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Mammals of the "Scarlet Book of Karelia"
hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus tiny shrew Sorex minutissimus Zimm. Equal-toothed shrew Sorex isodon Turov Pond bat Myotisdasycneme Boie mustachioed bat Myotis mystacinus Kuhl Water bat Myotisdaubentoni Kuhl brown earflaps Plecotus auritus. flying squirrel Pteromys volans baby mouse Micromys minutus Pall. yellow-throated mouse Apodemus flavicolis Melch Harvest mouse Apodemus agrarius Pall. black-haired rat Rattus rattus forest lemming Myopus schisticolor garden dormouse Eliomus quercinus hare Lepus europaeus Pall. European mink Mustela lutreola Wolverine gulo gulo Otter lutra lutra weasel Mustela nivalis Ladoga seal Pusa hispida ladogensis Nordq. Roe capreolus capreolus Forest Nordic deer Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lonnb. Harbour porpoise Phocaena phocaena
Birds of the "Scarlet Book of Karelia"
red-throated loon Gavia stellata white-nosed loon Gavia adamsii great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Bittern Botaurus stellaris White stork ciconia ciconia Black-haired stork Ciconia nigra Tundra swan Cygnus bewickii Yarrel Lesser White-fronted Lesser Anser erythropus mountain goose Eulabeia indica black-haired goose Branta bernicla red-throated goose Rufibrenta ruficollis Pall. Gaga(Ladoga population) Somateria mollissima Siberian eider Polysticta stelleri Turpan melanitta fusca Smew Mergus albellus Osprey Pandion haliaetus black-haired kite Milvus korschun white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga lesser spotted eagle Aquila pomarina Brehm. Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetus snake-eater Circaetus gallicus steppe harrier Circus macrourus Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Derbnik Falco columbarius Merlin falco gyrfalco peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Tunst. steel partridge perdix perdix Quail Coturnix coturnix gray crane grus grus Dergach Crex Crex Oystercatcher Great snipe Gallinago media Little Godwit Limosa lapponica Broody Larus fuscus little tern Sterna albifrons Chegrava Hydroprogne caspia Klintukh Columba oenas Owl Bubo bubo snowy owl Nyctea scandiaca pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum Great Gray Owl Strix nebulosa Forst. white-backed woodpecker Dendrocopus leucotos forest lark Lullula arborea horned lark Eremophila alpestris steel shrike Lanius excubitor Dipper cinclus cinclus coot redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus white-throated thrush Turdus torquatus Snow-white blue tit Parus cianus Pall. Lapland plantain Calcarius lapponicus
Insects of the "Scarlet Book of Karelia"
Admiral Hawthorn hawthorn mediocre hawk hawk hawk hawk hawk hawk hawk hawk poplar hawk harpy tree borer fragrant woodcutter willow red-necked lumberjack kosmatochest Dawn short-winged large poplar ribbon Hole silvery Swallowtail Swallowtail Bear kaya Rhinoceros Rhinoceros small Ribbon blue Ribbon red -white Narrow-winged coniferous Longhorn herbal musk Proboscis scabiosa Thistle (burdock) Silkworm birch Silkworm oak
When describing insects, materials ru.wikipedia.org were used
Mushrooms
Snow white mushroom, birch form Porcini, spruce form Snow-white mushroom, pine form Volnushka pink Gladysh Golovach (raincoat) giant Mushroom-umbrella scarlet Mushroom-umbrella motley Yellow mushrooms Real mushroom Coral-like Clavariadelphus pistillate hit Lilac onion Real chanterelle Gray chanterelle Mutinus canine Dung beetle steel Aspen red Cobweb purple Ginger, form spruce Ginger, configuration pine Row purple
Plants of the "Scarlet Book of Karelia"
All plants are divided into three groups:
I. Rare and endangered species protected throughout the country.
II. Plants protected on the territory of the Karelian ASSR.
III. Plants in need of protection on the territory of the Karelian ASSR.
I group. Rare and endangered species protected throughout the country
Group I included 8 species included in the "Scarlet Book of the USSR" (1984), which also grow in Karelia.
Grozdovnik uncomplicated - Ocheretnik brown - Real slipper, venus slipper - Leafless beard - Insect-like ofris - Smolevka rocky - Spring backache - Rhodiola rosea - Dortman's Lobelia
II group. Species protected on the territory of the Karelian ASSR
The II group of the Scarlet Book of Karelia included plants, for the protection of which the Council of Ministers of the Karelian ASSR enlisted the relevant decrees. Two groups are distinguished.
