Complex sentence with the conjunction which. Complex sentences (complex sentences)

Considers the structure of phrases and sentences. At the same time, the construction and punctuation of various types of complex sentences, especially with three or more predicative parts, usually causes particular difficulty. Let's look at specific examples of the types of NGNs with several subordinate clauses, the ways of connecting the main and subordinate parts in them, and the rules for placing punctuation marks in them.

Complex sentence: definition

To clearly express a thought, we use various sentences characterized by the fact that they have two or more predicative parts. They can be equivalent in relation to each other or enter into a relationship of dependence. SPP is a sentence in which the subordinate part is subordinate to the main part and is joined to it using subordinating conjunctions and/or For example, “ [Styopka was very tired in the evening], (WHY?) (since he walked at least ten kilometers during the day)" Here and below the main part is indicated, and the dependent part is indicated by round parts. Accordingly, in SPP with several subordinate clauses, at least three predicative parts are distinguished, two of which will be dependent: “ [The area, (WHAT?) (which we were now passing through), was well known to Andrei Petrovich], (WHY?) (since a good half of his childhood passed here)" It is important to correctly determine the sentences where commas should be placed.

SPP with several subordinate clauses

A table with examples will help you determine what types of complex sentences with three or more predicative parts are divided into.

Type of subordination of the subordinate part to the main part	Example
Sequential	The guys ran into the river, the water in which had already warmed up enough, because it had been incredibly hot the last few days.
Parallel (non-uniform)	When the speaker finished speaking, silence reigned in the hall, as the audience was shocked by what they heard.
Homogeneous	Anton Pavlovich said that reinforcements would soon arrive and that we just needed to be patient a little.
With different types of subordination	Nastenka re-read the letter, which was trembling in her hands, for the second time, and thought that she would now have to quit her studies, that her hopes for a new life had not come true.

Let's figure out how to correctly determine the type of subordination in an IPP with several subordinate clauses. The examples above will help with this.

Consistent submission

In the sentence " [The guys ran into the river] 1, (the water in which had already warmed up enough) 2, (because it had been incredibly hot the last few days) 3“First, we select three parts. Then, using questions, we establish semantic relationships: [... X ], (in which... X), (because...). We see that the second part has become the main part for the third.

Let's give another example. " [There was a vase with wildflowers on the table], (which the guys had collected), (when they went on an excursion to the forest)" The scheme of this IPS is similar to the first: [... X ], (which... X), (when...).

With homogeneous subordination, each subsequent part depends on the previous one. Such SPPs with several subordinate clauses - examples confirm this - resemble a chain, where each subsequent link is attached to the one located in front.

Parallel (heterogeneous) subordination

In this case, all subordinate clauses relate to the main clause (to the entire part or word in it), but answer different questions and differ in meaning. " (When the speaker finished speaking) 1, [silence reigned in the hall] 2, (as the audience was shocked by what they heard) 3 ". Let's analyze this SPP with several subordinate clauses. Its diagram will look like this: (when...), [... X], (since...). We see that the first subordinate clause (it comes before the main one) indicates time, and the second - the reason. Therefore, they will answer different questions. Second example: " [Vladimir definitely needed to find out today] 1, (at what time the train from Tyumen arrives) 2, (in order to meet his friend in time) 3" The first subordinate clause is explanatory, the second is goals.

Homogeneous Subordination

This is the case when it is appropriate to draw an analogy with another well-known syntactic construction. For the design of PPs with homogeneous members and such PPs with several subordinate clauses, the rules are the same. Indeed, in the sentence " [Anton Pavlovich talked about] 1, (that reinforcements will arrive soon) 2 and (that you just need to be patient a little) 3» subordinate clauses - 2nd and 3rd - refer to one word, answer the question “what?” and both are explanatory. In addition, they are connected to each other using the union And, which is not preceded by a comma. Let's imagine this in the diagram: [... X ], (what...) and (what...).

In SPPs with several subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination between the subordinate clauses, any coordinating conjunctions are sometimes used - the rules of punctuation will be the same as when formatting homogeneous members - and the subordinating conjunction in the second part may be completely absent. For example, " [He stood at the window for a long time and watched] 1, (as cars drove up to the house one after another) 2 and (workers unloaded construction materials) 3».

NGN with several subordinate clauses with different types of subordination

Very often, a complex sentence contains four or more parts. In this case, they can communicate with each other in different ways. Let's look at the example given in the table: “ [Nastenka re-read the letter for the second time, (which was shaking in her hands) 2, and thought] 1, (that she would now have to quit her studies) 3, (that her hopes for a new life had not come true) 4" This is a sentence with parallel (heterogeneous) (P 1,2,3-4) and homogeneous (P 2,3,4) subordination: [... X, (which...),... X], (which...), (which... ). Or another option: " [Tatyana was silent all the way and just looked out the window] 1, (behind which small villages located close to each other flashed) 2, (where people were bustling about) 3 and (work was in full swing) 4)". This is a complex sentence with sequential (P 1,2,3 and P 1,2,4) and homogeneous (P 2,3,4) subordination: [... X ], (after which...), (where...) and (... ).

Punctuation marks at the junction of conjunctions

To arrange in a complex sentence, it is usually enough to correctly determine the boundaries of the predicative parts. The difficulty, as a rule, is the punctuation of NGN with several subordinate clauses - examples of schemes: [... X ], (when, (which...),...) or [... X ], [... X ], (as (with whom...), then ...) - when two subordinating conjunctions (conjunctive words) appear nearby. This is characteristic of sequential submission. In such a case, you need to pay attention to the presence of the second part of the double conjunction in the sentence. For example, " [An open book remained on the sofa] 1, (which, (if there was time left) 3, Konstantin would certainly have read to the end) 2." Second option: " [I swear] 1, (that (when I return home from a trip) 3, I will definitely visit you and tell you about everything in detail) 2 ". When working with such SPPs with several subordinate clauses, the rules are as follows. If the second subordinate clause can be excluded from the sentence without compromising the meaning, a comma is placed between conjunctions (and/or allied words); if not, it is absent. Let's return to the first example: " [There was a book on the sofa] 1, (which I had to finish reading) 2". In the second case, if the second subordinate clause is excluded, the grammatical structure of the sentence will be disrupted by the word “that”.

Something to remember

A good assistant in mastering SPP with several subordinate clauses are exercises, the implementation of which will help consolidate the acquired knowledge. In this case, it is better to follow the algorithm.

