Prominent people of Russia. Historical figures of Russia

Over the centuries of history in Russia, there have been many personalities whose names have entered the annals of the country in red letters. Outstanding rulers, artists, travelers, commanders, heroes, athletes - they all deserve to be on the list of "Famous People of Russia". However, there are too many such names, and it is extremely difficult, or rather, practically impossible, to compile a complete list. Therefore, each of the authors tries to enter the names of celebrities into it, based on various criteria, taking as a basis a certain principle. After analyzing the pages of Russian history, we tried to compile a list of the great ones by their recognition outside our country.

Initially, there were no sole rulers in the Russian state. Each city had its own prince, who considered himself sovereign. Among these feudal lords were those who were able to stand out more than others. Therefore, the list of “The Most Famous People of Russia” begins with the names of some of these rulers, for example, Prince Oleg, Igor, under whom Kievan Rus adopted the Christian faith, Yaroslav the Wise, etc. I would like to add to this list also the name of the Grand Russian Duchess Olga, his wife. Also quite famous personalities are Vladimir Monomakh and his son Yuri Dolgoruky. And Alexander Nevsky? Prince of Novgorod, who became famous thanks to the victory over the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva. A century later, another Russian prince Dmitry Donskoy became famous in the Battle of Kulikovo. Ivan the Fourth, nicknamed the Terrible for his temper, is one of the most iconic figures in Russian history. In addition to this, he “became famous” as a son-killing tsar, and, naturally, one cannot do without him when compiling the list of “Famous People of Russia”. Here you also need to enter the name of the reformer tsar, who “cut through a huge window to Europe”, Peter the Great (First). After him, for almost two centuries, the country was mainly ruled by female persons: Catherine the First, Elizaveta Petrovna, Anna Ioannovna, Anna Leopoldovna, the Great Empress Catherine the Second. Then tsars again began to rule Russia: Nicholas the First, Alexanders the Second and the Third, etc. The last Russian emperor was Nicholas the Second, who became a victim of communist terror.

Great Favorites

It just so happened that the Russian rulers gave great powers to their favorites. So, for example, under Peter the Great, one of the highest positions in the state was occupied by a certain Alexander Menshikov, a peasant by birth. As for the queens, they were generally surrounded by a whole army of favorites, the most persistent of whom began to rule the state instead of royalty, having received the ranks of ministers and chancellors. Naryshkin, Shuvalov, Biron, Grigory Orlov, and others - all these names can also take places in the list of "famous people of Russia", since their role in government is simply colossal. The last favorite of the Russian throne was the healer and healer Grigory Rasputin. He had unlimited power over Empress Maria Feodorovna, as he treated her sick son, the heir to the throne.

Leaders and first secretaries of the Communist Party of the USSR - famous people of Russia in the 20th century

The beginning of the twentieth century was marked by events of unprecedented significance - the fall of the Russian Empire as a result of the revolution, as well as the outbreak of the First World War. During this period, Vladimir Lenin was considered the most famous person not only in Russia, but throughout the world. Later, the “Great Leader of the Peoples” Joseph Stalin, who was considered the winners of the Second World War, gained no less popularity. Of the Soviet leaders abroad, Nikita Khrushchev also managed to distinguish himself, whose eccentric trick in the UN assembly hall simply shocked the entire Western society, and Mikhail Gorbachev, the first president of the USSR, who contributed to the “redrawing” of all of Europe and forever inscribed his name on the pages world history. You can also see some photos of famous people of Russia that are mentioned in this article in the text.

Famous Russian artists

Our people have always been famous for their creative potential. A great variety of writers and poets, composers and artists, architects, playwrights and artists, singers and dancers, etc. form part of the world art treasury. Among poets and writers, a special place is occupied by Pushkin, Lermontov, Derzhavin, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Dostoevsky, Bunin and others. Of the composers, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Shostakovich and others are especially popular. Konstantin Stanislavsky is still considered one of the most bright figures in the development of modern theatrical art. Well, the famous ballet dancers and dancers Maya Plisetskaya, Galina Ulanova, glorified Russian ballet to the whole world.

