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Owners of furry four-legged pets are well aware of such a period when the hair of their pets is found absolutely everywhere, and even in food. This causes a lot of inconvenience, but is a completely normal physiological process. Shedding affects not only cats and dogs, but also other representatives of terrestrial vertebrates. All they require in this period special attention. What and how to do during molting - we will tell further.
What is a molt
Moulting is a natural process during which the outer cover of the animal changes. In each class of tetrapods, this process has a certain character. So, reptiles change the top layer of the skin, the epidermis. Mammals and birds change their skin (feathers, fur, wool). Insects are capable of shedding body parts during molting.
Mammals and birds are characterized by seasonal molting. They change plumage and fur from warmer to lighter, and vice versa. Along with the density of the cover, its color may also change.
Pets that can shed
Pets subject to shedding include:
- (canines);
- birds (etc.);
- lizards;
- amphibian ( );
Did you know? Latin name of all four-legged animals, Tetrapoda, comes from the fusion of two ancient Greek words: τετράς, which means« four» , and πούς -« leg» .
Features of the molting process in pets
We have already said that in each class of terrestrial vertebrates, the change of cover has its own characteristics. We will tell about them further.
In dogs
Natural shedding in dogs and all canids is seasonal (spring and autumn). The seasonal molt does not last long, a week or two. For the first time, this phenomenon is experienced by young individuals at the age of six months. In order for a four-legged pet to be able to more easily endure a change of cover, it must be combed every day so that the coat can recover faster and tangles do not form.
The more intensively you brush your pet, the less hair will be scattered around the living space. It should also be borne in mind that each type of wool should have its own approach. Smooth-haired ones need to be combed and wiped with a hard towel. Longhairs need to be brushed and trimmed.
During the molting period, the behavior of the animal may change, since this process is quite energy-consuming. The dog may lose weight, become more lethargic, lazy, passive. To keep the body of the animal in good shape, it is necessary to change its diet, to make it more nutritious. You should also add more vitamins to the menu. Special vitamin complexes can be found in veterinary pharmacies.
Breeds that shed the least:
- some
- and some others.
Important!Pets living in apartments may shed year-round, or the seasonal shedding period may be shifted. This is due to the constant high temperature and dry air in the room. Therefore, it is advisable to take the dog outside as often as possible so that the molt is at a certain time.
In cats
Little kittens change their soft baby fur to coarse adult fur at five to seven months of age. It can last from several weeks to several months. It all depends on the breed. When the hairline has changed from child to adult, seasonal molting begins. It happens twice a year, in spring and autumn. Its duration is two to three months.
During this period, the cat becomes less active. In order for the animal to endure the change of fur coat more easily, it must be fed in a balanced way and given full complex vitamins. You should also comb your pet daily to rid it of dead hairs and stimulate blood flow to the hair follicles for faster growth of new hair.
If you notice that your cat has been shedding for more than three months and her coat is dull, unhealthy, falling out in clumps, then you should contact your veterinarian. Perhaps there are some deviations in the health of the pet.
To prevent an unnatural change of cover, you should:
- regularly examine the pet for bald patches, bumps or spots on the skin;
- enrich the cat's diet with B vitamins, choose a more suitable food for the type of coat and age;
- Regularly treat your pet for fleas, ticks and worms.
Breeds of low shedding cats:
Birds
The usual inhabitants of apartments as pets from birds are parrots and canaries.
Parrots have a seasonal molt. The change of plumage occurs gradually, and therefore the behavior of the bird does not change. During this period, it is enough to introduce minerals, vitamins, amino acids into the diet. They will help plumage recover faster. It should also limit the bird in free flight. If a bleeding wound has formed at the site of the fallen feather, then it must be treated with a solution of ferric chloride.
Canaries change plumage once a year, and this process lasts about a month. The young are still going through a juvenile molt, during which the fluff is replaced by feathers. This happens in the second or third months of life and lasts until the chicks reach six months of age. The end of the juvenile molt indicates the achievement of puberty.
