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Curl
The basis of the curl is either a spiral or various kinds of circles, in the center of which there is a papillary papilla (Figure 1.52). In such a pattern, the presence of two triradii is obligatory, which are located on opposite sides of the curl (highlighted in black in Figure 1.52). If the curl is a spiral, then it can be either dextrorotatory (Figure 1.52-2), that is, twisting towards the thumb, or vice versa - left-handed, which twists towards the little finger. The energy in such a curl constantly circulates around the center, so this position of the papillary lines shows that the energy can enter and exit, because it goes in a spiral and, having reached the center, returns back.
If the curl is a concentric circle, which are distant from each other by small distances, and in appearance resembles a "target" (Fig. 1.52), then the energy in such a curl is maximally concentrated in the center of the pattern. She stays in it all the time, since she has nowhere to go, and therefore this type of curl is rightfully considered one of the strongest.
Curl is a sign of individuality. Different curls are interpreted differently. So, for example, a right-handed spiral indicates a dynamic and strong personality, and a left-handed spiral indicates spiritual strength and the gift of intuitive foresight, which helps in emergency situations. To unexpected events that require instant action, such a person reacts extremely quickly. But this is not a consequence of hasty decisions, but rather the gift of intuitively finding the right solution. Concentric circles indicate an understanding of all that is beautiful, and sometimes indicate a penchant for parapsychology and esotericism. When analyzing curls, you should always remember that the more complex the drawing, the more complex the human psyche. He will never make a hasty decision, and unexpected changes in plans will be very unpleasant for him. First, such people must internally tune in to a new wave and mentally play all possible situations in their minds.
When describing psychological characteristics curls, I will not dwell on each of the drawings separately, but will describe in general the main features that are present in their owners. A person whose fingerprints represent curls is a bright individual with a well-formed opinion. The owner of curls always strives to find his niche in life and become a professional in a certain field. This is a seeker and a doer, a theorist and an experimenter rolled into one. Such a person is almost always dissatisfied with what is happening both around and inside him, and is constantly trying to change something. It has tremendous potential and inexhaustible vitality, which is aimed at achieving ambitious goals, but often a person remains misunderstood in the eyes of those around him. It is the one who stands out from the crowd, has his own judgments on everything and analyzes common truths, skin lines form whorls. It is difficult to find a common language with such a person, because he always does everything in his own way and does not like outside interference in his personal affairs. Most likely, he will cease to reckon with the opinions of other people if they stand in the way of his desires and ideas. Therefore, individuals with a lot of curls often seek adventure in the sexual sphere and simply love to behave outside the box. In addition, the carriers of curls are cunning and artistic, able to hide their inner essence and quickly change their “masks”. Such people cannot be convicted of adultery, because they will do everything possible so that their partner does not find out anything. To positive characteristics personality can be attributed to independence, love of freedom and all-round talent, and negative - a tendency to isolation, isolation and narcissism. In combination with other signs, curls can indicate a desire to dominate in a relationship. Very often, the predominance of curls indicates a special talent or ability of a person, which can apply to various areas of life, including a career.
Curls, which are a spiral, speak of a special rhythm of emotional experiences that are repeated at regular intervals. As a rule, such people have an exceptional memory, so they are often able to recall long-past events from the depths of their consciousness. Once suffered, they never forget, just like the happiness they experienced: because of the first, a person suffers, and the second he lives. For the most part, life values are analyzed subconsciously, and personal impressions for such people become the ultimate truth.
People with concentric curls are focused only on their own interests and are least likely to sacrifice themselves for the sake of other people. They are created for leadership, in extreme cases - by themselves. A person who has a concentric curl only on the left index finger passionately gives himself to his beloved work, and if at the same time the index finger is smaller than the ring finger, then this is a sign of a painful perception of criticism addressed to him. Additional concentric curls on the little finger, middle and ring fingers indicate success in the areas for which these fingers are responsible.
Curl on the thumb testifies to good health, well-restored strength and excellent memory. Such a person will never change a decision already made, and this is especially noticeable if curls are present on both hands.
Curl on the index finger gives out inflated aspirations, which are supported by high self-esteem and, as a rule, are distinguished by individuality and originality. Such people have poor adaptability, but due to their pressure and determination, they rarely go astray. They make good leaders, but for this they need to overcome their natural shyness. Such people have their own view of things and many ideas, defending which they can force others to reckon with them and respect their point of view. Thanks to the energy that is maximally concentrated around the center of the curl, truly magnificent life opportunities open up to such a person.
Curl on the middle finger says that a person has the opportunity to realize all his ambitious desires. He is able to put all his skill into work, but requires that he be appreciated according to his merits, which gives him peculiar incentives and self-confidence. Such individuals are initially introverted, but over the years they become more and more relaxed and less withdrawn. Routine work is not tolerated, because they do not receive the necessary incentives from it that help them assert themselves in life. The curl takes in the maximum energy of Saturn and gives the necessary harmony and self-understanding. Energy is able to concentrate so strongly in this finger that in exceptional cases it can not only smooth out negative patterns on other fingers, but also give a person the ability to learn from his mistakes.
Curl on the ring finger indicates creativity and indicates receptivity in a relationship with a partner. Such a person appreciates family coziness and comfort, but along with this, the curl endows its owner with shyness and self-doubt.
Curl on the little finger reveals innate instinct and good memory. Since the concentration of energy in such a curl is very strong, this leads to an overabundance of the characteristics of both the upper phalanx and the finger as a whole. These are sincere and devoted friends, excellent organizers, very attentive to details and trying to achieve perfection in everything. It is impossible to influence such people and impose their opinion on them, and because of their special view of the world, they are able to carefully select only what interests them, ignoring everything else.
Peacock eye (feather)
The central axis of such a pattern consists of radial or elbow loops, which are combined into one curl. This is a simultaneous connection of a loop and a curl, therefore such a pattern has an axis of symmetry and only one triradius. The central axis in English-language literature is called the peacock eye, because such a figure resembles the pattern on the feather of a peacock's tail. This type of pattern is especially indicative of an explanation from the point of view of the flow of energy flows in the finger. The energy enters the loop, approaches the center and concentrates in the center of the drawing, but cannot stay there and leaves the center along the delta back from the finger, which indicates the combined qualities of the loop and curl.
"Peacock eye" (Figures 1.53) is most often found on the index or ring finger, less often it can be found on the middle finger and little finger. The fingers on which a similar pattern is located show in which area a person’s talent lies, which, of course, gives the person a certain charm. If this pattern is found on the ring finger, then it bestows a developed sense of beauty and boundless creativity. On the index finger, this pattern marks managers from God, and on the little finger, it gives great talents for communication and eloquence. There is also an opinion that the presence of a "peacock eye" even on one finger is a sign of a person's protection from negative life situations and sudden death, which, of course, should be confirmed by other parts of the hand.
Hent arch with a loop inside
This type of papillary pattern is combined from a loop, which is encircled from above by an arc, inside of which there is an axis, as in the example of a tented arc (Figure 1.54). The pattern belongs to the arc type, since the largest part of the energy passes along the trajectory of the arc papillary lines and only a very small part of it is able to linger in the internal loop. Since a loop appears in the pattern, it is necessary to determine its direction, due to the fact that the psychological interpretation of such a pattern will come from the direction of the loop and the characteristics of the tent arc. For example, Figure 1.54-1 shows a hip arch with a radial loop, and Figure 1.54-2 with an elbow loop.
People with such patterns have unusual inclinations or occupations, can do several things at the same time, or often change professions. A man with a tent arch and a radial loop inside does not issue orders and prescriptions, therefore he prefers free professions or, at least, sets his own mode of work. Such people can assert their principles regardless of others, which very often happens in the family, among relatives or neighbors.
Such a pattern on the index finger indicates a suppressed sense of self-worth, which prevents the individual from fully revealing his natural abilities and talents. Almost all wearers of the hip arch with a loop have an inflexible character, a desire for independence and conservative views on life. Very often, such people are let down by intuition, and illusory ideas and dreams are taken aside.
After we have examined the description of the psychological traits of a person’s character, both in general and each finger individually, we will consider all these characteristics in a complex according to the most repetitive papillary patterns.