Famous people of Russia of the 21st century

The 21st century is the century of globalization. The Internet, satellite TV, the ability to easily tour from one end of the world to the other have made the names of many Russian artists, athletes, politicians, etc. more recognizable outside their country. Of course, the most famous Russian of our time is none other than the President of the Russian Federation - Vladimir Putin. Quite famous personalities are also some oligarchs: Abramovich, Berezovsky, Khodorkovsky, Usmanov and others.

The most famous people of Russia of our time are also the prima donna of the Russian stage Alla Pugacheva, the famous director-brothers - Andrey Konchalovsky and Nikita Mikhalkov, the famous conductor and violinist Spivakov, the singers Lyubov Kazarnovskaya and Anna Netrebko, ballet dancers Tsiskaridze, Volochkova, Liepa and others.

Conclusion

There are a great many famous names among the sons and daughters of Russia. Among them are world-famous scientists, such as Lomonosov and Mendeleev, Kurchatov and Landau; designers and testers, cosmonauts (Gafgarin and Tereshkova), artists, painters, etc.

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Time is a harmful and elusive thing. It always oozes through your fingers and flows away to no one knows where. What to do if all your life you wanted to write symphonies better than Mozart's, and you have two children, a wife, a mother, and a burning project in addition to everything?

We are in website We are also extremely concerned about this problem: we want to realize ourselves in life and not choke on a bone. Not to give up and do great things, we are helped by examples of famous people who certainly had enough 24 hours a day.

Leonardo da Vinci

The famous “universal man” will head our list. Recall that Leonardo is an outstanding Renaissance artist (does everyone remember Gioconda?), an inventor (all his inventions formed the basis for the construction of modern submarines), a scientist, as well as a writer and musician. And he was the first to explain why the sky is blue: "The blue of the sky is due to the thickness of the illuminated particles of air, which is located between the Earth and the blackness above." He managed all this thanks to his own developed sleep system: he slept for a total of 2 hours (lights out for 15 minutes several times a day), and in all the rest of his free time he changed the world and himself for the better.

Anton Chekhov

The brilliant brother of his brother (he had such a pseudonym). The famous master of the short story, humorist and satirist, the greatest playwright and part-time doctor. He himself admitted: “Medicine is my legal wife, and literature is my mistress. When one gets bored, I spend the night at the other. Constantly torn at the crossroads of his two talents, Chekhov was engaged in medical affairs until the end of his life. He even gave his dogs names according to the name of drugs: Bromine and Hina. But he also respected his “mistress”: over the course of his life, Chekhov created more than 300 works, including short stories and impressive dramas. And the great comedian loved to collect stamps. Here was a man!

Vladimir Nabokov

Writer and entomologist, self-taught entomologist. In honor of Vladimir Vladimirovich, more than 20 genera of butterflies are named, one of which (that's cute!) Is called Nabokovia. Nabokov also played chess very well. They made several difficult chess problems. His love for this intellectual sport was reflected in the novel "Luzhin's Defense". Recall that Nabokov was fluent in English. "Lolita" in America is loved just as much as we do.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe was known not only as a great writer and poet, but also as a scientist: he made some discoveries in the field of the theory of light. In addition, he actively collected minerals - his collection includes 18,000 copies (it is clear where Faust got such a craving for alchemy). The author of the famous drama was so lucky or well done that he slept only 5 hours a day, and he had enough strength for many, many accomplishments. Perhaps this is because Goethe adhered to strict rules and was a supporter of a healthy lifestyle: he did not drink alcohol at all and could not stand the smell of tobacco smoke. That is why he lived for 82 years and managed to create so many things.

Hugh Jackman

Not only a famous actor, but also a Broadway artist, and what a one! Within one season, he managed to get all the major theater awards. Everyone knows the third area of ​​Jackman's activity, in which he achieved success - family life. Hugh and Deborra-Lee Furness have been married for 20 years, and together they have two children. Yes, what is there! Our Hugh is generally capable of everything: he can play the piano, guitar, violin, and also ... vibrate his pupils and even juggle. Probably even Wolverine can't do that.

