Grigory Alekseevich Yavlinsky. Curriculum vitae

From the very beginning

Born April 10, 1952 in Lvov (Ukraine), Russian. Father Alexei Grigoryevich was a pupil of the Makarenko colony, a participant in the war (he began serving as a private, graduated as a battery commander). After the end of the war, he returned to the same Lviv colony, where he worked for the rest of his life as an educator. (According to other sources, the father was an officer of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the head of a children's reception center). He died in 1981. Mother Vera Noevna, a teacher by training, taught chemistry at the Lvov Forest Engineering Institute. She died December 31, 1997.

Until the 9th grade, Yavlinsky studied at the elite secondary school No. 4 with an in-depth course in English. […]. Yavlinsky achieved the greatest success in the study of the English language, which was largely facilitated by his fanatical worship of the work of the English band The Beatles, which has survived to this day. Even then, under the influence of an alien culture, the cosmopolitanism of the future began to take shape. Russian politician. Imitating the youth of the West, Grisha Yavlinsky pointedly let go at school long hair. According to his own recollections, the hairstyle was so defiant that in 1964 he was caught by the people's combatants and cut off bald.

Boxing was another hobby of Yavlinsky in his youth. His highest achievement was the victory at the All-Ukrainian youth competitions in 1968 in the second welterweight. Boxing helped Grigory lead a group of teenagers, in which he participated in street fights, had several drives to the police. Boxing had to be abandoned when the coach demanded that he give up everything else for the sake of sports. The young man, who first dreamed of becoming a policeman, then a teacher and, finally, an economist, could not make such a sacrifice. Since then, Yavlinsky, when talking with an interlocutor, drops his head to one side, which, according to medical specialists, may indicate a traumatic brain injury.

In the 9th grade, Grigory moved to an evening school, "in order to get rid of" superfluous " subjects ", to earn a work experience that makes it easier to move to Moscow and enter some prestigious institute. He combined his studies with work. In 1968-1969, Yavlinsky worked as a freight forwarder at the Lvov post office, then as an apprentice electrician and instrument fitter at the Raduga glass company.

In 1969, Yavlinsky entered the Moscow Institute of National Economy. Plekhanov to the general economic faculty and moved to Moscow. At the first entrance exam, he received a three, but then he pulled himself together and passed the rest with five, gaining a passing score.

After graduating from the institute until 1976, Grigory Yavlinsky studied at the graduate school of the Minkha. Among his teachers was Academician Leonid Abalkin. Candidate's thesis on the topic "Improving the division of labor of workers in the chemical industry" for the title of candidate economic sciences defended in 1978.

From 1976 to 1977 he worked as a senior engineer at the All-Union Research Institute of Coal Industry Management.

From 1977 to 1980, he worked there as a senior research fellow.

From 1980 to 1984 - head of the sector of the Research Institute of Labor of the State Committee for Labor and Social Affairs (Goskomtrud). Since 1984 - deputy head of the department and head of the Goskomtrud.

In 1984-1985, Yavlinsky was subjected to compulsory treatment. He himself explains this fact by persecution by the "authorities" for the work "Problems of Improving the Economic Mechanism in the USSR", in which he predicted the onset of an economic crisis. The text and drafts of the book were confiscated from Yavlinsky and several times they were summoned for an interview in a special department. Further, according to Yavlinsky, in a special medical institution they tried to infect him with "tuberculosis", and then remove his lung. He was discharged from the hospital with a diagnosis of "perfectly healthy" after Mikhail Gorbachev came to power. […]

(Further on, the author of the dossier expresses his doubts about the plausibility of this "tuberculosis story" and writes, referring to "information from one of the sources, that Yavlinsky allegedly spent this time in psychiatric hospital. Indeed, the story of "tuberculosis for dissent" looks strange: as you know, dissidents in Soviet times were usually sent to psychiatric clinics, not tuberculosis clinics. By the way, among the members of the Yabloko faction there are such "victims of Soviet punitive psychiatry", as they were called at that time "enemy voices". Perhaps this is where the rumor about Yavlinsky's stay in the "psychiatric hospital" appeared. Grigory Yavlinsky himself categorically denies this. - approx. APN).

In 1986, Yavlinsky and his colleagues wrote their draft law on the state enterprise, but it was rejected by Nikolai Talyzin and Heydar Aliyev, who led the drafting of the law, as too liberal.

In the summer of 1989, Abalkin, having become deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, invited Yavlinsky to the post of head of department and at the same time secretary of the State Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on economic reform ("Abalkin's commission").

In the spring of 1990, Yavlinsky, together with young economists Alexei Mikhailov and Mikhail Zadornov, wrote a project for reforming the economy by transferring it to a market economy called "400 days". […]

Yeltsin proposed the idea of ​​this program (already called "500 days") to Gorbachev for joint implementation. On their initiative, at the end of July 1990, a working group was created under the leadership of Academician Stanislav Shatalin. She was to develop a unified union program for the transition to a market economy on the basis of "500 days". Nikolai Petrakov was appointed Shatalin's deputy, and Yavlinsky was the main author of the program.

The program met with resistance from the Council of Ministers of the USSR headed by Nikolai Ryzhkov. In October 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR practically rejected it. A key role in the rejection of "500 days" was played by the change in position of Mikhail Gorbachev, who ceased to support the program. In the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Gorbachev advocated the unification of the programs of Yavlinsky-Shatalin and the alternative program of Abalkin-Ryzhkov, which, according to both sides, was impossible.

On October 17, 1990, Yavlinsky resigned from the post of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia. Subsequently, he emphasized that the implementation of the "500 days" would make it possible to preserve the union state. In January 1991, he was appointed economic adviser to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia. Worked on a voluntary basis.

On August 28, 1991, he became Ivan Silaev's deputy as chairman of the Committee for the Operational Management of the National Economy of the USSR, responsible for economic reform.

From October to December 1991 he was a member of the Political Advisory Committee under the President of the USSR. He was also a member of the working group for the preparation of the Treaty on economic cooperation between the republics of the USSR. He sharply criticized the disavowal by the Russian government of the signature of the Minister of Economy of the RSFSR Yevgeny Saburov under the agreement on the Interstate Economic Community.

From June 1 to September 1, 1992, Yavlinsky's "EPI-Center", under an agreement with the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, worked out a regional reform program. The main measures to stabilize the economy were the issuance of regional loan bonds, which was supposed to solve the problem of lack of cash, the release of producers from non-production costs, as well as the introduction of the information system "On-line tracking of social indicators".

Yavlinsky believes that, as a result of three months of work, he managed to create the basis for the formation of a market infrastructure and make a number of proposals regarding the "new federalism" in Russia ("look for solutions not from the top down, but from the bottom up"). The results of the experiment are described in the published "EPI-Center" to the book "Nizhny Novgorod Prologue" (1993).

Yavlinsky hoped to apply his Nizhny Novgorod experience to Novosibirsk, where in October 1992 he became an economic consultant to the regional administration, and St. Petersburg, where Mayor Anatoly Sobchak invited him to develop an urban model for privatization.

In October 1993, he created his own electoral association "Block Yavlinsky - Boldyrev - Lukin", which included Russian Ambassador to the United States Vladimir Lukin, former head of the Control Directorate of the Presidential Administration of Russia Yuri Boldyrev, Nikolai Petrakov, representatives of the Republican Party of the Russian Federation RPRF, the Social Democratic parties of the Russian Federation SDPR, parties of the Russian Christian Democratic Union, New Democracy RCDU-ND, some other organizations, many employees of the "EPI-Center".

December 12, 1993 was elected to the State Duma on the bloc list. Chairman of the Yabloko faction and member of the Duma Council.

In the elections to the State Duma in 1995, he headed the list of the Yabloko electoral association, which received 4th place (6.89%).

On February 9, 1996, the Central Election Commission registered authorized representatives of the Yabloko Association, which nominated Yavlinsky for the presidency of the Russian Federation. In the first round of the presidential elections on June 16, 1996, Yavlinsky received 5,550,710 votes, or 7.41% (fourth place). On the eve of the second round, he called not to vote for Zyuganov, but he did not come out with a direct recommendation to his supporters to vote for Yeltsin - which was expected and demanded of him by the Yeltsinists.

Political landmarks and connections

One of the main financial structures with which Yavlinsky is directly connected is the Most group and its head Vladimir Gusinsky personally. At least since 1991, when the Inter-Republican Center for Economic and Political Research ("EPI-Center") was created by a small group of Yavlinsky, the material support of the latter by Gusinsky began. Direct proof of this is the fact that EPI-Center occupied space in the building of the Moscow mayor's office on Novy Arbat, for which Most-Bank paid for the rent.

In all election campaigns, Gusinsky's commercial structures acted as Yavlinsky's official sponsors. Grigory is constantly promoted on television channels and in the media of the Media-Most holding.

The key figure who provided "foreign policy" support for the activities of the Most group was Sergey Aleksandrovich Zverev, who headed the Directorate for information and analytical support of the bank's work, advertising and public relations and was the first deputy chairman of the board of the Most group. Earlier Zverev S.A. worked as an assistant (or press secretary) to G. Yavlinsky and maintained a close partnership with the latter. Zverev has a large number of connections among politicians, economists, employees of the Council of Ministers, the media, television, etc. At present, having left the post of Deputy Chairman of the Board of RAO GAZPROM, he is Primakov's adviser (in T. Kolesnichenko's group).

Based on the foregoing, it is clear that Yavlinsky cannot afford to make any critical remarks about Moscow Mayor Luzhkov, who is traditionally closely associated with the Most group. The privatization program for Moscow was written by Yavlinsky, he presented it. It is also interesting that despite the desire of party members to take part in the election of the Moscow mayor, Yabloko did not nominate anyone.

Grigory Yavlinsky is extremely negative about Gaidar. At one time, he, already in charge of the social development department of the State Committee for Labor in the rank of a "rising star" under the government of Nikolai Ryzhkov, was sent to write a general report with Gaidar, an economist from Gorbachev's Kommunist magazine, where they, in fact, met. Yegor Timurovich was well received by Mikhail Sergeevich, but for some reason he did not introduce his comrade-in-arms and at that time like-minded person to the General Secretary, although Yavlinsky suggested himself. In the future, their relationship became even more complicated, when a year later, with the entry of Abalkin into the government, the career of a candidate of sciences, according to Gaidar, "suffering from obvious flaws in his economic education," went uphill, and Yavlinsky headed the consolidated department of the commission on economic reform. And Gaidar was transferred only to Pravda.

One expert believes that Yavlinsky's attitude towards Anatoly Chubais is extremely negative, if only because Chubais worked in the "party of power" and Yavlinsky worked in the democratic opposition. Since Chubais was for a long time the most talented person in the "party of power", this irritates Yavlinsky greatly. And although he did not allow himself personal attacks on Chubais, he really constantly put spokes in his wheels in parliamentary debates on the budget and the Tax Code.

Another former assistant of Grigory Alekseevich - M. Kozhokin, now - Chief Editor newspaper "Izvestia", was a member of the management of ONEXIMbank. His brother E. Kozhokin is the chairman of the commission on defense and security of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR at the time of M. Gorbachev, and now the director of the Russian Institute for Strategic Studies.

The nominee of the Yabloko party is Nikolai Troshkin, head of the Duma apparatus, who gave the Yabloko leader a saber on behalf of the Duma on his 45th birthday.

Who especially loves Yavlinsky is foreigners, however, and he them. So, speaking in Washington, at a conference of administrators and lobbyists of the RS-RFE (Radio Liberty), after a story about how his grandfather and dad listened to Svoboda, he stunned the audience by declaring: “Now the level of lies in Russia is incredibly high , and the role of Radio Liberty is therefore more significant than ever before." For such warm words, Savik Shuster, director of the Moscow editorial office, turned Svoboda into a propaganda organ for Grigory Yavlinsky.