The change of plumage in canaries is more energy-intensive than in parrots. Therefore, during this period, their voice disappears, their appetite is lost, and the temperature rises. If the change of plumage occurs in warm time year, then the cage with the bird should be taken out into the fresh air under Sun rays. In the cold season, it is necessary to create artificial lighting using fluorescent lamps. Greens, fruits, berries, vegetables, eggshells, ash, clay should be introduced into the diet.
Important!Try to disturb the birds as little as possible. If they get scared, they can easily injure fragile feathers on the bars of the cage.
Spiders
In spiders, the change of cover occurs constantly, starting from birth. Thus, they have the growth and development of the exoskeleton. Newly born spiders molt about once a month. In older individuals, the interval between changes of exoskeletons is two to three months. In adults, this process occurs every three years. The darkening of the bare area of the abdomen indicates the approach of molting.
The exoskeleton replacement process in arachnids can be divided into four stages: pre-molting, molting, post-molting and intermolting stage. On the initial stage a new exoskeleton is formed. Hormones are responsible for this. Because of this, the spider becomes very aggressive. The pre-molt lasts from several days to two or three weeks. At the molting stage, arthropods create excess pressure inside themselves, thus tearing the old exoskeleton.
This may take them from several minutes to several hours. At the post-molting stage, arthropods are very vulnerable.
Their new "shell" is still very soft, so they are not able to move and hunt normally. Recovery can take anywhere from a few days to a month, depending on the age of the animal. At the last stage, the spider is fully restored and returns to its usual rhythm of life.
Did you know?During molting, arthropods are able to restore previously lost limbs.
Amphibians
Amphibians change the top layer of the skin as it wears out. This usually happens in the summer. The frequency of the process depends on the ambient temperature.
Shedding occurs regularly throughout their lives, since the growth of the animal does not stop, and the skin does not grow. The cover comes off in one piece. On one of the parts of the body, it cracks, and the amphibian crawls out of it. To help themselves get rid of the old cover, animals rub against stones or driftwood. Some representatives of amphibians (frogs, salamanders) immediately eat old skin.
For the molting period, the main thing:
- Take cats and dogs for walks more often.
- Birds, spiders, amphibians and reptiles should be disturbed as little as possible.
- Nutrition should be as balanced and varied as possible. Vitamins and minerals should be included in the diet. In the menu of mammals, you need to enter fish oil, sea fish, liver.
- Cats and dogs need to be brushed regularly. To clean the wool from dirt, it is advisable to use dry shampoos that strengthen the hairline.
Since, according to molecular phylogenetics, these groups are related to each other, in recent times they are grouped under the name Ecdysosoa- Shedding. In these groups, molting is reduced to periodic shedding and change of the cuticle. Before molting, the inner layers of the old cuticle dissolve, and below it, hypodermal cells secrete a new cuticle. After a molt, the animal rapidly expands in size (usually by absorbing water or "puffing up" with air) until the new cuticle hardens, after which growth stops until the next molt (periodic growth).
Nematodes molt larvae (usually there are four larval stages), adult nematodes do not grow and do not molt. In most groups of arthropods (crustaceans, spiders, etc.), molting and growth continue throughout life.
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Synonyms:See what "Molt" is in other dictionaries:
Periodic change of outer skin and decomp. their formations (cuticles, scales, wool, feathers, etc.) in animals. It can be age-related (passes in the first months of life), seasonal (in certain seasons of the year) and constant (during ... ... Biological encyclopedic Dictionary
MOLTING, the process of shedding and replacing the outer layers of the body's integument. Mammals shed their outer layers of skin and hair, often during certain seasons of the year. A person does not shed, however, constantly sheds dead dry ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary
LINKA, molts, pl. no, female (specialist.). Same as shedding. The molt of the beast. Autumn molt. Dictionary Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Ex. fading Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Context 5.0 Informatics. 2012. moulting n., number of synonyms: 2 shedding (3) ... Synonym dictionary
Periodic change of outer covers (chitin, wool, and plumage) in animals. Shedding is regulated by hormones... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
SHED (yayu, yaesh, 1 and 2 l. do not use), yat; nesov. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Periodic change of hair in mammals, feathers and horns in birds, upper keratinized skin in reptiles, and cuticular cover in arthropods. Ecological encyclopedic dictionary. Chisinau: Home… … Ecological dictionary
SHELTING- LINKA, see Epidermis ... Big Medical Encyclopedia
molt- Periodic change of external covers in animals; can be age, seasonal and permanent; in invertebrates, L., as a rule, is associated with the stages of individual development, and in vertebrates with adaptability to external conditions. [Arefiev V… Technical Translator's Handbook
SHELTING- seasonal change of hairline. At l. covering hair is replaced twice a year in spring and autumn. During L. behind l skin. care especially carefully, carefully clean it, removing falling hair ... Handbook of horse breeding
Books
- Robin in the north of the range. Volume 2. Molting and migrations, V. B. Zimin. The second part of the monograph `The Robin in the north of its range` sums up the research on migration and molting of birds of this species. For the first time, the processes of emigration, settlement and immigration are described in detail ...