Salvador Dali

Everyone says that he is crazy, but they are silent about the fact that he was universal. Dali is famous not only as a painter and sculptor, but also as the director of the terrible Andalusian Dog. Dali also wrote several "works": "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, told by himself" and "The Diary of a Genius." For the sake of his psychedelic masterpieces, the humble genius often "perverted" in terms of sleep. Let us explain: Dali hired a special servant for himself, who, seeing that the owner was starting to fall asleep in complete exhaustion, woke him up after waiting a few seconds. The disheveled Dali immediately grabbed the paper and tried to sketch what he saw in the first seconds of the superficial phase of sleep.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Russian natural scientist, chemist and physicist, poet, artist... you can hardly list everything here. Lomonosov is not just an active figure - he is revered as a reformer. It was he who carried out the reform of versification. Therefore, by memorization of iambs and choreas, we, oddly enough, are obliged to an outstanding chemist. By the way, being smart does not mean being bullied. While studying in Marburg, for example, Lomonosov perfectly mastered the ability to handle a sword. Local bullies avoided this overly capable and skillful Muscovite. That's certainly a talented person is talented in everything!

Isaac Newton

Everyone should know that he is not only famous for the apple that fell on his head. Newton wrote books on theology, where he spoke about the denial of the Holy Trinity, and was also chairman of the Royal Society of Arts. Not many people know that Newton also invented two stunningly ingenious things: a means for carrying cats and a door for them (where would we be without them now?). His love for furry and mustachioed friends is to blame for this. Newton preferred vigorous activity to sleep - he took only 4 hours a day for night rest.

Benjamin Franklin

We all know him as an uncle from the dollar and politics, but Franklin is still like our Lomonosov. He was a journalist and inventor. He invented, for example, the stove (“Pennsylvania fireplace”), and also predicted the weather. The first developed a detailed map of the Gulf Stream. He founded the Philadelphia Academy, as well as the first public library in the States. Franklin also had musical talent. Uncle Ben managed to keep up with everything by strictly following the daily regimen, in which only 4 hours a day were allotted for sleep.

Alexander Borodin

A man whose portrait hangs both in the music class and in the chemistry class. Do you know that the author of the famous opera "Prince Igor" was also a chemist and physician? He jokingly called himself a "Sunday musician": he had to sacrifice days off in order to create something of that kind for the world of music. The memory of Borodin's everyday life was left by his wife: "I could sit for ten hours in a row, I could not sleep at all, not have lunch." Still would! After all, as you know, one of Borodin's mottos was such a super-motivating phrase: "All that we do not have, we owe only to ourselves." Alexander Porfirievich was also an active public figure - he was one of the initiators of the opening of Women's Medical Courses.

Flea (Michael Peter Balzary)

The tireless and daring bass player of the Red Hot Chilli Peppers. He became famous for his unique style of playing the bass guitar, which was dubbed as slapping and popping - slaps and tweaks. It is surprising that Flea went to study music only in 2008 (after 25 years of playing as part of a group) - he admitted that he always played by ear, but did not know music theory. Nevertheless, Flea is recognized as one of the best bass players of all time. As they say, play for a quarter of a century and learn for a century. And if you think that rock musicians do nothing but rebel all day long, then Flea is a rebuttal to you: his filmography includes 25 films, including cartoons. By the way, he is that crazy boss in the movie "Back to the Future - 2".

Michael Bulgakov

In his youth, Bulgakov worked as a zemstvo doctor, and he had to be a generalist: a general practitioner, a gynecologist, a surgeon, and a dentist. "Notes of a Young Doctor" owe their birth to that period of the young Bulgakov's life. It was difficult to combine healing and creativity, so I had to “plow” a shift, treat the unpretentious village people all day, and then also carve out time for writing ... Whatever you don’t sacrifice for the sake of art. Once, in a letter to his mother, he wrote: “At night I write“ Notes of a Zemstvo Doctor. It might turn out to be a solid thing." Bulgakov is also an example of the correct attitude towards criticism. He collected critical articles about his work, including 298 negative and 3 positive reviews from critics.

