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Impact mechanism serves to ignite the primer-igniter fuse. It consists of a tube of the percussion mechanism, a connecting sleeve, a guide washer, a mainspring, a striker, a striker washer, a trigger lever and a safety pin with a ring.
The tube of the percussion mechanism is the basis for the assembly of all parts of the fuse. The connecting sleeve serves to connect the fuse with the grenade body. It is put on the lower part of the tube of the percussion mechanism. The guide washer is a stop for the upper end of the mainspring and directs the movement of the striker. It is fixed in the upper part of the tube of the percussion mechanism. The mainspring is used to inform the drummer of the energy necessary to prick the igniter capsule. It is put on the drummer and rests with its upper end against the guide washer, and with its lower end against the drummer washer. The drummer makes a prick and causes ignition of the igniter capsule; it is placed inside the tube of the percussion mechanism. The drummer washer is put on the lower end of the drummer and is a stop for the lower end of the mainspring.
The trigger lever holds the drummer in the cocked position (the mainspring is compressed). The safety pin is used to hold the trigger lever on the tube of the percussion mechanism. . It passes through the holes of the spring of the trigger lever and the walls of the tube of the percussion mechanism; there is a ring to pull it out.
Actually fuse designed to explode the explosive charge of a grenade. It consists of a retarder sleeve, an igniter cap, a retarder and a detonator cap.
The retarder sleeve in the upper part has a thread for connection with the tube of the percussion mechanism and a socket for the igniter cap, inside - a channel in which the retarder is placed, outside - a groove for attaching the detonator cap sleeve.
Primer igniter created for retarder ignition.
The retarder transmits a beam of fire from the igniter cap to the detonator cap. It consists of a pressed powder composition.
The detonator cap is used to detonate the explosive charge of the grenade. It is placed in a sleeve fixed on the bottom of the retarder bushing. The fuse capsule ignites at the moment the grenade is thrown, and the explosion occurs 3.2 - 4.2 seconds after the throw.
fuse UZRGM- a modernized unified fuse of a hand grenade (Fig. 43) - is intended for the explosion of an explosive charge. It consists of a percussion mechanism and the fuse itself.
The fuses are always in combat position. Dismantle fuses and
check the operation of the impact mechanism is strictly prohibited.
Security measures for handling grenades
In the next lesson, we will continue the topic. And we have to study the rules for throwing grenades and safety measures when handling them. We conclude this part with this.
Thank you! See you soon.
Hand grenades: purpose, types. A grenade is an explosive weapon designed to
destruction of enemy manpower and equipment with the help of
hand throw.
A modern hand grenade consists of a body,
explosive charge and fuse (fuse).
The defeat is inflicted by fragments of the hull,
shock wave or cumulative jet, and
also, as an option, ready-made striking
elements (shrapnel). Made from
light alloys, materials of high specific
strength and plastics.
A trained soldier throws a fragmentation
grenade at 40-50 meters, anti-tank -
about 20 meters.
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GBOU Cadet School of the Pushkinsky District of St. Petersburg The device and principle of operation of hand grenades Completed by: Educator of the GPA Voronov Yu.A. Pavlovsk
The device, combat properties, and the principle of operation of hand fragmentation grenades
Grenade (Spanish: Granada - grenade) - explosive ammunition designed to defeat enemy personnel and equipment using manual throwing.
Grenadier Instructor Jr. Unger officer of the 12th Astrakhan Grenadier Regiment, 1917 Bettie hand grenade arr. 1915
F-1 Lemon grenade 1915 Tinder fuse grenade 1916
No. item / item characteristics Unit. rev. grenades RGD-5 F-1 1 Grenade type Offensive. Defense. 2 The mass of the loaded grenade G. 310 600 3 The mass of the bursting charge G. 60 75 4 The radius of the spread of lethal fragments M. 25 200 5 The radius of the zone of effective destruction of manpower M. 5 7 6 Medium range grenade throw M. 30-45 20-40 7 Fuse Combat properties hand fragmentation grenades of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
RGD - 5 General form 1 - igniter tube with cuff 2 - cap with insert 3 - tray with insert
F - 1 General view Device
UZRGM Striking mechanism: 1. Striking mechanism tube 2. Guide washer 3. Mainspring 4. Drummer 5. Drummer washer 6. Trigger lever 7. Safety pin with ring 8. Connecting sleeve Ignition: 9. Igniter capsule 10. Retarder sleeve 11 .Retarder 12. Capsule - detonator
Mechanical engineering grade 7 "The principle of the formation of a lockstitch. The principle of operation of the fabric engine"
An abbreviated presentation on mechanical engineering in grade 7, the presentation contains control questions on materials science and machine seams ....