SHELTER SHOT
periodic change of outer skin and decomp. their formations (cuticles, scales, wool, feathers, etc.) in animals. It can be age (passes in the first months of life), seasonal (in certain seasons of the year) and constant (throughout the year). L.'s offensive depends on a stage of development, age, a hormonal state of an organism, and also from conditions external. environment - temperature, photoperiod and other factors. invertebrates L. (age L. is typical in the main for arthropods) is in periodic. shedding of the old cuticular cover by the larva and replacing it with a new one. It is regulated by hormones - ecdysones, juvenile, cerebral and sinus glands. L. provides the ability to change the shape and increase the size of the animal's body, which grows until the newly formed cover (exoskeleton) becomes tight and begins to inhibit growth, then the animal molts again. In insects, the number of L. varies from 3 (flies) or 4-5 (multiple orthopterans, bugs, butterflies, etc.) to 25-30 (mayflies, stoneflies). Vertebrates L. is associated with adaptation to certain seasons of the year, restoration of wearing out covers. Regulated by endocrine hormones. In amphibians and reptiles, L. consists in the shedding and renewal of the upper keratinized layer of the skin and occurs throughout the summer, and their frequency (from 2 to 6) depends on the temperature of the environment. In amphibians, lizards, and snakes, L. covers all parts of the body at the same time (in snakes, the upper keratinized layer of the skin - crawling out - comes off entirely). In crocodiles and turtles, L. is partial (in turtles, parts of the body that are not covered with a shell molt). Birds shed feathers, as well as horn formations on the legs and beak. The beginning of L. in many. birds is associated with a change in length daylight hours; moreover, usually the terms of L., reproduction and migration are separated. in time. L.'s types are various. So, when leaving the egg, the chick is dressed in embryonic fluff, which is replaced by the so-called. nesting plumage of contour feathers, then complete or partial post-breeding L. The change of all feathers usually takes place by the end of summer, when the beautiful breeding plumage is replaced by a less bright winter plumage. In some groups (anseriformes, shepherds, cranes, etc.), along with covering feathers, tail and fly feathers fall out, as a result of which the bird loses the ability to fly (for example, duck - for 20-35 days, swans - almost 1, 5 months). Sedentary small birds in winter plumage have more feathers than in summer, which provides better thermal insulation in winter (for example, siskins have 2100-2400 feathers in winter, and about 1500 in summer). In mammals, age-related and seasonal hair loss is accompanied by a change in the hairline (for example, the soft hair of a young individual is replaced by a coarser adult animal), a change in its density (more than doubles in winter) and color. In typical shrews (mole, mole rat), the hairline to-rykh wears out quickly, except for seasonal, it happens - permanent, so-called. compensatory, L., contributing to the restoration of hairline. Animals living in conditions with a sharp change cold winter and hot summers, they shed quickly, the inhabitants of the tropics and semi-aquatic animals (muskrat, nutria, sea otter) - gradually. Most mammals molt twice a year - in spring and autumn, some animals (eg, seals, marmots, ground squirrels, jerboas) - once.
.(Source: "Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary." Chief editor M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial board: A. A. Babaev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - 2nd ed., corrected . - M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986.)
moltPeriodic change of outer covers (chitinous, cuticular, scaly, plumage and wool) in animals. Characteristic of arthropods and terrestrial vertebrates. It happens permanent, seasonal and age. Permanent molting occurs throughout the year, seasonal - in certain seasons, age - more often at an early stage of the animal's life. The onset of molting depends on internal (age, stage of development, physiological state, etc.) and external (temperature and humidity, daylight hours, etc.) factors. The molting process is regulated by hormones.