Well, do you still think that you do not have enough time?

There have been many smart people in Russian history. Brilliant mathematicians, chemists, physicists, geologists, philosophers - they made a contribution to both Russian and world science.

1 Mikhail Lomonosov

The first Russian natural scientist of world importance, encyclopedist, chemist, physicist, astronomer, instrument maker, geographer, metallurgist, geologist, poet, artist, historian. A man under two meters, possessing tremendous strength, not shy about using it, and ready to give in the eye - if justice required. Mikhail Lomonosov is practically a superman.

2 Dmitry Mendeleev

Russian Da Vinci, the ingenious father of the periodic table of elements, Mendeleev was a versatile scientist and public figure. So, he made a significant and invaluable contribution to the oil industry.

Mendeleev said: “Oil is not fuel! You can also drown with banknotes! With his filing, the barbaric four-year payoff for oil fields was canceled. Then Mendeleev proposed to transport oil through pipes, developed oils based on oil refining waste, which cost several times cheaper than kerosene. Thus, Russia was able not only to refuse the export of kerosene from America, but also to import oil products to Europe.

Mendeleev was nominated for the Nobel Prize three times, but he never received it. Which is not surprising.

3 Nikolai Lobachevsky

The six-time rector of Kazan University, professor, the first textbooks he published were condemned for using and promoting the metric system of measures. Lobachevsky refuted Euclid's fifth postulate, calling the axiom of parallelism an "arbitrary constraint".

Lobachevsky developed completely new trigonometry of non-Euclidean space and differential geometry with the calculation of lengths, volumes, areas.

Recognition came to the scientist after his death, his ideas were continued in the works of such mathematicians as Klein, Beltrami and Poincaré. The realization that Lobachevsky's geometry is not an antagonism, but an alternative to Euclid's geometry gave impetus to powerful new discoveries and research in mathematics and physics.

4 Sofia Kovalevskaya

"Professor Sonya" is the first woman professor in the world and the first woman in Russia - a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Kovalevskaya was not only a brilliant mathematician and mechanic, but also distinguished herself in the literary field. The path of Kovalevskaya in science was not easy, which was associated, first of all, with gender prejudices.

5 Vladimir Vernadsky

Famous mineralogist, explorer of the earth's crust, "father" of the Soviet nuclear program. Vernadsky was one of the first people who paid attention to eugenics, he was engaged in geology, biochemistry, geochemistry, meteoritics. and many others. But, perhaps, his main contribution is the description of the laws of the Earth's biosphere and the noosphere as an integral part of it. Here the scientific insight of the Russian scientist is simply unique.

6 Zhores Alferov

Today, everyone enjoys the fruits of the discoveries of Zhores Alferov, the Russian Nobel Prize winner in 2000. All mobile phones have heterostructural semiconductors created by Alferov. All fiber-optic communication runs on its semiconductors and the Alferov laser.

Without the "Alferov laser" CD players and disk drives of modern computers would be impossible. Zhores Ivanovich's discoveries are used in car headlights, traffic lights, and supermarket equipment - product label decoders. At the same time, Alferov made the insights of the scientist, which led to qualitative changes in the development of all electronic technology, back in 1962-1974.

7 Kirik Novgorodets

Kirik Novgorodets - mathematician, writer, chronicler and musician of the 12th century; author of the first Russian mathematical and astronomical treatise "The Doctrine of Numbers"; calculated the smallest perceptible interval of time. Kirik was a deacon and domestic of the Antoniev Monastery in Novgorod. He is also considered the alleged author of Kirikov's Question.

8 Kliment Smolyatich

Kliment Smolyatich was one of the most prominent Russian medieval thinkers. Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus' (1147-1155), church writer, the first Russian theologian, the second metropolitan of Russian origin.
Smolyatich was considered the most highly educated person of his time. In the annals, he is mentioned as such a "scribe and philosopher, which has not yet happened in the Russian land."