But Gregory is not only friends with the Americans. He developed warm relations with Japan. As far back as 1991, G. Yavlinsky stated with all certainty in Tokyo: "Four islands - Shikotan, Habomai, Iturup and Kunashir should be returned to Japan." After that, Japan for a long time propagandized Yavlinsky as the main candidate for the Russian presidency.

The Yabloko movement has a number of its own publications. The newspaper of the Association "Yabloko" is called "Yabloko Rossii". It is published once a week with a circulation of 30,000 copies. There are also regional newspapers: in Murmansk - "Open Newspaper", in Belgorod - "Apple Garden", in Chelyabinsk - "Yablochko". Plus, Yabloko is releasing a library - a series of brochures on a variety of problems Russian life. Unlike the Liberal Democratic Party, Yabloko works specifically for its supporters. There are no subscribers at all.

500 days of Yavlinsky

The "Abalkin Commission" became for Grigory Alekseevich a launching pad into big politics. As part of this "commission," Yavlinsky, for the first time in his life, independently prepared a project for the economic reforms of the USSR. Prior to this, the most serious theoretical work of the economist was "Qualification directory of positions of employees of the coal industry for mines and cuts" (1977). Yavlinsky's project of economic reforms was rejected by the "Abalkin commission" due to the author's incompetence.

A year before this epoch-making event, Yavlinsky met Gaidar. The first was instructed to write a report for Ryzhkov, and the second worked at that time in Gorbachev's journal Kommunist and was supposed to help Grigory Alekseevich. Yavlinsky himself chose Gaidar as his assistant, since he was a good friend of Mikhail Sergeevich. However, Gaidar refused to introduce Yavlinsky to General Secretary. And they dispersed: Yavlinsky - to the "Abalkin Commission", Gaidar - to the newspaper "Pravda".

Offended, Yegor Timurovich then declared that Grigory Alekseevich "suffers from obvious flaws in his economic education." Gaidar, oddly enough, told the truth (perhaps the only time in his life. - "!").

Yavlinsky's economic illiteracy later, while working on the 500 Days program, will become apparent to many. Yavlinsky's co-authors on the program, Zadornov and Mikhailov, chuckled among themselves over the fact that Grigory Alekseevich always had textbooks on economics with bookmarks on various pages on his desk.

To Yavlinsky's credit, it must be admitted that he himself was well aware of this shortcoming of his. Yavlinsky wrote off his project of economic reforms, rejected by the "Abalkin Commission", from a book on the Japanese experience of reforming the economy.

On the eve of Grigory Alekseevich's failed attempt to become the father of Russian reforms, another key event occurred for Yavlinsky's career. Two young economists, Mikhail Zadornov and Alexei Mikhailov, wrote devastating remarks on the USSR state budget for 1989. They conveyed their comments to Ryzhkov through the chairman of the Supreme Soviet, Mikhail Bocharov.

Ryzhkov read the paper and put it under the cloth, and Bocharov "received" the Butek concern for his silence. It must be said here that Zadornov, before he was politically annulled, was considered an excellent macroeconomist. The future head of the World Bank, James Wolfensohn, called Zadornov none other than the future Minister of Finance.

The offended Yavlinsky met with the offended Mikhailov and Zadornov. The three of them combined their developments in a month and a half by means of a simple compilation. This is how the 400 Days program was born. The authors repeated the previous mistake - they gave "400 days" to Mikhail Bocharov, who read it out at the Supreme Council as his own.

Here Yavlinsky really showed his fighting qualities. Bocharov was forced to admit that he was not the author of the 400 Days program. It is difficult to say how this scandalous story would have ended (most likely, nothing. - "!"), If not for the Novo-Ogaryovo process.

It was simply impossible to abolish the Central Committee of the CPSU. Yeltsin had to tear Gorbachev away from the Politburo and win over the republican barons to his side. To do this, it was necessary to intercept the ideological leadership in the reforms.

Immediately after the scandal with Bocharov, Yeltsin met with Yavlinsky. A government decision was made to develop the "500 Days" program. Yavlinsky was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR and Chairman of the State Commission for Economic Reform. Abalkin and Pavlov developed an alternative allied program.

The program "500 days" was written in 27 days. In addition to Yavlinsky, Zadornov and Mikhailov, the development team included Yasin, Aven, Fedorov and others. We wrote the program while sitting in Arkhangelsk. According to the recollections of the participants, laughter and jokes reigned in Arkhangelsk all this time. None of the authors of the program believed in the seriousness of their work. Nobody - except Yavlinsky.

When the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, at the suggestion of Gorbachev, rejected the "500 days", Yeltsin announced that Russia would carry out the program alone, without the union republics. Which is exactly what was required. The Moor has done his job, the Moor can go.

In October 1990, Yavlinsky resigned from his post as deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR. A month later, Grigory Alekseevich created and headed the first non-profit organization - the Center for Economic and Political Research ("EPI-Center")

At first, "EPI-Center" was located in the White House, and a year later it moved to the City Hall building. From that moment began a long cooperation "with interest" between Yavlinsky and Gusinsky. And Yavlinsky's press secretary, Sergei Zverev, who never concealed the fact that his dream is a large office and a car with a driver, headed the Directorate for Information and Analytical Support for the work of MOST-Bank.

After the Council of Ministers and the noise around the 500 Days program, Yavlinsky fell ill with "power" and "glory." The programs "400 days" and "500 days" posted today on the website have been finalized taking into account the moment. In particular, the authors are removed from the covers of programs and hidden at the end of the text. Everyone knows that these programs were developed by Grigory Alekseevich Yavlinsky.

Family, hobbies

He met his wife Elena while studying at the institute. After graduating from the university, the wife worked at the Research Institute "Giprouglemash". When her sons were born, she took up their education. The eldest son Mikhail recently graduated from the physics department of Moscow State University. But he does not work in his specialty - he went into journalism, collaborates freelance with various publications, composes music. The youngest son Alexei (born 81) graduated from a prestigious Moscow gymnasium on Kutuzovsky Prospekt.

Yavlinsky spends most of his free time from politics with his family. His hobby is "chatting with friends". (“At parties, he used to talk about the combination of production factors,” recalls his college friend).

Yavlinsky loves Andrey Bitov's prose, prefers Tarkovsky in cinema.
According to colleagues, the leader of Yabloko is a great master of the speech genre, he knows a lot of jokes. Sometimes it is called "Zhirinovsky for the intelligentsia."

According to Yavlinsky himself, he does not pay much attention to his appearance. She buys clothes wherever she wants. Likes whiskey. […]

But according to experts, Yabloko leader Grigory Yavlinsky refers to his appearance. Before the TV broadcast, his assistants will find out if the film crew has a good make-up artist, what kind of lighting is in the studio. For example, on the program of Vladimir Pozner "Times" there is a very bright cold light. And if you miss with makeup, the guest of the studio may look like a dead man.

They say that when they make him up, he always asks to “remove” the blue under his eyes. Make-up artists are more concerned about his eye bags, which are harder to hide. Once Yavlinsky was even advised to resort to a facelift. We cannot say that the leader of Yabloko followed the advice, but in his pre-election photographs two years ago, the bags have become much smaller. And in recent times increased again.

Boxer Yavlinsky: cases of use of force

Grigory Yavlinsky periodically defiantly recalls his boxing past in political debates. He likes to demonstrate knowledge of prison jargon in a narrow circle, flaunts it. Only two cases are more or less accurately known when Grigory Alekseevich managed to show off his fighting qualities.

Grigory Yavlinsky himself told his colleagues in compiling the 500 Days program about the first case. In 1990, the Ryzhkov-Abalkin and Shatalin-Yavlinsky groups competed for the right to draw up an economic program for Gorbachev (on the Yabloko website - Yavlinsky-Shatalin. - "!").

During one of the meetings, according to Grigory Alekseevich, Finance Minister Pavlov approached him and advised him not to bury himself with the 500 Days program. To this, Yavlinsky replied that he was a boxer, and hit Pavlov in the liver. Then the latter staggered and fell on the cabinet.

The second incident occurred in front of many witnesses. When leaving the entrance of the White House, Grigory Alekseevich approached one of the demonstrators who periodically stand there, with an anti-Semitic slogan in his hands. Coming close, Yavlinsky said loudly: "I'll punch you in the face," and began to stare at the demonstrator.

Grigory Alekseevich's appearance, it must be said, was very formidable. A policeman was forced to jump out of the checkpoint and take Yavlinsky aside in order to avoid a massacre.

Berezovsky and Abramovich bought Yavlinsky with Yabloko

January 22, 2000, after the victory of "Unity" in the Duma elections, Boris Berezovsky in the author's program of Sergei Dorenko mocked his political opponents. Everyone got it. But he singled out Grigory Yavlinsky in particular.

On the air, Berezovsky literally stated the following: “On the eve of the vote in the Duma to impeach Yeltsin, Yavlinsky ran to the Kremlin with the question of how to vote for Yabloko. Later, on the sidelines, Boris Abramovich boasted that he and Abramovich bought Yavlinsky for $ 5 million, so that he does not withdraw his candidacy from the presidential elections.

On January 31, US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright arrived in Moscow. The next day she met with Primakov and Yavlinsky, and only a day later - with Putin.

The purpose of Madeleine Albright's unexpected visit to Moscow is to persuade Yavlinsky and Primakov to withdraw their candidacies from the presidential elections, to leave Putin alone with Zyuganov, and thereby endanger the elections. On February 4, Primakov withdrew his candidacy, but Yavlinsky did not.

The Yabloko party and Yavlinsky live on the money of the "killers"
History with Legkprombank

The infamous Legprombank generously financed a number of dubious election campaigns. According to various estimates, Legprombank invested up to $20 million in G. Yavlinsky's presidential campaign alone, which, according to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, is "a deal that does not make obvious economic sense."

Even the FSB of Russia took up an in-depth study of the activities of the owners of the commercial bank "Legprombank"

The reason for the investigation was an incident that occurred in early April 2001 in Tula. As reported, a group of people close to Andrei Samoshin, a candidate for the post of governor of the Tula region, broke into the building of the regional election commission and almost started a pogrom there. As it turned out, among the exalted supporters of Samoshin were the owners of Legprombank Andrey Drobinin, Evgeny Yankovsky and Alexander Dunaev. On the fact of obstructing the work of the election commission, a criminal case was initiated, which is under the jurisdiction of the FSB of the Russian Federation.

Evidence of Yavlinsky's connection with Legprombank is the campaign headquarters of the Yabloko leader, located in the same 2001 in the building of Legprombank on Zubovsky Boulevard in Moscow. According to the source, along with Drobinin, Yankovsky and Dunaev, who "checked in" in Tula, the co-owners of the bank are structures close to the former Deputy Minister of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy Alexander Belosokhov, who died under unclear circumstances in early 2000. The ex-president of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev is also among the bank's partners.

In 2001, Grigory Yavlinsky could become a witness in the murder case of Sergei Balashov, deputy prefect of the Western District of Moscow.

The subject of the investigation was the conflict over the outstanding debt of the Suprimex commercial bank, which went bankrupt in 1997, to the prefecture of ZAO. It cannot be ruled out that it was an attempt to settle an old debt that could cost Balashov his life. At the same time, as it became known, businessman Andrei Drobinin, who previously controlled the Suprimex bank, in 1999 became not only the main financial manager of Yabloko, but also the de facto head of Grigory Yavlinsky's presidential campaign. The investigation is studying the version that the funds of the clients of Suprimex and Legprombank, another financial institution controlled by Drobinin, are the basis of Yabloko's stability and prosperity today.

In the field of view of the investigating authorities is also information about the ties of the former owners of the Suprimex bank and the current shareholders of Legprombank with the Solntsevo and Kazan financial and industrial groups.