The first subgroup consists of all species of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae). Their protection is carried out on the basis of the Decree of the Recommendation of the Ministers of the Karelian LSSR of October 18, 1976 "On the establishment of a ban on the extraction of endangered wild animals and plants."
Marsh gammarbia Nesting natural Gudayera creeping Dremlik marsh Dremlik dark red Dremlik broad-leaved Calypso bulbous Kokushnika long-horned Ockeye three-notched Lyubka two-leaved Lyubka green-flowered Pulp unifolia Herbal Cache heart-shaped Cache ovoid
The second subgroup includes beautifully flowering plants, which, due to their decorative effect, are actively collected for bouquets and for sale.
Cattail narrow-leaved Cattail broad-leaved Kupena fragrant May lily of the valley White water lily Finnish water lily (tetrahedral). Pure white water lily Oak anemone Anemone ranunculus European bathing suit Generous coppice (liverwort) Corydalis dense Bird cherry common China spring Wolf's bast Greenish wintergreen Round-leaved wintergreen Wintergreen small Wintergreen mediocre Primrose spring Lungwort ordinary Bell peach-leaved Bluebell broad-leaved
III group. Plants in need of protection on the territory of the Karelian ASSR
Group III introduces plants that are rare in our republic or are located at the boundary of the range. Three subgroups have been identified.
The first subgroup includes species that are found in both subzones. Although their range is quite wide, they are very rare everywhere, many of them disappear as a result of changes in growing conditions (draining of swamps and wetlands, logging, etc.). Among the plants of this subgroup, there are many species confined to rocky outcrops, which occupy a negligible area in the republic as a whole. In addition, rocky vegetation is the most vulnerable, since in these conditions there are habitats at the extreme limit of existence. This feature should be taken into account when organizing recreation centers, tourist camps in order to exclude such areas from recreational use.
Astragalus frosty Bartsia alpine Slipper real, venus slipper Birch drooping (warty),
конфигурация карельская Блимус рыжий Букашник горный Валериана лекарственная Василистник кемский Вероника кустарничковая Вертляница подъельниковая Ветреница дубравная Ветреница лютиковая Волчье луб Воронец красноплодный Восковница болотная Вудсия альпийская Вудсия гладкая Вяз приглаженный Вяз шершавый Гаммарбия болотная Гвоздика песчаная Гвоздика пышная Герань болотная Гирчовник нордовый Гнездовка настоящая Гроздовник виргинский Гроздовник ланцетный Гроздовник многораздельный Wintergreen uncomplicated Wintergreen greenish Wintergreen round-leaved Wintergreen small Wintergreen mediocre Gudayera creeping Goose bow yellow Elecampane British Elecampane willow-leaved Dremlik marsh Dremlik dark red Dremlik broad-leaved
Dryad eight-petaled, kurpatochya ant Dryad punctate Oregano common Creeping tenacious Zhyryanka hairy St.
tal) Polar willow Russian willow Creeping willow Willow three-stamen Viburnum common Calypso bulbous Soddy saxifrage Snow saxifrage Snow iris marsh Cotoneaster chokeberry Fireweed white-flowered Fireweed Daurian Fireweed mosquito-leaved - 67 Maple Norway-leaved Prince Siberian Kokushnik long-horned Campanula stiff-haired Campanula nettle-leaved Campanula
Broadleaf bell European hoof Mullein bear's ear Black-haired mullein Short-legged feathery Kostenets hair-like Kostenets green Kostenets nordic Kochedyzhnik spaced-leaved White water lily Finnish water lily (tetrahedral). Pure white water lily European bathing bath Kupena fragrant Lily-of-the-valley May cinquefoil Krantz Common hazel - Linden heart-shaped Siberian larch Dortman's Lobelia Luaseleuria recumbent Onion even Skorod's onion Lyubka two-leaved Lyubka green-flowered Buttercup Kashubian Kuroslep deceptive Mannik large (aquatic) Lungwort ordinary Multi-row spear-shaped Juniper Siberian sprout Pulp unifolia Leafless beard Forest forget-me-not Frosty forget-me-not Sticky alder Aquatic sedge Hairy sedge Ostrolodochnik dirty Ophrys insectoid Ocheretnik brown Stonecrop purple Solanum bittersweet Primrose spring Noble coppice (liverwort) False cold gerbil Feverfew
Grass stubble grass Polushnik lake Popovnik (nivyanik) ordinary Hemp sapling Nord
Pulsatilla spring Vesicles mountain Bubbles Dike Rezukha flinty Angustifolous cattail Broadleaved cattail
Rhodiola rosea Smolevka drooping Smolevka rocky Smolka alpine
Thyme Common Violet Selkirka Phyllodoce Blue Horsetail Reed Horsetail Variegated Hop Curly Corydalis Dense Corydalis Medium Circe Alpine (Sorcerer-Grass) Bird Cherry Common China Spring China Forest Chistets Forest Chistyak vernal Jaskolka alpine Woodruff odorous Orchid (fingerwort) Baltian heeled orchris-red bloody Yatryshnik Orchis Traunsteiner Orchis Fuchs