1. Read the sentence carefully, identify the grammatical basics in it and indicate the boundaries of the predicative parts (simple sentences).
2. Highlight all means of communication, not forgetting about compound or adjacent conjunctions.
3. Establish semantic connections between parts: to do this, first find the main one, then ask question(s) from it to the subordinate clause(s).
4. Construct a diagram, showing with arrows the dependence of the parts on each other, and place punctuation marks in it. Move commas into the written sentence.

Thus, care when constructing and analyzing (including punctuation) a complex sentence - an IPP with several subordinate clauses specifically - and relying on the above-listed features of this syntactic structure will ensure the correct completion of the proposed tasks.

53. Complex sentences are complex sentences whose parts are connected by subordinating conjunctions or relative words and a subordinating connection. In complex sentences, one simple clause (subordinate clause) depends on another (main clause). From the main clause to the subordinate clause you can ask a question. For example, He said (what did he say?) that He would come late.

Types of subordinate clauses:

• attributives (refers to a member of a sentence, which is expressed by a noun or a substantivized word, answers the questions which? which? and is joined with the help of allied words which, whose, which, when, where, where, etc.): [From the street, (which was full of people), someone screamed]. [The place (where we rested) is very beautiful];
• explanatory (or additional) (answer questions of indirect cases, refer to such a member of the main sentence, whose meaning needs to be clarified or supplemented; without explanatory subordinate clauses, such complex sentences would be incomplete and incomprehensible): [Grandmother asked] [for me to buy medicine] ;
• time (they indicate an action that is correlated in time with the action in the main sentence, answer the questions when? how long? since what time? etc.): (When I returned home), [my sister was already doing her homework];
• places (indicate the place where the action referred to in the main sentence occurs, are attached to the main sentence using the allied words where, where, where and answer the questions where? where? where from?, etc.): [After so many years old he returned there] (where he spent his youth);
• way of action (indicate the way or method of performing the action mentioned in the main sentence, join the main sentence with the help of conjunctions like, what, etc. and answer the questions how? in what way?): [It was necessary to do everything like this way], (so that mom doesn’t find out anything);
• measures and degrees (indicate the degree of quality referred to in the main sentence, join the main sentence with the help of conjunctions that, how much, etc. and answer the questions by how much? To what extent?): [The sun was shining so brightly] , (that I had to close my eyes);
• reasons (indicate the reason for what is being said in the main sentence, are attached to the main sentence using conjunctions because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, etc. and answer the questions why? why? for what reason? ): [I didn’t go to school yesterday], (because it was very cold);
• goals (indicate the purpose of what is said in the main sentence, join the main sentence with the help of conjunctions so that, in order to, etc. and answer the questions why? for what?);
• -conditional (indicate the condition under which the action described in the main sentence is performed, they are attached to the main sentence using conjunctions if, when, if, etc. and answer the question under what condition?): [I’ll give you this book there ], (if you promise to return it in a week);
• comparative (explain what is said in the main sentence by comparison, they are attached to the main sentence with the help of conjunctions as if, as if, etc.): [The three of us began to talk], (as if we had known each other for centuries);
• concessive (indicate the conditions contrary to which the action referred to in the main sentence is performed, are attached to the main sentence with the help of conjunctions although, despite the fact that, etc.): (Although he was still very young), [he reasoned very reasonable];
• consequences (indicate the consequence that follows from the main sentence, are joined using the conjunction so): [It’s late], (so let’s go home);
• connectives (explain what is said in the main sentence, join the main sentence with the help of allied words that, where, when, etc.): [She was not at home], (which happened infrequently).

Sometimes, as part of a complex sentence, there are several subordinate clauses, which can be either in a coordinating connection, that is, relate to one and the same member in the main sentence - be homogeneous (He told me how he rested in the summer and what he plans to do in the winter.), and in subordinating connection, that is, one subordinate clause is the main one for another subordinate clause - it is in sequential subordination (I saw that someone left the house in which, as they said, the light had not been on for ten years).

Complex sentences with broken connections are called complex syntactic wholes, or periods.

(NGN) consists of unequal parts, where one part depends on the other. The independent part is called main part, and dependent - subordinate clause. The parts of the IBS are connected using subordinating conjunctions And allied words, which are in the subordinate part. The following groups are represented in Russian subordinating conjunctions: 1) temporary: when, while, only, only; 2) causal: since, because, for; 3) conditional: if, if; 4) target: to; 5) concessional: although; 6) consequences: so; 7) comparative: as, as if, as if, than; 8) explanatory: what, how, whether, so that. In the Russian language there is a large number of derived conjunctions, made up of simple conjunctions and demonstrative words: after, despite the fact that, in order to, thanks to the fact that; - two simple conjunctions: as if, as soon as; - simple conjunctions in combination with the words time, reason, purpose, condition, etc.: while, for the purpose of, due to the fact that, since, as a result of which, etc. Conjunctive words are 1) relative pronouns (who, what, which, which, whose, how many, etc.), which can take different forms, 2) pronominal adverbs (where, where, from, when, why, how, etc.). Unlike conjunctions, allied words not only serve as a means of connecting parts of the dictionary, but are also members of the sentence in the subordinate part. Some conjunction words (what, how, when, than - the form of the pronoun that) are homonymous to conjunctions. To differentiate them, it is necessary to try to replace the conjunctive word (which is a pronominal word) with a significant one (if such a replacement is impossible, it is a conjunction), and also put a phrasal emphasis on it. For example: I know that he will come - union; I know what (= what kind of thing) he will bring - a conjunction word, an addition. The criterion for differentiation can often be the type of subordinate clause, since some of them are joined only by conjunctions or only by allied words. The type of complex sentence is determined both on a formal basis and on a semantic basis: means of communication and semantic relations of the main and subordinate parts are taken into account. In most cases, a question can be asked from the main part to the subordinate clause, which helps to identify the semantic relationships between the parts. A special group of sentences consists of SPPs with subordinate clauses, in which the question is not raised about the subordinate part. The subordinate clause can refer to a specific word in the main part or to the entire main part as a whole. The subordinate part can be located after the main part, before the main part or inside the main part, and some types of subordinate clauses can be located only after the main or certain words in the main sentence, while the location of other types of subordinate clauses is free. The main part may contain demonstrative words that show that the main part has a subordinate clause. These are demonstrative pronouns and pronominal adverbs then, that, such, there, there, then, so many and others, which are paired with certain conjunctions and allied words: that - that, there - where, as much - as, etc. When In certain types of subordinate clauses, the presence of an indicative word is mandatory; in this case, the subordinate clause refers specifically to it.