A little about Drobinin (the man on whose money Yavlinsky and his party live)

The liquidation mechanism was simple, like all genius. First, the "killer" takes control of most of the financial flows and pushes the majority of shareholders out of real control. Then some friendly or partner structure pumps a substantial amount of money into the bank as a loan and, as it were, puts it on a financial needle. After that, the money is suddenly withdrawn, the bank is unable to pay its obligations and is declared bankrupt. However, before that, the "killer" with the cover group manages to withdraw most of the assets from him. According to the statements of the lawyers of the current shareholders of Legprombank to the prosecutor's office, in the case of Suprimex-Bank, the main assets were formed at the expense of the ASKO insurance company acquired on the occasion. After the accumulation of funds in bank accounts, they disappear, external management is introduced at Suprimex, and Mr. Drobinin with a light heart moves to the RossIta bank, whose main client was the Diplomatic Corps Service Department (UPDC). "RossIta" soon repeated the fate of "Supremeks-Bank", the fate of the money UPDC - and this is 800 million rubles - is still unknown.

It is clear that for all the genius of Mr. Drobinin, he still could not cope alone. As for assistants in these operations, there are different opinions. Lawyers for the shareholders of Legprombank, Zinoviev and Kireev, as well as the largest shareholder of the bank, Yevgeny Yankovsky, in their statements claim that Kazan brothers helped him to gain positions in banks, he also had good connections in law enforcement agencies, and hint at a mutually beneficial partnership with officials of the Central Bank, in particular, its territorial administration for Moscow. Thus, in their appeal to the State Duma, the members of the board of directors of Legprombank report that last year, Drobinin, due to his stormy activities, came into conflict with the general director of the insurance company ASKO, Sergei Pakhomov. The denouement was unexpected: one fine day, Pakhomov was detained by employees of the TsRUBOP, led by a certain Colonel Ignatov, and they found a pistol in his possession. It is curious that the pistol was without a clip, but with a cartridge in the chamber. Nevertheless, a criminal case was initiated, and it would have been bad for the detainee if Ignatov and his comrades had not soon been caught in a similar "special operation", and the Moscow prosecutor's office opened criminal case # 23507 against them. In the course of the investigation, the role of Drobinin in the action against Pakhomov became clear, but this did not have any serious consequences for our hero.

Even more strange is the behavior of law enforcement agencies in the investigation of the attack on the building of the Tula regional administration during the election campaign. This rare impudence action was broadcast throughout the country. According to the online edition of APN. ru, strong young people who arrived on a caravan of foreign cars from the capital and declared themselves supporters of the candidate for governor Samoshin, broke into the building of the regional administration and launched a mental attack on the election commission. The aforementioned Farid Valeev appeared among the attackers. The criminal case under article 141 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation was initiated by the FSB, and in the course of the investigation, the figure of our hero again surfaced. But he turned out to be too tough for the Chekists ...

The Yabloko party seized Shevardnadze's dacha to prevent the arrest of its occupant

38-year-old State Duma deputy, member of the Yabloko faction Alexei Melnikov became the owner of the most exotic public reception room in the history of Russian parliamentarism. The deputy uses the state residence "Kalchuga-2" (Rublyovo-Uspenskoe highway, Odintsovo district of the Moscow region) as a reception room, where the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Eduard Shevardnadze once lived and worked. This was reported to APN by a source in the Russian special services.

The scale of Aleksey Melnikov's deputy activity is capable of striking even the most sophisticated imagination. The public reception room of the prominent "Yabloko" is spread over an area of ​​8 hectares and consists of the main building with an area of ​​1862 square meters. m., as well as three auxiliary buildings with an area of ​​more than 400 sq.m. each. In order to meet Melnikov's urgent needs, the public reception area includes, in particular, a swimming pool, a greenhouse and a garage for 8 cars. Obviously, the former senior researcher at the legendary EPI Center Melnikov, who is considered one of the closest associates of Yabloko leader Grigory Yavlinsky, decided to organize a mass reception of the cream of his electorate - the oligarchs and other residents of Rublyovka who are hungry for the most honest politics.

However, according to the source, Melnikov's public reception is used by only one voter, namely the sponsor of Yabloko, the actual owner of CB Legprombank Andrei Drobinin, whose exploits APN has repeatedly told readers about. In the residence "Kalchuga-2", which is considered an inviolable parliamentary territory, Drobinin, seen in his involvement in many violations of the law, is hiding from interrogations, arrests and searches. Not later than at the end of September, representatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs wanted to search Drobinin's home - and faced an insurmountable rebuff from Yabloko and the federal law "On Immunity".

Another public office of Alexei Melnikov is located in the main building of Legprombank on Zubovsky Boulevard. In the same place, there are inviolable offices of deputies - members of the "Generation of Freedom" movement: Andrey Wulf, Vladimir Semenov and Vladimir Koptev-Dvornikov. According to an APN source, all these deputies actually work as custodians of secret documents of their sponsor and his authoritative partner, well-known businessman Umar Dzhabrailov.

Joint work in the interests of Andrey Drobinin has rallied Yabloko and Generation of Freedom so much that in the near future we can talk about uniting these two political structures. So that the conscience of the nation, Grigory Alekseevich Yavlinsky, once again does not take offense at the APN and does not complain that he was slandered, we publish rare documents that shed light on Yabloko's activities in harboring persons with a specific reputation.

We cannot yet say that non-political orgies with the personal participation of Grigory Yavlinsky are held from time to time in the Kalchuga-2 residence. But there are such suspicions.

How Yavlinsky and Yabloko hid Drobinin from justice can be understood from these

Yavlinsky was registered in a psychoneurological dispensary

The leader of the Yabloko party, Grigory Yavlinsky, has been registered in a neuropsychiatric dispensary for a number of years. This was announced by a source in the apparatus of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

According to the source, doctors had doubts about the mental health of the future presidential candidate in those years when Yavlinsky was actively involved in boxing. Certain features of the difficult character of the young boxer were already evident then. How the treatment of an outstanding public figure went and how it ended (and whether it ended) has not yet been reported.

Recently, Yavlinsky has given up alcohol and switched to "boys"

Yavlinsky Grisha fell into the cage After all, Vanya, the most important thing in our country is to get somewhere. Got it - you won't fall out again. In addition, the Tseraushniks, of course, were aware of Grisha's inclination to drink. And this is the most important, Vanya, criterion of "selection" for the role of the destroyer of Russia. Those who have this kind of weakness are very easy to control. Yeltsin, after all, was also a drunkard. He even had a nickname in the Urals - "double-barreled". What it is? The man takes two bottles of vodka in both hands, brings them to his mouth and drinks from the throat from these two "trunks". Can you imagine how "hardened" you have to be? This is not khukhry-muhry for you. Here you need training and a special predisposition to vodka. Just like that, not everyone can do such a “double-barreled shotgun” from the bay. I think so, out of 100 drunks - one or two, no more.

Grigory Alekseevich could not shoot from a "double-barreled shotgun". But he could easily drink it for a week or two. And then, my brothers, do what you want with the "promising" one. Later, already in the Duma, Grisha could show up at two or three in the morning at entrance number 3 in Okhotny Ryad, and not just one, but with two or three young ladies, and be indignant to the point of scuffle, why is it him, the leader of Russian democracy, some A lousy ensign won't let you into your own office. It is not in vain that they say that the most fertile material for the intelligence of the whole world is homosexuals, lesbians and alcoholics.

Evil tongues say that recently Grisha has given up alcohol and switched to “boys”. I do not vouch for the accuracy of the information. Selling what I bought for.

Yavlinsky agitates for Maskhadov

On February 12, 2000, Grigory Yavlinsky gave an interview to Sergey Dorenko's program in the person of Mr. Dorenko. Among other things, he said.

Yavlinsky: "I am grateful to you for the question about the development of events in Chechnya. I believe that a completely critical moment is again coming in Chechnya, and I would like to tell you that a large group of people has prepared a detailed plan for resolving the situation in Chechnya. And I hope at the very hand over this plan, explaining it in detail, to the acting president as soon as possible. I think this is as important now, if not more, than ever before."

Here, of course, the question arose: if we are talking about a settlement, then this is clearly not about shooting. And that with someone it is necessary to agree. That is, that it is necessary to move from war to the destruction of specific militants, not to touch the inhabitants and negotiate with someone. That is, the first step is to find negotiators from the other side. That is, Yavlinsky has them in mind.

In general, Yavlinsky has a very strange PR. Having even quite logical constructions in mind, as a first step towards their publication, he gives out such voice acting that everyone immediately begins to be perplexed, after which they immediately roll the idea over logs. Usually - to such an extent that further attempts by "Yabloko" to talk about the idea in all its logical consistency and even pragmatism do not decisively lead to anything.

So, in connection with the idea of ​​political steps in Chechnya, the reaction of society was not slow to arise. What a society! Even Maxim Yuryevich Sokolov reacted to this idea;

"... Much more respect is caused by the determination with which G.A. Yavlinsky cut the Gordian knot, which brings such trouble to the supporters of peace at any cost. The call to start negotiations all the time encounters the objection that the negotiating partner must be: a) capable of negotiating ; b) having real power. And where can one get such a thing? From now on, the torment of the pacifists has come to an end, because in response to the modest objection of the Gishpan: "They say that there is no one to negotiate with" - G. A. Yavlinsky gave a brilliant answer: "I know with by whom".

Most likely, the well-known economist established direct contact with the "hidden imam", who, according to Muslim doctrine, will appear on the eve of the Last Judgment and will be a person both very powerful and (by assumption) capable of negotiating. Skeptics may note that it is not clear whether the imam will want to negotiate with G.A. Yavlinsky. They do not take into account the mystical features of the personality of the negotiator himself, who pointed out: "If it is necessary for Yabloko to become the conscience of Russia, it will be it."

Until now, it was believed that the desire of a subject to become a national conscience is not yet a sufficient reason for those who wished to become a conscience to immediately become it - special gifts of grace are needed that depend not on the will of the subject-applicant, but solely on the source of grace . Judging by the unshakable confidence of G.A. Yavlinsky that there will be no problems with grace, a messiah, the Son of the Living God, descended on our sinful earth - and why shouldn’t the messiah come to an agreement with the hidden imam on all issues to be settled?

Yavlinsky, on the other hand, began to explain his idea, regardless of M.Yu. Sokolov. Here are excerpts concerning Chechnya from his interview to the Vesti program (February 19, 2000).

Vesti: Grigory Alekseevich, one more question. On a completely different topic - Chechnya. You have repeatedly said that it is simply impossible to keep peace in this republic only on the bayonets of our soldiers. The question of a leader to rely on federal center. Now several names have appeared at once: Gantamirov, Saidullaev, Kadyrov. Which of them, in your opinion, is the optimal figure?

G.Ya. Today (2000) the situation in Chechnya is developing in such a way that it is possible to start negotiations with everyone who recognizes the integrity of Russia and recognizes Chechnya as part of Russia.

News: Excuse me...

G.Ya. And the wider the circle at the beginning of negotiations, the more accurate the decisions will be.

Vesti: Grigory Alekseevich, could you still decipher your words? Who are you talking about when you call "everyone who is ready to recognize Russia"? Is Aslan Maskhadov included in this list?

G.Ya. I'll decode it now. All the names you named, in the event that these people are ready to recognize Chechnya as part of Russia, and the integrity of the Russian Federation, and its Constitution, can be partners in the negotiations.

Vesti: Well, Gantamirov, Kadyrov and Saidullaev, in fact, never denied this. There is, as they say, the opposite side - this is Maskhadov and already field commanders, about whom you never spoke. But you spoke about Maskhadov as a possible potential partner in the negotiations.

G.Ya. Yes, I'm ready to do it again.

Vesti: Do you consider it as such at the moment?

G.Ya. Yes, I'm ready to repeat this once again - if Maskhadov is ready to recognize the Russian Constitution, the integrity of Russia, Chechnya as part of Russia - yes, we can negotiate with him.

