Manor Zamyatin - Tretyakov - a manor in Moscow at the address Gogolevsky Boulevard, Building 6, Building 1. Object cultural heritage federal significance

Manor at the end of the 19th century, an outbuilding and a transition between buildings are visible on the right

The main house of the estate dates back to the second half of the 18th century, when it was owned by Prince Peter Alexandrovich Menshikov. Under the next owner, Colonel Andrey Yegorovich Zamyatin, in 1806 two outbuildings were added symmetrically to the house. The house was damaged during the Moscow fire of 1812, during the restoration it was expanded and rebuilt in the Empire style. The main facade of the renovated building overlooking the boulevard was decorated with a six-column portico with a pediment, typical for the architecture of that period.

Grave of Dmitry Mikhailovich

Then the estate belonged to the military and statesman Dmitry Mikhailovich Lvov, then it was owned by an honorary citizen, merchant Olga Andreevna Mazurina. In 1854, in the neighborhood of the estate, an almshouse was built with the money of Mazurina at the Church of the Rzhev Mother of God. After the death of the owner in 1871, the estate, according to the will, went to the church.

Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov (January 19, 1834, Moscow - July 25, 1892, Peterhof) [- Russian entrepreneur, philanthropist, collector, real state councilor. The younger brother of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov. One of the founders Tretyakov Gallery.

In the same year, the estate was acquired by the merchant Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov, the church kept the site with the almshouse. The architect Alexander Stepanovich Kaminsky, who was Tretyakov's son-in-law, became the author of the project for the reconstruction of the estate, which was completed in 1873. The decor of the facades was made in the Russian-Byzantine style.

Sergei Mikhailovich was born into the family of Mikhail Zakharovich and Alexandra Danilovna Tretyakov. Mikhail Zakharovich kept small shops in Gostiny Dvor, owned a paper dyeing and finishing factory. At the age of 30, the merchant Tretyakov married the daughter of a merchant Danila Ivanovich Borisov, Alexandra Danilovna, who gave birth to twelve children in eighteen years of married life. Pavel became the firstborn, a year later Sergey was born.

The eldest sons received their education with the help of home teachers; they were invited by Mikhail Zakharovich, who himself tried to attend the classes. When the boys grew up, their father began to involve them in work in his shops: Pavel and Sergei followed the instructions of the clerk, called in customers, and did the cleaning. The weather brothers were very friendly, despite the difference in characters and temperaments: the laconic, focused Pavel rarely showed his feelings, Sergey usually looked “more frivolous”, “liked to force”

Collection preferences of Sergei Mikhailovich were not immediately apparent. According to Pavel Mikhailovich, in the early 1870s, his brother showed great attention to Russian painting. However, in the future, Sergei Tretyakov focused mainly on the work of foreign artists - in particular, German and French. Such a "division of the sphere of activity" was associated with an unwillingness to compete with an older brother. The collection of Tretyakov Jr., according to art historians, was distinguished by exceptional thoroughness of selection; the patron was primarily interested in representatives of the "Barbizon school" and academic painting.

For Kramskoy's painting "Moonlight Night", the second wife of S. M. Tretyakov, Elena Andreevna, posed for the artist.

In the 1870s, having married a second time, Sergei Mikhailovich moved to the estate, located on Prechistensky Boulevard, 6. The paintings that were in this house were united by a common romantic mood: they were based on "poetic landscapes", which were not acquired for the sake of showing but for your own enjoyment. Not considering himself a professional collector, Tretyakov nevertheless helped his brother form his gallery. So, being in the capital or abroad, he informed Pavel Mikhailovich about new works, the activities of painters, and general artistic trends. It was Sergey who insisted that the composer Anton Rubinstein, whom the Tretyakovs knew from childhood, agreed to pose for Repin; he also recommended to his brother not to buy the painting by Andrey Matveev "Battle of Kulikovo"

Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov (December 15, 1832, Moscow - December 4, 1898, Moscow) - Russian businessman, philanthropist, collector of works of Russian visual arts, founder of the Tretyakov Gallery.

The composition of the main facade of the building is symmetrical, along it there is a row of evenly spaced large windows with semicircular arches, the edges of the building stand out with tower-like risalits, which are crowned with a roof in the form of tents. The cornice is made in the form of a strip of small arches, the architect used even more elements of ancient Russian architecture when decorating the risalits: columns with cuboid capitals, capsules, inserts with a curb resting on consoles, kokoshniks. The main halls of the house were decorated in different historical styles: Gothic, Rocaille and Classical.