School textbooks present two types of classifications of subordinate clauses. In complexes 1 and 3, subordinate clauses are divided into three groups: attributive, explanatory and adverbial; the latter are divided into subgroups. In complex 2, subordinate clauses are divided into subject, predicate, attributive, additional and adverbial, depending on which member of the sentence is replaced by the subordinate clause (questions asked to various members of the sentence are used to determine the type of subordinate clause). Since the classification adopted in complexes 1 and 3 is more common in the practice of school and pre-university teaching, we will turn to it.

Subordinate attributives answer the question what?, refer to one word in the main part - a noun, pronoun or a word of another part of speech in the function of a noun - and are located after this qualifying word. Subordinate clauses are added using allied words- relative pronouns which, which, whose, what and pronominal adverbs where, where, from, when. In the subordinate part they replace the noun from the main part: I ordered to go to an unfamiliar object, which(= object) immediately began to move towards us (A.S. Pushkin) - a conjunctive word which is the subject. I love people with whom(= with people) it is easy to communicate (with whom is an addition). The conjunctive words that, where, where, from where, when are non-basic for subordinate attributives and can always be replaced by the main conjunctive word which in a certain form: Park, Where(= in which / = in the park) we liked to walk, it was more like a forest. The word being defined in the main part may have demonstrative words one like this, for example: B that the room where I live almost never gets sun. However, such a demonstrative word can be omitted and is therefore not required in the sentence structure; a subordinate clause refers to a noun even if it has an indicative word. In addition, there are subordinate attributive clauses that relate specifically to the demonstrative or attributive pronouns that, then, such, such, each, all, everyone, etc., which cannot be omitted. Such subordinate clauses are called pronominal attributives. The means of communication in them are relative pronouns who, what, which, which, which: Who lives without sadness and anger, he does not love his homeland (N. A. Nekrasov) - a means of communication is the allied word who, acting as the subject. He's not like that what we wanted to see it - a means of communication - a union word which is a definition. Everything seems good What was before (L.N. Tolstoy) - a means of communication - a conjunction of the word that, which is the subject. The difference between subordinate pronominal and attributive clauses and attributive clauses proper lies in their ability to be located before the main part. The attributive clause replaces the syntactic position of the attribute or predicate; in complex 2 it corresponds to the attributive and predicate clauses.

Subordinate clauses answer case questions and join the main part unions(what, as, as if, as if, as if, so that, whether, not - whether, whether - or, whether - whether, etc.) and alliedwords(what, who, how, which, why, where, where, where, why, etc.): I want, so that a feather was equated to a bayonet (V. Mayakovsky) - a means of communication - a union so that. I don't know, I want whether I go with them - a means of communication - is it a conjunction, which, like coordinating conjunctions, also does not stand at the beginning of the part. They said as if he became addicted to collecting smoking pipes. (A.N. Tolstoy) - a means of communication - a compound union that seems to be. I asked if he was coming whether he's with me or Should I go alone - a means of communication - a double union - or - or. How could God alone say what was it like Manilov's character (N.V. Gogol) is a means of communication - a conjunctive word which is part of the predicate. It's sad to see When the young man loses his best hopes and dreams... (M. Yu. Lermontov) - means of communication - union when. Subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main part - a verb, a short adjective, an adverb, a verbal noun with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling, perception: I rejoiced / expressed surprise / I was glad that he came. Fine that he came. The main part may contain index word then in different case forms: I was glad that that he came. In this sentence, the word that can be omitted, so the subordinate clause refers to the adjective glad. However, in some SPPs with explanatory clauses, the demonstrative word in the main part is an obligatory component of the sentence structure; e.g.: It all began since then that father has returned. Such subordinate clauses refer specifically to the demonstrative word, which can only be the word that. This feature brings such sentences closer to pronominal-definitive ones, while the use of a conjunction rather than a conjunctive word allows them to be classified as explanatory. An explanatory subordinate clause is usually located after the word in the main part to which it refers, but occasionally, mainly in colloquial speech, it can be located before the main part: What he would not come, it was clear to me right away. The explanatory clause takes a position corresponding to the complement or subject; in complex 2 it corresponds to the additional and subject clauses.

Subordinate adverbial clauses replace the position of circumstances of various kinds and answer questions specific to the circumstances. The following types of adverbial subordinate clauses are presented in the Russian language: time, place, cause, effect, condition, concession, comparison, manner of action, measure and degree. In all three educational complexes, these types of subordinate clauses are highlighted, but the subordinate clauses of manner of action and degree are combined in them into one group.

The subordinate time refers to the entire main part, indicates the time of the action in the main part, answers the questions when? How long? since when? until when? and joins the main part with the help of subordinates unions when, how, while, barely, only, before, while, until, since, suddenly, etc.: Since we know each other, you gave me nothing but suffering (M. Yu. Lermontov). Just now you stop, he begins a long tirade (M. Yu. Lermontov). If the main part contains a word with the meaning of time, including index word then, the subordinate clause is added union word when, stands after this word in the main part and refers specifically to it: Today , When I opened the window, my room was filled with the smell of flowers growing in a modest front garden (M. Yu. Lermontov) - the subordinate clause refers to the adverb now and is joined by the conjunctive word when, which is a circumstance. From sentences with a correlative adverb in the main part, it is necessary to distinguish sentences with complex alliances, which can be split into two parts by a comma. Such conjunctions are found not only in SPPs with subordinate clauses, but in their other types. Splitting a conjunction with a comma does not change its part-sentence and the type of subordinate clause. For example, the sentences It's raining, since We're back and it's raining since then, How we have returned and have been part of the same union since... The scientific literature also presents a point of view according to which, when a conjunction is divided by a comma, it splits into two parts, the first part is included in the main sentence as a correlative word, and the second plays the role of a conjunction. The type of subordinate clause may change. For example, the sentence This happened at a time when no one was there in this case should be interpreted not as an IPP with a subordinate clause, but as an IPP with a relative attribute. In the absence of an indicative word, the subordinate part in the dictionary of time can be in any position in relation to the main part. There are only two cases when the position of the subordinate part is fixed. 1) the conjunction is used as, as suddenly, expressing the relationship of suddenness, unexpectedness between the situations named in the main and subordinate parts. The subordinate clause comes after the main clause: My hat was almost full of nuts, how suddenly I heard a rustling (A.S. Pushkin); 2) a two-component (double) conjunction is used when - then, only - as, when - then, etc. The second component of these conjunctions is placed in the main part and can be omitted; the subordinate part is located before the main part: Barely I put on a burka How snow began to fall (M. Yu. Lermontov).