Apparently, M.Yu.Sokolov's reasoning about some mysticism inherent in Mr. Yavlinsky is absolutely fair. For the reason that in response to the invocation of the spirit of Maskhadov, the spirit of Maskhadov, who had been in God knows where for the last couple of months, responded. Specifically, Dmitry Volchek, Radio Liberty.

Here is what Maskhadov thinks: "... If, for example, Putin were more far-sighted, he would not wait for this day, but, on the contrary, would please the Russians that he solved the Chechen problem; one must not kill Chechens, or "wet "them, as he says, but to solve this problem, and to solve it in favor of Russia too. I believe that Putin (just like Yeltsin at one time, the Grachevs) are being deceived today by the Sergeyevs and Shamanovs. Again they report: "By storm they took the height, hoisted the banner, one federal died. "This is a lie. These Heroes of Russia will not tell you anything smart, because in the end Putin will be the switchman, at least in front of Russian mothers. The smartest thing that could be done today, - to come to some option - this is Yavlinsky's option: the security of Russia and the right to life of the people of Chechnya.

Thus, Aslan Maskhadov supported Grigory Yavlinsky.

Yavlinsky bought his son a house in central London

The openness of English society makes it possible to learn about the state of affairs of any citizen, so the law firm CMS Cameron McKennas, at the request of the correspondents of the newspaper Zhizn, provided details regarding the property and bank accounts of the sons of Grigory Yavlinsky - approx. ed.]

The sons of Grigory Yavlinsky, Mikhail and Alexei, have been living in London for a long time. The elder Mikhail Smotryaev (now he bears his mother's surname) works as a correspondent for Radio Liberty, writes articles about life in the United Kingdom. A few years ago, he bought a house in one of the most prestigious areas of London. According to information provided by the law firm CMS Cameron McKennas regarding the property and bank accounts of the sons of Grigory Yavlinsky, they turned out to be quite wealthy people, not everyone has funds in an account in one of the most reputable British banks, Barclays Bank. By the way, without a certificate of the state of a personal account, a resident of Britain cannot even rent an apartment on the usual terms of monthly payment, not to mention buying a house.

What the Yavlinsky house looks like can be judged from the photograph provided by the British. This is a typical house for a wealthy European, many prominent British politicians live in similar ones. Of course, it cannot be compared with palaces. Russian oligarchs and modest civil servants built in the suburbs. The house is located in one of the most respectable areas in the southeast of the British capital. Judging by Moscow standards, this is within the Garden Ring. A similar house in London is not cheap - from 250 to 450 thousand pounds, in terms of dollars it is from 400 to 700 thousand dollars.

An extract from the land register confirms that Mikhail Smotryaev is the owner of a house in London on Derby Hill Street in the Forest Hill area. The fact that the young journalist cannot have his own funds to buy real estate in the center of London is obvious. Another thing raises questions, whether Grigory Alekseevich himself, like Berezovsky, was going to leave Russia forever and settle on a quiet island far from political storms.

The sponsor accused Yavlinsky of lying
Leonid Nevzlin: "How can a serious politician count on the trust of his voters, not shunning outright lies?" (material from 2007)

I am reading an interview with Yavlinsky. Good interview. Substantial, fundamental. And there is nothing to catch. In addition to the fact of lying:

And what are your relations now with the heirs of Yukos, with Leonid Nevzlin?

None. I know Nevzlin, but we only had relations with Khodorkovsky - he supported us for a year and a half.

The fact is that the decision to support Yavlinsky was made jointly by Khodorkovsky and me.

Moreover, the efforts were distributed in such a way that it was I who was responsible for interaction with Yabloko.

Those. Yavlinsky had to communicate both with me and with MBH.

Life.ru found out that many representatives of Russian political parties, who declare in their programs that “capital flight” is not allowed abroad, have their own, completely foreign and even very elite property. At the same time, the owners of overseas real estate are not ordinary party functionaries, but relatives of the first party officials.

The family of Grigory Yavlinsky, now an informal leader, and earlier the chairman of the Yabloko party, got into the focus of special attention of the press. In particular, it turned out that the youngest son of Grigory Alekseevich, Alexei Yavlinsky, owns an apartment in an elite area of ​​London, which can cost from five hundred thousand to one and a half million pounds sterling.

The apartment is located less than four kilometers from Buckingham Palace and Westminster Abbey in a luxury residential complex. Aleksey Yavlinsky also heads a certain company, Behold Research Limited, whose authorized capital, however, is only one hundred pounds.

The network community, in connection with the Yavlinsky family real estate, has already remembered the 500 Days program for the decommunization of the Russian economy, which Grigory Alekseevich promoted in the nineties, and his Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-2 projects, the essence of which was to give Sakhalin oil to foreign companies, British and American, and then buy it at the market price, and even his theses that it would be good to give the Kuriles to Japan.

Well, it seems like, here, for his activities in the nineties, the brave politician nevertheless received his award in the form of an elite apartment. However, here it is worth saying that if he received it, then much earlier.

The fact is that the eldest son of Grigory Alekseevich, Mikhail Grigoryevich Smotryaev, also lives in London and owns a whole house. The house, by the way, is also located in a prestigious location in London, on Derby Hill Street in the Forest Hill area. In 2003, the cost of such housing was estimated at 250 to 450 thousand pounds. Now multiply by two, or even by three. The house is not bad, two-story, in general, excellent housing for a respectable gentleman. So the “reward” found the hero much earlier.

At the same time, it is clear that the children of Yavlinsky themselves in London would not be able to earn money for such housing. One of them is a journalist by profession, the second was engaged in consulting. In general, typical "blue collar". Hence the conclusion: dad helped with real estate. But where does the "honest politician" and fighter for "solidarity of the rich and the poor" get such means and opportunities - this is a very interesting question.

In general, if we move away from the footage, amounts and social geography of London, then about Grigory Yavlinsky himself there are questions of a purely psychological nature. This is what a person thought when he bought this very housing, left it as “family assets”, but at the same time campaigned for some kind of “social liberalism”. What will people swallow, what will they not dig up? What is the secret that will not be revealed?

In general, our non-systemic liberals and oppositionists of the “old formation”, who came out of the nineties, live in some kind of their own world, where the more impudently and clumsily you lie to people, the more respectable and popular you seem to be. But this is such a bizarre distortion of perception that one should probably contact the appropriate specialists in the field of psychiatry.

At the same time, nothing bothers Grigory Alekseevich. Materials about the foreign property of his family are in the public domain. From the beginning of the 2000s, everyone can read about the house of the eldest son completely freely. And he keeps telling the voters how he is against the export of capital from the country, how he is for social justice and "equal opportunities for all."

It’s just even interesting, having what “equal” opportunities for all citizens of our country Grigory Alekseevich has put his children in such a way, providing them with a comfortable and even luxurious existence?

Grigory Alekseevich Yavlinsky
Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Operational Management of the National Economy of the USSR August 24, 1991 - October 2, 1991
Party: CPSU (1985-1991), Yabloko (1993-present)
Education: Moscow Institute of National Economy. G.V. Plekhanov
Academic degree: Doctor of Economic Sciences
Religion: Orthodoxy
Birth: 10 April 1952
Lvov, Ukrainian SSR, USSR

Grigory Alekseevich Yavlinsky(April 10, 1952, Lvov, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) - Soviet and Russian politician, economist, leader of the electoral bloc " Yavlinsky- Boldyrev - Lukin "(since 1993), founder of the public association (since 1995) and the political party "Yabloko" (since 2001), head of the mentioned organizations in 1993-2008. Head of the Yabloko faction in the State Duma of Russia of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd convocations. Candidate for President of Russia in 1996 and 2000. Doctor of Economic Sciences.

Parents, childhood and youth of Grigory Yavlinsky

Father of Grigory Yavlinsky- Alexey Grigorievich Yavlinsky(1919(?)-1981, exact date of birth unknown). The passport indicated the year 1919, but the brothers said that he could have been born in 1912, and in 1917, and 1919 ...
During the Civil War, he lost his parents, in the 1930s he was brought up in the commune-colony of Anton Semyonovich Makarenko in Kharkov.

Member of the Great Patriotic War. In the army since February 1942. He was the battery commander of the artillery regiment of the 333rd Guards Mountain Rifle Order of the Red Banner of the Turkestan Division. He fought in the North Caucasus, as part of the 52nd Separate Primorsky Army participated in the Kerch landing, liberated the Crimea, Ukraine, Czechoslovakia. He finished the war as a senior lieutenant in the city of Vysoké Tatry (Czechoslovakia).
He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, the Order of the Red Star, the medal "For Military Merit".
In 1947 he married and settled in Lvov, where he graduated in absentia from the Faculty of History of the Lvov Pedagogical Institute and the Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
He worked in the system of children's corrective labor and educational institutions.
Grigory Yavlinsky's mother- Vera Naumovna, was born in 1924 in Kharkov. By nationality - Jewish. Immediately after the war, she moved with her family to Lvov from Tashkent, where the family lived in evacuation. Graduated with honors from the Faculty of Chemistry of Lviv University. She taught chemistry at the institute. Grigory Yavlinsky's parents buried in Lvov.

Choice of children's hobbies Grigory Yavlinsky largely influenced by his father's memories of great attention to physical culture and sports in the commune. Dzerzhinsky, where, in particular, boxing was in high esteem. These classes helped the graduates of the commune noticeably both in their subsequent labor activity and during the years of war hard times.

From 1964 to 1969 Grigory Yavlinsky I was an amateur boxer. Twice became the champion of Ukraine in boxing among juniors in the second welterweight.
After graduating from the evening school for working youth, in 1969 he entered the Moscow Institute of National Economy. G.V. Plekhanov to the general economic faculty with a degree in labor economics.

In 1973 Grigory Yavlinsky graduated from the institute, in 1976 - postgraduate study.
In addition to the Russian language Grigory Yavlinsky also speaks English and Ukrainian.

Labor activity of Grigory Yavlinsky in the USSR

1976-1977 - All-Union Research Institute of Coal Industry Management (VNIUugol).
Since 1980 Grigory Yavlinsky- Head of the heavy industry sector of the Labor Research Institute of the State Committee for Labor and Social Affairs.
Since 1984 Grigory Yavlinsky- Deputy Head of the Consolidated Department, then Head of the Department of Social Development and Population of the State Committee for Labor and Social Affairs.
From 1985 to August 20, 1991 Grigory Yavlinsky was in the CPSU.

Since 1989 Grigory Yavlinsky- Head of the Consolidated Economic Department of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
Since 2005 Grigory Yavlinsky- Professor of the National research university- Higher School of Economics (in Russia).

Participation of Grigory Yavlinsky in the development of economic reforms (1990)

Together with Mikhail Zadornov and Alexei Mikhailov, they are working on the 400 Days of Trust project for reforming the USSR economy. Later, this program, called "500 days", was proposed to Boris Yeltsin, then Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, as a program to reform the Russian economy. An agreement is reached between the leadership of Russia and the USSR on the development of joint measures to carry out economic reforms in the USSR on the basis of the 500 Days program, and a working group for the development of programs is being created. The group is led by Academician Stanislav Shatalin and Grigory Yavlinsky.

Grigory Yavlinsky appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR and Chairman of the State Commission for Economic Reform. By September 1, 1990, the program of Grigory Alekseevich Yavlinsky "500 days" and 20 draft laws for it were prepared, approved by the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR and submitted to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

At the same time, on behalf of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Nikolai Ryzhkov, an alternative project was being developed - "Main Directions of Development". Ryzhkov said that if he was not accepted, he would resign. As a compromise, Mikhail Gorbachev proposed to merge the two programs into a single program of the President of the USSR.

October 17, 1990 Grigory Yavlinsky resigns and, together with his team, who also left the government, creates and heads the research institute Center for Economic and Political Research "EPIcenter".