9 Lev Landau

Lev Landau is a completely unique phenomenon. He was a child prodigy who did not lose his talent in adulthood. At the age of 13 he graduated from 10 classes, and at 14 he entered two faculties at once: chemistry and physics and mathematics.

For special merits, Landau was transferred from Baku to Leningrad University. Landau received 3 State Prizes of the USSR, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Denmark, the Netherlands and the USA.

In 1962, the Royal Swedish Academy awarded Landau the Nobel Prize "for his fundamental theories of condensed matter, especially liquid helium."
For the first time in history, the award took place in a Moscow hospital, since shortly before the award, Landau was in a car accident.

10 Ivan Pavlov

A brilliant Russian scientist, Ivan Pavlov received his well-deserved Nobel Prize in 1904 "for his work on the physiology of digestion." Pavlov is a unique world-class scientist who managed to form his own school in the difficult conditions of a state under construction, to which the scientist made considerable claims. In addition, Pavlov was engaged in collecting paintings, plants, butterflies, stamps, books. Scientific research led him to refuse meat food.

11 Andrei Kolmogorov

Andrei Kolmogorov was one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century, the founder of a large scientific school. Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin and Stalin Prizes, member of many scientific academies around the world, honorary doctor of universities from Paris to Calcutta. Kolmogorov - author of the axioms of probability theory and a set of theorems, author of the equation, inequality, mean, space and Kolmogorov complexity

12 Nikolai Danilevsky

A global thinker who laid the foundations for a civilizational approach to history. Without his work, there would be neither Spengler nor Toynbee. Nikolai Danilevsky saw “Europeanism”, looking at the world through “European glasses”, as one of the main diseases of Russia.

He believed that Russia had a special path, which should be rooted in Orthodox culture and the monarchy, dreamed of creating an All-Slavic Union and was sure that Russia should in no case follow the path of America.

13 Georgy Gamov

The father of the "hot universe" theory, at 24 Gamow completed Nobel-level work by developing the theory of alpha decay, at 28 he became the youngest corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in its entire history. He was also a half-glot - spoke freely in six languages.

Gamow has become one of the brightest stars in astrophysics and cosmology. He was the first to calculate models of stars with thermonuclear reactions, proposed a model of the shell of a red giant, and studied the role of neutrinos in the outbursts of new and supernovae.

In 1954, Gamow was the first to pose the problem of the genetic code. After the death of Gamow, the Nobel was awarded to the Americans for deciphering it.

14 Sergey Averintsev

Sergei Averintsev, a student of Alexei Losev, was one of the most prominent philologists, culturologists, biblical scholars and translators of the 20th century. He explored various layers of European, including Christian, culture - from antiquity to the present.
Literary critic, philosopher and culturologist Nikita Struve wrote about Averintsev: “A great scholar, biblical scholar, patrologist, subtle literary critic, poet who revived the tradition of spiritual poetry, Averintsev appears before my eyes no less as a humble disciple and a vivid witness of Christ. Rays of faith illuminated all his work.

15 Mikhail Bakhtin

One of the few Russian thinkers and literary critics canonized in the West. His books on the work of Dostoevsky and Rabelais "blew up" the literary establishment, his work "On the Philosophy of Action" became a reference book for intellectuals around the world.

Bakhtin was brought from Kazakh exile to Moscow in 1969 by Andropov. He also provided the "great lame" protection. Bakhtin was published and translated en masse. In England, at the University of Sheffield, there is the Bakhtin Center, which conducts scientific and educational work. Bakhtin's work gained particular popularity in France and Japan, where the world's first collected works of his were published, as well as a large number of monographs and works about him.

16 Vladimir Bekhterev

The great Russian psychiatrist and neuropathologist, Vladimir Bekhterev was nominated for the Nobel Prize several times, he treated drunkards with hypnosis en masse, studied parapsychology and crowd psychology, child psychology and telepathy. Bekhterev paved the way for the creation of so-called "brain atlases". One of the creators of such atlases, the German professor Kopsch, said: "Only two people know the structure of the brain perfectly - God and Bekhterev."