Subordinate clauses indicate the place or direction of movement, answer the questions where? Where? where? They do not refer to the entire main part, but to one word in it - the adverb of place, expressed by a pronominal adverb (there, there, from there, nowhere, everywhere, everywhere). The means of communication in NGN with subordinate clauses are allied words where, where, from where, acting in the syntactic function of circumstances: And there, in consciousness, Where Just yesterday there were so many sounds, only emptiness remained (K. G. Paustovsky). In colloquial speech, the correlative adverb in the main part can be omitted, and this part becomes incomplete, the subordinate part refers to this missing adverb, for example: He went, Where he wanted to know where the word there was missing in the main part. Usually subordinate clauses come after the demonstrative word in the main part. The location of the subordinate clause before the main clause is presented only in colloquial speech, mainly in proverbs and sayings: Where thin, it breaks there.

Subordinate reasons relate to the entire main part, the reasons matter, and they answer the questions why? why? and join the main unions because, because, since, for, good, thanks to the fact that, since, especially since and under.: They are hungry, because there is no one to feed them, they cry, because they are deeply unhappy (A.P. Chekhov). Every work is important for ennobles a person (L.T.) The subordinate clause is usually located after the main part, however, when using a two-component union, the subordinate clause can appear before the main part, into which the second component of this union is placed: Because We are all as one for technology and for its exposure, That Let's ask Mr. Woland! (M. A. Bulgakov)

The subordinate clause refers to the entire main part, has the meaning of a consequence, a conclusion, is attached to the main part union so and is always found after the main part. The subordinate clause answers the question what happened as a result of this?: He immediately fell asleep, So In response to my question, I only heard his even breathing. The sentences with subordinate clauses, in the main part of which there is an adverb so, and in the subordinate clause - a conjunction that: Over the summer he grew up so much that he became taller than everyone in the class; This is an SPP with a subordinate clause of measure and degree. Sentences, parts of which are connected by a coordinating or non-conjunctive connection and in the second part of which the adverbs therefore and therefore are presented, also do not belong to the group under consideration: The weather was good, and that’s why we went to the lake (SSP); It started to rain, so we had to leave (BSP).

The subordinate clause refers to the entire main part, has the meaning of the condition, and answers the question under what condition? and joins the main one with the help of subordinating conjunctions if, when (in the meaning of the conjunction if), if, as soon as, once, in case if, etc.: His face would seem very young, If if it weren’t for the rough corporal folds that crossed the cheeks and neck (I. Ilf and E. Petrov). What kind of operation? When The man has passed sixty! (K. Paustovsky) Subordinate conditions can occupy any position in relation to the main part. Two-component conjunctions can participate in the design of a conditional connection: if - then, if - so, if - then, and all of them can be replaced by a simple conjunction if (that is, their second part is not obligatory). In this case, the subordinate clause comes before the main clause: If tomorrow the weather will be the same That I’ll take the morning train to the city (A.P. Chekhov).

The subordinate clause of the purpose refers to the entire main part, has the meaning of the purpose, answers the questions for what purpose? For what? and joins the main part unions so that (so that), in order to, in order to, then in order to, so that, if only, if only, if only: Put chains under the wheels instead of brakes, so that they did not roll out, took the horses by the bridle and began to descend (M. Yu. Lermontov). In these NGNs the demonstrative word then is sometimes used: I arrived then, to explain yourself. Conjunctions used in NGN with clauses of purpose are often separated by a comma: I invited you, gentlemen, so that convey the most unpleasant news (N.V. Gogol).

The subordinate clause of concession refers to the entire main part and has a concessional meaning - it names the situation in spite of which the event named in the main part takes place. You can ask questions about the subordinate clause no matter what? in spite of what? The subordinate clause is joined by subordinators unions although (at least), despite the fact that, even though, even though, even though allied words who neither, where nor, no matter what, no matter how many, etc.: The street was dirty almost everywhere, Although it rained yesterday evening (F. Sologub) - means of communication - union though. What are would neither there were feelings that overwhelmed Bomze, the expression of innate nobility did not leave his face (I. Ilf and E. Petrov) - a means of communication - a conjunctive word, which is part of the predicate. How many Ivan neither increased his pace, the distance between the pursued and him did not decrease at all (M.A. Bulgakov) - a means of communication - a conjunctive word, which is a circumstance. Union may be two-component with the second part but, yes, however; these components can also be used when using allied words: Whatever Weird, But the sight of the pieces of paper calmed the chairman a little (I. Ilf and E. Petrov). AND at least an insensible body is equal to decay everywhere, But closer to the sweet limit, I would still like to rest (A.S. Pushkin).

The comparative clause extends the entire main part. The content of the main part is compared with the content of the subordinate part. From the main part to the subordinate clause, you can ask questions like? like what? like what? The subordinate clause is added by comparatives unions as, as if, as if, exactly, in the same way, in the same way, as if, as if, as if, as if, as if: Prince Vasily always spoke lazily, How the actor speaks the role of an old play. (L.N. Tolstoy) But then a wide and dull sound flew from the ocean, as if a bubble burst in the sky. (A.N. Tolstoy) Rolling shook, rose from his chair, the pipe fell out of his mouth, his purple lips curled, exactly he wanted and could not utter a word (A.N. Tolstoy). In the main part of the IPP with a comparative clause, an indicative word can be used, which, however, is not obligatory: He So laughed cheerfully, as if he had heard the wittiest joke of his life. It is necessary to distinguish between comparative and comparative clauses. In a comparative clause, there is a predicate or secondary members of the predicate group, i.e., dependent on the predicate word. In the comparative phrase, the group of the predicate is not represented: “Wildebeest” accepted the subdued brute and rolled on, swaying, like a funeral chariot(I. Ilf and E. Petrov) - comparative phrase, circumstance. Close to SPP with subordinate clauses comparison SPP with subordinate clauses comparative, in which one part is compared with another and the second is joined to the first with the help of a union of something; in both parts of such a sentence the comparative degrees of the adjective or adverb are presented: And how the colors became brighter in his imagination, those it was more difficult for him to sit down at a typewriter (V. Nabokov). In these sentences, the main part is considered to be the second part, which contains the component of the conjunction of topics. A special group within the SPP with comparative clauses is formed by those that refer not to the entire main part, but to one word in it - to the form of the comparative degree of an adjective or adverb, or to the words other, other, differently, differently, otherwise. The subordinate clause is joined to the main clause using the conjunctions than, rather than. Relationships between parts - comparative or comparative: Time passed more slowly, how clouds were crawling across the sky (M. Gorky).