Grigory Yavlinsky in 1991

EPIcenter, together with scientists from Harvard University (USA), with the political support of the President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev, are developing a program for integrating the Soviet economy into the world economic system (“Consent for a Chance”). The program was not implemented.
During the August putsch 1991 Yavlinsky located in the White House - the building of the Supreme Soviet of Russia.
On August 24, 1991, after the failure of the putsch, the Committee for the Development and Implementation of Economic Reform headed by Ivan Silaev was created for the operational management of the national economy of the USSR. Mikhail Gorbachev appoints Grigory Yavlinsky, Arkady Volsky and Yuri Luzhkov as deputy chairmen of the Committee in the rank of vice-premiers. October to December 1991 Grigory Yavlinsky also a member of the Political Advisory Committee under the President of the USSR.

Led by Grigory Yavlinsky the working group is preparing an "Agreement on economic cooperation between the republics of the USSR." The purpose of the Treaty is to preserve the single economic space and market of the USSR, regardless of what political form relations between the republics take. The treaty was initialed on October 18, 1991 in Alma-Ata by representatives of 10 republics, but Boris Yeltsin spoke out against the new supra-allied formation, hoping that Russia alone would be able to move to a market faster.

Yeltsin suggested Yavlinsky post of prime minister, but Yavlinsky never became prime minister. The day after the conclusion of the Belovezhskaya Accords Grigory Yavlinsky left the government with his team as a sign of disagreement with Yeltsin's actions, which destroyed not only political, but also economic ties with the former Soviet republics, which undermined the possibility of reforming the Russian economy. The Committee for the Development and Implementation of Economic Reform ceased to exist.

Grigory Yavlinsky in 1992

In the spring of 1992 the team Yavlinsky presents its own alternative to the reforms carried out by the Gaidar government.
May-November 1992 - "EPIcenter" and the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod region are working out a program of regional reforms.
June 22, 1992 with the participation Yavlinsky a public Council for Foreign and Defense Policy was created (still exists).

Following President Yeltsin's decree dissolving the Supreme Soviet in September 1993 and the Supreme Soviet's retaliatory attempts to remove the president from power, Grigory Yavlinsky, considering the decisions of the President and the actions of the Supreme Council illegal, suggested that the conflicting parties abandon the decisions made and call simultaneous early elections of the president and parliament.
September 28 Grigory Yavlinsky, realizing that a compromise is no longer realistic, calls on the Supreme Council to surrender firearms and the presidential team to hold simultaneous elections in February-March 1994.

After the seizure by supporters of the Supreme Council of the building of the Moscow City Hall and the storming of Ostankino on October 3, 1993 Grigory Yavlinsky condemned Yegor Gaidar's call to unarmed Muscovites to come to the defense of the Moscow City Council building and demanded a resolute suppression of the armed rebellion.
Grigory Yavlinsky participated in the elections to the State Duma of the first convocation as the leader of the Yabloko electoral bloc - the bloc received 7.86% of the vote and 27 seats in the State Duma.

Chechnya, position of Grigory Yavlinsky

In November 1994, after an unsuccessful attempt to storm Grozny and capture Russian tankers, Grigory Yavlinsky together with colleagues from Yabloko, he went to Chechnya and tried to negotiate with Dzhokhar Dudayev, offering himself as a hostage in exchange for prisoners.
Grigory Yavlinsky and his supporters took a sharp anti-war position, opposing themselves to the majority of the State Duma deputies and the executive branch. Later Grigory Yavlinsky and Yabloko advocated the impeachment of President Yeltsin in connection with the unleashing of the war in Chechnya.

Party "Apple", the role of Grigory Yavlinsky

From 1993 to 2008 Grigory Yavlinsky was the leader - at first of the electoral bloc "Yabloko", then - of the public association "Yabloko", then - of the Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko". At the moment he is a member of the political committee of the party. From 1993 to 2003 the party was represented by a faction in the State Duma. In 2003, she failed to overcome the 5% threshold in the parliamentary elections, receiving 4.3% of the vote. In 2007, Yabloko received 1.6%.
June 2008 Grigory Yavlinsky resigned as chairman of the Yabloko party.

In 1996 Grigory Yavlinsky was nominated as a candidate for the post of President of the Russian Federation from the democratic opposition, gaining 7.4% (fourth place after Yeltsin, Zyuganov and Lebed), in 2000 - 5.8% (third place after Putin and Zyuganov).

Family of Grigory Yavlinsky

Grigory Yavlinsky married, has two sons.
Wife of Grigory Yavlinsky- Elena Anatolyevna (nee Smotryaeva), an engineer-economist, worked at the Institute of Coal Engineering (NII "Giprouglemash") before the "perestroika" reductions.
Native Jr. son of Grigory Yavlinsky, Alexey (born in 1981), defended his Ph.D. thesis, works as a research engineer in the creation of computer systems.

Adoptive eldest son from his wife's first marriage, Mikhail Yavlinsky(born in 1971), graduated from the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in the Department of Theoretical Physics and the specialty "Nuclear Physics", works as a journalist. In the spring of 1996, when the presidential election campaign began, Mikhail Yavlinsky became a victim of political blackmail.
He was kidnapped by unknown criminals, whose identities have never been established. Grigory Yavlinsky received the package. severed finger right hand son was wrapped in a note: "If you don't leave politics, we'll cut off your son's head."
Immediately after that, Mikhail was released. The doctors performed a successful reconstructive operation. It was after this, sons Grigory Yavlinsky moved to London for security purposes.

Chairman of the Federal Political Committee of the Russian United Democratic Party "YABLOKO". Doctor of Economics, Professor, National Research University Higher School of Economics

Born on April 10, 1952 in Lvov. Father - a participant in the Great Patriotic War, head of a children's reception center for homeless children, mother - a chemistry teacher at the institute.

He graduated from an evening school for working youth, working as a mechanic at a glass company. In his youth he was engaged in boxing, two-time boxing champion of the Ukrainian SSR among juniors (1967, 1968).

1973. Graduated with honors from the Plekhanov Moscow Institute of National Economy 1976 g. - postgraduate study.

FROM 1976 - work at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Management under the Ministry of the Coal Industry of the USSR. Work in Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Chelyabinsk and other cities.

FROM 1980 - Head of the heavy industry sector at the Labor Research Institute of the State Committee for Labor and Social Affairs. FROM 1984 Mr. - Deputy Head of the Consolidated Department, then Head of the Department of Social Development and Population.

1989. Head of the Consolidated Economic Department of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

1990. Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, Chairman of the State Commission for Economic Reform. In this position, he is preparing a program for the transformation of the Soviet economy into a market one (“500 days”) and a package of laws for its implementation. The program was approved by the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Supreme Soviets of a number of Union republics; it was supported by most of the leaders of the republics. However, by the fall of 1991, the Union and Russian governments abandoned their obligations to implement it. Disagreeing with the change in economic course, Yavlinsky resigned.

1991. Development of a program for the integration of the Soviet economy into the world economic system - "Consent for a Chance". After the August coup, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Committee for the Operational Management of the National Economy of the USSR with the rank of Deputy Prime Minister. In this position, in order to maintain a single economic space and ties with the union republics, he prepared the "Treaty on the Economic Community of the Republics of the USSR" and 26 annexes to it. The treaty was approved by the heads of 11 republics of the USSR and ratified by Russia. As a result of the Belovezhskaya Accords, which put an end to the USSR, the treaty was not implemented. Yavlinsky left the government.

FROM 1992 Mr. - Chairman of the Board of the Center for Economic and Political Research (EPI-Center). Under his leadership, complex proposals are being prepared as a socially oriented alternative to the ongoing economic reforms of Yegor Gaidar.

1992. Develops a program of market reforms in the Nizhny Novgorod region ("Nizhny Novgorod Prologue") commissioned by Governor Boris Nemtsov, which was implemented and gave positive results.

1993. Creates an electoral bloc "Yavlinsky - Boldyrev - Lukin" to participate in elections to the State Duma of the 1st convocation. The bloc was co-founded by the former chief state inspector of Russia, Yuri Boldyrev, and the scientist and diplomat, former Russian ambassador to the United States, Vladimir Lukin. According to the first letters of the names of the founders, the block was named by journalists "Yabloko". The bloc included several political parties: the Republican, Social Democratic and Russian Christian Democratic Union - New Democracy. In its program, the new bloc dissociated itself both from the "democrats" in power and from the communists.

FROM 1995 - the leader of the public all-Russian political Association "YABLOKO", which in 2001 was transformed into a political party. AT 2001-2008 gg. - Chairman of the Russian United Democratic Party "YABLOKO". FROM 2008 d. - Member of the Federal Political Committee of the Party, since 2015 Mr. - Chairman of the Federal Political Committee.

1994-2003 . Leads the YABLOKO faction in the State Duma. He confirmed his deputy powers three times. The faction, in particular, achieved the adoption of the law "On streamlining the remuneration of employees of public sector organizations", which ensured an increase in the salaries of state employees, as well as a law on the mandatory publication of declarations on income and property of government members. YABLOKO initiated a gradual transition to a contract army and the introduction of a flat taxation scale and the establishment of the lowest income tax rate in Europe, which led to an increase in budget revenues and contributed to the emergence of the economy from the shadows.

Declaring itself a faction of constructive opposition, YABLOKO repeatedly criticized the laws submitted to the Duma, in particular the budgets of 1996-2000. Since 2000, the deputies of the faction, under the leadership of Yavlinsky, have been developing alternative draft state budgets. The state priorities identified in the faction's alternative budgets: strengthening the country's defense capability, developing education, conducting judicial and military reforms, were supported by financial justifications and calculations. The faction's proposals for additional budget revenues were used by the Russian government in draft budgets for 2001-2003.

1994. He harshly criticizes the war in Chechnya. Together with his colleagues at Yabloko, he travels to Grozny to negotiate with Dzhokhar Dudayev, offering himself as a hostage in exchange for captured Russian soldiers who were refused by the country's leadership. The result was the release of half of the captured soldiers and the return of the bodies of the dead soldiers. AT 1999 -m "Yabloko" opposed the start of the second Chechen campaign with the use of bomber aircraft.

1996. Participates in presidential elections as a "third force" - an alternative to Boris Yeltsin and communist Gennady Zyuganov. Takes fourth place.

1998. In the midst of an acute crisis in the country and a conflict between President Yeltsin and the State Duma, he proposes a compromise figure for the post of prime minister - Yevgeny Primakov.

1999. Together with the Yabloko faction in the State Duma, he votes for the impeachment of President Yeltsin.

2000. Participates in presidential elections. The election campaign was held under the slogan "For Russia without dictators and oligarchs." During the campaign, he spoke about the risk of creating a hard regime in Russia based on the legacy that Boris Yeltsin left behind. Took third place.

2001. Becomes one of the leaders of the campaign in defense of the "old NTV" and freedom of speech in Russia.

2002. I went to the Theater Center on Dubrovka to negotiate with the terrorists who had captured the audience of the musical Nord-Ost. After negotiations with Yavlinsky, the terrorists released the eight smallest children.

2003. Developed a "Roadmap of Russian reforms" - a plan for dismantling the oligarchic system and overcoming the consequences of criminal privatization. In particular, the plan envisaged the introduction of a one-time compensatory tax (Windfall Tax) on excess profits received as a result of loans-for-shares auctions.

FROM 2005 Mr. - Professor of the National Research University "Higher School of Economics" (Moscow). Defended at the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute Russian Academy sciences dissertation for the scientific degree of doctor of economic sciences.

2009. At the time of the next economic crisis, he proposes the strategy "Houses - Land - Roads", which involves the gratuitous transfer of land to citizens for the construction of their own houses and the obligation of the state to provide this housing with infrastructure.