open lesson on NVP and OBZh "Hand Grenades"
This development can be used both in the NVP lesson and in the life safety lesson in the Fire Training section. the lesson used the methods of interactive learning technology, information and communication ...
Tnaliev Duysen GubaydullinovichTeacher of NVP Secondary School named after M. Mametova, Bokeyorda district, West Kazakhstan region Public lesson on NVP on the topic: "Hand grenades." PURPOSE: To study with students the appointment ...
Hand-held fragmentation grenades are designed to destroy enemy personnel with fragments in close combat (during an attack, in trenches, shelters, settlements, in the forest, in the mountains, etc.)
General view of hand fragmentation grenades: a - RGD-5; b - F-1
Grenade basic data
offensive |
defensive |
The nature of the fighting |
|
fragmentation |
fragmentation |
The principle of operation of the mechanism |
|
Remote |
Remote |
Burn time |
|
The radius of the lethal action of fragments |
|
Loaded grenade weight |
|
Average throw distance |
|
Hand fragmentation grenades are equipped with a modernized unified fuse for hand grenades (UZRGM).
The fuse capsule ignites at the moment the grenade is thrown, and its explosion occurs 3.2-4.2 seconds after the throw.
Grenades RGD-5 and F-1 explode without fail when dropped into mud, snow, water, etc. During the explosion, a large number of fragments are formed, flying in different directions.
Fragments of the RGD-5 grenade have the energy necessary to destroy manpower within a radius of up to 25 m, and F-1 grenades - up to 200 m.
The relatively small weight of grenades allows a trained person to throw them at a distance of 40-50 m.
The RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade consists of a body with a tube for a fuse, an explosive charge and a fuse.
Grenade case serves to place an explosive charge, a tube for a fuse, as well as to form fragments during a grenade explosion. It consists of two parts - upper and lower.
Top part The body consists of an outer shell, called a cap, and a cap liner. A tube for the fuse is attached to the upper part with the help of a cuff. The tube serves to attach the fuse to the grenade and to seal the bursting charge in the case.
To protect the tube from contamination, a plastic stopper is screwed into it. When preparing a grenade for throwing, instead of a cork, a fuse is screwed into the tube.
The bottom of the body consists of an outer shell called a sump and a sump liner.
FUSE Grenade UZRGM(modernized unified fuse of a hand grenade) is intended for the explosion of an explosive charge. It consists of a percussion mechanism and the fuse itself.
Device manual fragmentation grenade RGD-5:
1 - body; 2 - fuse; 3 - bursting charge; 4 - cap; 5 - cap insert; 6 - tube for fuse; 7 - cuff; 8 - pallet; 9 - pallet insert
The trigger lever serves to hold the drummer in the cocked position (the mainspring is compressed). On the tube of the percussion mechanism, the trigger lever is held by a safety pin.
The safety pin passes through the holes of the eye of the trigger lever and the walls of the tube of the percussion mechanism. She has a ring for her pulling. Actually fuse(Fig.) serves to explode the bursting charge of a grenade. It consists of a retarder bushing, an igniter cap, a retarder and a detonator cap. The fuses are always in combat position.
IT IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN TO DISASSEMBLE THE IGNITS AND CHECK THE OPERATION OF THE IMPACT MECHANISM.
1 - tube percussion mechanism; 2 - connecting sleeve; 3 - guide washer; 4 - mainspring; 5 - drummer; 6 - drummer washer;
7 - trigger lever; 8 - safety check; 9 - retarder bushing; 10 - moderator; 11 - primer-igniter; 12 - detonator cap
The F-1 fragmentation grenade consists of a body, an explosive charge and a fuse.