The modus operandi clause answers the questions how? how?, refers to one word in the main part - the demonstrative pronominal adverb this way or the combination thus (sometimes they are omitted) and is attached to the main part union word like: Gaston only clenched his jaw, but behaved like this, How it was necessary (A.N. Tolstoy) Subordinate modes of action are located behind the main part.

Subordinate measures and degrees denote the measure or degree of something that can be measured in terms of quantity, quality, intensity. They answer the question to what extent? and join the main part unions what, so that, how, as if, as if, etc. or allied words how much, how much. Subordinate clauses with conjunctions that, that, to relate to words so, such, so much, so and turns to such an extent, to such an extent, have the additional meaning of the consequence: He stood at such a height, What people from below had to look at him with their heads thrown back (D. Merezhkovsky). Here horror took such a hold of Berlioz, What he closed his eyes (M. Bulgakov). A separate group among SPPs with subordinate clauses of measure and degree are those in which the subordinate part is attached to words as much, as much, as much, with the help of allied words as much, as much as. These sentences express only the meaning of measure and degree and there is no additional connotation of the consequence: I was so upset how much it was only possible. Subordinate measures and degrees can have an additional connotation of comparison; in this case they are joined by comparative conjunctions: Such ringing and singing stood on the main street, as if the driver in fisherman's canvas overalls was carrying not a rail, but a deafening musical note (I. Ilf and E. Petrov).

The Russian language presents another type of subordinate clauses, which is not reflected in any of the educational complexes. These are subordinate clauses. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that they are not equivalent to any of the members of the sentence; a question cannot be posed to them from the main part, which is the reason for their separation into a separate group. The means of connecting the subordinate part with the main one in this type of subordinate clause are allied words that (in the form of any case with or without a preposition), why, why, why, containing the content of the main part; means of communication in PP connectives can be replaced for diagnosis with the pronoun this: And every time for seven years the old man grabbed his heart, What(= this) amused everyone very much (I. Ilf and E. Petrov) - a means of communication - the conjunctive word that, which is the subject. I'm healthy what(= this) and I wish you - a means of communication - a conjunctive word of something, which is an addition. He was late why(= from this) we could not start the performance on time - a means of communication - a conjunctive word why, which is a circumstance. Let us present information about the types of subordinate clauses in the form pivot table. When listing means of communication, the main conjunctions and allied words used in these types of subordinate clauses are highlighted in bold. When determining the type of subordinate clause, non-main means of communication can be replaced with main ones.

In an IPP with two or more subordinate clauses, the following ways of connecting these parts with each other are possible: 1) sequential submission: the connection of parts in the composition of the IPP is a chain, that is, the main part is subordinated to the subordinate part (the subordinate part of the first degree), on which in turn depends the next subordinate part (the subordinate part of the second degree), etc. With such a connection, each subordinate part becomes the main part in relation to the subsequent, but the original main part remains only one: The linear diagram of the above sentence looks like this: Here's what a vertical (hierarchical) diagram of the same sentence looks like:
2) parallel subordination: a) one main part includes different types of subordinate clauses: Linear diagram: Hierarchical scheme:
b) conditional clauses of the same type refer to different members of the main part of the sentence: Linear scheme: Hierarchical scheme:
3) homogeneous subordination: subordinate clauses are of the same type and refer either to the same member of the main sentence, or to the entire main sentence as a whole (they are also called subordinate clauses). Homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected to each other by a coordinating or non-conjunctive connection (intonation): Linear scheme: Hierarchical scheme:
In IPS with several subordinate clauses, combinations of the specified methods of subordination can be presented, for example: Linear scheme: Hierarchical scheme:
SPP with parallel (- 1, 3) and sequential (- 3 - 4) subordination.

A complex sentence consists of two parts, where one part depends on the other. The independent predicative clause is called main part, and the dependent is denoted by the term subordinate clause Parts of the NGN are connected using subordinating conjunctions and allied words that are in the subordinate clause. The type of complex sentence is determined both on a formal basis and on a semantic basis: the means of communication and the relationships that exist between the main and subordinate parts are taken into account. The subordinate clause can refer to a specific word in the main part (so-called conditional clauses) or to the entire main part as a whole (adverbial clauses). Conditional clauses - attributive and explanatory clauses, adverbial clauses - time, condition, cause, purpose, concession, consequence, comparison, place, manner of action, measure and degree. A special group of sentences consists of IPPs with subordinate clauses.

1. SPP with subordinate clauses definitive.

The subordinate part extends the word into the main part - usually a noun - is located immediately after it (and therefore can be placed inside the main part = be in interposition), has a definitive meaning (answers the question “which one?”) and is joined using allied words. Conjunctive words are relative pronouns: which, which, whose; What and relative adverbs: where, where, from, when. In the subordinate clause they replace the noun from the main one. Conjunctive words which one, which one agree with the noun of the main part in number (and in the singular and in gender), and their case depends on the case of the word in the subordinate part that controls them. Union word whose agrees in gender, number and case with the noun only in the subordinate clause.

Note. Performing, like subordinating conjunctions, a connecting function in SPP (hence their name - conjunctions), these words belong to the significant parts of speech and are members of the proposal in the subordinate part. Subordinating conjunctions, which are also found in the subordinate part of the SPP, being function words, are not members of the sentence.

Some other types of subordinate clauses are also added with the help of allied words (see more about this below), but for SPPs with attributive clauses they are the only possible means of communication.

Conjunctive words in NGN with subordinate modifiers can be divided into main ones (which, which, whose) and non-core (what, where, where, where, when). Secondaries can always be replaced by a primary allied word which in a certain form. Wed:

Here's the house which Jack built it.- conjunction word which agrees in number and gender with the noun “house” and is the subject of the sentence.