2011-2012. The Yabloko party participated in all major protests that took place in the country after large-scale fraud in the elections to the State Duma. Yavlinsky became the only leader of the protest movement to run for president in 2012. He was not registered for political reasons.

2011-2016. Deputy, leader of the Yabloko faction in the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg. Prepared the conceptual strategy “Greater Petersburg. XXI century”, which combines economic, spatial and temporal approaches to the development of the agglomeration of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region.

2014. He opposes the annexation of Crimea and the war in Donbass. Proposed to hold international conference on the peaceful settlement of the Russian-Ukrainian crisis. During the 2018 presidential election campaign, he presented a plan for resolving the situation in eastern Ukraine.

2017. Elected Honorary Vice-President of the Liberal International - political organization uniting liberal parties around the world.

2018. Participates in the presidential elections in Russia. He advocated curtailing military adventures (Syria, Ukraine) and channeling resources into the economy and social sphere of the country, resolving the Crimean problem and normalizing relations with Europe and the world. He demanded the federalization of the budget, the return of direct elections of governors and mayors. He insisted on the creation of a broad middle class (the program "Houses - Land - Roads", personal savings accounts, the abolition of taxes for the poorest segments of the population, etc.).

After the elections, he announced the need to form a truly mass civil party on the basis of Yabloko, which, in the conditions of an impending domestic political crisis and the transit of power, would be able to keep the country from disaster and set a positive direction for the development of the state.

Married, two adult sons, the eldest - graduated from the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University. Lomonosov, journalist; junior - programmer, research engineer in the field of big data processing, Ph.D.

An extended biography of Grigory Yavlinsky can be found

A family

Father: Alexei Grigorievich Yavlinsky(1919 (?) - 1981), the exact date of birth is unknown, during the Civil War he lost his parents, in the 1930s he was brought up in the commune-colony of Anton Semyonovich Makarenko in Kharkov. After graduating from the colony, he entered a flight school, and then served in the army in Andijan. Member of the Great Patriotic War. He finished the war as a senior lieutenant in the city of Vysoké Tatry (Czechoslovakia). After their marriage in 1947, the Yavlinskys lived in Lvov. Aleksey Yavlinsky since 1949 worked in the system of children's corrective labor and educational institutions. In 1961, he was appointed director of a distribution colony for the homeless.

Mother: Vera Naumovna- was born in 1924 in Kharkov. Immediately after the war, she moved with her family to Lvov from Tashkent, where the family lived in evacuation. Graduated with honors from the Faculty of Chemistry of Lviv University. She taught chemistry at the institute.

In 1952, the Yavlinskys had a son, Grigory, and in 1957, his brother Mikhail (born 1957), who now lives in Lvov and is engaged in small business.

Yavlinsky is married and has two sons.

Wife - Elena Anatolievna(nee Smotryaeva), engineer-economist, worked at the Institute of Coal Engineering (NII "Giprouglemash") before the "perestroika" cuts.

Native youngest son, Alexei(born in 1981), defended his Ph.D. thesis, works as a research engineer in the creation of computer systems.

Adopted eldest son from wife's first marriage, Michael(born in 1971), graduated from the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in the Department of Theoretical Physics and the specialty "Nuclear Physics", works as a journalist.

Biography

In the first grade, Yavlinsky went to the third school in Lvov, and later moved to one of the special schools. Gregory did well in most subjects (for example, by the eighth grade he was fluent in English).

At school, Yavlinsky got acquainted with the work of the English musical group The Beatles became a fanatical fan of them and even grew his hair long.

Twice he became the champion of Ukraine in boxing among juniors in 1967 and in 1968, but after the coach offered him to choose between boxing and "everything else" from the sport, Yavlinsky left.

In 1968-1969, Yavlinsky left school (entered evening school) and decided to work: he became a freight forwarder at the Lviv post office, at a haberdashery factory, then as an electrician at the Lvov glass company Raduga, where he joined the glass equipment adjustment team . Despite the difficult working conditions (the workers worked next to red-hot furnaces), Yavlinsky was able to establish himself well and was accepted by other workers, who at first teased the junior in the brigade.

In 1969 he entered the Plekhanov Moscow Institute of National Economy (MINH) at the Faculty of Labor Economics. While studying with friends, they published their own samizdat newspaper "We". “How come we weren’t imprisoned for samizdat then,” Yavlinsky’s classmate later recalled Dmitry Kalyuzhny. However, under the threat of being thrown out of the institute, he turned out to be not at all for the samizdat press, but for a quarrel with the Komsomol organizer. The quarrel turned into a scandal, but the future politician was saved by classmates and friends: instead of being expelled, the Komsomol meeting recommended that he be accepted into the party.

In 1973 he graduated from the institute, and in 1976 - postgraduate studies at the Minkha. Among his teachers was Academician Leonid Abalkin. Doctor of Economic Sciences.

In 1978 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on "Improving the division of labor of workers in the chemical industry."

From 1976 to 1977 he worked as a senior engineer at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Coal Industry Management, from 1977 to 1980 in the same place - a senior researcher.

He was engaged in the regulation of the labor of employees and mine engineers, worked in Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Prokopyevsk, developed a special qualification guide used in the coal industry. Once I got into a production accident at a mine, after which I was in the hospital (the doctors could not save some of the victims in that accident).

From 1980 to 1984 he worked as the head of the sector of the research institute of labor of the State Committee on Labor and Social Affairs (Goskomtrud), since 1984 - deputy head of the department and head of the department of the State Labor Committee.

In 1982-1985, he was subjected to implicit political persecution for writing the work "Problems of Improving the Economic Mechanism in the USSR", in which he predicted the onset of an economic crisis. The text and drafts of the book were confiscated from Yavlinsky, and he was summoned several times for an interview at a special department of the institute. With this, he connects the attempt to forcibly treat him "for tuberculosis" in 1984-1985. Yavlinsky claims that he barely avoided an operation to remove a lung and was discharged from the hospital with a diagnosis of "perfectly healthy" after coming to power.

In 1986, together with colleagues from the State Committee for Labor, he wrote his own draft law on the state enterprise, which was rejected by those who led the preparation of the law. Nikolai Talyzin(Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR) and Heydar Aliyev(1st Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR) as too liberal.

On February 21, 2005, at the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute (CEMI) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic of the socio-economic system of Russia and the problem of its modernization.

Author of more than sixty books and scientific publications. Last: Realeconomik: The Hidden Cause of the Great Recession (and How to Avert the Next One). Yale University Press 2011 "s Phony Capitalism" (1998), "Incentives and Institutions: The Transition to a Market Economy in Russia" (Princeton University Press, 2000), "Demodernization" (2002), "Peripheral Capitalism" (2003), "Prospects for Russia" (2006) and others.

Politics

Yavlinsky was a member of the CPSU from 1985 to 1991.

In the summer of 1989, Abalkin, having become deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, invited Yavlinsky to the post of head of department and at the same time secretary of the State Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on economic reform ("Abalkin's commission").

In the spring of 1990, Yavlinsky, together with young economists Alexey Mikhailov and Mikhail Zadornov wrote a project to reform the economy by transferring it to market rails called "400 days".

The program was sent to members of the government and leading economists and it was proposed for implementation without attribution. Mikhail Bocharov, running for the post of Prime Minister of the RSFSR (due to which many had the impression that he was the author of the program). After a clarification of relations on the sidelines of the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, Bocharov recognized the authorship of Yavlinsky, who, after a conversation with Boris Yeltsin July 16, 1990 received the post of Chairman of the RSFSR State Commission for Economic Reform and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.

Yeltsin proposed the idea of ​​this program (already called "500 days") to Gorbachev for joint implementation. On their initiative, at the end of July 1990, it was created under the leadership of an academician Stanislav Shatalin a working group that was instructed to develop a unified union program for the transition to a market economy on the basis of "500 days". Deputy Shatalin was appointed Nikolai Petrakov.

Work on the program, Yavlinsky became the main author of the program, lasted 27 days, and its idea led to a temporary political rapprochement between the leadership of the USSR and the RSFSR. The program provided for an agreement between the sovereign republics on an economic union, permission for all types of property, and the beginning of the privatization of state enterprises. To reduce the budget deficit, it was proposed to cut aid to developing countries, to cut spending on the army and the state apparatus, the monetary reform was not envisaged.

The program received the support of all 15 republics, but met with resistance from the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and in October 1990 the Supreme Soviet of the USSR practically rejected it.

In the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Gorbachev advocated the unification of the programs of Yavlinsky-Shatalin and the alternative program of Abalkin-Ryzhkov, which, according to both sides, was impossible.

When it became clear that the government of the USSR did not intend to implement the 500 Days program, Yeltsin announced that Russia would undertake to carry it out alone, without the rest of the union republics, which was a purely political step, since the program designed for a union of republics could not be implemented only in one of them.

On October 17, 1990, Yavlinsky resigned from the post of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia. Subsequently, he emphasized that the implementation of the "500 days" would make it possible to preserve the union state.

In January 1991, he was appointed economic adviser to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR (on a voluntary basis). At the same time, he headed the Inter-Republican Center for Economic and Political Research (EPICentre) organized by him.

He promoted another reform program, developed by him with the assistance of specialists from Harvard University (USA), - "Agreement for a Chance", in which assistance from developed countries was to play a significant role in changing the Soviet economy.

In the spring of 1991, he was appointed a member of the Supreme Economic Council of Kazakhstan - an advisory body under the President Nursultan Nazarbayev.

During the coup attempt in August 1991, he was in the White House, on August 20, 1991 he left the CPSU.

On August 22, 1991, together with the heads of law enforcement agencies, he went (as a "public witness") to arrest the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR Boris Pugo (by the time they arrived, Pugo and his wife had committed suicide).

August 28, 1991 became Deputy Ivan Silaev as chairman of the Committee for Operational Management of the National Economy of the USSR, responsible for economic reform. In this post, he made a sensational statement about the size of the gold reserves of the USSR, which turned out to be extremely small. In connection with the dissolution of the USSR, the Committee ceased its work at the end of 1991.

From October to December 1991 he was a member of the Political Advisory Council under the President of the USSR. He was also a member of the working group for the preparation of the Treaty on economic cooperation between the republics of the USSR. He sharply criticized the disavowal by the Russian government of the signature of the Minister of Economy of the RSFSR Evgenia Saburova under the treaty on the Interstate Economic Community.

From June 1 to September 1, 1992, Yavlinsky's "EPICentre", under an agreement with the administration of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, worked out a regional reform program. The main measures to stabilize the economy were the issuance of regional loan bonds, which was supposed to solve the problem of lack of cash, the release of producers from non-production costs, as well as the introduction of the information system "On-line tracking of social indicators". Yavlinsky believes that, as a result of three months of work, he managed to create a basis for the formation of a market infrastructure and make a number of proposals regarding a "new federalism" in Russia ("seek solutions not from top to bottom, but from bottom to top"). The results of the experiment are described in the book "Nizhny Novgorod Prologue" (1993) published by "EPICentre".

Yavlinsky also tried to apply the experience of Nizhny Novgorod in Novosibirsk, where in October 1992 he became an economic consultant to the regional administration, and in St. Petersburg, where the mayor Anatoly Sobchak invited him to develop an urban model of privatization.

Entered the Public Council on Foreign and Defense Policy (SVOP) established on June 22, 1992 (along with Sergei Karaganov– the initiator of the creation and head of the SWAP, Sergei Stankevich, Evgeny Ambartsumov, Arakdy Volsky and others).

In November 1992, at the international seminar "Doing business with Russia", he made a policy statement in which he argued that the government's financial stabilization policy Yegor Gaidar failed, and there are no political or economic prerequisites for it ("you cannot stabilize the currency of a country that does not exist"), pointed to the need to maximally simplify trade between the former Soviet republics and move to systemic transformations (land reform and privatization). This statement was regarded as "a soft start to the election campaign."