Ch is characteristic of arthropods. arr. age molt, in which the old cuticular cover is shed and a short time increased growth of the body is replaced by a new, extensible. In various insects, from 3 to 25-30 age molts can occur.
In vertebrates, molting can be seasonal or permanent, the so-called. compensatory, associated with the restoration of constantly wearing out integuments of the body (for example, in a mole, whose hairline quickly wears out due to a burrowing lifestyle). Amphibians and reptiles shed the upper stratum corneum throughout the summer (from 2 to 6 times), depending on the temperature of the habitat. The molting of snakes is peculiar: the surface layer of the skin, having begun to separate on the jaws, gradually disappears entirely, turning inside out, forming the so-called. creep out. The transparent fused eyelids are also replaced. In lizards, molting proceeds in parts, patches. In turtles, molting occurs in places free from the shell.
In birds, molting can occur 2 or 3 times a year, which is associated with seasonal polymorphism and the change of nuptial attire to winter plumage and vice versa. Some birds molt gradually, without losing the ability to fly. Others, mainly inhabitants of the forest and shrubs from the fam. chickens, shed old feathers quickly, so during the molting period they cannot fly and hide in thickets. Ducks, geese, swans, loons and shepherds lose all flight feathers on the wings and tail feathers, and therefore for quite a long time (up to 1-1.5 months) they are not capable of flying. At this time, they usually gather in huge flocks in remote, hard-to-reach places. In birds, during molting, the structure and number of feathers change: by winter, their number and density increase by about 1.5 times, and the downy layer increases.
Mammals molt 1-2 times a year, while one hairline is replaced by another, for example. winter - summer and vice versa; soft hair of cubs - a coarser coat, characteristic of adults. The rate of molting directly depends on the rate of change from cold winter to hot summer.
.(Source: "Biology. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia." Editor-in-Chief A.P. Gorkin; M.: Rosmen, 2006.)
Synonyms:
See what "LINKA" is in other dictionaries:
MOLTING, the process of shedding and replacing the outer layers of the body's integument. Mammals shed their outer layers of skin and hair, often during certain seasons of the year. A person does not shed, however, constantly sheds dead dry ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary
LINKA, molts, pl. no, female (specialist.). Same as shedding. The molt of the beast. Autumn molt. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Ex. fading Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Context 5.0 Informatics. 2012. moulting n., number of synonyms: 2 shedding (3) ... Synonym dictionary
Periodic change of outer covers (chitin, wool, and plumage) in animals. Shedding is regulated by hormones... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
SHED (yayu, yaesh, 1 and 2 l. do not use), yat; nesov. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Periodic change of hair in mammals, feathers and horns in birds, upper keratinized skin in reptiles, and cuticular cover in arthropods. Ecological encyclopedic dictionary. Chisinau: Home… … Ecological dictionary
SHELTING- LINKA, see Epidermis ... Big Medical Encyclopedia
molt- Periodic change of external covers in animals; can be age, seasonal and permanent; in invertebrates, L., as a rule, is associated with the stages of individual development, and in vertebrates with adaptability to external conditions. [Arefiev V… Technical Translator's Handbook
SHELTING- seasonal change of hairline. At l. covering hair is replaced twice a year in spring and autumn. During L. behind l skin. care especially carefully, carefully clean it, removing falling hair ... Handbook of horse breeding
A wolf in the molting stage (Moscow Zoo, June). Moulting is a process of changing the integument of animals, which has a diverse character. Among invertebrates, a typical tench ... Wikipedia
seasonal variability. Mammalian wild animals in the temperate and cold zones usually change their hair coat twice a year. This change of hair, called molting, occurs in spring and autumn, and accordingly it is called spring and autumn. Observations have established that in tropical countries and in the far north, the animals living there molt only once a year, and it occurs gradually. In mammals living mainly in water, there is no noticeable spring and autumn molt. At certain types seals molt only in spring.