To accommodate the art collection of the owner of the estate, Kaminsky erected a two-story outbuilding. The building stands with a slight indent from the main house and is connected to it by two galleries.

Sergei Mikhailovich died during a trip to St. Petersburg in the summer of 1892. His body was transported to Moscow, having made a lithium along the way, and was buried on July 30 in the necropolis of the Danilov Monastery. For Pavel Mikhailovich, the departure of his brother became sudden; a year later, he turned to Repin with a request to paint a portrait of Sergei from a photograph.

At the same time, the issue of future fate collections of Tretyakov Jr. In his will, he indicated that he was ready to leave as a gift to the city paintings, large capital and part of the house in Lavrushinsky Lane that belonged to him. According to an inventory made a year earlier, the value of the collection, which included more than a hundred works, exceeded 500,000 rubles. Passing his collection to his brother, Sergei Mikhailovich noted.

“From the works of art that are in my house on Prechistensky Boulevard, I ask my brother Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov to take to join his collection ... everything that he finds necessary, so that the works of art he has taken receive the same purpose as he will give to his collection. »

Fulfilling the will of his brother, Pavel Mikhailovich decided to add his own museum to his collection, transferring the general gallery along with the mansion as a gift to Moscow. At the end of August 1892, a corresponding statement was sent to the city duma; in mid-September, the Duma decided to "accept the gift of the Tretyakov brothers and thank Pavel Mikhailovich." As N. A. Mudrogel, the oldest curator of the Tretyakov Gallery, recalled, after a while the exhibits that were in the Prechistensky house of Sergei Mikhailovich began to move to Lavrushinsky Lane. In August 1893, the opening of a museum called the Moscow City Gallery named after the brothers Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov took place.

Tretyakov died and after that his house was sold to the entrepreneur Pavel Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, who owned it until the 1917 revolution. With the advent of the new government, the estate was nationalized. Initially, in 1917, the building was occupied by the Revolutionary Tribunal, then the Military Prosecutor's Office was located here, and after the Great Patriotic War Department of Foreign Relations of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR.

Pavel Pavlovich Ryabushinsky (June 17, 1871, Moscow - July 19, 1924, Cambo-les-Bains, Third French Republic) - Russian businessman, banker, Old Believer, representative of the Ryabushinsky dynasty.

In 1987, the house came under the jurisdiction of the newly created Soviet Cultural Fund. In February 1994, the building was badly damaged by fire. During the restoration work of 1994-96, the stucco decoration and painting of the plafonds of the ceiling of the second floor, elements of the stair railings were restored.

An attic was made in the central part of the house from the side of the courtyard. The restoration also affected the outbuilding, the truss structures and the masonry of the walls of the transition between it and the main house were repaired. The project of work was carried out by the Spetsproektrestavratsiya Institute (supervisor N. I. Safontseva, author of the project T. V. Bashkina) and was awarded a diploma as the best restoration object for 1997 in Moscow. The former estate houses the Russian Cultural Fund, the successor of the Soviet fund

In 2014, the object was recognized as a laureate of the Moscow Government competition "Moscow Restoration - 2014". Currently, the Russian Cultural Foundation is located here under the direction of actor and director Nikita Mikhalkov. I invite you to admire the interiors of this amazing estate.

We continue to consider the beginning of Gogol Boulevard.
Until the 1870s on the odd side, at the site of the transport passage, the Chertoryy stream flowed. Therefore, the boulevard, built after 1812, has a stepped relief due to the height difference between the stream bank and its former channel. The granite wall on the inside of the boulevard was installed in 1950. Many of the most different trees and shrubs. It is mainly linden, poplar, maple.
At the beginning of the boulevard, on the left, a beige three-story building. At the beginning of the 19th century the house of Princess Volkonskaya was located here, at the end of the 19th century. the house was purchased by the famous baker Filippov, a supplier to the Court of His Imperial Majesty, and built on for a shop. The new owner set up a bakery in the yard, and opened a bakery on the corner.

The windows of the house are larger. Here we can consider a strict and at the same time beautiful decoration architraves.

In the corner building opposite (light gray, rather modest architecture) was the first men's gymnasium. Then Guerrier's women's courses were located here - the first in Moscow educational institution for women. Most of the building is located on Volkhonka.

Well, we went through a slender row of shops and now the boulevard itself opens before us. It is clearly seen here that the boulevard is arranged at a strong slope - the stream bed has not gone anywhere. To see the next house, we even have to climb the stairs.