The nature of Karelia is wealthy and diverse. And at the same time, natural complexes are subjected to increasing anthropogenic impact every year: new industrial enterprises are being built, cities and towns are being built, forest clearing areas are expanding, and the atmosphere is clogged with unhealthy gases and dust. Human intervention in natural biogeosystems throughout the universe is increasing. As a result, the issue of protecting natural complexes, including the total species diversity of animals and plants. Humanity has become seriously worried. for fate wildlife and firmly realized that the loss of any biological appearance damages not only the economic interests of society in the present, but can lead to irreparable losses for future generations of people and for the Earth's biosphere as a whole.
According to UNESCO, now one animal species disappears on the globe every day and one plant species every week. The loss of any appearance is an irreparable loss for science and practice, since it is impossible to artificially create an extinct species. To protect rare and endangered animals and plants, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and natural resources established the Scarlet Book in 1966. The first four volumes are devoted to rare animals of our planet, and the fifth - to plants. Any State in whose territory such rare view, bears moral responsibility for its safety.
In addition to the international Red Book, many countries have created their own state Scarlet Books, which include species that are rare not on a global scale, but on the territory of this state.
In 1978, the Red Book of the USSR was published, which is considered a state document. Species that are rare throughout the region are described here. In 1984, the second edition of the Red Book of the USSR was published.
In addition to the All-Union Scarlet Book, republican Red Books are being created in our country, introducing species that are rare for a given republic, as well as regional ones - for autonomous republics, territories and regions.
The creation of the Red Book only warns of the danger of the disappearance of species, but does not solve the issues of their protection and restoration of numbers. To solve these problems, special protected areas of various status are assigned, from strictly protected areas closed for free access to areas with a partial ban, ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of hectares.
Reserves have played and are playing a decisive role in the preservation of natural complexes, individual forms of plants and animals. Thanks to the creation of reserves, such animal forms as bison, sable, sea otter, saiga and others, as well as many plant forms - yew, lotus and others, were preserved.
In addition to nature reserves, such protected areas as wildlife sanctuaries are widespread, which have a regime that partially restricts nature use. Zakazniks are just highly specialized protected areas, which can be created on a small area, for a specific period, for the protection and reproduction of a specific appearance of a plant or animal.
Along with large protected areas, small micro-reserves, protected natural areas can be organized, serving as targets for the conservation of habitats of rare and endangered plant species, small and locally living animals.
A number of protected areas have already been created in Karelia: nature reserves, museum-reserves, wildlife preserves. Now it is necessary to pay positive attention to the protection of rare species with a limited range (the territory to which a species is distributed), endemics (species that live in a very limited area and have adapted to life in specific conditions), relict (species that have survived from the Tertiary stage or glacial and interglacial epochs) plants. For this purpose, we need micro-reserves, reserved tracts.
In recent years, Karelia has accumulated a lot of material on identifying rare and endangered plants and animals, and there is a need to create their own Scarlet Book.
The peculiarity of the physical and geographical features of the republic has left its mark on the distribution of many species of flora and fauna. Some of them are typical only for the northern taiga subzone, others are associated with the middle taiga. In addition, the boundaries of the ranges of many plant and animal species pass through the territory of Karelia. Among the species proposed for protection there are endemics, there are relics - a kind of "living fossil".
The appearances of the plants of the region are represented by the following groups:
Arctic species are plants most typical of the tundra zone.
Circumpolar species are plants of the tundra zone located around the polar regions of the Arctic Ocean.
Arctoalpine appearances - plants characteristic of both the Arctic and the Alpine belt are more southern mountains temperate zone northern hemisphere, that is, always with a strongly broken range.
