86560,
Air bombs - 195,
Other VOP-195925.
I.MINO DETECTOR IMP. PURPOSE, performance characteristics, COMPOSITION, ORDER OF WORK - 25 min
Mine detector IMP.
Semiconductor induction mine detector (IMP) is used to search for metal objects in the ground.
Principle of operation
The search element contains two receiving coils and one transmitter coil. The generator coil radiates electromagnetic waves received by the receiving coils - the total EMF in them is zero. When metal objects are brought into the field, waves are reflected from them - an unbalance signal appears, which is heard in phones.
| Detection depth not less than (cm): - PTM PPM | ……………………80 ……………………...8 |
| Search width, zone (cm): - PTM PPM | …………………….30 …………………….20 |
| Power supply (E 373) (pcs) | ……………………4 |
| Time of continuous work (hour) | …………………100 |
| Search engine weight (kg) | ……………………2.4 |
| Mine detector weight (kg) | ……………………6.6 |
Rice. oneMine detector IMP.1-head phones; 2-amplifying unit; 3-search element; 4-bar.
Operating procedure
1. Assemble a bar from aluminum knees;
2. Connect to the amplifying block of the headphone plug and the connecting cable of the search element;
3. Put on phones, while one of the shells should not cover the ear in order to listen to orders;
4. Move the toggle switch to the "ON" position and check the operability (squeak, setting the tone and sensitivity);
5. Continuously moving right and left in front of you, move forward, holding the element 5 - 7 centimeters from the ground.
As the signal increases, there is more metal.
Product PR - 507 is designed to search and detect metal and metal-containing objects in the ground, water and snow.
II.MINO DETECTOR IMP-2. PURPOSE, performance characteristics, COMPOSITION, ORDER OF WORK - 25 min
Mine detector IMP - 2
Main performance characteristics
| Detection depth in the ground, not more than (cm): type TM - 62M Type PMN - 2 | |
| Minimum distance between two mine detectors (m)... | |
| Power supply (8РЦ83) (pcs)…………………………………. | |
| Time of continuous operation (hour)………………………………... | |
| Weight of products in a packing case (kg)…………………….. |
Rice. 2.Mine detector IMP - 2.1-packing portable box; 2-piece aluminum probe; 3-search element; 4-telescopic rod; 5-power supply; 6-block signal processing; 7-head phones.
Operating principle induction mine detector is based on fixing the secondary field of eddy currents that occur in metal objects under the influence of a primary pulsed electromagnetic field.
III.MINO DETECTOR MMP. PURPOSE, TTX, COMPOSITION, ORDER OF WORK - 20 min
MMP mine detector.
Main performance characteristics
| Depth of detection of mines (cm): - PTM in a metal case PTM in non-metal cases………………………………. PPM in cases of any material…………………………… | Up to 50 Up to 15 Up to 7 |
| Continuous operation time (hour)………………………………….. |
Multi-channel (radio wave, induction, combined) semiconductor portable mine detector is designed to search for anti-tank and anti-personnel mines in housings made of any metals and materials.
Rice.3. MMP mine detector:1-search element; 2-probe; 3-rod; 4-block signal processing; 5-head phones
The principle of operation of MMP is based on a combination of two methods:
1. Radio wave - sounding signals are emitted by transmitting antennas, reflected from the ground surface, received by receiving antennas and detected.
2. Induction - a reflected electromagnetic wave is captured with characteristics characteristic of Me (amplitude, phase).
Operating procedure
When reconnaissance of the area, the search element of the mine detector is moved with a sweep to the left - to the right parallel to the ground surface at a height of 10 centimeters at a speed of 0.6 - 0.9 m / s (2 - 3 km / h). After each stroke, the search element is moved forward 1/3 of its length. The appearance of a short signal indicates the presence of a foreign object.
IV.MINO DETECTOR RVM-2. PURPOSE, TTX, COMPOSITION, ORDER OF WORK - 20 min
Mine detector RVM - 2.
Main performance characteristics
| Depth of mine detection (cm): - PTM………………. PPM……………… | to 10 up to 5 |
| Detection zone width (cm): - PTM……………… PPM……………… | up to 20 up to 15 |
| Mass of the mine detector (kg)………………………………... | |
| Mass of the search part (kg)…………………………….. | |
| Time of continuous operation (hour)………………………. | |
| Temperature Range applications (O C)…………… | +50 to -50 |
| Calculation (people)………………………………………………. |
The RVM-2 mine detector is designed to search for anti-tank and anti-personnel mines with hulls made of any material.
Rice.4 . Mine detector RVM - 2:1-search element; 2-holder; 3-telescopic rod; 4-collet clamp; 5-block signal processing; 6-head phones.
The principle of operation is based on fixing the difference in the dielectric permittivity of explosives, the material of the mine body and the environment in which the mine is installed. Sounding signals are emitted by transmitting antennas, reflected from the ground surface, received by receiving antennas and detected. When moving the search element over the mine, a sound signal appears in the phones.
Preparation for work
1. Assemble the mine detector;
2. Connect headphones to the signal processing unit;
3. Insert power supplies;
4. Check functionality.
Operating procedure
The search for mines, depending on the state of the soil, is carried out in one of two search modes: I " or "P". Mode " I " is used to search for mines, in the snow, as well as under a layer of water, and the "P" mode in other cases.
Moving in a given direction, move the search element parallel to the ground at a height of 3-7 centimeters with smooth strokes, making sure that there are no unexplored areas left. When a signal appears on the phones, stop and clarify the location of the object
FINAL PART-5 min
I summarize the lessons, answer the questions posed, give the task for self-preparation.
Synopsis - Means of engineering reconnaissance and demining
Russia, 2000 - 7 p.
Discipline - Engineering Training
Mine detector IMP. Purpose, performance characteristics, composition, procedure for working with a mine detector.
Mine detector IMP-2. Purpose, performance characteristics, composition, procedure for working with a mine detector.
MMP mine detector. Purpose, performance characteristics, composition, procedure for working with a mine detector.
MMP mine detector. Purpose, performance characteristics, composition, procedure for working with a mine detector.