Before us is a magnificent light pink house in the Russian-Byzantine style. The building was built in the first half of the 19th century, then it was the city house of the Tretyakov estate - the brother of the same Tretyakov who gave the city the famous art gallery. For some time in the house of Sergei Tretyakov his collection of domestic and European masters of painting was kept, which Sergei Mikhailovich subsequently bequeathed to his brother Pavel, and which became part of the collection of paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery.
At the end of the 19th century, after the death of Tretyakov, the building was acquired by big banker and manufacturer Pavel Ryabushinsky. It was soon rebuilt. The house acquired then fashionable Russian-Byzantine features - arches of windows, machicolations, capsules, curbs, capitals. Representatives of the Moscow intelligentsia often visited here, famous artists and musicians, including Repin, Tchaikovsky. After 1917, the Revolutionary Tribunal was located here for some time. Now the Russian Cultural Foundation is here.

The original gates, a luxurious metal fence, and solid interior decoration have survived to this day.

Now we go back down the stairs and go to the opposite side of the boulevard, where we again go down the stairs to the very edge of the roadway. It offers a magnificent view of the two-story red and white building. The elegant mansion was built in the middle of the 19th century. for a state adviser. Later, the architect Ton lived here, who oversaw the construction of the work of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior nearby.

View of the side facade:

In a two-story beige building next to it, a no less famous resident of our city, Vasily Stalin, lived with his family. Vlasik, head of the special security department, Stalin's main bodyguard, previously lived in this house. In 1949, his house was taken away, Stalin's son, a young commander, settled there. Air force Moscow military district. Limousines often drove up to this house, the mansion was illuminated, magnificent receptions were held, his friends, athletes came.

Vasily's personal life went awry. His habit of drinking irritated one wife after another, he showed little attention to children. Children could even be kept in a locked room for days, without food. Major General Stalin was not interested in the house, he was there less and less. All his activities were directed outside the home. He enthusiastically took up the development of sports. Air Force teams were legendary. Vasily managed to get the best athletes: Bobrov, Tarasov, Reva ... He knocked out apartments for them, good positions, high salaries.
The fate of these two famous residents of the house was sad. They entered here at the parade, at the height of their careers, and then they were put out of here, treating them like the worst enemies of the people.

This mansion behind a high fence contrasts with the beige mansion of the late 19th century next to it. The facade of Ievlev's house is quite simple, but it is favorably emphasized by bay windows - symmetrically protruding parts of the house on the second floor.

The windows are shattered according to the fashion of the time. We often see such houses built in the Art Nouveau style.

We leave the left side of the boulevard, go to the other side, where a cultural contrast awaits us. The light pink house in the style of constructivism was built in the late 1920s as an experimental public and residential complex of the Stalproekt Research Institute. The architects of this house became its first tenants. The same creative team worked on the design of the Narkomfin building.

House of Narkomfin on Novinsky Boulevard, 25

Photo from Turometer website. There you can also see an interesting photo walk through the buildings in the style of constructivism in the center of Moscow.

The complex consists of three buildings: for singles, family and public one-story block with a dining room and a club. canteen, laundry, Kindergarten and playrooms are settled in a separate building. In multi-level honeycomb apartments ("cells"), a unique layout is only a bedroom, a living room, a hall and a toilet. On the floor is the original xylolite, which you can walk barefoot on. Xylolite is made from wood shavings. The floors from it become warm, silent and dust-free. The walls are lined with fiberboard, which was new for the time of its construction. Fiberboard is an artificial heat-insulating material. Obtained by mixing wood chips, sawdust with a binder, thanks to which the tree does not rot. The resulting material is light and has good sound and heat insulation. Distinctive feature buildings - a flat roof, where a solarium was arranged.

The house was built over the cellars of the Church of the Rzhev Mother of God, built in honor of the transfer of miraculous icons from Rzhev to Moscow in 1540. Closed and demolished in 1929.
The complex of houses is an object of cultural heritage.

We turn our backs on this Soviet hulk and another high house appears in front of us. Once it was an apartment building, originally 5-storey. In our time, it was rebuilt and now it houses the Gogolevsky business center.

The austere façade is adorned with small balconies and frieze lines, the bottom of which depicts a woman with a child riding a dolphin.

We pass the house to the end and it is relatively classic look is replaced by a real faceless modern:

Slightly in the depths of the square stands a blue three-story house. The film "Pokrovsky Gates" was filmed in the courtyard of this house.