The predominant pattern on the fingers is arches. Those whose papillary patterns are dominated by arcs are distinguished by purely concrete thinking. These people are predictable and purposeful, it is difficult for them to adapt to changes in the environment and listen to the opinions of others. They are truthful, frank, do not like behind-the-scenes intrigues and easily cut the “truth-womb” right in the face. In most cases, arc patterns on the fingers indicate that the person is traditional, responsible, honest, and generally satisfied with everything. These people tend to obey, they appreciate simple things and pleasures, but can be inflexible, domineering and proud. They prefer to deal with familiar people and things, they very often have problems with self-expression and lack ease and spontaneity in character.
The predominant pattern on the fingers is loops. People with a predominance of loop patterns on their fingers are the “golden mean”. They have a wide range of interests, they easily converge with others, tolerate any of their oddities, while quite adequately assessing what is happening. With all their pluses and minuses, these are ideal leaders, capable of satisfying everyone, albeit at a minimum. Moreover, they do not put pressure on those around them, as, for example, the owners of arc patterns, and do not torment anyone with constantly changing plans, like individuals with curls. People who have most patterns in the form of loops are open-minded, receptive and experimental. Usually self-confident, flexible and sociable - they are social reformers, benevolent and practical people. They are very emotionally responsive, but may lack focus. Loops on all fingers indicate that a person feels at ease in public and has a very flexible character.
The predominant pattern on the fingers is curls. Those whose fingers are dominated by whorls are distinguished by a varied and highly complex behavior. Despite their colossal endurance, they do not like to endure unpleasant circumstances for themselves. Constantly dissatisfied with themselves, prone to introspection and painful doubts. If most of the patterns are curls, then this is a confident, strong-willed, ambitious and purposeful person. These are individualists, peculiar and stubborn, and also are originals and rebels. They can be withdrawn, distrustful and prone to solitude. These are strong and independent individuals who easily succeed in everything.
The predominant pattern on the fingers is hip arches. People whose majority of drawings represent tent arcs are enthusiastic, ardent and sincere. They are devoted and selfless, emotional, idealistic and socially active. In addition, they have a creative mindset, they appreciate art and music, they are sensitive and live an intense inner life. Both arc and tent patterns indicate people who value tradition, honor family values and, despite their creative nature and liberal views, may seem old-fashioned.
The predominant pattern on the fingers is double loops. Most of these patterns indicate people who are diplomatic, insecure and receptive to the arguments of both arguing parties. They are balanced and want to live in a way that does not interfere with others. At times they are very touchy. These are down-to-earth, realistic and practical people who remain incorrigible idealists and dreamers at heart.
And now we will consider the main character traits with the repetition of patterns on the fingers and with their complete asymmetry. If curls are present on both fingers of Jupiter, then this indicates that such a person has a vocation or destiny for some type of activity, for example, in the desire to help others and feel useful to society. It also speaks of a strong need to be better than others in their chosen field. Such people should never be ordered or even told what to do, and in order to get something from them, you need to politely and without pressure just ask for a service.
A curl on the finger of Mercury and a curl on the finger of Apollo indicate an active subconscious. Such a person sees prophetic dreams, is very impressionable and has a vivid imagination.
The presence of curls on both thumbs speaks of individualism and originality. Their owner will never change the decisions made and will not act differently. It is distinguished by great willpower, ambition and independence. It has also been noticed that the owner of a single curl on the thumb of his right hand tends to literally harass those around him with lengthy arguments, giving the impression of an intelligent and prudent person.
A loop on the thumb and curls on the rest indicate that such a person is able to work in a team and, thanks to his personality, can put his ideas into practice.
A curl on the finger of Jupiter on the right hand and a loop on the left finger indicate a lack of determination and independence in the independent implementation of ideas, and vice versa - a loop on the right finger of Jupiter and a curl on the left, speak of a person who can succeed in any profession, but she never will take first place for him (for left-handers, the location of the papillary patterns should be the other way around).
A curl on the middle finger and a loop on the finger of the other hand indicates that such a person accepts other people's ideas better than his own.
It is also noted that when curls prevail on the right hand, then such a person is quick-tempered, but quick-tempered and does not remember resentment, and vice versa, when curls prevail on the left hand, then their owner is inclined to suppress anger, but will remember the offense caused to him for a long time.
Quite often in practice it will occur that a person equally owns two hands, or does not know which one he has active, which can significantly complicate the analysis of the personality when searching for a karmic destiny. Faced with this situation, you should know that the papillary pattern will always be more difficult on the active hand than on the passive one. So, for example, a true left-hander will have a whorl on the finger of Jupiter on the left hand and a loop on the right finger of Jupiter. If the papillary pattern on both fingers of Jupiter is the same, then the fingers of Saturn look the same way, etc.
And in conclusion of this section, I want to turn again to the statistics that experts in dermatoglyphics have collected. They argue that representatives of different sports differ significantly in papillary patterns. For example, in speed-strength sports, where it is required to "give all the best" for a short time, simpler patterns and the smallest ridge count (this is the number of lines inside the pattern) are observed. On the contrary, the most complex pattern in combination with a high ridge count can be seen in athletes of those sports where complex coordination of movements is necessary. An intermediate position in these indicators is occupied by sports where endurance and static stability are required. In team sports, a slightly different picture is observed: there, the wider the field of activity of the athlete, the more complex the pattern on the fingers (for example, more curls, fewer loops, and arcs do not occur at all).
Nails
Nails are made of a substance called keratin and are a hard, dead form of protein. Nails are not only designed to protect the nerve cells that are concentrated on the first phalanx of the finger, but along with this they tell us about the state of the whole organism and, in particular, about circulatory system person. In addition to determining health by the nail plate, you can find out the main character traits by the shape of the nail, and when applying these data to each finger, you can understand with what attitude a person will realize himself in a particular area of life. Since in this big topic we are studying how psychological traits of character are determined, we will now omit the topic of health and focus entirely on how a person’s nails complement the personality traits we have already studied. In addition, I will show you how to learn to determine future events that will happen in a person’s life in two to three months by the points under the nail plates. The topic of nails is very easy to learn and is about equal in ease of perception to the topic of jewelry on the fingers that we discussed earlier.
Before proceeding to describe the personality characteristics of the nail, you need to remember one rule for yourself: a normal-length nail usually occupies exactly half of the first phalanx of the finger. If the nail occupies less than half of the phalanx, then it is considered short, and if more, then it is long. A normal nail is shown in Figure 1.55.
Short and wide nails. A nail is considered short if its length is less than half of the upper phalanx, and wide if the width of the nail itself exceeds in comparison its length, as shown in figures 1.56 and 1.56-1. The owners of such nails have a very large supply of energy, because the energy going from the third phalanx of the finger to the first rushes up, quickly reaches the tip of the nail, turns around and goes back to the finger.
A person with such nails has a very quick-tempered, but quick-tempered character. He quickly reacts to all events happening to him, is very resourceful and witty. Sexually and emotionally aggressive, prone to jealousy and possessiveness. He likes to argue and in any case tries to defend his point of view. He may not be interested in the feelings of others, especially when it comes to open rivalry. In the case when such a person realizes that he is wrong, he becomes gloomy, withdraws and withdraws into himself, unable to bear the criticism addressed to him.
If the nails are too short and at the same time wide, then their owner will be too aggressive, quick-tempered, irreconcilable and picky. Such nails betray an inveterate debater who, if he is unable to defend his point of view, can turn into a bully and use his fists if he no longer has words to convince his opponent.
Long and wide nails. Nails of this type occupy most of the upper phalanx of the finger and are wide, since they occupy almost the entire phalanx in width (Figure 1.57). The flow of energy has to travel a long way in order to be reflected from the edge of the nail.
Such nails are a sign of cautious, impressionable and prudent people. They can be nervous and have a very sensitive psyche, but along with this they have an open and kind soul. They are sympathetic, emotional and constant in their affections, prefer to engage in practical activities and strive to succeed in everything they do. Often they are thinkers, but they lack the competitive spirit and intellectual power to defend their opinions. Being professionals in narrow areas, they have their own opinion on many issues, and it can be very difficult to convince them of something.