Hypoarctic species - plants characteristic of the subarctic - within the northern taiga, forest tundra and midday tundra.
Boreal species are plants distributed mainly in the taiga zone, especially in the middle taiga subzone.
Nemoral species - plants native to the zone deciduous forests.
Amphiatlantic species are plants found in both hemispheres.
Plurizonal species are plants that are widespread mainly in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere.
Cosmopolitans - plants distributed on all continents, without zonal confinement.
The lists provided are not definitive. With further study of the flora and fauna of our republic, they will be refined and changed.
Red Data Book of Karelia. - Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1985.
The flora of Karelia is remarkable for its amazing beauty and diversity. This was facilitated by the richest nature and unique climatic conditions of the northwestern part of Russia. wild rivers, dense forests, untouched valleys - they all attract travelers and tourists, offering to enjoy more untouched corners wildlife.
Most of Karelia is occupied by dense forests with coniferous trees and rich undergrowth, juniper thickets and a variety of berry bushes. Most of the plant species presented here are unique and almost never found anywhere else. Some of them are listed in the Red Book, belonging to endangered and legally protected species.
Flora of Karelia
Karelian flora captivates at first sight - this is a unique region with a wide variety of flora, which has a clear distinction. The main part of the republic is coniferous and mixed forests, for high-rise and northern regions characterized by lichens, mosses, dwarf birch and spruce, dense pine forests. Closer to Segozero, there are medium-height forests, where pines coexist with spruces; closer to the southern part, mixed and deciduous forests. These are aspens, alder, birch, maples, lindens, elms and many others, the undergrowth is very rich and varied, along the rivers and lakes there are thickets of berry bushes.
The lower tier is generally striking in diversity. In places of pine forests, it is more scarce, but closer to the southern borders there are thickets of wild rosemary, blueberries, blueberries, cloudberries and lingonberries. The marsh plant world, many of whose representatives are included in the Red Book, also deserves attention. The eastern part of the republic is rich in thickets of cranberries, corydalis, medicinal primrose, small-fruited cranberries are found to the north, and marsh cranberries are found in the Murmansk region.
Red Book plants
The flora of Karelia is represented by approximately 1200 species of vascular spore and flowering plants, 402 species of algae, mosses and lichens. Approximately 350 species are of major medicinal value, many are listed in the Red Book as endangered and rare species subject to protection.
The Red Book of Plants of Karelia includes various types of ferns, including shield-bearers, grapevines and aspleniums, the most beautiful wild orchids, and many medicinal plants. Many decorative species are also classified as rare and endangered, for example: alpine circus, rezuha, ranunculus anemone. Of the marsh plants, the Red Book includes caulinia, intermediate sundew, the list of rare trees and shrubs was replenished with hazel, Karelian birch and cotoneaster.
Recently, there has been a gradual disappearance of St. John's wort, which is of great importance in folk medicine. This plant is indispensable for rheumatism, cough, it has wound healing and soothing properties. The rarest orchid, the cypridin slipper, is classified as a rare species, and Rhodiola rosea, which is also well known as the golden root, is gradually beginning to disappear.
Among the species included in the Red Book, there was also a dark red dreamflower with incredibly beautiful buds and a horizontal rhizome. This plant is common in Ladoga, Zaonezhye, on the territory of the Paanajärvi National Park and the Kivach Nature Reserve. Dremlik leaves are ovoid or oval in shape, it begins to bloom by the end of summer. Dremlik flowers are distinguished by a rich dark purple hue and unusual shape petals.
Bulbous calypso is found mainly in the north of the Loukhany region, in small numbers - in the southern regions of Karelia, on the territory of the Kivach nature reserve, in the Paanajärvi and Vodlozersky parks. In small quantities, this most beautiful flower can be seen in the Zaozerye reserve. The plant is relatively low, has an unusual appearance: there is only one large ovoid wintering leaf, pinkish flowers bloom in June-July and have a very pleasant, delicate aroma.
Spring backache today is found south of Lahdenpokhya, in the territory of the northern Ladoga region. This is a very beautiful plant with single flowers in the form of bells, which have a white color inside. Outside, the petals are slightly purple or purple, you can observe the flowering of the backache only in May, for about 20 days.
In addition to plants, many types of mushrooms, including the edible white aspen, were included in the Red Book of Karelia. In total, more than 100 species need protection as endangered and rare. Today, many mushrooms can only be found in nature reserves and national parks, many of them do not bear fruit every year.