1 - body; 2 - bursting charge; 3 - fuse
Grenade case is used to place the explosive charge and fuse, as well as to form fragments during the explosion of a grenade. The body of the grenade is cast iron, with longitudinal and transverse grooves, along which the grenade usually breaks into fragments. In the upper part of the body there is a threaded hole for screwing in the fuse. When storing, transporting and carrying a grenade, a plastic plug is screwed into this hole.
EXPLOSIVE CHARGE fills the body and serves to break the grenade into fragments.
FUSE Grenade UZRGM(Fig. 4.3) is intended for the explosion of a bursting charge of a grenade. The F-1 grenade uses the same fuse as the RGD-5 grenade.
Before throwing a grenade. Get the grenade out of the bag, unscrew the cork from the tube, screw the fuse in its place to the full. The parts of the firing mechanism are in the following position:
The drummer is cocked and held in the upper position by the fork of the trigger lever connected to the tube of the percussion mechanism by a safety pin.
The ends of the safety checks are divorced and firmly hold it in the heat of the moment.
Class: 10
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Target:
Time: 40 minutes.
Place: OBJ class.
Method: lecture, show presentation.
Benefits: computer, multimedia projector, screen, models of RGD-5 and F-1 grenades, UZRGM training fuse, posters for fire training.
Literature: OBZh textbook Grade 10 (M.P. Frolov, E.N. Litvinov, A.T. Smirnov.) 2010. OBZh lesson development class 10 (A.T. Smirnov, B.O. Khrennikov).
During the classes
Introductory part - 5 minutes.
The main part is 32 minutes.
I. The history of the creation of grenades.
Grana "ta (Spanish: Granada - grenade) is an explosive ammunition designed to destroy enemy manpower and equipment using hand throwing.
The name comes from the name of the pomegranate fruit, since the early types of pomegranates were similar in shape and size to the fruit and by analogy with the grains inside the fruit and the flying fragments of the grenade.
The prototype of hand grenades were clay vessels with lime or incendiary mixture, which were used from the 9th century. The first grenades were also made mainly from clay, the effectiveness of this weapon in terms of causing damage is highly doubtful. Rather, the result of their use was the demoralization of the enemy - in those days battle formations were very dense, so that a grenade thrown at the enemy forced the soldiers to break the formation, scatter in panic, push / trample / drop each other, disrupting the advancement and maneuvering of the detachments with these evolutions.
In 1405, Konrad Kaiser von Eichstadt proposed casting cast iron casings for throwing projectiles and making a cavity in a powder projectile, which increased the likelihood of the casing being crushed into fragments.
In field battles, grenades began to be actively used in the 17th century. In 1667, soldiers (4 people per company) were allocated in the English troops specifically for throwing shells. These fighters are called grenadiers". Only soldiers with excellent physical shape and training could become them. After all, the higher the soldier and the stronger, the farther he will be able to throw a grenade. Following the example of the British, this type of weapon was introduced in the armies of almost all states.
Germany was the first to realize that a great future was destined for grenades, and set up their mass production before the start of World War I. famous F-1- "lemon" was made by the French in 1914 (inventor - engineer Lemon), and by 15-16. almost all countries participating in the war again put the production of grenades on stream. The division of projectiles into offensive and defensive ones took place during the “lull”, between the I and II World Wars.
II. Types of grenades.
By purpose, grenades are divided into:
Among the hand-held anti-personnel grenades are:
defensive grenades with a large radius of destruction (more explosive power, quantity, quality and range of fragments). Defensive grenades are supposed to be used only from behind cover, otherwise they are dangerous for the grenade launcher himself. Typical defensive grenade - F-1, RGO.
offensive (small explosive charge, fragmentation and damaging effect). Offensive grenades are guaranteed to have a lesser range than the average hand throw range, so they can be used in open spaces. Offensive ones include RGD-5, RGN.
III. The purpose of hand fragmentation grenades and their combat properties.
Hand-held fragmentation grenades are designed to destroy enemy personnel with fragments in close combat (in open areas, in trenches or communications, when fighting in locality, in the forest or mountains). Depending on the range of the fragments, grenades are divided into offensive (RGD-5, RGN) and defensive (F-1, RGO).