When animals are domesticated, molting becomes irregular, and so much so that in some areas of the skin there is no change of hair at all.
In connection with molting, winter and summer hairline is distinguished. In most fur-bearing animals, winter and summer cover differ in height, density, different quantitative ratio of outer and down hairs, shape, structure, hair color, thickness and density of skin tissue.
The strongest differences in the structure of winter and summer hair in fur-bearing animals living in conditions continental climate characterized by sharp seasonal temperature changes. Summer hair is shorter, coarser, less dense than winter. Downy hair is poorly developed.
In some species of fur-bearing animals, summer hair differs from winter in color, for example, in hare, ermine, white fox, changing white winter fur to dark summer.
The skin tissue of summer skins is coarse-pored and mostly thicker than that of winter skins. The roots of the guard hairs are located in the skin tissue so deeply that black dots can be observed in some places on the mezdrya side. The skin side of the skin has a blackish, bluish or greenish color. Summer skins are of little value. Their extraction in the USSR for the vast majority of animal species is prohibited by law.
Winter skins have long, thin and thick hair. Downy hair predominates in the hairline. The skin tissue on the inner side is uniformly white.
The most complete pubescence of the skin is reached by the beginning of winter. The skins obtained at this time are called full-haired. By this time, the hairline acquires the best color for this type of animal.
The greatest "maturity" of the skins of different fur animals in different regions is reached in different time(in our latitudes between November and February).
The change of hair, called molting, does not occur simultaneously on all parts of the animal's body; in some places it comes earlier, in others - later. The sequence of hair changes in separate areas different types animals are also different.
Molting begins in areas of the body called "molting centers", and then spreads to neighboring areas in a sequence characteristic of each species. In some animals, molting begins with the rump, and then spreads to the spine, thighs, scruff, head, paws and belly; in others, the molt proceeds in reverse order, starting at the head and ending at the rump.
The periodic change of hair is due to the cyclical nature of their development, characterized by the change of flask-shaped hair that has completed its growth, growing new papillary hair.
Molting is associated with the formation of colored, usually dark spots, visible on the skin side of dried raw skins. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that pigmented hair roots lie deep and closely lying in dark places. As the hair grows, the roots are released from the pigment and the color of the spot disappears. Therefore, in the light places of the mezra of the skin there are always grown or light, non-pigmented hairs that are in the growth stage.
Moulting time also depends on the age of the animal. So, in many species of fur-bearing animals, the molting of young animals proceeds somewhat later than in adults.
There is also a dependence of molting on the sex of the animal. In spring, female fur animals of many species molt earlier than males and their molting proceeds more rapidly.
Most species of fur-bearing animals molt twice a year. Hibernating animals molt once a year. The mole molts three times a year.
A double molt during the year occurs in a squirrel, a water rat, a thin-toed ground squirrel, a hare, a hare, a hare, a sable, a marten, a column, an ermine, an arctic fox, a mink.
In fur-bearing animals falling into hibernation (gopher, marmot, chipmunk, badger), during the 7-9-month hibernation, a new hairline is not formed. They have one long hairline molt, which begins in the spring and ends by the time they hibernate.
This means that these animals do not have summer fur. In summer they are covered with thinned winter fur, consisting mainly of faded, dull, outer hair.
Age variability. The hair and skin of fur-bearing animals and animals undergo significant changes with age, with the most dramatic changes observed in early age. As a rule, newborn cubs, growing up, at the end of the lactation period, change their primary hairline to another, secondary one, which differs both in structure and in color from the primary one. Age variability is characteristic of the hairline of sheep, seals, and white foxes.
Usually, the primary hairline differs from the secondary one in greater softness, tenderness and velvety; guard hairs are thin, not much different from fluff in thickness and length (in connection with which the primary hairline is often called puffy).
The primary hairline also differs from the secondary in its color, which is most often darker than the color of adults. The exception is the white coloration of the lush hairline of newborn seal pups (whites). The hairline of adult seals is dark in color, in addition, it is less lush.
The skin tissue of skins covered with primary hair is thin, loose and fragile.
The secondary hairline is close in quality to the fur of an adult animal.