The material was prepared with the assistance of the recreation center Lumivaara in Karelia
Type angiosperms
Marsh marigold
European bathing suit
buttercup creeping
Water lily pure white
Yellow capsule
River gravel
Milestone poisonous
There are more than 10 waterfalls on the rivers. The most famous of them is located on the Suna River - Europe's largest flat waterfall Kivach - a miracle of nature in Karelia
Here, for example, is a small list of "the very best in Karelia":
The largest lake in Europe is Ladoga.
The highest flat waterfall in Europe is Kivach (approx. 11 m).
Karelia is often figuratively called "hard stone lake-forest". The uniqueness of local landscapes lies in the amazing combination of three natural elements - water, forest and stone, which, whimsically complementing each other, create natural ensembles of unique beauty. Even swamps, of which there are a great many, only complement the harmonious landscapes of nature.
- the presence of a rhizome that strengthens aquatic plants at the bottom of the reservoir
- dispersal of fruits and seeds by water and wind
- the presence of stomata on the upper part of the leaf
- floating leaves - whole, immersed in water - dissected
- storage of nutrients in rhizomes
Arrowhead common
Arrowhead common
I present to you, my friends.
Like a flower, he is interesting
You listen to me
Arrowhead common
Sagittaria sagittifolia L.
Reservoirs, swamps. In autumn, stolons are formed, grassroots, the leaves of which end in a strong point, which plays the role of a drill. The ends of the stolons produce tuberous, hazelnut-sized thickenings with small greenish buds that persist through the winter.
.
Perennial herbaceous plant, 80-200 cm high. The rhizome is thick, branched. The leaves are bluish or gray-green, up to 2 cm wide. The perianth is represented by hairs. The fruit is a nut. Blooms in June-August .
In nature, it is distributed in all non-tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Along the banks of reservoirs, overgrown ponds and lakes. Occasionally, but everywhere.
Broad-leaved cattail - not so clean!
Grows anywhere you want!
If you want to drink
Look along the coast
It grows here and there
Let's go yum yum!!!
Bulrush
Of the coastal forms, one of the species that goes farthest into the water. On submerged plants or submerged parts of them, very short-lived long, narrow-linear, thin underwater leaves develop, the stem can perfectly resist both bending and stretching in length. Rhizomes, protruding above the soil surface and in contact with water, play an important role in the gas exchange of the plant. The abundance of adventitious roots provides a strong attachment to the ground and a vigorous supply of mineral food. Pollination is by wind. The seeds are spread by animals. Rhizome - food for aquatic rodents. In the south, reeds are used for fuel. Recently started to be used for making cardboard. Reed peat is similar to reed peat.
Bulrush
Reeds grow, only silence around. You will not resist him.
Chastuha plantain
Common reed
Perennial herbaceous plant with straight, strong and flexible stems, up to 2.5-4 m high.
Blooms in July - August. The inflorescence is a large panicle 20-30 cm long, with a drooping top.
A strong stem and free rotation of leaf blades around its axis are an adaptation against wind damage.
European bathing suit
Bathing suit -
gorgeous,
For all streams
boss.
loves the sun
burning and all the grass
prickly,
waking up at dawn,
she attracts everyone
yourself.
Three-leaf watch
perennial herbaceous plant shifting families up to 30 cm high. The rhizome is long, creeping. The leaves are simple, trifoliate, long-petiolate, with elliptical segments, emerging directly from the rhizome. Blooms in May - June. Flowers are pale pink or white. The inflorescence is an oblong raceme located on a leafless arrow. The fruit is a capsule that opens in two leaves. Ripens in July - August.
Water lily pure white
Aquatic long-rhizome herbaceous perennial. Grows in ponds, lakes, oxbows and backwaters of rivers with a slow current at a depth of 0.3-2.0 m. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively (rhizome branching).
Pure white water lily blooms on the lake
beauty among the flowers
pleases the people.
River gravel
A perennial herbaceous plant of the Rosaceae family, 25-75 cm high. The stem is powerful, straight, branched, overgrown with hairs. The rhizome is located at a shallow depth. The upper leaves are simple. Blooms in May - June. The flowers are large, drooping, undeveloped, composed of five purple sepals and five yellow petals with red veins. The fruit is an achene, ends with a hook.