In an interview with the Russian Thought newspaper, he said that, if he was elected president, he would like to see in his team Yuri Boldyrev, Konstantin Zatulin("they will work").

After bloody riots during a demonstration on May 1, 1993 in Moscow, he demanded that the authorities punish their perpetrators.

In September 1993, regarding Yeltsin's decree on the dissolution of parliament and the retaliatory attempts of the Supreme Council (SC) to remove Yeltsin from power, at the first moment he stated that "the decisions of the president are certainly illegal, but the actions of the SC are illegitimate", offering the conflicting parties "mutual renunciation of steps taken on September 21 and 22" and "setting the date of simultaneous early presidential and parliamentary elections" at the beginning of 1994 (i.e. a compromise program similar to the "zero option" of the Chairman of the Constitutional Court Valery Zorkin).

September 25, 1993 signed the "Program of 14" ( Alexander Vladislavlev, Sergey Glazyev, Anatoly Denisov, Igor Klochkov, Vasily Lipitsky, Nikolai Ryzhkov, Vasily Tretyakov, Nikolai Fedorov, Egor Yakovlev and others), which proposed holding simultaneous early parliamentary and presidential elections based on a modified "zero option": decisions of all authorities from September 21, "affecting constitutional issues", are suspended, and the activities of the Supreme Council and its commissions are reduced to new elections to control functions and consideration of legislative initiatives of the government.

On September 28, 1993, at a press conference, he said that the compromise "according to Zorkin" was already unrealistic and that, in his opinion, the parliament should be sought mainly to surrender firearms, and from the presidential team - simultaneous elections with their transfer from December to February - March 1994 Visited the White House with an intermediary mission.

After the events of October 3, 1993, when supporters of the parliament seized the mayor's office and stormed Ostankino, he demanded a resolute suppression of the rebellion by military force.

In October 1993, he created his own electoral association, the Yavlinsky-Boldyrev-Lukin Bloc (Yabloko), which included the Russian ambassador to the United States Vladimir Lukin, former head of the Control Department of the Administration of the President of Russia Yu. Boldyrev, Nikolai Petrakov, a number of employees of "EPICentre", as well as representatives of the Republican Party of the Russian Federation (RPRF), the Social Democratic Party of the Russian Federation (SDPR) and the Russian Christian Democratic Union - New Democracy (RCDU-ND) party (the parties became the formal founders of the bloc).

On December 12, 1993, he was elected to the State Duma on the list of Yabloko. He was chairman of the Yabloko faction in the State Duma of the first convocation and a member of the Duma Council.

At the end of 1994, he condemned the outbreak of hostilities in Chechnya. Traveled to Chechnya with the aim of releasing Russian prisoners of war captured by the troops of Dzhokhar Dudayev (the trip was crowned with partial success).

In the 1995 State Duma elections, Yavlinsky headed the list of the Yabloko electoral association, which received 4th place (6.89% - 4,767,384 votes).

On February 9, 1996, the Central Election Commission registered authorized representatives of the Yabloko Association, which nominated Yavlinsky for the presidency of the Russian Federation.

In the first round of the presidential elections on June 16, 1996, he received 5,550,710 votes, or 7.41% (fourth place after Yeltsin, Gennady Zyuganov and Alexander Lebed). On the eve of the second round, he called not to vote for Zyuganov, but he did not come out with a direct recommendation to his supporters to vote for Yeltsin - which was expected and demanded of him by the Yeltsinists.

In April 1997, he opposed the signing of an agreement between Belarus and Russia.

Regarding the unification of Belarus and Russia, Yavlinsky stated that the time for unification had not yet come, and if the unification took place on the basis of the existing agreement, the idea would simply be discredited and this would only aggravate the economic and political situation in both countries.

On May 6, 1997, at a meeting with students of Moscow State University, he stated that it was necessary to amend the Constitution, which would deprive the president of the right to issue secret decrees, as well as to interfere in economic policy by issuing decrees. At the same time, Yavlinsky emphasized that all restrictions should not apply to the current president, since otherwise attempts to change the Constitution would be perceived as an attempt on Yeltsin's personal powers. At the same meeting, he called Yuri Luzhkov "a very capable person and a very capable politician," and Anatoly Chubais- "one of the main architects of a system in which everyone steals."

In 1998, he joined the leadership of the Media Against Drugs movement.

In September 1998, he was the first to propose a candidate for the post of Prime Minister Evgenia Primakova. After Primakov was confirmed in this post by the State Duma, he rejected the offer to join the government as Deputy Prime Minister for Social Affairs.

In September 1999, Yavlinsky headed the federal list of the Yabloko electoral association in the elections to the Duma of the third convocation.

On December 19, 1999, he was elected to the State Duma ("Yabloko" received 6th place in the elections - 3,955,457 votes, 5.93%). He again headed the Duma faction Yabloko.

On January 15, 2000, the Central Council of Yabloko decided to nominate Yavlinsky as a candidate for the presidency of Russia by an initiative group of citizens (but formally not from Yabloko - so as not to convene an expensive congress, and also so that the nomination would not be narrow-party).

On January 18, 2000, at the first meeting of the State Duma of the third convocation, the Yabloko faction refused all posts in the Duma in protest against the "conspiracy" with the Communists of the pro-presidential Unity faction, which resulted in the election of Gennady Seleznev as chairman of the Duma and the division of the majority of the Duma committees between " Unity", the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and their satellite groups ("People's Deputy" and "Agroindustrial").

On January 19, 2000, he was nominated as a presidential candidate by an initiative group of citizens headed by Sergei Kovalev. February 19 was registered by the Central Election Commission.

On March 26, 2000, he received 47,351,452 votes in the presidential elections (5.80% - 3rd place after Putin and Zyuganov).

Since autumn 2000 - co-chairman of the Russian public council for the Development of Education (ROSRO).

In January 2001, he delivered a speech at All-Russian Congress"In defense of human rights". In particular, he said:

“In ten years, our country has experienced two wars, one of which continues. Two defaults, one of them grandiose, in 1998. Hyperinflation in 1992, which destroyed all the material possibilities of our fellow citizens. In 1993, we faced the beginning of a civil war. The energy accumulated during this time begins to turn into a new quality - our country has ceased to count its dead. Now we do not pay attention to how many people die every day in hot spots, and in many others, completely inexplicable from the point of view of logic, law and Constitution, foundations. A country that does not count its dead is embarking on a very dangerous path - it does not care. This is exactly what is needed for the biggest political adventures ".

In February 2001, in an interview, he said that in Russia "a corporate police state is being created ... Putin does everything consciously and purposefully ... He is perfectly aware of everything."

At the same time, analyzing the annual activities of the new government, he said that Russia risks becoming "not a strong, but an arrogant state" if the authorities do not give up their desire to build a "corporate, bureaucratic, police" state in the country with "complete domination of an official over a citizen."

On April 3, 2001, in the Itogi program, he opposed new personnel appointments at NTV, and on April 4, 2001, he suggested that the State Duma of the Russian Federation consider a draft resolution in support of NTV. The State Duma did not support Yavlinsky's initiative.

In April 2001, he came up with the initiative to create a Democratic Conference - a broad coalition of democratic forces, the structure of which would exclude the dominance of individual politicians or parties.

On June 19, 2001, the first All-Russian Democratic Conference, convened on the initiative of Yavlinsky, began its work. The Conference was attended by 22 political and civil organizations.

In September 2001, Yavlinsky was accused by the former chairman of the Moscow youth Yabloko Andrey Sharomov and Vyacheslav Igrunov in authoritarianism and inciting internal party squabbles "in the spirit of Stalinism." In response, he said that, probably, Sharomov and Igrunov were simply implementing a plan to destroy Yabloko.

On September 18, 2001, a week after the largest terrorist attacks in the United States, he said that Russia should actively participate in international anti-terrorist operations.

October 14, 2001 was elected chairman of the Regional Party "Yabloko" of the city of Moscow (RPMYA) (instead of Igrunov). He declared that he was forced to take over the temporary management of the organization in order to bring it out of the crisis and would remain as chairman of the RPMY for several months.

On December 22-23, 2001, a congress was held at which Yabloko was transformed into a political party. During the secret ballot on the night of December 23, Yavlinsky was re-elected leader of Yabloko. 472 delegates voted for his candidacy, 33 voted against. There were no abstentions. No alternative candidates were put forward.

In April 2002, speaking at the conference "Vectors of Development of Modern Russia", he said that a "corporate-bureaucratic system" had developed in Russia and there was a "transition to a police state", and accused the Kremlin of censoring television.

On June 5, 2002, the Kuntsevsky court of the capital partially satisfied the claim of the President of Bashkiria Murtaza Rakhimov on the protection of honor and dignity to Yavlinsky. The court ordered the defendant to pay the plaintiff 20 thousand rubles in compensation. During the election campaign to the State Duma in the fall of 1999, Yabloko activists distributed election leaflets in Bashkiria, which contained calls to vote for Yavlinsky's supporters and criticized the local authorities. In particular, the current republican leadership was called "a feudal regime that is squeezing oil, gas, and minerals out of the republic." The messages to voters were signed by Yavlinsky.

October 23, 2002 at about 9 pm in Moscow to the theater building at st. Melnikova, 17, where the musical "Nord-Ost" was on, a group of 40 armed Chechens (including women) burst in and took hostage all the spectators and actors. In total about 800 people. On the morning of the next day, the terrorists demanded Yavlinsky and Irina Khakamada to come to them for negotiations. At this time, Yavlinsky was in Tomsk at the funeral of Oleg Pletnev, the leader of the Yabloko regional branch, who tragically died. He urgently flew to Moscow and late in the evening held negotiations with the terrorists. Their results were not reported.

October 29, 2002 was invited to a meeting with the President in the Kremlin. Putin thanked him "for taking part in the work to free the hostages": "You are one of those who took part, played a very positive role and, unlike others, did not make yourself a PR out of this."

On November 1, 2002, the State Duma refused to include in the agenda of the plenary session a draft resolution on the need for a parliamentary investigation into the circumstances of the seizure and release of hostages in Moscow, proposed by the Yabloko faction. Yavlinsky said that this happened as a result of the actions of the SPS faction.

"Firstly, the State Duma is afraid of freedom of speech, afraid to give a platform to independent deputies and uses the Duma apparatus, which, through fraud and machinations, does not allow consideration of the resolution. Secondly, the Union of Right Forces is involved in this unscrupulous game. Their draft resolution has been left on the agenda."

According to Yavlinsky, the SPS project was written to please the presidential administration, because all the blame is shifted to Moscow doctors. "But the decisions were made above the doctors."

On December 23, 2002, at a press conference, he named politicians who, in his opinion, have no place in a single coalition of democratic forces. "These are members of the Union of Right Forces - people with whom we cannot cooperate for reasons of principle - such as Anatoly Chubais and Sergei Kirienko". He stated that for Yabloko" it is quite acceptable to cooperate with Irina Khakamada and - to a large extent - with Boris Nemtsov.

According to Yavlinsky, the credibility of the association of democrats will be negligible if the coalition is led by those who supported the war in Chechnya, carried out criminal privatization, built state financial pyramids and carried out selfish defaults.

In January 2003, the leaders of the Union of Right Forces, through representatives of large Russian business, proposed to Yavlinsky a compromise variant of interaction between the two parties. This option provided for the formation of a single party list, the top three of which would be headed by Nemtsov, Yavlinsky and Khakamada. At the same time, Yavlinsky would have been nominated as a single candidate from democratic forces in the presidential elections.

On January 29, 2003, Yavlinsky was to meet with Nemtsov to discuss joint actions in the 2003 parliamentary elections. However, on January 28, the Union of Right Forces received a letter from Yavlinsky and his deputy Sergei Ivanenko, in which they refused to meet: "Due to the fact that your proposals have already been detailed in numerous print and electronic media and we were able to familiarize ourselves with them, the meeting scheduled on your initiative has lost its meaning."