Lyudmila Kusakova, production designer of the film: "The courtyard in which we filmed, that's like a courtyard in front of this apartment - near the Kropotkinskaya metro station. And there was such a - surprisingly in Moscow - a real Russian Empire style. And the pioneer, by the way, from my yard. Because we had to put up ... I wanted to put there just such a sculpture characteristic of those times. We lived in the Peschanaya district, and there in each yard we had 4, 5 absolutely ridiculous, so to speak, sculptures. Not without asking permission, they just took it with a crane, loaded it and took it away, and no one noticed anything. And they arrived there, set it up - and no one noticed anything there either. Now this courtyard is impossible to recognize. balconies, there are some endless offices.
The secret of the fact that this picture still looks great today is that we managed to somehow catch that, I would say, even the communal atmosphere that existed in those years. She was in a good sense communal. Because the point is not that everyone lived in communal apartments, or the majority lived, but there was human communication. People also lived in separate apartments, but they went to visit each other, treated each other to the first piece of the pie ... And, of course, all people today have some kind of nostalgia for this human communication."

You can read the vivid story of the filming of "Pokrovsky Gates". Recording of the program "Motley Ribbon", 2002

There is an interesting film and photo walk through the frames of the film "Pokrovsky Gates".

Gogolevsky Boulevard is associated with another famous film - Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears. It was here, on the boulevard bench, that Katya and Rudolf (Rodion) met. She asked him to find a doctor, he did not help. The second time they met here, twenty years later, when she forbade him to see her daughter.

In a neighboring house, a yellow mansion, until the middle of the 19th century. General Yermolov lived for more than 10 years. Later he moved to the neighboring Prechistenka.
Yermolov distinguished himself in the battles near Maloyaroslavets and at Borodino, where he personally led the soldiers on the attack and recaptured the "Raevsky battery" from the French. Participated in the military council in Fili. He left Moscow last in the main column of troops. After his resignation from the post of commander-in-chief of the civilian unit in Georgia and the commander of the Separate Caucasian Corps (1827), he lived in Orel and the village of Lukyanchikovo, Oryol province, and came to Moscow every year. From 1839 he lived in this mansion in winter. In his Moscow homes Yermolov gathered a rich library of more than 9,000 volumes, bound books himself, and wrote a bookbinding manual.

Yermolov was elected an honorary member of Moscow University "in respect for excellent services for the benefit of the Fatherland." In 1855, on the occasion of the university's centenary, he donated over 8,000 books to its library for a nominal fee (Yermolov's collection constitutes a separate fund of the Scientific Library of Moscow State University). Yermolov enjoyed great popularity and respect among Muscovites.
Yermolov's name is given to a street in the area of ​​the Borodino Panorama (General Yermolov Street), it is also immortalized on memorial plaques in the Georgievsky Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace.

Yermolov's small mansion is adjacent to Pavlov's huge tenement house, built in 1900. The five-story gray building stands at a corner and repeats the rounded line of the boulevard with its shapes.

The house is made in eclectic style. This style involves mixing other styles, choosing from them what you like. You can consider the central window larger:

Near Pavlov's house, we come to a large open area where a monument to Sholokhov is erected.

To be continued...

Gogolevsky Boulevard in Moscow is one of the most beautiful and historically valuable places in the capital of Russia. This boulevard is part of the famous Boulevard Ring of Moscow, which consists of 10 boulevards. The squares, also included in the Boulevard Ring, in whose names there is the word "gate", are a kind of reminder of the defensive wall of the White City, on the site of which the Boulevard Ring was laid. It was the ideas of the architect V. Dolganov, which were successfully implemented, that gave each boulevard of the Boulevard Ring of Moscow an individuality. In 1978, the Boulevard Ring was declared a monument of garden and park art.

Gogolevsky Boulevard starts from Prechistensky Gate Square and reaches Arbat Gate Square. The Boulevard Ring of Moscow begins from Prechistensky Gate Square and Gogolevsky Boulevard. From the side of the boulevard, the Kropotkinskaya metro station comes out onto the Prechistensky Gate Square, named after Prince Peter Alekseevich Kropotkin, a former ardent revolutionary, theorist of anarchism, a famous scientist who devoted his life to studying East Asia.