Wide and rounded nails. A nail of this shape has approximately equal length and width and is rounded at the nail bed (Figures 1.58 and 1.58-1). Streams of energy smoothly flow around such a nail, practically without encountering obstacles in their path.
The owners of such nails are distinguished by a calm and soft character. They can be agitated and nervous, but very rarely lose their temper. In appearance, they may seem thick-skinned, but this is far from being the case, and in fact they are thin and vulnerable natures. People who have this type of nail live with feelings, but are able to listen to opinions from the outside, and under unfavorable circumstances they can stand up for themselves, while showing their inherent courage and strength. This is the most harmonious type of nail, which averages out all the unfavorable properties of other nail forms.
Short spatulate nails. The main difference between such nails and representatives of other forms is that the nail bed has a triangular shape, expanding towards the end of the finger, due to which the nail occupies the smaller half of the first phalanx (Figures 1.59 and 1.59-1). Energy flows around the nail much faster than in the previous case, giving a person an explosive character.
People with such nails are ambitious, active, dynamic, intolerant and often subject to mood swings. They strive to occupy their niche in society and can use all their natural charm in order to become adored in the team. They have an unstable psyche, and any, even minor problems can easily drive such people crazy. In order to relieve excessive stress, they very often go in for sports, and if they wish and have patience, they can achieve good results in it. Also, people with such nails are characterized by all the qualities that are inherent in the owners of spade-shaped fingers, namely: earthiness, thirst for money and attachment to everything material to the detriment of spiritual development.
Long and narrow nails. Nails of this type are found only in the fair sex (Figures 1.60, 1.60-1 and 1.60-2). Energy flows do not go to the nail, but flow around it along the path of least resistance, that is, along both edges.
The external attractiveness of such a nail, unfortunately, does not endow its owner with a good, soft and compliant character. A large layer on both sides of the nail indicates selfishness. Such women can be charming and even act like children from time to time, but behind this mask lies a rather ambitious, possessive, materialistic and very capricious nature. They love everything good and expensive, but they will never spend their own efforts in order to achieve all these benefits themselves. The narrower the nails, the more touchy and irritable a person is, and at the same time, a too long nail gives its owner self-interest. In its extreme manifestation and when confirmed by other signs on the hand, this is the nail of the “bitch”, which is characterized by calculation in relationships and the use of people around for its own selfish purposes. If the owner of such a nail “loses footing” or somehow changes her usual way of life, then she becomes very irritable, nervous and excitable and begins to treat everything with suspicion, anxiety and tormented by doubts.
Almond nails. Nails of this type are mainly found on conical fingers or on hands of the aquatic type (Figures 1.61 and 1.61-1). The energy smoothly flows around the nail, giving such a nail a refinement in characteristics.
Owners of nails of this type are sensitive and receptive. They very subtly feel everything that happens around and have developed intuition. In relationships with a partner, such people are devoted and emotional and tend to give more in love than receive. They often experience a feeling of insecurity, are overly gullible and gullible, which is why they can be deceived by unscrupulous people. They are very closed and reluctant to share their inner experiences, but in life they always guard their inner world and almost never fully open up. Remember that if you lose their trust even once, you will never again be able to count on them to open up and trust you completely. Also, such nails have the qualities of conical fingers.
Summing up the ratio of long and short nails, it should be noted that the owners of long nails have a less critical and more impressionable character compared to the owners of the second variety. Long nails are inherent in more calm, polite and accommodating personalities, for whom everything in life is given relatively easily. Owners of short nails are very skeptical and tend to analyze everything, logically and analytically explore any situation. In any case, they will defend their point of view to the end, even if they are not right. Such people have the character of an inveterate debater, which, however, can be softened by an excellent sense of humor.
And now knowing General characteristics nails, consider them in relation to the fingers, based on a comparison of their length and width. The tendency to criticize is determined by the fingernail of Jupiter, credulity - by the fingernail of Saturn, aggressiveness and the ability to stand up for oneself - by the fingernail of Apollo, and insight - by the fingernail of Mercury.
The tendency to criticize. If the width of the nail exceeds its length on the first phalanx of the finger of Jupiter, then the person is prone to criticism, pettiness and conflict. And vice versa, if the length exceeds the width of the nail, then this sign indicates naivety, compromise, unwillingness to delve into the situation, simplification of details and embellishment of reality.
Credulity. If the width of the nail exceeds its length on the first phalanx of the finger of Saturn, then the person is not inclined to take a word and constantly double-checks the information received. He is skeptical, ironic, and has a tendency to make fun of those around him. On the contrary, if the length exceeds the width, then such a person is trusting, does not see the partner's meanness and has a very painful reaction to deceit.
Aggressiveness. If the width of the nail exceeds its length on the first phalanx of the finger of Apollo, then the person has a tendency to objections, increased aggression and vindictiveness in character. With an increased length of the nail, an inability to protect, aversion to aggression, peacefulness and friendliness are manifested. Quite often, such a person takes a position of conciliation.
Insight. If the width of the nail exceeds its length on the first phalanx of the finger of Mercury, then such a person is perceptive and able to grasp all the details on the fly and penetrate to the very essence of things, due to which he rarely makes mistakes when making decisions. He is suspicious, but at the same time observant. If the length exceeds the width, then this sign indicates excessive gullibility, so such people very often become victims of intrigue and deceit.
The structure of the nails. When analyzing the shape of a nail, it is imperative to pay attention to its structure and thickness, since these qualities will complement the psychological portrait of a person. Nails are hard, soft and brittle in structure, and thick, normal and thin in thickness.
hard nails testify to the decisive and firm character of a person who has a very great vitality. Such people are strong, powerful, persistent in achieving their goals and along with this they have great endurance.
soft nails represent complete opposite solid. Their owners sometimes lack energy and vitality. They need strong partners nearby who can energize them and stimulate them in a certain way, otherwise the owners of thin nails will quickly lose interest in everything and will experience fatigue. They can often be influenced and manipulated.
brittle nails- the first sign of a person's nervousness. It is very important for such people to live in harmony both with the outside world and with themselves. They are not fighters, and when unforeseen situations or problems arise, they tend to get very nervous and worried, which harms their psyche and health in general. It has been noticed that the owners of brittle nails tend to walk in circles and they can make the same mistakes, because they cannot always take the situation soberly due to the abundance of various emotions.
Look at the pads of your fingers. The patterns on them can tell you a lot about your abilities and shortcomings, warn against possible troubles and direct your forces in the right direction. Of course, provided that you can understand all the intricacies of patterns, their combination, the number of lines - the so-called scallops that create patterns on all ten fingers ...
Purely general points, of course, can be determined by yourself, having gathered information from the same Internet. For example, there are three main characteristic patterns in total - arcs, loops, curls. Therefore, you can even make some calculations yourself, using the information at the end of the material. But dermatoglyphics (derma - skin, glyphe - engrave), and we are talking about it - this is still a section of science, not palmistry - fortune telling by hand. Dermatoglyphics will not predict your future with the help of dermatoglyphics, but will only outline the areas (be it sports or creativity) in which you can be most successful. And without 100% execution - they say, everything is written on my fingers that I will become a great swimmer or wrestler, which means everything will work out that way. Most likely it won't work. Talent and inherent opportunities are nothing without their constant development, the same persistent and constant training.
The drawings on the fingertips depict a kind of DNA model or, if you like, our punched card. The human nervous system and patterns on the fingers are formed simultaneously from the same germinal material in the womb, at 14-16 weeks of fetal development. And fingerprints do not change from birth until death (unlike, by the way, from the lines on the palms). After reading several articles on this topic, the Riga oncologist, surgeon Boris ONISCHUK began to study dermatoglyphics. He managed to get Moscow specialists to take him to their courses, and now he has added a certificate in dermatoglyphics to his diplomas. When Boris offered to show me what I had learned, I readily agreed. But for the purity of the experiment, he did not tell anything about himself ... (photo - otvetplanet.ru)
Medical dynasty
We met at the office. Boris took out a laptop and a small electronic device, a box with a piece of glass, on which, in fact, it was necessary to lay each finger in turn. Like some airports different countries requiring fingerprints, and now in Latvia when applying for passports.