17 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

Tsiolkovsky was a genius. He made many of his discoveries intuitively. A theoretician of cosmism, he worked a lot and fruitfully on applied things, on the creation of a theory of the flight of jet aircraft, he invented his own scheme of a gas turbine engine. The merits of Tsiolkovsky were highly appreciated not only by domestic scientists, but also by the creator of the first rockets, Wernher von Braun.
Tsiolkovsky was quirky. So, he defended eugenics, believed in a cat society, and believed that criminals should be split into atoms.

Lev Vygotsky is an outstanding Russian psychologist, the creator of cultural-historical theory. Vygotsky made a real revolution in defectology, gave hope for a full life to people with disabilities. When Western society got tired of "life according to Freud", it switched to "life according to Vygodsky".

After the translation of Vygotsky's Thinking and Speech into English and Japanese, the Russian psychologist became a truly iconic figure. Stephen Toulmin of the University of Chicago even called his New York Review article on Vygotsky "Mozart in Psychology."

20 Peter Kropotkin

The "father of anarchism" and the eternal rebel Pyotr Kropotkin, who on his deathbed refused the special ration and special conditions of treatment offered by Lenin, was one of the most enlightened people of his time.

Kropotkin considered his main contribution to science to be his work on the study of the mountain ranges of Asia. For them, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Russian Geographical Society. Kropotkin also made a great contribution to the study of the Ice Age.

Modern show business surprises every year with new faces. New popular Russian singers appear on the starry Olympus more and more often, delighting fans with original, and sometimes quite banal repertoire.

The most popular singers in Russia shine at the largest concert venues, decorate glossy magazines, perform at important events and excite fans from TV screens.

Often, popular Russian singers try themselves in a different role, acting in films, or trying themselves as leading grandiose television projects, but at the same time they manage to successfully perform and tour not only in Russia, but also abroad.

Popular singers of Russia, who have long taken their place in the bowels of show business, and already have their own audience of listeners and fans, cannot always boast of only impeccable vocal abilities, they have a special charm, charisma, and, to be honest, chic external data that are a defining feature of their development in show business.

Young popular Russian singers are confidently competing with Russian celebrities of the older generation, offering the public new songs, new presentation, new creative experiments.

Many popular singers in Russia, despite their star status, are very simple and open people who do not have star disease at all.

But there are popular Russian singers whose pathos rolls over. They are stellar in their behavior, in their demands, in their lifestyle.

Such popular Russian singers are not just artists, they behave and present themselves like true stars, which often stand out among the general mass of famous personalities in the world of show business.

Also in our photo top are popular Russian singers from young talents who have been on the stage for only a few years, but are already gathering thousands of concert halls, delighting their fans with good music.

And who, in your opinion, should receive the status of the most popular singer in Russia. Is he on our list of the most popular Russian singers? If not, tell me who he is - the most famous singer in Russia ...

Who are they ... The most popular singers in Russia. Our photo rating of famous show business men

Where without the favorite of all women: a popular Russian singer and one of the richest performers Stas Mikhailov The popular Russian singer Dzhigan boasts not only a good performance, but also a pumped up body. The most popular performers in Russia: Emin Agalarov The most popular Russian singers of past years: Oleg Gazmanov
The most popular singers in Russia: Valery Meladze The most popular artists in Russia: Dan Balan
Our list of the most popular artists continues Vladimir Presnyakov Popular Russian singer Dima Bilan The most popular Russian singers: one of the richest performers in Russia, Grigory Leps The most popular singers in Russia: young performer Alexei Vorobyov Popular Russian singer Sergey Lazarev
Our list of the most popular singers in Russia could not help but include the king of Russian pop music Philip Kirkorov The golden voice of Russia is also in the top ranking The most popular singers in Russia The legend of the Russian stage and the now quite successful popular singer of Russia Valery Leontiev The most popular Russian singers: rapper Timati The most popular singers in Russia: music is in his blood - Stas Piekha Girls' favorite Yegor Creed and a wonderful performer could not help but get into the top rating The most popular singers in Russia Long-haired, but still very popular Russian singer Leonid Agutin No longer "Tea for Two", but a very popular Russian singer Denis Klyaver The most popular singers in Russia: handsome brunette Dmitry Koldun Vlad Topalov deservedly got into the category of the Most Popular Singer of Russia Another performer with a piercing gaze made it to our rating. The most popular Russian performers: Irakli The soloist of the Hands Up group "is also in our top The most popular performers in Russia Popular Russian singers: Alexey Chumakov Heartbreaking chanson is performed by popular Russian singer Denis Maidanov

Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich (c. 952-1015) - Baptist of Ancient Rus'

The Russian prince Svyatoslav, who ruled in Kyiv, had three sons - Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir. Immediately after the death of Svyatoslav, the brothers went to war with each other, each wanted to rule in Kyiv, to become an autocratic prince. Vladimir showed great foresight in this struggle and turned out to be the winner. He converted to Christianity, baptized Rus' and in every possible way contributed to the education of ordinary people.

Prince Ivan III Vasilyevich (1440-1505) - Unifier of Russian lands

The Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II, nicknamed the Dark One, attracted his son Ivan to manage the affairs of the state during his lifetime. Thus, he confirmed his legal rights to the throne. All business papers were signed by both of them. Ivan entered into full rights after the death of his father, when he was 22 years old. Ivan III began to unite the Russian lands around Moscow, turning it into the capital of the all-Russian state. Under him, the Moscow principality got rid of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. He knew how to carefully listen to the advice of his boyars. In adulthood, Prince Ivan 3 did not like to take part in military campaigns, believing that commanders should fight, and the sovereign should decide important matters at home. For 43 years of his reign, the Moscow principality freed itself from the power of the Horde khans, significantly expanded and strengthened. Under him, the code of laws "Sudebnik" was adopted, a local system of land tenure appeared.

Peter I (1672-1725) - "What I want, it must be"

Peter 1 was truly great. Everything was great with Peter - growth, army, battles, territories, plans. He sought not only to expand the borders of the Russian state, but also to make life in it similar to what he saw in Europe. He learned a lot himself and taught others. However, in his desire to quickly introduce new orders, he often went to extremes, massacres in his time were not uncommon. He was in a hurry in everything, as if he felt that fate had given him a not very long life.

Catherine II (1729-1796) - Enlightened Monarchine

On June 28, 1762, a bloodless palace coup took place in St. Petersburg. The wife of Emperor Peter III, Ekaterina Alekseevna, with the help of the guards, removed her husband from power and declared herself an autocratic empress. Once on the Russian throne, Catherine II tried to win the loyalty and love of her subjects. She carried out many economic transformations, promoted the development of trade in every possible way, torture and executions were abolished in Russia, and elected courts appeared. The period of her reign was called the "golden age", and the empress herself was called the Great.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837) - The sun of Russian poetry

Time inexorably moves us away from Pushkin, the poet, playwright, prose writer, but his creative genius becomes more and more distinct from this. His poems, poems and stories showed different aspects of Russian reality, secular life and peasant life, they reflected the restless soul of the poet, deep feelings and experiences. His poetry and prose were enthusiastically received by readers of the 19th century. It was then that the halo of his greatness was created, he was considered the founder of Russian literature, the creator of the modern literary language. It is no coincidence that the time in which he lived is called the “Pushkin era”.

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) - Surgeon from God

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov worked for hours in the anatomical theater, cutting soft tissues, examining diseased organs, sawing bones, looking for replacements for damaged joints. Anatomy became a practical school for him, which laid the foundation for his further successful surgical activity. Pirogov was the first to come up with the idea of ​​plastic surgery, applied anesthesia in military field surgery, for the first time applied a plaster cast in the field, suggested the existence of pathogens that cause suppuration of wounds. His works, various medical atlases put forward Russian surgery to one of the first places in the world.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821- 1881) - Defender of the poor

Despite the wide popularity of Fyodor Dostoevsky in Russia, worldwide recognition and interest in his work came after his death. Everyone noted his deep psychologism, passion in depicting "humiliated and offended". The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche wrote that Dostoevsky was the only psychologist from whom he learned anything. The works of Fyodor Mikhailovich had a noticeable influence on writers: the Austrian Stefan Zweig, the Frenchman Marcel Proust, the Englishman Oscar Wilde, the Germans Thomas and Heinrich Mann.

Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828-1910) - Preacher of morality

The famous Russian theater director and creator of the acting system, Konstantin Stanislavsky, wrote in his book “My Life in Art” that in the difficult years of the first revolutions, when despair seized people, many remembered that at the same time Leo Tolstoy lived with them. And it became easier on the soul. He was the conscience of mankind. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Tolstoy became the spokesman for the thoughts and hopes of millions of people. He was a moral support for many. It was read and listened to not only by Russia, but also by Europe, America and Asia.

Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) - Legislator in chemistry

Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev was a versatile scientist: in the laboratory he studied new properties of materials, at plants and factories he analyzed the results of their use, and carefully summarized information at his desk. Every year he traveled to different regions of the country, traveled abroad. The Periodic Table of Chemical Elements created by him - a brilliant discovery - established the dependence of various properties of elements on the charge of the atomic nucleus and was accepted throughout the world. The collection of his scientific works is 25 volumes.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) - Composer for all time

Foreign performers of piano music, violinists, cellists and vocalists are well aware of the International Tchaikovsky Music Competition, which is held in Moscow every 4 years. The symphonic works of the Russian composer have long been heard in the concert halls of many leading capitals of the world, his operas and ballets are in the repertoire of the world's outstanding opera houses. Tchaikovsky left behind a huge musical legacy that has become part of the global culture.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) - Teacher of the theory of reflexes

Awarded the title of Nobel Prize winner in medicine and physiology in 1904, the creator of the science of higher nervous activity, the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov was recognized as the foreman of physiologists around the world.

Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945) - Discoverer of the biosphere

Vladimir Vernadsky entered the history of Russian and world science as an outstanding natural scientist, thinker, and public figure. He studied such special branches of knowledge about the Earth as geology, crystallography, mineralogy, geochemistry, and biology. And he determined the paths of the general evolution of the Earth, introduced the concepts of "biosphere" and "noosphere" - the areas of distribution of life on Earth as a result of evolutionary impact on it by humans. He was the forerunner of a new branch of science - ecology.

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) (1870-1924) - Practitioner of building communism

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin is the most famous politician of the 20th century. For over 70 years in the Soviet Union, he was considered an unsurpassed genius who set the goal of building communism in Russia. In 1917, Lenin took on the impossible task of making backward agrarian Russia socialist and then communist. He dreamed that the working people would receive everything according to their needs. The idea turned out to be untenable. True, after Lenin, the country gradually switched to an industrial path of development. Communism was not achieved, but at the cost of enormous efforts, including millions of human victims, the USSR approached the leading positions on the world stage.

Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Stalin) (1878 -1953) - Inspirer of all victories

The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), the head of the Soviet government, Joseph Stalin, led the country to an industrial path of development, with his name the Soviet people won the Great Patriotic War, he caused mass labor heroism, under him the country became a superpower. But he planted a totalitarian, dictatorial regime in the country, carried out forced collectivization, during his time famine broke out in the country, mass repressions were carried out, the world community was divided into two camps - socialist and capitalist. In history, Stalin remained a double personality: the winner in the war and the tyrant of his own people.

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1906-1966) - Chief Designer

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was an outstanding design engineer who dreamed of conquering space. He made a huge contribution to organizing the production of rocket and space technology and rocket weapons in the Soviet Union. He was the first in the world to launch satellites, scientific stations, and spaceships into earth orbit. The news shocked the whole world. He dreamed of exploring the expanses of the Universe with the help of automatic devices and began to prepare a flight to Mars, but he did not manage to carry out his plan.

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