I got into the house what I didn't get to see it.- conjunction word what in number and gender it agrees with the word “house”, in a sentence it is an addition and appears in the genitive case with the transitive verb “to see”.

A man called out to me whose the appearance seemed familiar to me. - "whose" agrees with the noun “appearance” in gender, number and case; in a sentence is an agreed definition.

House, What stood on the mountain, visible from afar. (what = which)

House, Where We lived here last summer and it completely fell apart. (where = in which)

In the house, Where we accidentally got there, renovations were going on, (where = in which)

We found ourselves in an old house, where All the things have already been taken out. (from where - from which)

That evening When they met, it was raining. (when = at which)

The word being defined in the main part may have demonstrative words that one(see last example). If the word being defined turns out to be the demonstrative pronoun itself or attributive pronouns everyone, all, everyone,, then such subordinate clauses are called pronominal-definitive. The means of communication in them are relative pronouns Who And What:

That, Who lives a real life, / Who I’ve been accustomed to poetry since childhood, / Eternally believes in the life-giving, / Full of reason, Russian language.(N.A. Zabolotsky)

I say goodbye to everything how once upon a time I was / And What I despised, hated, loved.(A. Tarkovsky)

The difference between subordinate pronominal and attributive clauses and attributive clauses proper lies in their ability to be located before the main part, i.e. be in preposition to the main part: Who reads a lot, he knows a lot.(proverb)

2. SPP with subordinate clauses explanatory. Subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main part - a verb, a predicative adverb, a verbal noun, i.e. to words with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling, perception, have an explanatory meaning (answer case questions) and are attached to the main part with conjunctions (what, as if, as if, as if, as if not, so that not, whether, not... whether, whether... or, either... or) and allied words (what, who, how, which, why, where, where, from, how much).

They say, What Before the greatness of nature, a person feels like a grain of sand in the ocean.

It was heard How chewed three pairs of jaws. AND I heard as if the snow crunches.(M.Yu. Lermontov)

I showed the view as if I didn't notice it at all.(N.V.Gogol)

He asked to he was not disturbed.

I zipped up the pockets of my duffel bag, felt myself, trying to remember, didn’t forget whether what, and stood up(F. Iskander).

To the left, the entire sky above the horizon was filled with a crimson glow, and it was difficult to understand whether there was whether there's a fire somewhere or the moon was about to rise.(A.P. Chekhov)

Eitherhot, either it’s chilly, / I can’t understand, but I still can’t sleep.(A.T. Tvardovsky)

As can be seen from the above examples, the explanatory clause is usually located after the word in the main part to which it refers, but it can also be located before the main part:

WhatNozdryov was a notorious liar, everyone knew that. The subordinate explanatory part can serve to convey someone else's speech. Someone else's speech, framed as a subordinate explanatory part, is called indirect speech.

He said, What haven't heard anything about it.- In this case, subordinating conjunctions act as a means of communication. If the subordinate part is an indirect question, then it is attached to the main part with allied words, which in direct speech were interrogative:

Do you remember which was there any weather?(A. Tarkovsky). He asked When we'll be back.

But if the question in direct speech was expressed without the help of interrogative pronouns and pronominal adverbs as a question word and was framed only intonationally or with the help of the interrogative particle “whether”, then in an indirect question (in both cases) the particle appears whether, used in the meaning of a conjunction: I don't know if he will come whether he's tomorrow.

Particularly noteworthy are explanatory clauses that relate not to the verb, but to the noun, which is close in meaning to the verb and is most often formed from it (faith, hope, rumor, thought, message, decision, question and so on). Let's compare two sentences:

Rumors What there will be no lessons, not confirmed.

Rumors What We've been walking around the school for a long time, but it hasn't been confirmed.

Both sentences are clauses, and in the first example there are two possible questions for the subordinate clause: “which ones?” (as to an attributive clause) and “about what?” (as to an explanatory clause), but replacing the conjunction What to a union word which - the main thing in subordinate clauses is impossible. Consequently, we are dealing with an explanatory clause (cf.: Everyone heard What there will be no lessons.). In the second example, such a replacement of a non-main conjunction word What to the main which possible (cf.: Rumors which We walked around the school for a long time, but it was not confirmed.) Those. This is an NGN with a subordinate clause.

Concluding the review of SPPs with explanatory subordinate clauses, let us dwell on one more case when the subordinate clause occupies a subject position that is not replaced in the main part. The position of the predicate in such sentences is always occupied by verbs with the meaning of being, identifying a characteristic (it happens, it happened, it turns out, it turned out, it happens, happened, it turns out, it turned out, it turns out, it turned out etc.) or adverbs:

I like, What It's not me you're sick of.(M. Tsvetaeva)

I remembered How Last night in Moscow I woke up and recognized the time by the smoke in the window.(M.M. Prishvin)

Fine, What the rain stopped.

With this in mind, it is necessary to analyze the main part from the point of view of its structural type as a two-part incomplete sentence with an absent subject, the position of which is occupied by the subordinate part (cf.: This I like; This remembered; This Fine).

3. SPP with subordinate clauses time.

The subordinate part refers to the entire main part as a whole, indicates the time of the action in the main part, answers the questions “when?”, “how long?”, “since when?”, “until when?” and joins the main part with the help of subordinating conjunctions when, how, while, barely, only, before, while, until, since, when suddenly and others. (Note that the group of temporary conjunctions is the largest among subordinating conjunctions, since new, compound ones are created on the basis of simple ones).

The rulers also disappeared / Instantly and for sure, / When accidentally encroached/ On the very essence of language.(Ya.V. Smelyakov)

SinceWe saw him for the last time, a lot of water has passed under the bridge.