The history of Gogolevsky Boulevard is very interesting. Until 1924, it was called Prechistensky because of the very carefully plastered wall of the White City, which then stood on the site of the boulevard. The city itself was located on the steep bank of the Chertoroy stream, which was later taken into an underground pipe. From Arbatskaya Square to Kropotkinskaya Square can be reached by trolleybus. It should also be noted that where today Gogolevsky Boulevard and Sivtsev Vrazhek lane intersect, earlier its tributary Sivets stream flowed into the Chertoroy stream. Chertoroy itself was distinguished by the fact that one of its banks was high, the other low. In the last century, many famous personalities liked to visit here: Gogol, Herzen, Turgenev.

The well-known fire of 1812 did not bypass Prechistensky Boulevard. Many buildings were destroyed, so the boulevard lost its original appearance, but soon it was almost completely restored. In 1880, a horse-drawn railway was laid here, which passed through the entire Boulevard Ring. In 1911, on the site of this road, the tram "A" was put into operation, i.e. Annushka, which for a long time was the only mode of transport on the Boulevard Ring. The metro station on the boulevard opened in 1935. At that time, it was called the Palace of Soviets and only in 1957 began to be called Kropotkinskaya.

The current name of the boulevard was given in 1924 during the celebrations of the 125th anniversary of the famous Russian writer N.V. Gogol. If we compare Gogolevsky Boulevard with all the other boulevards in Moscow, it turns out that it ranks second in length. No less remarkable is the fact that Gogolevsky Boulevard is three-stage, since its internal passage is located on the upper stage, the boulevard itself is on the middle one, and the external passage is on the lower one. Such a relief of the boulevard was formed due to the fact that the Chertoroy stream had unequal banks in height.

Gogolevsky Boulevard itself is fraught with many secrets, in particular with regards to architecture. Each side of the boulevard has its own aesthetics, its own character, its own individuality. The old mansion No. 5, erected for the state adviser Sekretarev, attracts the eye. Later, the house was occupied by the architect Ton, who supervised the construction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. In the 40s of the 20th century, the family of Vasily Stalin lived in this house. The house number 23 is quite remarkable; it attracts tourists with stained-glass blades located between the windows of the fifth floor. In summer, on a clear, fine day, one cannot fail to notice how close the color of the ceramic inserts is to the color of the sky. A little further away in one of the courtyards you can see a small church of the Apostle Philip, built in the 17th century.

The even side of Gogolevsky Boulevard is famous for the fact that almost every house either lived or stayed here. famous people. So, A.S. often spent time in house No. 2. Pushkin, and house number 6 was built specifically for the mayor S.M. Tretyakov, brother of the famous philanthropist P.M. Tretyakov. In 1929-1930, the House of Artists was erected here, on the project of which a group of architects worked, including I. Leonidov, V. Vladimirov, M. Barshch and others. A striking example of Moscow classicism is mansion No. 10 on Gogol Boulevard. Initially, the famous Decembrist M. Naryshkin lived in it and was subsequently arrested. Today, walking along Gogolevsky Boulevard, on this house you can see a marble plaque depicting shackles intertwined with a branch of laurel, which was installed in memory of the Decembrists who gathered here. Having gone a little further, we find ourselves near the house number 14, where the Central Chess Club is now located. And in the 19th century, this building was a kind of center musical life Moscow. Chaliapin, Rachmaninov, Glazunov visited the house.

The symbol of Gogolevsky Boulevard is the monument to N.V. Gogol, which has a long and controversial history.

Almost at the end of Gogolevsky Boulevard there is a monument to M. Sholokhov, the project of which was developed by the sculptor A. Rukavishnikov. So far, the main idea of ​​the author is not fully visible, since the monument is at the installation stage. Crossing the road from Gogolevsky Boulevard, we find ourselves in a quiet, peaceful place. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior flaunts here, built as a kind of gratitude to the Lord God for intercession in the fight against the Napoleonic invasion of 1812. If you walk along Gogolevsky Boulevard back to the Prechistensky Gates, then another surprise awaits you: approaching the arch at the entrance to the boulevard, you will be surprised to find that the sky begins right behind it.

Gogolevsky Boulevard appears both in literature and in cinema. It is described in the Moscow of the future Kir Bulychev, it is here that the action of two scenes of the film "Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears" by director Vladimir Menshov takes place. Gogolevsky Boulevard itself is a symbol of the fusion of nature and civilization, since roads pass near the wooded areas, where you can even pick mushrooms. It is safe to say that tourists will be satisfied with a walk along Gogolevsky Boulevard, because here the spirit of history, reflected in ancient architecture, is maximally concentrated.

Our journey-walk will start from the pavilion of the Kropotkinskaya metro station.