On April 27, 2003, at a meeting of the bureau of the Federal Council of Yabloko, a statement was adopted by the bureau, signed by Yavlinsky, which stated that the faction of the party in the State Duma was instructed to initiate the question of the resignation of the government: the Bureau of the Federal Council of Yabloko believes that the Russian government is not coping with the duties entrusted to him, demonstrates complete incapacity ... to ensure the security of the country and its citizens, curb crime; failure of major economic reforms ...; anti-social policy; protection of the interests of large monopolies and oligarchic structures. In addition, Yabloko reproached the cabinet for "actual rejection of military reform" and "inability to carry out administrative reform."

In May 2003, a former associate of Yavlinsky spoke of her former party leader as follows:

“He is the bearer of mythological consciousness. At meetings with people, Yavlinsky tells how good it will be when Yabloko is in power. Mythological consciousness allows you not to solve existing problems, but to get away from them. He preaches sincerely, convincingly, but these are myths that served so talentedly and skillfully that some voters believe".

On June 18, 2003, speaking in the State Duma during a discussion of the issue of no confidence in the government initiated by the Yabloko and the Communists, Yavlinsky called on the deputies "not to remain a technical Duma with a technical government" and said that the Yabloko faction would vote for the resignation of the cabinet of ministers. The State Duma did not support the proposal to resign the government.

In July 2003, the Cheryomushkinsky Court of Moscow awarded Yavlinsky victory in a lawsuit with a journalist Alexander Gordon and TV channel M1. Yavlinsky filed a lawsuit for the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation, and the court found Gordon's claims that the USSR ceased to exist, including because of the activities of the head of Yabloko, untrue, discrediting the honor, dignity and business reputation. And also that the election campaign of Yavlinsky, who claimed the presidency, was financed from the United States. In addition, Gordon called Yavlinsky a bribe taker. According to the court decision, Gordon had to pay Yavlinsky 15,000 rubles as compensation for non-pecuniary damage.

On July 31, 2003, the interregional public movement "Yabloko without Yavlinsky" was established. The purpose of the founders is to draw attention to the plight in which the party found itself because of the policy of its leader. Movement leader Igor Morozov He explained the purpose of the initiative as follows:

"We have always supported the Yabloko party. We voted for it in the elections to the State Duma in both 1995 and 1999. The main thing for us has always been the party's loyalty to democratic ideals and its independence from any government: both from the state and from big capital "We used to believe that there was at least one party in the Duma that was distinguished by genuine intelligence and honesty towards voters. We do not like Yavlinsky's weakness, lust for power and populism. This repels voters from Yabloko. The party may not overcome the barrier of 5 "% of votes in the State Duma elections. Public opinion polls say the same. And after a failure in the elections, the party will disappear altogether as a political force. It pains us to see that at the moment belonging to a party is associated with populism, destructiveness and irresponsibility".

Sergei Mitrokhin called the establishment of the movement "a banal action of" black PR ". He also said that he is inclined to believe that "Anatoly Chubais and RAO UES are the sponsors of the event, and gentlemen Gozman and Trapeznikov are engaged in this."

On September 6, 2003, at the congress of the Yabloko party, Yavlinsky declared: "The candidate from Yabloko will participate in the presidential elections in Russia in 2004.

In September 2003, Yavlinsky was included in the federal list of the Yabloko electoral association under No. 1 in the central part of the list for participation in elections to the State Duma of the fourth convocation.

In September 2003, Yavlinsky announced that Yabloko would submit its alternative draft federal budget for 2004, with social policy as a priority.

On September 29, 2003, at a meeting of the Central Election Commission, Yabloko's complaint against the actions of the Yabloko without Yavlinsky movement was upheld. The CEC decided to apply to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Prosecutor General's Office "with a proposal to suppress illegal activities."

On December 7, 2003, in the elections to the State Duma of the fourth convocation, the Yabloko party, according to official data, gained 4.3% (6th place after 5 parties that entered the Duma), thus not overcoming the 5% barrier. According to other sources, Yabloko actually overcame the barrier, but its official percentage (as well as that of other parties) decreased due to the significant attribution of votes to the United Russia list.

On December 9, 2003, Yabloko began negotiations to create a coalition with the Union of Right Forces and other parties. According to Sergei Ivanenko, head of Yabloko's election campaign, it was about nominating a single candidate for the presidential election.

"Yabloko" sets itself the task of creating a serious, big party over the next four years, which will really unite the democratic opposition".

At the congress it was decided not to nominate a candidate for the presidential elections on March 14, 2004. Commenting on this decision, Yavlinsky said: "We would nominate our candidate if we considered it politically possible to participate in the elections. Free, equal politically competitive elections in Russia are impossible."

On March 29, 2004, the NTV television company reported that Yavlinsky could be appointed Russia's plenipotentiary representative to the European Union. The leadership of the Yabloko party confirmed this information.

In June 2004, Yavlinsky resigned as leader of the Moscow branch of Yabloko, which he held for two years, combining it with the post of chairman of the party. (Mitrokhin was elected the new chairman of the Moscow branch of the party).

On July 3-4, 2004, at the congress of the Yabloko party, Yavlinsky was again elected chairman of the party (190 votes in favor out of 252 delegates to the congress; the alternative candidate was the then head of the Sverdlovsk regional organization"Apple" Yuri Kuznetsov received 59 votes.

In October 2004, Yavlinsky was awarded international award"For freedom". The prize has been awarded since 1985 for the consistent upholding of the principles of democracy and human rights; was nominated for the prize by the Liberals, Democrats and Reformers faction of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

On December 12, 2004, speaking at the congress "Russia for democracy, against dictatorship", he said that all democratic forces could unite around his party. "In order to overcome helplessness and pseudo-democracy, democratic forces must be united, and Yabloko offers its party as the basis for such an association."

On July 2, 2005, Yavlinsky rejected the possibility of uniting with the Union of Right Forces, since, in his opinion, this party is undemocratic and is associated with the authorities.

On September 10, 2005, the Moscow branch of the Union of Right Forces decided to apply to Yabloko with a proposal to go to the Moscow City Duma elections on December 4, 2005 on a single list under the Yabloko brand (election blocs were banned by that time), but with the condition that two places in the first the top three of the list will get ATP.

On September 23, 2005, Yavlinsky announced: "We agree to a compromise solution: the first place in the general democratic list ... will be taken by the representative of the Union of Right Forces, Moscow City Duma deputy Dmitry Kataev. At the same time, the central part of the list is reduced to two people and the second position will be given to the Moscow City Duma deputy from Yabloko" Yevgeny Bunimovich.

On September 25, 2005, SPS leader Nikita Belykh and Yavlinsky announced that the list would be headed not by Kataev, but by Moscow City Duma deputy Ivan Novitsky.

On November 10, 2005, Yavlinsky and Belykh circulated a special appeal in which they called on their supporters to come to the polls and vote for the Yabloko-United Democrats list.

On December 4, 2005, in the elections to the Moscow City Duma, the list "Yabloko - United Democrats" gained 11.11% (third place).

December 12, 2005, speaking at the All-Russian Civil Congress. Yavlinsky proposed a program of action - the concept of a new social contract. According to him, the basis of the agreement is "overcoming the alienation between the authorities and society, the abolition of all unjust decisions, as well as the solution of the property problem": "The fate of Russia is not decided on the street, but through a new social contract. We need de-Stalinization and de-Bolshevization of the country."

On November 14, 2006, a party statement signed by Yavlinsky was published, stating that Yabloko considers the abolition of the turnout threshold for elections at all levels proposed by United Russia to be "another step towards turning elections into a farce." This proposal "directly leads to the elimination of the institution of real elections in Russia and its replacement with imitation."

On June 21-22, 2008, at the XV Congress of Yabloko, he proposed to elect Sergei Mitrokhin as the new party chairman, which was done (the Yavlinsky Congress itself was elected a member of the political committee).

On February 28, 2009, by decision No. 10 of the Political Committee of the RODP "Yabloko", the concept of overcoming the crisis and high-quality economic growth "Earth-Houses-Roads" proposed by Yavlinsky was adopted. The "Earth-Houses-Roads" program was handed over to the Head of Government Vladimir Putin and President Dmitry Medvedev in the same year, but no action was taken to implement it.

On the night of September 10-11, 2011, at the XVI Congress of Yabloko, it was decided that Grigory Yavlinsky would head the party's electoral list for the State Duma elections on December 4, 2011.

On December 4, 2011, according to the official results of the vote, the party did not overcome the five percent threshold and did not receive seats in parliament. However, it won more than in the previous elections, receiving 3.43%, which guaranteed the party state funding. Yabloko also managed to get its deputies in three regions, including the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg: here the party received 12.5% ​​of the vote and 6 mandates. Yavlinsky, who also headed the party list in these elections, agreed to head the Yabloko faction in St. Petersburg. He received a deputy mandate on December 14, 2011.

On December 19, 2011, the congress of the Yabloko party nominated Yavlinsky as a candidate for the presidency of Russia in the elections, which were scheduled for March 4, 2012.

On January 18, 2012, he handed over to the CEC two million signatures of voters necessary for participation in the elections in his support. The CEC, after verifying the signatures, refused to register Yavlinsky as a candidate, rejecting 23% of the submitted signatures.

On February 8, 2012, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation considered Yavlinsky's complaint against the decision of the CEC, but recognized the refusal to register as legal. Yavlinsky himself commented on the withdrawal of his candidacy from the elections for political reasons.

In December 2011 - March 2012, Yavlinsky actively supported protests against electoral fraud that took place in Russia, and repeatedly spoke at rallies "For Fair Elections" in Moscow.

In early 2012, he suffered a serious heart attack, as a result of which doctors recommended that he adjust his busy schedule and lifestyle.

On March 18, 2012, he was hospitalized in a Moscow clinic with an attack of angina and therefore missed an opposition rally near Ostankino. On March 27 he was discharged from the hospital.

On May 14 and 15, 2012, Yavlinsky visited St. Isaac's Square in St. Petersburg, where an opposition camp was located.

In June 2015, Grigory Yavlinsky gathered for the fourth time for the presidential election campaign for the President of the Russian Federation.

In August 2016, the CEC of Russia registered the federal list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma of the seventh convocation of the Yabloko party.

Grigory Yavlinsky, the "founding father" of Yabloko, headed the federal part of the party's list. The federal part of the list also includes party chairman, ex-co-chairman of RPR-PARNAS, leader of the Pskov branch of Yabloko, ex-party chairman Sergei Mitrokhin, adviser to Yavlinsky Mark Geilikman, deputy chairman of Yabloko Nikolai Rybakov and Alexander Gnezdilov, former mayor of Petrozavodsk Galina Shirshina and a member of the State Duma.

Income

Yavlinsky in 2013 filed a declaration of income for the previous year in the amount of 7.4 million rubles earned thanks to scientific activity. His wife earned 116 rubles in a year.

Rumors (scandals)

In the spring of 1996, when the presidential election campaign began, the son of a politician Mikhail Yavlinsky became a victim of political blackmail. He was kidnapped by unknown criminals, whose identities have never been established.

Grigory Yavlinsky received the package. The severed finger of the son's right hand was wrapped in a note: "If you don't leave politics, we'll cut off your son's head."

Immediately after that, Mikhail was released. The doctors performed a successful reconstructive operation. It was after this that the sons of Grigory Yavlinsky moved to London for security purposes.

May 10, 2004 in the TV program Andrey Karaulov"Moment of Truth" was shown a story about the oil fields "Sakhalin-1" and "Sakhalin-2", developed by Shell. The story reported that "as a result of the transfer of these mines to a foreign company, Russia lost at least $ 2.5 billion", in addition, "42 thousand residents of Sakhalin froze in their apartments due to the fact that local authorities cannot buy Sakhalin gas from Shell at world prices".