Hand fragmentation grenades are equipped with fuses UZRGM (modernized unified hand grenade fuse) and UDZ (shock-remote fuse).
No. p / p | characteristics | Unit | grenades | |||
RGD-5 | F-1 | RGN | Russian Geographical Society | |||
1 | grenade type | Advance. | Defense. | Advance. | Defense. | |
2 | Weight of equipped grenade | G. | 310 | 600 | 310 | 530 |
3 | Bursting charge mass | G. | 60 | 75 | 114 | 92 |
4 | Scattering radius of lethal fragments | M | 25 | 200 | 24 | 150 |
5 | The radius of the zone of effective destruction of manpower | M | 5 | 7 | 8 | 12 |
6 | Average grenade throw range | M. | 30-45 | 20-40 | 30-45 | 20-40 |
7 | Grenade fuse | UZRGM | UZRGM | UDZ | UDZ | |
8 | Flame retarder burning time | FROM. | 3,2-4,2 | 3,2-4,2 | 3,3-4,3 | 3,3-4,3 |
IV. The device of manual fragmentation grenades of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The RGD-5 hand fragmentation grenade consists of a body with a tube for a fuse, an explosive charge and a fuse.
The body of the grenade serves to place an explosive charge, a tube for a fuse, as well as to form fragments during a grenade explosion. It consists of two parts - upper and lower.
The upper part of the body consists of an outer shell called a cap and a cap liner. A tube for the fuse is attached to the upper part with the help of a cuff. The tube serves to attach the fuse to the grenade and to seal the bursting charge in the case. To protect the tube from contamination, a plastic stopper is screwed into it. When preparing a grenade for throwing, instead of a cork, a fuse is screwed into the tube.
The bottom of the body consists of an outer shell called a sump and a sump liner. The explosive charge fills the body and serves to break the grenade into fragments.
The F-1 hand fragmentation grenade consists of a body, an explosive charge and a fuse.
The body of the grenade serves to place an explosive charge and fuse, as well as to form fragments during a grenade explosion. The body of the grenade is cast iron, with longitudinal and transverse grooves. In the upper part of the body there is a threaded hole for screwing in the fuse.
When storing, transporting and carrying a grenade, a plastic plug is screwed into this hole.
The explosive charge fills the body and serves to break the grenade into fragments.
1 - a glass with a cuff
2 - upper hemisphere
3 - lower hemisphere
1 - a glass with a cuff
2 - upper outer and inner hemispheres
3 - lower outer and inner hemispheres
V. Device UZRGM and UDZ.
The fuse of the UZRGM grenade (modernized unified fuse of a hand grenade) is intended for the explosion of an explosive charge.
It consists of a percussion mechanism and the fuse itself:
Impact mechanism:
1 - tube percussion mechanism
3 - mainspring
4 - drummer
5 - drummer washer
6 - trigger lever
7 - safety pin with a ring
8 - connecting sleeve
9 - capsule - igniter
10 - retarder bushing
11 - moderator
12 - capsule - detonator
Slide #10
In official use, the drummer is constantly in the cocked state and is held by the fork of the trigger lever. The trigger lever is connected to the tube of the percussion mechanism by a safety pin. Before throwing a grenade, a plastic stopper is turned out and a fuse is screwed into its place.
When throwing a grenade, take it in your hand so that the trigger lever is pressed with your fingers to the body of the grenade. Continuing to press the trigger lever tightly, the ends of the safety checks are compressed (straightened) with the free hand, which is pulled out of the fuse with a finger by the ring. After pulling out the checks, the position of the parts of the fuse does not change. At the moment the grenade is thrown, the trigger lever separates and releases the drummer. The drummer under the action of the mainspring pierces the igniter capsule. The beam of fire from the primer ignites the moderator and, having passed it, is transmitted to the detonator cap. The explosion of the detonator cap initiates the detonation of the bursting charge. The explosion of the bursting charge crushes the body of the grenade into fragments.