Not far from the Kropotkinskaya metro station on Gogolevsky Boulevard, there is a beautiful neo-Russian mansion. For a long time it was closed, and even now access is limited there, the Russian Cultural Fund is located here. This is the main house of the former city estate of A.E. Zamyatin, later S.M. Tretyakov, and even later P.P. Ryabushinsky.

What does the mansion look like inside, what has been preserved and what has been restored —>

History of the mansion

The main house of the estate was built here in the second half of the 18th century under Prince Peter Alexandrovich Menshikov and was a stone chamber. To the wall of the White City, he stood, as it should be, with his back, and with a beautiful facade and an entrance with pylons of the gate, he went out to Bolshoy Znamensky Lane.

In 1806, the estate got a new owner, Colonel Andrey Yegorovich Zamyatin. After the fire of 1812, Zamyatin rebuilt the house, turning it 180 degrees. The front suite with a beautiful six-column portico under a triangular pediment now looked at the new Prechistensky Boulevard, which appeared on the site of the demolished wall of the White City.

Further, the estate was owned by state councilors chamberlain Dmitry Mikhailovich Lvov and honorary citizen merchant Olga Andreevna Mazurina. After the death of Mazurina in 1871, the estate was sold to the merchant Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov (1834-1892).

Sergei Mikhailovich is the younger brother of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov. The brothers continued the work of their father, Mikhail Zakharyevich Tretyakov, they were "linen workers". Linen in Russia has always been considered a native Russian product. Kostroma was the supplier of domestic linen, yarn and thread. Here the Tretyakovs, together with their son-in-law Konshin, founded in 1866 a large linen manufactory (spinning and weaving mills) - the Great Kostroma Manufactory.

Sergei Mikhailovich married early, in 1856, the daughter of the merchant Mazurin, Elizaveta Sergeevna (1837-1860). Beautiful and young, they loved merry balls, which during the time of grooming were constantly held in Tolmachi, where the Tretyakovs lived. Well-known artists, artists, musicians gathered. Sergei Mikhailovich was especially friendly with the latter, among whom he singled out Rubinstein and Bulakhov. “They danced until you drop, until dawn,” writes V.P. Siloti. “His young wife changed clothes three times during the ball: either a cherry dress with diamonds, then a white satin dress with gold ears on the tanks, then a fawn “tulle-illusion”. And all evening, a personal hairdresser styled her hair after each dressing. Everyone was captivated by the young beauty of the bride and groom.

On December 6, 1857, their son Nikolai was born. But happiness did not last long. In 1860, Elizaveta Sergeevna died during childbirth. Having remained a widower early, Sergei Mikhailovich headed the Paris branch of the company and spent a lot of time in Paris.

In 1868 he marries again. Elena Andreevna Matveeva becomes his chosen one. The daughter of a nobleman who came from a merchant environment. Elena Andreevna was very proud of her nobility and emphasized it all the time. The character was absurd and heavy. As a result, the families of the brothers were not friends. For a brilliant social life, to which the wife aspired, a new house was bought.

The architect Alexander Stepanovich Kaminsky (husband of Tretyakov's sister) was invited to radically rebuild the mansion. It was then that the main house received the decor of the facades, made in the neo-Russian style. The decor of arches, consoles gives the building a look similar to the buildings of ancient Russian architecture.

The main entrance to the building is shifted to the right and highlighted by a beautifully patterned metal canopy on thin cast-iron columns - a detail Kaminsky loves and often uses in his projects.

Beautiful mansion fence.

The rebuilding of the main house was carried out in 1871-1873. At the same time, to accommodate the art collection of the owner of the estate, Kaminsky erected a two-story outbuilding with large windows. The building stands on the right with a slight indent from the main house and is connected to it by two passages - galleries.

If you enter the house through the front porch, then we find ourselves in the lobby of the first floor.

It must be said that the lower floor, where the people's rooms, pantries, kitchen and servants were located, was decorated very simply. The original stone vaults during the restructuring of Kaminsky were replaced by reinforced concrete vaults "Monnier". It was one of the first applications of this design in Moscow, and even on such a scale.

From the lobby, visitors enter the main staircase, decorated in a classic style.

Chandelier above the stairs.

On the second floor, the entire length of the mansion was decorated with a front suite of halls. The mansion was immediately designed for a front, noisy crowd of guests, numerous receptions, banquets and so on. From the landing on the second floor, the door leads directly to the entrance hall, the door on the right leads to the ballroom, from which the enfilade of halls begins, running along the facade, the door to the left leads to the passage connecting the main building with the gallery.