Scanned patterns immediately appeared on the computer display screen. And what is so unusual that Boris (more on this later), who has been working in oncology for 7 years, can tell me about them? I wonder why the oncologist decided to take up dermatoglyphics as well?
My parents and relatives are doctors, so I knew from school that I would go into medicine, - Boris tells about his choice. - And with specialization was defined in the course of study. Previously, he worked in an ambulance for four years. I also have a second certificate in dermatology. And my direction in oncology is very closely connected with various skin problems: skin formations - both malignant and benign. I became interested in dermatoglyphics after reading an article about it. I wanted to learn more about myself and my abilities. I found out that these developments were and are being carried out at the famous Bauman Moscow State Technical University (former Moscow State Technical University, where specialists are trained, in particular, in space development - K.M.).
After a certain time, I managed to agree with a Moscow professor, Igor Nikolaevich Spiridonov, that he would help me master the method of dermatoglyphics. Spiridonov created a program that calculates the parameters of patterns in digital format. There are no analogues in the world.
Yes, patterns can be visually determined by fingers, but, for example, the number of ridges (the lines that form them) cannot be determined by eye. I studied with Spiridonov both the technical side of the matter and the interpretation of the data received.
For the last 20 years, professors Spiridonov and Tamara Fyodorovna Abramova have been studying the physical abilities of a person. They have a lot of statistics. They took entire institutes and examined students. And also took for comparison patients with cerebral palsy. The developmental delay could also be read from the characteristic patterns on the fingers of these patients.
Cast of personality
- Fingers reflect not only our mental development, but also our physical condition?
Yes. In this area, work is underway not only in Russia, but also abroad. They, in particular, investigate congenital hereditary pathologies, the most famous of which is Down syndrome.
That is, the study of fingerprints is like the study of a cast of personality? For example, is it possible in the future to entrust a specific person with the control of a ship (including a space ship), go on reconnaissance with him, or is this person better suited for other tasks?
Quite right. One is able to lead a team, while the other may have a craving for individual work ...
Thus, you can tell a person where he can show himself best? So that for many years they do not go in search of their own "I"?
Yes. And to determine this, it is necessary to match the patterns on all fingers. Because each finger has a certain individual characteristic. Even twins have different fingerprints.
Olga and Tatyana Arntgolts. Who is who offhand and can not be determined. But according to the prints - easily ... (yousmi.by)
I have already had to take fingerprints from two-year-old and three-year-old children, as well as their parents. Interestingly, in one girl, for example, the type of patterns was identical to her father's. The second child in the patterns on the fingers had something from his father, something from his mother.
In the first case, the father is in search, but on the right track. I just suggested to him that he believe in the loyalty to the chosen goal, not be afraid to create his own company, but with a small number of employees. He has the ability to lead, good performance and endurance. And the daughter's qualities of a leader are even more pronounced. If we compare daughter, father and mother, then the latter has the highest coordination of all - this is the ability to perform a variety of work, switch from one task to another. She, too, is quite capable of running her own business in the future when she grows up.
- Have you tested yourself? Are you sure you have chosen the right specialty?
Yes, according to my fingerprints, it was clear, for example, that banking, logistics or law are not mine.
In your case, with a greater degree of probability, we can still talk about heredity, which is clear even without imprints. With doctors, most often children become doctors after all, and not bus drivers ...
Yes, that's why whole dynasties are born - military men, doctors, steelworkers, actors ...
Inheritance and bad habits
- And how do heredity, bad habits and diseases affect the future abilities of a person?
I studied Chikatilo's fingerprints, which I found on the Internet, and saw 4 patterned asymmetries on his fingers of the same name. This is a lot! Asymmetry is when, for example, there is a loop on the index finger of the left hand, and a curl on the same finger of the right hand. One or two asymmetries, but not four! This proves that we have an unpredictable person, emotionally and psychologically unbalanced.
Although there is a type of patterns that shows that a person, even if he grows up in an asocial environment, is able to break out of it. Let's say the parents are alcoholics, and the child grows up as a normal person. And there are those who, on the contrary, being in quite comfortable conditions, can get into an asocial environment.
The qualities of a person can manifest themselves in different ways in civilian life and in war. Let's say if emotional person will sit in the office and do monotonous work, it is unlikely that something good will come of it both for him and for those around him?
There is a certain conflict parameter: for example, a radial loop on the index finger. Of my acquaintances, two had these radial loops. They can actually be quite tough in certain situations. And such people can be safely sent, for example, to hot spots - they will be able to navigate in such a situation faster than others. Find a use for them in the office own forces much more difficult.
Is it possible to determine a person's resistance to difficulties, the boundary where he can break down by fingerprints?
Every person has strengths and weak sides. For example, versatile abilities, but weak stamina. Therefore, this type of people should not solve many small insignificant tasks, but should focus on one big one. Then he will be able to fully reveal himself, and not be wasted on trifles.
Such cases are known when a person, doing different things all his life, suddenly, by the age of 60, began to draw and achieved success in this. Although this “suddenly”, undoubtedly, smoldered in him all his life ...
Yes, there was simply no push, no hint from outside, no encouragement: come on, you can do it! More often it happens the other way around: there is a person nearby who slows down development, is skeptical about all the successes of his partner.
... To prevent this from happening, there is dermatoglyphics. It is gradually beginning to be used in some large Russian companies, where it is necessary to effectively select and distribute personnel. However, this is often even more important for very small companies, where the dependence on the ability of each person is even greater. Dermatoglyphics can also help in personal life, suggest which life partner is most suitable for a girl or a guy.
However, it's good if there are hints that relate to different areas life. Of course, you can’t prepare cheat sheets for all cases, but it’s always useful to understand what is closer and more accessible to you. How much time, effort and money can be saved by doing this! Do not try, for example, to achieve something in the sprint, but immediately find out that this is not entirely yours, and try yourself, for example, in marathon distances ...
And now what Dr. Onischuk saw through my fingers. These are "excellent intellectual abilities (associative and analytical thinking) and excellent coordination", as stated in his conclusion. The latter characterizes "the ability to perceive, implement and perform complex, diverse movements and actions." The doctor also noted that it is easy for me to switch from one task-topic to another. But I can feel discomfort during monotonous mental and physical work, get tired quickly. “From sports, acyclic ones are suitable, in which excellent coordination and good endurance are manifested. Game types - in football, for example, a defender, midfielder (as a child, by the way, I was happy to stand at the gate - K.M.), wrestling (in his youth he gave 10 years to boxing - K.M.), from winter - more snowboarding than skiing (I mastered them a few years ago - K.M.). You should also like dancing (as a student I danced until you drop - K.M.)...
But reactivity to me (the doctor is right here, too), perhaps, is sometimes not enough. For example, in disputes, when all the best arguments come, as they say, after. On the other hand, it is non-conflicting, the study emphasizes: “extremism and a tendency to antisocial behavior are minimal.” Yes, I could learn to draw well, but Aivazovsky is unlikely to come out of me. Well, I learn...
What are we? We consider ourselves...
Dermatoglyphics appeared in medicine in the 1920s. Its ancestor in Russia is the anthropologist Mikhail VOLOTSKY. And Russian scientists from the Research and Development Center for Biometric Technology at the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman managed to create biometric fingerprint scanners and a computer program that automatically generates a dermatoglyphic map of a person. According to it, his personal characteristics are determined.
For example, according to Doctor of Biology Tamara Abramova, sprinters, speed skaters, and track and field athletes (who require maximum realization in a short time) have simple patterns on their fingers, and the number of ridges inside the pattern is minimal. But for wrestlers, boxers, gymnasts, freestylers (athletes who need complex coordination of movements), a complex pattern is combined with a maximum ridge score. The complication of the function in team sports leads to the complication of patterns.
loops
People whose fingers are dominated by loop patterns are the "golden mean". They have a wide range of interests, they easily converge with others, tolerate any oddities, while quite adequately assessing what is happening. With all their pluses and minuses, they are ideal leaders, capable of satisfying everyone, albeit to a minimum. Moreover, they do not put pressure on others (like people with arcs) and do not torment anyone with constantly changing plans (like owners of curls).
curls
People with a predominance of curls are characterized by diverse and very complex behavior. Despite their colossal endurance, they do not like to endure unpleasant circumstances for themselves. Constantly dissatisfied with themselves, prone to introspection and painful doubts. People-"curls" are distinguished by excellent coordination.