Shock-remote fuse UDZ
Safety mechanism
2 - trigger lever
3 - drummer with a sting
4 - mainspring
5 - ring with check
6 - bar
7 - plug
8 - capsule - igniter
Long cocking mechanism
9 - powder fuses
10 - capsule - igniter
11 - engine
12 - spring
Target sensor
13 - sting
14 - spring
15 - sleeve
16 - bushing
17 - cargo
Self-liquidator mechanism
18 - retarder
19 - capsule - detonator
Detonation node
20 - capsule - detonator
Slide #11
The work of parts and mechanisms after throwing RGD-5 and F-1 grenades
At the moment the grenade is thrown, the trigger lever is separated from the grenade and releases the drummer. The drummer, under the action of the mainspring, strikes (pricks) the igniter primer and ignites it. The beam of fire from the igniter primer ignites the moderator (the remote part of the fuse) and, having passed it, is transferred to the detonator cap.
The blasting cap explodes and detonates the explosive charge of the grenade. The body of the grenade is torn apart, and fragments of the body and the fuse scatter in different directions.
Slide #12
Interaction of parts and mechanisms of RGN and RGS.
Starting position
In the initial position, the drummer with a sting (3) and the plug with the primer-igniter (7) are held by the trigger lever. The trigger lever is connected to the fuse body by a safety pin. The engine (11) with the primer-igniter (10) is displaced relative to the tip (13) and is held by the stoppers of the powder fuses (9), its spring (12) is in a compressed state. The sleeve (16) under the influence of the spring (14) compresses the load (17).
The position of parts and mechanisms in service circulation
When preparing a grenade for a throw, the trigger lever is tightly pressed with fingers to the body of the grenade, the ends of the safety pins are straightened with the fingers of the free hand, then they are pulled out by the ring, while the position of the parts of the fuse does not change. At the moment the grenade is thrown, the trigger lever separates and releases the striker with a sting (3) and the bar (6). The plug (7) with the primer-igniter comes out of the socket of the fuse body. The drummer under the action of the mainspring (4) pierces the igniter primer (8) with a sting. The beam of fire ignites the powder-filled fuses (9) and the pyrotechnic composition of the self-liquidator retarder (18). After 1-1.8 sec. the powder compositions of the fuses burn out and their stoppers under the influence of the springs disengage from the engine (11). The engine under the influence of the spring (12) becomes in combat position.
The long-range cocking mechanism prevents the grenade from detonating if it is accidentally dropped from the hand.
Interaction of parts and mechanisms when throwing and meeting a grenade with an obstacle (surface)
When it encounters an obstacle (surface), the load (17) moves in the direction of the inertial force component and acts on the sleeve (16). The sleeve, overcoming the resistance of the spring (14), displaces the tip, which pricks the igniter cap (10). The beam of fire is transmitted to the detonator cap (20), which causes the explosive charge to detonate.
In case of failure of the fuse in inertial action after 3.3 - 4.3 seconds. the composition of the moderator burns out, the detonator cap (19) of the self-liquidator ignites, causing the detonation assembly to explode.
Slide #13
Myths about the pomegranate
A hand grenade explodes so hard that it destroys small buildings, scatters people to the sides. Error. In cinema, such effects are created with the help of pyrotechnics. In reality, a hand grenade is not capable of causing significant damage. A grenade does not always kill a person, even if it explodes in close proximity to him.
A hand grenade explodes with a deafening noise, a ball of fire rises. Error. In cinema, such effects are created with the help of pyrotechnics. In reality, the grenade explodes with a sharp bang, raising a small cloud of dust.
The grenade ring can be pulled out with your teeth. Error. Without straightening the antennae, the ring (or, more precisely, the pin) is almost impossible to pull out even by hand. After straightening the antennae, the check is still pulled out with great difficulty. This is done to avoid accidental dropping (pulling out) of checks.
The radius of the grenade is 200 meters, which means that when it explodes, the fragments kill all life in this radius. Error. Even if we assume that during the explosion the body of the grenade is crushed evenly, it also scatters evenly to the sides and each fragment flies 200 meters, the probability of such a fragment hitting a person is approximately 8 hits per 100 thousand explosions. In reality, fragments rarely fly at a distance of more than 70-80 meters.
The final part is 3 minutes.
Announcement and commentary of grades received for the lesson.
Homework: know the types and purpose, characteristics and principle of operation of hand-held fragmentation grenades, and fuses UZRGM and UDZ (compendium).
Formation and farewell to the platoon.