View of the stairs from the landing of the second floor.

From the top of the stairs, guests entered the ballroom. It is magnificently decorated with stucco with a large number of cupids, which is why it is now called amorous.

Sergei Mikhailovich was friends with Nikolai Grigorievich Rubinstein from childhood. Even Elena Andreevna loved him very much. It was in her arms that he died in Paris in 1881. The great pianist and composer often played in this hall. Other outstanding musicians of that time also performed here.

The ceiling in this hall is unusually good - elegant stucco and in the center of the panel with the chariot of Apollo and cupids.

The doors in the hall are veneered Karelian birch and rich gilding. However, this does not mean at all that there was so much gilding under Sergei Mikhailovich.

Another cupid is located in a recess near the cupid hall.

Behind the arches in the hall is an entrance hall with a fireplace. This is not the only fireplace in the house, the architect loved them, not without reason he bore the name Kaminsky. He passed on his love for fireplaces to his student, the later famous architect Shekhtel.

I want to note that this is one of the first mansions where the premises are made in different styles. In 1871, this was still a curiosity. But then it became fashionable and every self-respecting house began to have Gothic, Romanesque, Rocaille, Baroque rooms. Suffice it to name the famous Moscow mansions of Smirnov and Stakheev.

From ballroom the door leads to the dining room. This is one of the first dining rooms made in the Gothic style. Kaminsky skillfully used the details of old Gothic buildings in decor and decoration. The main thing in this hall is a huge medieval fireplace. Closets and doors to the pantry were hidden in the walls.

In the course of the reconstruction, Kaminsky added a gallery building with two large floors to the main building. We pass through the transition to this gallery. Last years the mansion was under restoration, which removed all the changes made by the Ministry of Defense in Soviet time. During this restoration, the space between the main building and the gallery was blocked and an inner courtyard was formed, which we see when we go out onto the preserved cast-iron balcony.

Floor on the balcony.

From below, the base of the balcony looks like this.

Gallery building inside.

The windows have small stained-glass windows.

Decorations on the ceiling of the gallery.

Sergei Mikhailovich began to collect paintings a little later than his brother. Like his older brother, he could spend hours walking around exhibitions, unmistakably guessing their real value in paintings, discovering new talents. Frequently traveling abroad on business, he collected good collection Western European painting. He collected mainly artists of the French school. Several famous paintings from the collection, such as Camille Corot's Bathing Diana, are now in the Pushkin Museum.

But it cannot be said that S.M. Tretyakov collected only foreign artists. He had a good gallery of Russian artists, but they most often hung in his brother's gallery. And in this mansion there have always been "Grandma's Garden" by Polenov and "Moonlight Night" by Kramskoy (portrait of the mistress of the mansion).

In the 1880s, Elena Andreevna's dream came true - her husband received the nobility and the title of State Councilor. In 1889, she nevertheless persuaded her husband to live more in St. Petersburg, closer to high society and the tsar. There, at a dacha in Peterhof in August 1892, he died unexpectedly. He was buried in Moscow at the Danilovsky cemetery.

In 1893, Elena Andreevna sold the mansion to Pavel Pavlovich Ryabushinsky (1871-1924). The eldest of the nine sons of Pavel Mikhailovich Ryabushinsky, at that time he became his father's deputy in all matters. Pavel Pavlovich at his own expense published the magazine "Word of the Church" and the weekly "Voice of the Old Believers". One of the most famous politicians of the beginning of the 20th century, P.P. Ryabushinsky provided financial support to the “Council of Congresses of Representatives of Industry and Trade”, published the newspaper “Morning of Russia”. The most prominent Russian economists gathered in his house on Prechistensky Boulevard, plans were made to prevent various kinds of revolutions in the empire and the economic reorganization of Russia. But these plans were not destined to come true: first the war prevented, then the revolution. In 1918, all the brothers went into exile. P.P. Ryabushinsky died in absolute poverty in 1924 in Paris.

History is a tricky thing. After the Bolsheviks came to power in 1917, it was in this house that the Revolutionary Tribunal was located, which began to punish the enemies of the Soviet state, including Ryabushinsky's associates and colleagues.

These living rooms were redone in 1902 by order of Ryabushinsky. Their old photographs have not been preserved. According to famous connoisseur Moscow nobleman Irina Levina, whose materials formed the basis of this story, and the wallpaper and lions on the fireplace are modern fantasies, just like the Italian doors in these rooms. Here in the last twenty years, in general, a lot of things have been done anew.