Carefully from tree to tree, from stone to stone, I began to move away from the dangerous place and, When I felt outside the shots and went out onto the path.(V.K. Arsenyev)

As can be seen from the examples given, the subordinate part in these SPPs can be in postposition, preposition and interposition to the main part. There are only two cases when the position of the subordinate clause is fixed. The first is related to the use of conjunctions how, how suddenly, forming a relationship of surprise, unexpectedness of the subsequent situation between the main and subordinate parts. The subordinate part comes after the main part, and this order of the parts cannot be changed under any circumstances:

Natasha hasn't finished singing yet, How Petya ran into the room with the news that the mummers had arrived.(L.N. Tolstoy)

I ordered the horses to be laid as soon as possible, how suddenly a terrible snowstorm arose.(A.S. Pushkin)

The second case has a different nature and is associated with the use of a non-conjunction as a means of communication When, and the union word When. union word When a subordinate part is added if it refers to one word of the main part - an adverb of time, expressed by the demonstrative adverb “then” or another adverb with a generalized meaning: They returned then When They have already stopped waiting. Subsequently, When, frankly speaking, it was already too late; various institutions presented their reports describing this person.(M.A. Bulgakov)

4. SPP with subordinate clauses conditions.

The subordinate part refers to the main part as a whole, it has the meaning of conditions, and answers the question “under what conditions?” and joins the main one with the help of subordinating conjunctions if, when (=if), if, as soon as, once, in case and some others:

IfI’ll get sick, / I won’t go to doctors, / I’ll turn to friends... (Ya. V. Smelyakov)

A two-component connection may be involved in the formation of a conditional connection.

nent union: if - then, if - so, if - then:

Ifwant to be a good speaker, That You must be able to read well and expressively.(I. Ilyinsky)

Like subordinate clauses, subordinate clauses can occupy any position in relation to the main clause.

5. SPP with subordinate clauses reasons.

Subordinate reasons relate to the entire main part, they have the meaning of reasons, reasons (the main part is the consequence, the result), answer the questions “why?”, “why?” and join the main unions because, because, since, for, good, due to the fact that, since, especially since and so on: I fell in love with gray cranes / With their murmurs in the thin distances / Because in the vastness of the fields / They did not see enough bread.(S.A. Yesenin)

BecauseWhen the full moon rose, many went for a walk.(L.N. Andreev)

Along with SPP with a proper-causal meaning, in which the subordinate part reports the real reason for what is said in the main part, there are SPP with a non-proper-causal, argumentative meaning, where the subordinate part contains indirect evidence, helping to draw a conclusion about what is being reported in the main part. Let's compare two sentences:

The lights were on in the rooms because he was at home.(NGN with proper-causal meaning)

He was at home because the lights were on in the rooms.(SPP with causal-argumentative meaning)

Union especially since used to further justify what is said in the main part:

I met Shvabrin rarely and reluctantly, especially since I noticed in him a hidden hostility towards himself.(A.S. Pushkin)

6.SPP with subordinate clauses goals.

The subordinate part relates to the entire main part, has the meaning of a goal, answers the question “for what purpose?”, “Why?” and joins the main part with unions in order to (so that), in order to, in order to, then in order to, so that, if only, if only, if only:

They came to say goodbye.

In the above example, the main member of the subordinate clause is expressed by an infinitive, and the actions of the main and subordinate clauses refer to the same person (subject). If the actions of the main and subordinate parts are performed by different persons, then the predicate of the subordinate part is expressed by a verb in the conditional mood; in this case, the particle “would” (“b”), forming the form of the conditional mood, is part of the target conjunction and a syntactically indivisible complex arises: to + verb with suffix -l:

Tell me, gentlemen, do me a favor, so that Pyotr Ivanovich did not interfere.(N.V. Gogol)

In some cases, determined by the context, the target meaning contained in the subordinate clause may be lost. The situation presented in the subordinate clause is regarded as illogical in relation to the main one:

He will be exhausted in his garden plot on the weekends , to then don't get out of bed for the whole week.

7. SPP with subordinate clauses concessions.

The subordinate part refers to the entire main part and has a concessional meaning: it names the situation in spite of which the event called the main part takes place. Therefore, as a rule, the question from the main part to the subordinate clause is not raised and subordinating conjunctions become the exponents of concessionary relations although (at least), despite the fact that, even though, even though:

Suddenly the sound of falling water was heard almost under the very bow of the boat, Although there was still a quarter of a mile to the dam.(V.V. Veresaev)

Letthe crows heralded doom/ And a feast of crows ruled,/ Chain mail, a saddle and a spear were considered masculine things.(V. Soloukhin)

Concessive conjunctions can form with coordinating-adversative conjunctions but, however, and two-component compounds that form the IPP:

At leastthe eye sees Yes the tooth tingles. (I.A. Krylov) If a sentence establishes generalized concessive relations (i.e. those in which the irrefutability of what is being communicated in the main part is emphasized, despite the persuasiveness of the arguments contained in the subordinate clause), then pronominal conjunctives act as a means of communication combinations (pronoun words combined with particles would And neither or only in combination with a particle nor): whatever (whatever), whoever (whoever), whichever (whatever), no matter how much (however), no matter how (however), wherever (wherever) , wherever (wherever).

There is no such corner in our area, wherever He neither penetrated

How manyalready neither people learned about the world around them, which successes neither science has done, man cannot help but seek new discoveries.

8.SPP with subordinate clauses consequences.

The subordinate part refers to the entire main part as a whole, formalizes the meaning of the consequence, conclusion (the main part expresses the cause, basis), is attached to the main part by a conjunction So and is always in postposition to it. As in sentences with subordinate clauses, in SPPs with subordinate clauses the possibility of raising a question from the main part to the subordinate clause is excluded. The type of subordinate clause is determined by the presence of an undivided conjunction So, assigned to this type of NGN.

He rolled right under the horses' feet, So they almost reared up.

9.SPP with subordinate clauses comparisons.

The subordinate clause extends the entire main clause. The content of the main part is compared with the content of the subordinate clause (there are no reverse relationships). The question from the main part to the subordinate clause, as a rule, is not raised, and the type of subordinate clause is determined by the nature of the conjunction (comparative): as if, as if, exactly like, just like, as if, as if, as if, as if, as if.

Only Anna Pavlovna’s only son, Alexander Fedorych, was sleeping, How A twenty-year-old youth should sleep like a hero.(I.A. Goncharov)

The three of us started talking, as if have known each other for centuries.(A.S. Pushkin)

Many Russian words themselves radiate poetry, just like precious stones emit a mysterious shine.(K. Paustovsky)

In comparative clauses there is often no predicate, since it coincides with the predicate of the main part:

His existence is enclosed in this tight program, How egg in shell.(A.P. Chekhov) - comparative construction with conjunction How is a predicative construction and is in form a two-part incomplete sentence. Such comparative sentences should not be confused with comparative phrases, which are devoid of a predicative basis (cf.: Under him, Kazbek, like the face of a diamond, shone with eternal snow.)