It is not difficult to conduct a shallow analysis of oneself. For a certain pattern on each finger, the following number of points is awarded: arc - 0, loop - 1, curl - 2.
The maximum indicator (based on 10 fingers) is 20. Low (up to 10) characterizes outstanding speed-strength qualities - cycle track, athletics, skates. In football and basketball, these are forwards.
Medium (from 10 to 13) - endurance indicator - cycling, stayer distances.
High (above 13) - ability for complex-coordinated activities - barbell, boxing, figure skating. In football and basketball, these are defenders and goalkeepers ...
papillary patterns on fingers - a separate extensive topic that covers a large section of knowledge: genetic characteristics, professional and sports orientation, health status, temperament, type of nervous system, etc. A special scientific discipline of dermatoglyphics is engaged in the study of individual patterns on the skin. Within the framework of this science, experts distinguish three main types of pattern: this loop, arc and curl. Other patterns are just variations of them.
When analyzing papillary patterns on the fingers, all prints should be considered in the aggregate, without highlighting any particular pattern, while ignoring the rest. Yes, in some cases, when the pattern "informally" differs from the general type, we must give it Special attention, as it indicates the specific qualities of a given person. For example, we find that there are loops on all fingers of the hand, and an arc on one, and so on. Such a different pattern adds its own “note” or accent to a person’s psychotype, in a certain way dilutes the main “set” of qualities. If there are some loops and some curls on the palm, then we can make a general conclusion that the person is sociable, sociable, flexible in character with creative and analytical data inherent in his nature. Of course, the position of the patterns is also important. So, a curl on the index finger does not mean the same thing as on the ring finger. However, the big picture is important.
Below we will attempt a brief description of the meanings of papillary patterns, based on the work of Russian chirologist Evgeny Ostrogorsky “Palmistry. Lines of Fate. Ostrogorsky distinguishes six main subtypes of patterns on the fingers: loops, arcs, curls, complex curls, a hipped arc, and a peacock curl. However, we repeat again that the position of the pattern on a particular finger also has its own semantic meaning.
So, loops found in sociable, sociable and sociable people. Such individuals are flexible by nature, easily adapt to a new environment, feel confident in a company and work well in a team. Quickly find a common language with others. Well adapted to life.
arcs are characteristic of very purposeful and hardworking people whose interests are directed towards the material side. Such people are stubborn, they go straight to the goal (throughout). Unambiguous and conservative. They are not inclined to conduct any intrigues. Open, direct and practical. There is a love for manual labor.
curls characteristic of people with a complex organization of the psyche, individualists, independent, in-depth. Such people work best on their own. As a rule, they are intellectually gifted, have a high level of thinking. Nevertheless, the degree of their intelligence must be judged by paying attention to other features of the palm.
Double loops (intricate curls) indicate the ability to see any problem with different parties. Their owners are multifaceted personalities. These are diplomatic, but not self-confident people. It is difficult for them to bring things to an end, it is difficult to make decisions.
Hip arc occurs in easily excitable people prone to strong feelings. This is a sign of enthusiasm, artistry, anxiety, impulsiveness. Such people are usually very active, emotional and creative. They have an explosive type of character, they are full of inspiration and original ideas.
"Peacock eye" found in people with a developed sense of beauty and creativity. The area of manifestation of talent depends on which finger this type of curl is on.
Some additional characteristics of the basic patterns can be found in the book Palmistry by Australian palmist Andrew Fitzherbert. So, according to the palmist, people who are dominated by arc fingerprints, usually suspicious, do not believe anything until they themselves are convinced in practice. They know how and love to work with their hands, they easily create and repair things. Therefore, they make wonderful artisans. You can rely on them, because being tireless workers, such people know how to bring what they started to the end. They are always practical, they try to benefit from everything. Their character is restrained, such people do not like to show their feelings to others. Positive qualities include mental toughness, realism, and practicality. Negative qualities include reluctance to accept change, lack of responsiveness.
People who are dominated looped patterns on the fingertips, easy to adapt to different circumstances. They are easy to communicate with, they are friendly, open and always make the best of the situations they find themselves in. They make a good impression on others. So, if people with arc and especially whorl fingerprints often have a rather difficult character, then the owners of looped fingerprints can get along with everyone. The positive qualities of such people include flexibility and sociability. The negative features are the lack of individualism, a strong "agreement".
People with dominant whorled(circular) patterns on the pads of the fingers - pronounced individualists, they can hardly be called "one of the many." They always have clearly formulated ideas for any reason, are able to keep their experiences to themselves, and are often gifted with some kind of talent. Such people are usually very demanding of others, not being as demanding of themselves; they always need "special conditions". The positive qualities of people with circular fingerprints include attentiveness and general abilities. Negative qualities: isolation, excessive self-absorption, individualism (too many "I").
In general, we can say that the owners of the loop pattern are social people who work well in a team. The owners of curls can also express themselves in society, but tend to be more analytical and work alone. People with a lot of arches often do manual labor. As often happens in nature, in any of the designated psychotypes you can find your pros and cons. Thus, one may be upset to find that he has only a "simple" pattern of loops or arcs on his fingers, desiring to have a more rare curlic pattern. But curls, as a rule, testify not only to intellectual or artistic abilities, but also to a certain sharpening of perception, to significant individualism. It is much more difficult for such people to get along with others, they are much more likely to “devour themselves from the inside”, not being satisfied with their results and those around them in general. If we exaggerate, then we can say this: having equal starting conditions and equal time for training, an artist with curls on his fingers will achieve more in skill and creativity (if he diligently studies and moderates his egocentric temper) than an artist with loops on his fingers. And on the other hand, although people with a looped pattern on their fingers will take much longer to reach the same goal as people with curls, they will enjoy communication, from their team, they will be much less prone to stress and “self-eating” . Being sociable and sociable people, it is much easier for them to achieve “simple human happiness”, to come to a harmonious partnership. Please note that this example is only a simplified illustration. Great importance to analyze the character, temperament and abilities of a person, they also have the shape of the palm, the length of the fingers, the nature of the lines, etc.
As E. Fitzherbert notes, loops are the most common type of prints characteristic of the average person. Next in frequency of occurrence are arcs and whorls. These three basic types of patterns add up to 80 percent of all occurrences. Much more rare in terms of occurrence are the patterns of the tented arch, the complex curl and the “peacock eye” curl. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the loop pattern is the most common occurrence, it is considered in palmistry to be the “golden mean” between the complex and simple organization of the psyche. Thus, the simplest mental organization and predictability (and it cannot be said that this is bad, by no means) are observed in people with an arc pattern, and the most complex organization of the psyche and nervous system is in people with whorl patterns.
Sources and literature:
Ostrogorsky E. Palmistry. Lines of Destiny. - M., 2015.
Fitzherbert E. Palmistry. - M., 1997.
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Each finger in palmistry - from the thumb to the little finger - symbolizes with its shape and length one or another quality, property of the owner's character. Each skin pattern on the finger (dermatoglyph) - from the arc to the curl - also has its own meaning.
So what is this hidden information at your fingertips?
THUMB:In addition to the three main types of finger patterns: arcs (denoted by the letter A, from English arch - arch), loops (L, from English loop - repetition, loop) and curl (W, from English whorl - curl) studied in dermatoglyphics, in palmistry they analyze two more dermatoglyphs: a double loop and a peacock eye.
Peacock eye (LP, from the English Loop Peacock), although it is a loop, is more like a curl with a stick in the middle. The peacock eye is considered a sign of success and prosperity.
Double loop (LD, from the English Loop Double) resembles the Yin-yang symbol, combines energies and loops, and a curl, connects them, enhances potential.
But that's not all. Each finger of the hand corresponds to one or another planet. The thumb (Venus) reflects the essence of a person, his Self, his Ego. The thumb is a very important source of information and is always subjected to careful analysis by specialists.
Modern dermatoglyphic studies have confirmed the findings of ancient palmists, establishing that the papillary drawings on the thumb most clearly reflect the anthropological characteristics of the brain region of the skull, on the basis of which one can judge the owner's intellect and the main features of his character.