In Soviet times, the mansion was under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs, for a long time it was occupied by the services of the USSR Ministry of Defense. In 1986, the estate was transferred to the Soviet Cultural Foundation, headed by academician Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev. But the main thing is that the wife of the Secretary General, Raisa Maksimovna Gorbacheva, was in the leadership of the Fund, thanks to whom it was possible to take the mansion away from the Ministry of Defense. In 1989, there was a fire here, and the building was damaged.

In 1993, the Cultural Foundation, now Russian, was headed by Nikita Sergeevich Mikhalkov. In February 1994, another strong fire broke out in the Foundation building, causing enormous damage to the unique building. Only thanks to the authority and perseverance of Mikhalkov, the Government Russian Federation funds were allocated for the reconstruction and restoration of the building. The building of the Russian Cultural Foundation was awarded a diploma as the best object of restoration in 1997 in Moscow.

Already in our century, a new restoration of the mansion was carried out, which lasted eight years. In 2006, a program for the restoration of the estate began with the efforts of the foundation. Later connected the state. Repair and restoration work at the cultural heritage site was carried out by the Ministry of Culture of Russia from 2011 to 2014 as part of the federal target program "Culture of Russia". This restoration removed all the restructuring of the Ministry of Defense. For example, the halls of the gallery were divided into floors, and now they have been recreated.

The restored mansion was inaugurated on October 1, 2014. The Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation Vladimir Medinsky took part in the opening ceremony.

Publication prepared by: Vasily P. Photo by the author.

The main house of the estate (Gogolevsky Boulevard, 6, building 1) dates back to the second half of the 18th century, when it was owned by Prince Pyotr Alexandrovich Menshikov. Under the next owner, Colonel Andrey Yegorovich Zamyatin, in 1806 two outbuildings were added symmetrically to the house. The house was damaged during the Moscow fire of 1812, during the restoration it was expanded and rebuilt in the Empire style. The main facade of the renovated building overlooking the boulevard was decorated with a six-column portico with a pediment, typical for the architecture of that period.
Then the estate belonged to the military and statesman Dmitry Mikhailovich Lvov, then it was owned by an honorary citizen, merchant Olga Andreevna Mazurina. In 1854, in the neighborhood of the estate, an almshouse was built with the money of Mazurina at the Church of the Rzhev Mother of God (Bolshoi Znamensky Lane 5, building 1). After the death of the owner in 1871, the estate, according to the will, went to the church. In the same year, the estate was acquired by a merchant, philanthropist and collector Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov, the church kept the site with the almshouse. The architect Alexander Stepanovich Kaminsky, who was Tretyakov's son-in-law, became the author of the project for the reconstruction of the estate, which was completed in 1873. The decor of the facades was made in the Russian-Byzantine style. The composition of the main facade of the building is symmetrical, along it there is a row of evenly spaced large windows with semicircular arches, the edges of the building stand out with tower-like risalits, which are crowned with a roof in the form of tents. The cornice is made in the form of a strip of small arches, the architect used even more elements of ancient Russian architecture when decorating the risalits: columns with cuboid capitals, capsules, inserts with a curb resting on consoles, kokoshniks. The main halls of the house were decorated in different historical styles: Gothic, Rocaille and Classical.

To accommodate the art collection of the owner of the estate, Kaminsky erected a two-story outbuilding. The building stands with a slight indent from the main house and is connected to it by two galleries.

Tretyakov died in 1894, after which his house was sold to the entrepreneur Pavel Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, who owned it until the 1917 revolution. With the advent of the new government, the estate was nationalized. Initially, in 1917, the building was occupied by the Revolutionary Tribunal, then the Military Prosecutor's Office was located here, and after the Great Patriotic War - the Foreign Relations Department of the USSR Ministry of Defense.

In 1987, the house came under the jurisdiction of the newly created Soviet Cultural Fund. In February 1994, the building was badly damaged by fire. During the restoration work of 1994-96, the stucco decoration and painting of the plafonds of the ceiling of the second floor, elements of the stair railings were restored. An attic was made in the central part of the house from the side of the courtyard. The restoration also affected the outbuilding, the truss structures and the masonry of the walls of the transition between it and the main house were repaired. The project of work was carried out by the Spetsproektrestavratsiya Institute (supervisor N. I. Safontseva, author of the project T. V. Bashkina) and was awarded a diploma as the best restoration object for 1997 in Moscow. The main house of the former estate houses the Russian Cultural Fund, the successor of the Soviet fund[.