Close to SPP with subordinate clauses comparison SPP with subordinate clauses comparative, in which one part is compared with another and the second is joined to the first using conjunctions than... the y as, meanwhile, whereas and so on: How A passionate murmur is worse than blood/ And you need faithful shelter more,/ Them You value your sober experience more/ Your calm maturity.(A. Tarkovsky)

Asshe perked up, the prince looked at her more and more sternly.(L.N. Tolstoy)

Comparative clauses also include the so-called comparative, in which the supporting word of the main part is the form of the comparative degree of an adjective or adverb (comparative), and the subordinate part is attached to the main part using conjunctions than, rather than. Relations between parts - comparative or comparative:

Let's not pretend to be smarter how we were in reality.

The hospital turned out to be completely different how Berlaga represented her.(I. Ilf and E. Petrov) - the comparative position can be replaced by words different, other, differently, differently, differently, which contain an indication of comparison (as in this example).

10. SPP with subordinate clauses places.

Subordinate clauses are included in the group of adverbial clauses: their meaning indicates the place or direction of movement, they answer the questions “where?”, “where?”, “from where?”. At the same time, they are distinguished by one important feature: they do not refer to the entire main part, but to one word in it - an adverb of place, expressed by a pronominal adverb (there, there, from there, nowhere, everywhere, everywhere). The means of communication in NGN with subordinate clauses are allied words where, where, from where: He left from there, where One after another, the horses rode into the yard.(A.N. Tolstoy)

In the absence of a supporting adverb in the main part (this often happens in colloquial speech), the subordinate part refers to the entire main part as a whole:

Let's go Where he wanted it.

11 .SPP with subordinate clauses way of action.

The subordinate clause refers to one word in the main clause - the demonstrative pronominal adverb So, answers the questions “how?”, “in what way?” and joins the main part with a conjunctive word How:

I am a younger contemporary of Blok, which could not prevent me from feeling time in the same way, How Blok felt it.(V. Kataev) The student did everything like this How the master told him to.

12 .SPP with subordinate clauses measures And degrees.

Clauses of this type have much in common with comparative clauses. Let's consider two proposals:

It was as quiet as it can be quiet only in an autumn forest. It was so quiet that it became uneasy.

In both examples, the subordinate clauses depend on the adverb quiet, and the main parts contain the same correlative words (So). However, in the first example the index word So is not obligatory (it is easily omitted, and this does not affect the syntactic meaning of this SPP - the meaning of comparison), and in the second example the presence of a correlative word turns out to be a prerequisite for creating relations of measure and degree.

Subordinate measures and degrees refer to those words in the main part (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) that denote something that can be measured in terms of quantity, quality, intensity. They answer the question “to what extent?” and join the main part with unions what to or any comparative union (as if, as if etc.), the obligatory correlative words to which are the words so, so etc.:

I'll show you such places,What you will gasp.(K. Paustovsky) Some young Starling/ So I learned to sing as a goldfinch, / As if I was born a goldfinch myself.(I.A. Krylov)

There's a moon in the sky like this young, What it is risky to release without satellites.(V.V. Mayakovsky)

All this happened So fast, What I didn’t have time to figure anything out.(V. Nekrasov)

Air So clean, exactly he is not there at all, voices and the creaking of carts are heard throughout the garden.(I.A. Bunin)

13. SPP with subordinate clauses connecting .

The subordinate part refers to the entire main part and is in the nature of an additional comment. Communication means - allied words: What(in any prepositional case form), why, why, why, containing the content of the main part.

Father didn't come for a long time, What everyone was worried.

I'm healthy what I wish you the same.

Getting up in the morning, the Frenchman drank a healing balm, after which cheerful.(Yu. Tynyanov)

The arable land is shallow in places and furrows are rare -why and a lot of grass.(K.S. Aksakov)

A complex sentence is a type of complex sentence in which there are unequal clauses: there is a main part and a dependent part or dependent parts. As you know, all sentences in the Russian language, according to the number of grammatical bases, are divided into simple and complex; complex ones, in turn, are divided into non-union, complex and complex sentences.

The parts of a complex sentence are connected to each other by a subordinating connection: subordinating conjunctions and allied words. The part of a complex sentence that is independent of the rest is called the main clause. The part that is dependent is called a subordinate clause. To make it easier to denote the expression “complex sentence”, it is customary to use the abbreviation SPP.

SPP with homogeneous subordination

A sentence in which all subordinate clauses belong to the same main part and answer the same questions (therefore they are clauses of the same type)

Examples:

I set off when everyone was already asleep and when it became cool

I set off when everyone was already asleep and it was cool

I set off - > when? (when everyone was asleep and when it became cold)

Comment: In Russian, the same word does not need to be repeated, so example 1 and example 2 are the same sentences.

IPS with sequential subordination

In this type of SPP, simple sentences form a kind of chain: From the main sentence we ask the question of the 2nd subordinate clause, from the second we ask the question of the 3rd.

Examples: And Nikolai went to work (why?) so that no one would say that he didn’t like his job (which one?), which he really didn’t like.

The SPP with a comma at the junction of 2 conjunctions has a sequential subordination.

Examples: He said that when father comes, we will go to the park. (The proposal is discussed below.)

Parsing: He said (what?) -> let's go to the park (when?) -> when father comes.

SPP with parallel subordination

This type of SPP has the following subordinate clauses:

A). They receive questions from one main part, but these questions are different (hence the subordinate clauses will be of different types);

b). They are subordinate clauses of the same type, they receive the same questions, but related to different words (this applies to attributive clauses.).

Examples:

Even though you don't deserve it, I'll give you an A if you do well on the test.

I love looking at the sea, which brings inspiration, and the sky, which has no clouds. (questions are asked from different nouns in the main one.)

There is always a subordinating conjunction within a subordinate clause.

Examples: Andrei did not remember where he put the diary. (about what?)

From the main clause to the subordinate clause we always give a question. The subordinate clause is always separated from the main clause by commas.

Examples: Her ringing voice, which delighted everyone, was heard from afar.

The position of the subordinate clause in the complex.

In an IPP, the subordinate part can occupy the following positions relative to the main one:

1) The subordinate connection follows after the main one:

The dew dried quickly as the sun rose.

[…], (When…).

2) The subordinate part may precede the main part:

When the sun rose, the dew quickly dried.

(When…), […].

3) The subordinate clause can break the main sentence:

The dew dried quickly when the sun rose.

[…, (When…),….].