The size (length) of the thumb speaks of the "size" of the personality.
If it is decorated with an arc, the main qualities of character will be simplicity, bordering on primitiveness, and perseverance, turning into stubbornness. Such people usually try to keep everything under control and are highly sensitive to any criticism, even an innocent joke can hurt them. At the same time, their jealousy and aggression are usually either not noticed or easily justified.
The thumb loop gives you great flexibility to adapt to any situation.
A curl is a sign of constant spiritual development and, at the same time, a tendency to introspection.
Double loop - harmony and personal growth.
The thumb crowned with a peacock feather is a sign of successful realization in many directions. In other words, life is good!
FOREFINGER: The index finger corresponds to the planet Jupiter. The supreme Olympic god personifies power, leadership, strength. To this we add purposefulness, perseverance, organization, ambition.
Jupiter brings with it a love of nature, nobility, a sense of justice, pride.
The arc on the index finger speaks of hard work aimed at achieving success. Difficulties do not frighten the "arc", he can move mountains in his path.
A person with a noose on his index finger always strives to take not quantity, but quality, trying to choose the most effective or easiest course of action. And, of course, he will never break away from the team.
"Curls" are not careerists. They are more interested in the creative component of the profession. People with curls on their index fingers can enthusiastically engage in completely useless business, the main thing is that they would be interested.
Specialists with a double loop on the index finger are good professionals, they are efficient and creative. And most often they are smarter than their leaders. But they wisely choose to hide it. And they don't care about career (power). The main thing is the process.
A peacock feather on the index finger speaks of success in any professional field.
MIDDLE FINGER:It is "crowned" by Saturn, which is responsible for mysticism, religion, exact sciences, and agriculture. The influence of Saturn is expressed in the desire of a person to structure his life: to understand its meaning, to fit into generally accepted norms, to restore order everywhere.
Just like the index finger, the middle finger reflects the picture family life, partnerships. A spouse with an arc on the index finger can be very conservative and despotic. At least he sets the rules in the family. Moreover, they are tough enough - you won’t spoil it. It installs for everyone, but not for itself. And at the same time, he firmly believes in his innocence. Easily falls into religious mysticism, does not tolerate dissent. A tough guy, so to speak.
"Petleviki" will always find a compromise solution in any situation.
Holders of a curl on the middle finger will think more about the romance of relationships than about everyday life. Their house will have beautiful furniture, but covered with a layer of dust. They can complicate relationships, turning a simple situation that the Loopers would not even pay attention to into a critical one.
Spouses with a double loop will try to make family relationships as bright as possible.
The peacock feather indicates the very marriage in which there will be "advice and love."
RINGFINGER: At its tip is the Sun, the source of light and heat. solar people able to warm the hearts of others, lead to the light, give and give, sow good. They are characterized by ease of perception, love for people, a desire to please others, to be useful, a feeling of fullness of being and happiness, love for beauty, a desire to be seen, vivid emotions.
The ring finger demonstrates how strong a person's ties with society are. The arc on the ring finger betrays a person who is difficult to communicate and does not seek to establish deep and lasting relationships. A person who perceives the world around him primarily as a source of threat.
With the "loophole", despite its wariness, you can always agree.
People with curls on their ring fingers are real aliens. They are attractive and interesting, but live in a parallel world. And we will hardly be able to understand them, just as they - us.
People with a double loop on the ring finger will always be of interest to others, first of all, with their eccentricities. You won't get bored with them.
The peacock feather guarantees glory, honor and respect.
LITTLE FINGER:The smallest finger of the hand is subordinate to Mercury - the cunning, enterprising, resourceful god.
For all its physiological lack of demand, one might even say - uselessness, the little finger in palmistry is of particular importance. After all, Mercury has many faces: he is the god of trade, profit, dexterity, trickery and deceit, eloquence. Mercury is also the conductor of the souls of the dead to the underworld. He invented literacy, counting and taught this to people. Patronizes heralds, ambassadors, shepherds, travelers and, of course, magic and the occult sciences.
A beautiful little finger speaks of good communication skills, eloquence, plasticity of intelligence, artistry, creativity, aesthetic beauty of the subject, his sexual attractiveness and mysterious character.
"Arcs" in creativity and sex are active, but primitive, in mysticism they are religious: they pay more attention to rituals than to their philosophical (spiritual) content.
The loop on the little finger gives great opportunities for self-realization, double - guarantees an unconventional approach to any business.
Peacock feather characterizes sexually attractive, creative people with magical powers.
An important point is not only the presence of a particular pattern on the finger, but also its location. The drawing can be in the middle, which gives a harmonious realization of the potential, or be shifted to the side, then you will have to look for harmony. The more the drawing is mixed, the more difficult it is for a person to figure out his desires and plans, he will always lack something in life.
Palmist Boris Akimov
Forensic value of traces of hands
Fingerprints of a person, in terms of their forensic significance, occupy the first place in the group of traces-displays, which is explained not only by the frequency of their detection at the scene, but also by the fact that with their help it is possible to come to the search and exposure of the criminal in a shorter way. This possibility is due to the structure of the skin on the fingers and the special properties of the papillary patterns present on the terminal phalanges of the fingers.
The traces of fingers, parts of the palm or the entire hand found during the inspection of the scene of the incident, depending on their completeness and clarity, make it possible to:
- identify a person by displaying papillary lines;
- limit the circle of suspects in case of a clear discrepancy between the general structure of the papillary pattern of the hands of persons who were previously present at the scene of the incident or touched objects on which traces were found, and highlight the trace left by the criminal;
- establish the features of the hand that left the mark (absence of fingers, deformity of the hand, the presence of scars and other damage to the surface of the hand);
- approximately determine the age of the person who left the trace;
- approximately determine the sex and height of a person by the size of the parts of the brush;
- based on the analysis of the location of handprints, including those that do not contain a clear display of papillary lines, to determine some elements of the mechanism for committing a crime (how the offender touched any objects, how he held a weapon, etc.).
General information about the structure of the palmar surface of the hand
The scientific justification for identifying a person by handprints is directly related to the anatomical features of the structure of the human skin.
The human skin consists of three main layers: upper - epidermis (from the Greek epi - over, above; derma - leather); dermis (actually the skin) and subcutaneous fatty tissue (Fig. 1). Skin epidermis outside it is a layer of dead, keratinized cells, which are constantly sloughed off in the form of scales, separated and replaced by new ones. The epidermis provides elasticity, firmness and rapid recovery of the surface layer of the skin in case of damage. Skin dermis has two layers: mesh and papillary. The first layer consists of dense tissue, the second layer is composed of various in shape and size elevations (papillae) or papillae (from the Latin papilla - nipple). The papillae are arranged in pairs in the form of linear rows, interspersed with grooves that are deeper than the interpapillary depressions. The epidermis accurately copies the relief of the papillary dermis, forming lines in the form of roller-shaped protrusions separated by grooves (papillary lines). The papillary lines are separated from one another by grooves (depressions). Located in the form of streams, papillary lines and grooves form patterns various shapes and complexity, called papillary patterns.
Rice. 1. The structure of human skin
On the crests of the papillary lines between the papillae are funnel-shaped ducts of the sweat glands - pores. On the papillary line, about one centimeter long, there are from 9 to 18 pores. Perspiration substance, penetrating through the pores to the surface of the skin, upon contact with various surfaces (trace-receiving) forms sweat-fat traces of papillary patterns.
Papillary hand patterns have a number of properties that allow them to be successfully used to solve identification problems in the process of detecting and investigating crimes. The main ones include such properties as individuality, relative immutability and recoverability, the ability to be imprinted on objects, the ability to classify papillary patterns that allow you to identify a particular person by the traces of his hands. The presence of these properties is explained by the fact that, having finally formed in a three-month-old embryo, papillary patterns do not change, as a rule, until the death of a person. Only some diseases (tertiary syphilis, scleroderma, etc.), as well as severe burns and cuts (depending on the depth of damage) can lead to irreversible changes or destruction of papillary patterns. However, the resulting scars and scars, which are damage to the skin in the form of protrusions and depressions of various depths and configurations, in turn, are individualizing signs that are used to identify a person.