Due to the fact that the quality of the skins of fur-bearing animals is low, their fishing is prohibited (with the exception of the fishing of pests - a wolf, a jackal, a ground squirrel).
Age-related variability is expressed differently in most agricultural and domestic animals, in which the skins of the young give the most valuable fur product (karakul, astrakhan, foal, goat, calf). But even for this group of animals there are exceptions: the skins of a rabbit, cat, dog with primary hair are of little value.
Sexual variability. The hair and skin of males and females of fur-bearing animals has some differences. These differences are relatively unsharp, expressed in the size of the skins, the length and thickness of the hair, as well as the thickness of the skin tissue.
The skins of male fur-bearing animals, except for the beaver, are larger than the skins of females.
In males, the hairline, with rare exceptions, is more magnificent and coarser (black polecat, weasel, bear). In some species of animals, males, unlike females, have a mane (fur seals, sheep).
The skin tissue of the skins of males is thicker than that of females. individual variability.
In a batch of skins of the same species, age and sex, obtained in the same area and at the same time of the year, it is often difficult to find two completely identical skins in color, height, thickness and softness of the hairline. This is due to the individual (personal) variability of animals, which does not depend on sex, age, season and habitat.
The individual variability of the hairline of fur-bearing animals, agricultural and domestic animals is serious factor, complicating the sorting of fur raw materials and semi-finished products, as it requires an individual assessment of the quality of each skin.
In different types of fur-bearing animals, individual variability is expressed differently. For example, in otter skins it is weakly expressed, while in sable skins, on the contrary, it is very strong.
A batch of sable skins coming from one region and one variety is so diverse that it has to be divided into groups according to color, pomp, softness, and other features of the hairline.
In agricultural and domestic animals, the individual variability of the hairline is expressed no less sharply than in wild fur-bearing animals.
For example, in the skins of karakul lambs, individual differences in the nature, structure and size of the hairline curls are so great that the skins are divided into dozens of varieties of different quality and value during sorting. In domestic animals, even belonging to the same breed, there is individual variability in the color of the hairline. An example is the same astrakhan skins, which come in black, gray, brown and other colors.
Instruction
Zoologists have been observing the molting of animals for decades. It has been established by research that various factors influence the time and quality of molting. One of them is temperature. The biological process of molting in animals starts in nature both at low and at high temperatures. Animals in nature, or kept in enclosures, molt "like clockwork." Such molts are called autumn and spring.
A double molt is carried mainly by fur-bearing animals, squirrels, water rats, thin-toed ground squirrels, minks, hares, etc. Moles molt 3 times a year. But not all animals change their cover 2-3 times a year. Hibernating animals molt only once a year. In individuals that are in hibernation for 7-9 months, a new cover of hair does not form during this period. They carry 1 long molt, which lasts from spring until hibernation.
Pets kept warm, periodically walking on the street, sitting for some time on the windowsills, constantly receive a temperature difference. Their molting loses its seasonality, becomes permanent, pathological. In addition, this type of molting can occur with the wrong diet of animals, stress and other circumstances. Hair loss with the wrong diet can take place in different ways, with less or greater loss cover. With poor feed, hair loss occurs mainly on the hips and back of the animal.
Age molting is a significant variability of fur during the growth period of animals. Moreover, in young individuals, changes occur more actively. The time of age molting for each animal depends on the season of birth of the baby. The first age molt occurs in the period from 3-7 months from the date of birth of the animal. Cubs at the end breastfeeding change the original fluffy cover. Secondary wool differs from the first one in structure and color. Age molting is typical for sheep, white fox, seals and other animals. Most often, the first fluff on animals is softer, more tender and velvety. The guard hairs in babies are thin, practically do not differ from fluff in thickness and length. Such a cover is often called puffy. The color of the first hairline is also different from the subsequent ones. Most often, the former is darker, with the exception of newborn seals.
Wool, fluff, can shed in females during the sexual cycle or after the birth period of the animal. Shedding usually begins 5-10 weeks after the babies appear. Wool with such a molt mainly falls from the abdomen, chest and sides. Such a molt is called sexual, it, like other molts, depends on the state of hormones in the animal's body.