Yellow capsule
The yellow capsule is a herbaceous perennial aquatic plant of the Nymphaeaceae family. The leaves are collected in bunches at the tops of the rhizome and its branches, without stipules, with petioles. There are two types of leaves: floating and underwater. The fruit is a multi-seeded green box, mucilaginous when ripe. A yellow flower grows by the lake.
It is called the yellow pod,
Loves warmth and blooms in summer.
buttercup creeping
Perennial plant 15-40 cm high with a short branched rhizome. Flowers solitary apical or collected in a semi-umbrella. Blooms from May to August. Fetus- a multi-nut with short noses for nuts. growing on wet soils along the banks of rivers and lakes, in wet meadows, in bush thickets, in forest swamps, in fields and vegetable gardens
Marsh marigold
Perennial herbaceous plant 13-40 cm high. The flowers are shiny, bright yellow, regular, bisexual. Petals 30 mm long, nectaries absent. Flowers solitary apical or collected in a semi-umbrella, sometimes in a curl, a snail. Blooms in April-May. The fruits are leaflets, bent back in an arcuate manner.
It grows in wetlands, around springs and along rivers and streams.
Pod floating is a perennial herbaceous aquatic rhizome plant. The lower, submerged leaves are linear. Upper - floating near the surface of the water - narrowly lanceolate. Long-leaved. The flowers are small, bisexual, collected in spike-shaped cylindrical inflorescences. The fruits are nut-like.
The Red Book of Karelia This is a book about the protection of rare animals and plants of our Republic. The first Red Book of Karelia appeared in 1985. The Red Book is a list of rare and endangered species (subspecies, populations). The Red Books are the official document for the conservation of species.
The most rare plants and insects, birds, fish, mammals, reptiles and amphibians are included in the Red Book of Karelia. Mammals - out of 56 species of animals, 26 are rare and endangered; Birds - among 280 species of birds found on the territory of Karelia, 130 can be classified as rare and small; Fish - at present, 57 species of fish live in the reservoirs of Karelia, 28 are rare and endangered species; The flora of Karelia includes 1200 wild species of vascular plants. More than 300 species are rare.
"Ladoga (ringed) seal" - the smallest of all subspecies of ringed seals, lives only in Lake Ladoga. The average life expectancy of a seal is 30-35 years. The seal reaches sexual maturity at the age of 6-7 years. The basis of the nutrition of the seal is small fish (smelt, vendace, roach, perch). During the day, the seal eats from 3 to 4 kilograms. The number of seals has sharply decreased - from 20 thousand individuals to 2 - 3 thousand at the present time.
"Common hedgehog" - a hedgehog is a small animal, its body length is about 30 cm, weight is g. The shell of needles is colored brownish with whitish strokes. And serve him food earthworms, beetles, mouse-like rodents, birds, their eggs and chicks. Hedgehog breeds in spring. The hedgehog gives birth to 6-7 individuals.
"Otter" is a dexterous and flexible animal, quite large, with a streamlined body shape. Size: tail length cm, body cm. Weight kg. Life expectancy up to 10 years. Habitat: Banks of rivers, lakes and streams. Color: Brown or dark brown fur, with a light brown undercoat.
"Lynx" - the length of the body of the lynx is cm and 70 cm at the withers. Males often weigh between 18 and 30 kg, while females weigh an average of 18 kg. There are long tassels on the ears. The tail is short, as if chopped off. The basis of its diet is made up of hares, grouse birds, small rodents and other medium-sized animals. Lifespan, 1520 years.
LIST OF USED SOURCES AND LITERATURE: 1. Ivanter, E. V. Mammals / E. V. Ivanter. - Petrozavodsk: Karelia, p. 2. Animals of the Red Book of Karelia [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http: // yandex.ru/yandsearch.clid=14915l Red Book of Karelia / Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan; KSC RAS Petr. Gos. Univ. - Petrozavodsk, - 286 p. 4. Kutkov N.P. Karelia is the land where I live / N.P. Kutkov, L.I. Shitikova. - Petrozavodsk: Creative Initiative Foundation, - 130 p.
Human greed and selfishness, together with the indifferent attitude of most people to nature, lead to sad consequences. Many species of valuable plants, animals, birds and insects important for maintaining the biological balance are moving into the category of "rare", others are threatened with complete extinction.
This article will focus on the Red Book of Karelia. It is a list of just such - rare and endangered birds, animals, plants and fungi.
Reference
Zero - the saddest - species that have probably already disappeared.
The first - the most "red" - a real threat of complete extinction.