In the practice of crime investigation, there were cases when criminals tried to surgically remove papillary patterns with part of the skin of the nail phalanges of the fingers, however, papillary patterns, as a rule, were restored. When a deeper layer of skin is removed, these patterns may not be restored, but their absence will be a sign that, together with other facts and circumstances, can help to identify the offender.
Individuality determines the uniqueness of the traces of the hands of a particular person. Even in identical twins, the set of details in the structure of skin patterns never repeats. For a hundred recent years in world practice, not a single case of coincidence of skin patterns in different people has been identified. Moreover, small features of papillary patterns in the aggregate create combinations - a macrostructure that is unique even on different fingers of one person. Therefore, when identifying, criminologists actively use not only the macrostructure of the papillary pattern, but also the microstructure, expressed in the structural features of papillary lines (edgeoscopy) and pores (poroscopy).
Another property of the skin of the fingers and palms of the hands is the ability to imprint on those objects that the human hands have touched. Moreover, the formation of imprints occurs regardless of the desire and will of a person, which is due to the physiological properties of the skin - the fact that the surface of the skin is always covered with secretions of sweat and fat. Passing when touched on an object, they form prints on it that copy papillary patterns.
In addition to morphological information, due to the peculiarities of the structure of the skin of the palmar surface, the traces of human hands display no less important information about the person who left the trace, the material carrier of which is sweat-fat substance.
Types and types of papillary patterns
Most often in investigative practice, traces of hands are found in the form of traces of various sections of the skin relief of the fingers and palms of the hands. In traceology, a special branch of forensic science called fingerprinting(from Greek. daktylos - finger and skopeo - I look), which literally means “finger-gazing”.
In fingerprinting, a separate section is distinguished that studies the traces of the palms of a person's hands, called palmoscopy(from lat. palma - palm and Greek skopeo - look).
The ability to classify papillary patterns served as the basis for theoretical and practical developments that are successfully used in the fight against crime.
Most of the papillary patterns on the nail phalanges of the fingers consist of three streams of lines. One is in the central part of the pattern and forms the inner pattern (center). The other two streams are upper(outer) and lower(basic) - go around the inner pattern from above and below (Fig. 2). The section of the pattern where these streams converge resembles the letter "delta" from the Greek alphabet, as a result of which this section of the pattern has received the name delta. Depending on the number of flows of papillary lines, the shape of the internal pattern according to the classification system adopted in Russia papillary patterns of the fingers are divided into three types: arc, loop and whorl with an additional division of each type into types in accordance with the structural features of the pattern.
Rice. 2. The structure of the papillary pattern: 1 - basic flow; 2 - external flow; 3 - internal (central) flow; 4 - delta
arc patterns the simplest in structure and frequency of occurrence - make up about 5%. They consist of no more than two streams of papillary lines, which originate at one lateral edge of the finger and go to the other, forming arcuate figures in the middle part of the pattern, which curve towards the upper stream. In arc patterns, there is no internal pattern and delta. Among them, the following types are distinguished: simple, hipped and pyramidal (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Types of arc patterns: a) simple; 6) pyramidal; c) tent
Loop patterns occur in about 60% of cases. They are formed from at least three streams of lines. The central pattern consists of one or more loops, the lines of which begin at the edge of the pattern and, rising up, return to the same edge. The loop has a head, legs and an open part. Depending on the shape and number of loops, the relative position of the beginning and end of their legs, loop patterns are divided into simple, curved and closed (racquet loops) (Fig. 4).
The direction of the legs of the loops is the basis for distinguishing among the loop patterns ulnar (the legs of the loops are directed towards the little finger) and radial (the legs of the loops are directed towards the thumb).
Curl patterns are diverse in structure, but are somewhat less common than looped ones, in about 30% of cases. Their internal pattern can be formed by papillary lines in the form of ovals, circles, spirals, loops, or a combination of them. A characteristic feature of the curl pattern is the presence of at least two deltas, one of which is located to the left and the other to the right of the inner part of the pattern. Among this diversity, the following main types of curl patterns can be distinguished: simple, spiral and snail loop (Fig. 5).
Rice. 4. Types of loop patterns: a) simple; b) curved; c) closed
Rice. 5. Types of curl patterns: a) simple; b) snail loop; c) spiral
In some classifications, other types of curl patterns are also distinguished, for example, circular, loop-spiral, loop-ball, complex, incomplete, etc., and among loop patterns - half, parallel and counter.
In addition, there are papillary patterns of the nail phalanges of the fingers, which cannot be attributed to any of the three classification groups, the so-called transitional patterns - false (false-loop and false-curl).
Identification features the structures of papillary patterns are usually divided into general and particular. To common features
include: type and type of papillary pattern; direction and steepness of papillary lines flows; the structure of the central pattern of the pattern; delta structure; the number of papillary lines between the center and delta; interposition of deltas, etc.
Particular features (Fig. 6) include details of papillary patterns (beginning and ending, merging and branching of papillary lines, island (eye), bridge, hook, fragment, dot, thin papillary line, opposite position of papillary lines) and papillary lines (breaks , breaks, bends, thickenings, configuration of the edges of papillary lines).
Rice. 6. Particular signs of papillary patterns: 1 - the beginning of the line; 2 - pores; 3 - branching lines; 4 - bend; 5 - bridge; 6 - oncoming line; 7 - eye; 8 - line merging; 9 - interpapillary lines (scallops); 10 - short line; 11 - the end of the line; 12 - hook; 13 - islet; 14 - line break; 15 - thickening of the line
As for the skin relief of the palmar surface, it consists of papillary lines, skin folds, interphalangeal folds (on the fingers) and flexor lines (on the palm).
On the palmar surface, two main areas are distinguished, the papillary patterns of which differ from each other in the direction, the steepness of the papillary line flows and the shape of the patterns they form: tenar - the area located around the base of the thumb; hypothenar - a site located against the little finger at the outer edge of the palm (Fig. 7).
Rice. 7. The structure of the human hand
Types of handprints
Handprints, depending on the mechanism of formation, can be voluminous and superficial, colored and colorless, hardly visible and invisible. Volumetric traces are formed as a result of contact of hands with a plastic surface (on oil, fresh paint, plasticine, icy surfaces, etc.). Surface traces are formed on hard surfaces due to delamination or layering of a trace-forming substance. Peel marks are formed as a result of trace-carrier particles sticking to the hands, layering traces - as a result of sticking to the trace-receiving surface of particles of a substance present on the hands (sweating substance, ink, blood, paint, etc.). Surface marks may be colorless, resulting from layering on the trace-receiving surface of a colorless sweat-fat substance, and painted, formed by hands covered in blood, ink, liquid paint, etc. hardly visible handprints are formed on smooth non-porous surfaces (glass; objects coated with varnish, enamel; plastic, etc.), invisible - occur on porous surfaces (paper, cardboard, plywood, raw wood, etc.).
Investigator's work with traces of hands
Detection of handprints. In a residential or other premises, all surfaces that could be touched by criminals should be examined, especially flat, smooth (glass, polished, etc.). First of all, you need to inspect door handles, cabinet doors, dishes and cutlery that criminals could use, electrical switches (if the crime was committed at night), as well as items left at the scene (crime weapons, comb, etc.) . One should not lose sight of the possibility of detecting not only sweat-fat. but also colored prints left, for example, by a bloodied hand. To detect handprints in the car interior, you should examine the inner and outer door handles, door and glass surfaces, the gear lever handle, interior metal parts, rear-view mirror, etc. The possibility of detecting three-dimensional handprints on any plastic material is not ruled out. It is possible to detect sweat-fat fingerprints on the skin of corpses and some types of clothing fabric.In a state suitable for identification, these traces remain on the densest tissues.Invisible handprints often appear on various subjects from paper with a sufficiently dense surface layer (gluing).
It is possible to detect during examination not only traces of open palms and fingers, but also gloves used by criminals to avoid leaving fingerprints. Their most distinct traces are formed on a smooth surface, such as glass. Leather and cotton gloves can leave marks due to the fact that when using them they are gradually covered with dirt and grease. A certain amount of fat is initially contained in the glove material itself. On the surface of many gloves there are characteristic signs in the form of damage, wrinkles, seams, pores, a pattern of weaves of threads.
Modern methods for detecting honey on the objects under study can be divided into three main groups: visual, physical and chemical. The choice of method is carried out taking into account the physical properties of the substance forming the trace, the time of its occurrence, as well as the nature (structure, color) of the surface by the objects of the carrier.
To visual methods for detecting handprints include: inspection of objects with the "naked eye" or with the help of optical magnification devices (loupe, microscope), as well as lighting equipment. At the same time, volumetric and surface traces of hands are revealed, formed by sweat-fat or dye and located on smooth surfaces. This method is based on the difference in the reflectivity of the surface of the trace-carrying object and the trace itself.
Transparent objects are viewed through the light, with the direction of the flow of rays directly into the eye of the observer or somewhat to the side and at the same time changing the position of the object itself. All objects (transparent and opaque) are examined in various lighting conditions, successively changing the angle of incidence of the rays to the smallest (oblique light). At the same time, some opaque background is set behind transparent objects.
Physical methods for detecting traces of papillary patterns are based on the ability of the trace substance to retain the particles of other substances introduced into it without entering into a chemical reaction with them, as well as the possibility of its own luminescence. Such methods include: processing (pollination) with fingerprint powders (magnetic, non-magnetic, luminescent); fumigation with iodine vapor; cyanoacrylate vapor treatment; excitation of the luminescence of the substance of the alleged trace with the help of optical quantum generators (lasers).
In some cases, it is advisable to use sources of ultraviolet and infrared rays - an ultraviolet illuminator and an electron-optical converter to identify sweat-fat traces. This method is used to detect traces that have passed a long time since the formation of which, as well as invisible traces on multi-colored objects.
To detect traces of papillary patterns iodine vapor an iodine tube is used (Fig. 8). In order to stain the sweat-fat trace with iodine vapor, a glass tube in which iodine crystals are placed is clamped in the hand. Under the influence of body temperature, iodine is sublimated and its vapors are pushed out of the tube by a rubber bulb. Penetrating into the substance of the trace, the smallest crystals of iodine color it brown. Since this coloration disappears after some time, the identified traces should be fixed in one of the following ways: iron powder reduced with hydrogen, starch solution.
In investigative practice, such a physical method of identifying and fixing handprints is also used, such as pollination with fingerprint powders: non-magnetic(zinc oxide, lead oxide, copper oxide, soot, graphite, manganese peroxide, etc., as well as their mixtures - universal white, universal black, a mixture of copper oxide with soot, etc.); magnetic("Topaz", "Ruby", "Malachite", "Agate", "Sapphire", "Opal", etc.); fluorescent(rhodamine, zinc sulfide, anthracene, chrysan, etc.).
Rice. 8. Iodine tube: 1 - spray pear; 2 - connecting hose; 3 - inlet valve; 4 - glass wool; 5 - iodine crystals; 6 - outlet valve; 7 - tube nozzle
Powders are applied to the surface of the object under study in the following way: by pouring and rolling the powder over the treated surface; using a fingerprint brush (flange or magnetic) (Fig. 9); using spray guns, aerosols and other sprays.
Chemical Methods detection of handprints are used, as a rule, in expert practice and make it possible to detect traces of a long time ago. These methods are based on a chemical reaction between the components of the trace fatty substance and special chemical reagents.
Fixation of traces of hands. Identified traces of papillary patterns can be recorded in the following ways: photography, measuring dimensions, making large-scale diagrams or drawings, describing in the protocol of the investigative action.
Rice. 9. Magnetic brush: 1 - magnetic rod (rod); 2 - plastic cap; 3 - plastic housing; 4 - spring; 5 - rod head
All traces are described in the protocol and in the order in which they were found. At the same time, it is indicated: on which object a trace was found; characteristics of this subject; the location of the trace on the subject; track size; type of trace; type of papillary pattern; the color of the trace, if it was dyed; method of detection, fixation and withdrawal.
Removal of traces of hands. Detected and recorded traces can be seized by the investigator in the following ways:
- with a carrier trace or part of it (if possible);
- copying surface marks on a special film (fingerprint film or adhesive adhesive tape on a polyethylene basis (such as "Scotch");
- making impressions from volumetric handprints using various impression materials and compounds (gypsum, silicone pastes "K", "U-1", "KLT-ZO"; low molecular weight rubbers "SKTN", "SKTN-1"; impression masses "VGO ”, “VGO-4”; trace-copy compositions “Copy-1”, “Copy-2”, etc.);
- direct fixing of traces on objects by physical or chemical methods, as well as covering them with a protective film or glass.
Preliminary study of handprints. Approximate definition of age. From the prints of the palms and nail phalanges, you can get an approximate idea of the age of the person who left the mark. The imprints of the flexor folds of the palm (transverse and longitudinal) in persons under the age of 25 are weakly expressed and relatively short (significantly do not reach the edges of the palm); in persons over 25 years old, but younger than 60, they have an average length, slightly not reaching the edges of the palm, and in people over 60 they reach these edges. In the prints of the elderly and old people, there are many displays of small furrows, folds, wrinkles, white lines (gaps). Display lines of their papillary patterns are less distinct, have a significant number of breaks. The number of papillary lines per unit length depends on age. On a line segment 0.5 cm long, in relation to persons of different age groups, there are: 12-13 lines - persons 8-12 years old; 10-12 lines - teenagers; 9-10 lines - adults. This does not apply to very obese people who have 7-8 lines on a segment of 0.5 cm.
The trace of the palm may be of orienting value for assumptions about the social environment that formed the person who left this trace. The palm of a representative of physical labor, especially those who have been engaged in it since childhood, as a rule, is wider, square in shape compared to the narrower, rectangular or oval palm, characteristic of many intellectuals.
Establishing the features of the hand that left the mark. Any anomalies that appear in the traces of hands have a certain search value. This, for example, the elevation of the index finger above the ring finger, unusual length, curvature, thickening in the joints, fusion of some fingers, calluses, scars, scars, complete or partial absence of papillary lines of the nail phalanges, which may be the result of their deliberate destruction.
An approximate definition of the height and sex of a person. For this, special tables are used, using which you can set the approximate height or gender of a person along the length and width of the palm or along the length and width of various fingers.
Expert study of handprints
Traces of papillary patterns of hands are submitted for examination together with the object or part of it, on a special film, in the form of casts of three-dimensional traces or photographs placed in photo tables (an appendix to the protocol of the inspection of the scene, to the primary conclusion of the expert).
As a comparative material, experimental prints of papillary hand patterns are presented, checked on the forms of fingerprint cards or sheets of writing paper (their photocopies, photo reproductions).
Most often, when assigning fingerprint examinations, the expert is asked questions about establishing the hand and fingers that left traces, determining the suitability of hand traces for personal identification and identifying the specific person (s) who left traces.
The decision on the suitability of traces of papillary hand patterns for identification depends on their quality. If there are clear and significant areas of papillary patterns with a large number of distinguishable details of the structure (as a rule, at least eight), the traces are recognized as suitable for identifying a person.
If the trace received for examination contains a limited number of clearly expressed signs of the structure of the pattern (2-3), but is approximately determined type of papillary pattern, the expert concludes that the issue of the suitability of a trace for identification of a person can be resolved only by comparing it with the fingerprints of a particular person being checked. As a rule, such handprints are located on rough, embossed, contaminated surfaces.
Grade matching and differing features identified in a comparative study is carried out on the basis of determining the identification significance of each of them, as well as their entire combination. The criterion for this is the frequency of occurrence of features.
A set of eight particular features of the papillary pattern can be considered sufficient for identification. This allows you to make a reliable and reasoned conclusion. However, it is also necessary to take into account the conditionality of the specified quantity, since such a set is evaluated not only by the number of features, but also by their qualitative characteristics (including identification significance, relative position in the pattern, etc.).
If a match is established on common features, as well as on a number of particular features (at least eight), it is necessary to determine whether the combination of these matching features is individual (unique).
The conclusion about the impossibility of resolving the issue of identity is made if the traces are unsuitable for identification or there are no proper comparative samples. The results of the study are drawn up in the form of an expert opinion and photo tables.