The second - alarming - the number of the species is rapidly declining.
The third - dull - began to be rarely seen in the usual places.
The fourth - mysterious - little studied species.
Fifth - encouraging - recovering.
Animals
On the pages of a sad book, about 23 species of animals had to flee.
The hedgehog is not a typo - the most common hedgehog now belongs to the third category. From the northern regions disappeared altogether, in the central - single individuals, a few more hedgehogs can be found in the southern regions and closer to Lake Janisjärvi.
The field mouse, like the common hedgehog, is close to extinction in Karelia.
The hare-hare - such a well-known, originally from children's fairy tales, hare-hare is very vulnerable in practice. Most often, traces report its presence. These are found only in the southern regions.
Wolverine - wolverine in Latin means "glutton". This rather large predator, the most valuable orderly of the forest, could not protect himself and ended up in the Red Book.
European mink - this valuable furry animal with a flexible elongated body, unfortunately, fell into the sad first category.
The otter (piston) - a charming, temperamental, sociable predator with a cunning muzzle is also under real threat.
Weasel - in the fourth, little-studied category, brought invisible in winter against the backdrop of a snowy forest, a miniature, but very dexterous predator.
European roe deer - can be called happy addition who will be lucky enough to see this wild beauty!
Reindeer - a rare species similar to an elk - with antlers in both males and females, which is a rarity in the animal world.
Ladoga seal (ringed seal) - about 3,000 individuals who love to relax in a bowed boat, are found only in two lakes in Karelia.
The forest lemming is a little-studied animal of the fourth category. Most likely, complete extinction does not threaten him yet. Zoologists suggest that the reason lies in the characteristic features of this species to a sharp increase in the population, followed by a gradual decrease in numbers.
Garden dormouse - a small rodent with big ears has a low global population in principle. In Karelia, it is in category 0.
The common flying squirrel (flying squirrel) - a little smaller than the short-eared squirrel - is a small rodent of the squirrel family.
The black rat is already in the zero category on the territory of the republic.
Brown earflaps - a very remarkable variety bat with unusually long ears. Pond, mustachioed and water bats are three more species of bats.
The tiny shrew is a mammal of the shrew family that freely fits on the palm (8 cm). It is not yet clear whether everything is really so bad, or whether it is difficult to accurately count the number of these small, nimble animals. But just in case!
Equal-toothed shrew - found in all areas, belongs to the fourth category.
The baby mouse is a very beautiful, golden-colored mouse with a body length of 5-7.5 cm (excluding the tail) - one of the smallest representatives in its family!
Yellow-throated mouse - nothing threatens this species within the planet, but in Karelia it is in category one on the pages of the Red Book. Since this animal is a carrier of tick-borne encephalitis and hantavirus, which causes hemorrhagic fever, it is unlikely that they will be involved in increasing the population of these mice.
And also a large, graceful lynx, a beautiful fox, a shy white hare, a luxurious ermine.
Birds
On the disturbing pages of the book (not only Karelian, but also world) flew:
Some species of swans and "handsome" black grouse.
The bluetail is a bright birdie, smaller than a sparrow.
A large, diurnal, bearded owl with a one and a half meter wingspan.
Known from old Russian fairy tales, a large kilogram curlew with a curved long beak.
The capercaillie is very careless during the mating season, which is why the hunters practically exterminated the bird.
Fish
About 28 species of fish also ended up on sad pages.
The specially protected by law, of course, include sturgeon, lake salmon and whitefish. Carps, catfish and loaches are also protected. From the mass catch of sterlet, nelma, tench, sabrefish and loach, these fish also had to swim to the pages of the Red Book.
Plants
Plants cry for help from the pages of a sad book!
Openwork ferns - shield, asplenium, grapevine.
Siberian aster is a beautifully flowering ornamental culture.
Wild orchids - among them the rarest cypridin slipper.
Trees and shrubs - hazel, cotoneaster, Karelian birch.
Forest herbaceous plant of alpine tsitserbita (alpina) and rezuha.
Sundew intermediate and fragile caulinia growing in water are swamp plants.
Some medicinal herbs are the well-known St. John's wort, Rhodiola rosea (golden root), Ranunculus anemone.
butterflies
The pages of the Red Book reliably protect all those in need. But without the help of people, they will not cope! Of course, nature reserves and parks are good. Jaegers and fish supervision - not bad. But how you want ordinary people, all without exception, to love nature and take care of it!
