Who is a shepherd? Who is a shepherd Shepherd or land sailor

I remember I promised to tell you about shepherds. I'm telling you. First, I’ll explain who a shepherd is. He is often confused with a shepherd. But these are different kinds of specialists. The shepherd is the lowest link in the livestock production process. He is responsible for little and has virtually no right to make independent decisions. His work is ineffective and therefore poorly paid. The shepherd always “sits on the salary.” He is almost always dissatisfied, drunk and poorly educated. A shepherd is a seasonal worker and often the turnover of shepherds is quite serious. Therefore, starting next year I will completely give up working with a shepherd. Practice has shown that this is an ineffective and very financially and emotionally intensive process. And this is even despite the fact that my shepherd was motivated according to the “shepherd’s scheme.”

So shepherds are not suitable for sheep farming. Only shepherds.

A shepherd is an almost autonomous unit of personnel. He bears a considerable responsibility, he takes on part of the farmer’s risks, but receives fair compensation for this. First things first:

1) The shepherd always receives a fixed amount for grazing each head of the flock. The amount varies from 150 to 350 rubles per head per month.
2) In addition to the “salary”, the shepherd receives a pre-agreed bonus. The shepherd almost always receives this bonus in live weight. Much less often with money. The bonus is equal to part of the difference between the expected and actual offspring.

A standard scheme for rewarding a shepherd as an example: at the beginning of the grazing season, the shepherd takes 100 heads into the general flock, 50 of which are ewes. He will take 200 rubles/head for monthly grazing. The expected litter at the end of the season is 70 lambs. The shepherd will have to return 170 heads to the farmer. The number “70” in this case is the arithmetic mean and can vary depending on the breed of sheep accepted into the general flock and a number of other conditions. The offspring amounted to 80 lambs, and the agreed commission of the shepherd and farmer was 50% of the excess offspring. Grazing was carried out for 5 months. In this situation, the shepherd will receive: (100 heads x 5 months x 200 rubles) + (80 lambs - 70 lambs) x 50% = 100,000 rubles + 5 lambs.

Note: the fixed amount of payment for grazing in excess of the delivered livestock (read - “born lambs”) is negotiated individually and additionally. As a rule, a shepherd will take the same money as for adult animals. As a rule, he will only take farmer-owned lambs for grazing. Those. in addition, the farmer will pay 200 rubles x 75 heads x number of months (arithmetic mean) during which the lambs grazed. I would approve 3 months. So, in addition to 100 thousand rubles and 5 lambs, the shepherd will “fall” another 45,000 rubles.

Lyrical digression: 100 heads is a very small flock for an experienced shepherd. He may have several such flocks. He will earn 145,000 rubles in 5 months and receive 5 lambs. This is about a dying village and unemployment... Multiply this amount by at least 5 (other flocks). Can you guess what I mean, dear office employees?...

Now about the risks:

As I said, the shepherd shares the farmer’s risks. There are not many of them, his responsibility is not unlimited, but one way or another it is there. Namely:

1) If a shepherd loses part of his livestock (diseases, predators), he compensates for this part from his “bonus part”. If you lose a ewe, you will not receive two lambs from your bonus. The wolves slaughtered half the flock - he owes money to the farmer. In practice, this always looks much more complicated; this is a separate topic that affects “non-statutory” and “super-contractual” relations in the farming business. There are different situations, there are scandals, there is crime...
2) Shepherd - field veterinarian. He must return healthy livestock to the farmer. He delivers babies, treats sheep and rams. He is responsible for the health of the livestock accepted for grazing.

All of the above applies to outsourced shepherds. There is another type of shepherd - “shepherd at the slaughterhouse”. There is a slight difference in their activities.

1) The shepherd from the slaughterhouse is engaged in pre-slaughter grazing and livestock maintenance.
2) He is not responsible for the health and condition of the livestock.
3) As a rule, he receives a fixed amount of remuneration. His bonus is from the slaughter. He participates in making a profit from the sale of skins, liver, and tongues.
4) He can independently accept (purchase at his own expense) lambs and rams for fattening from the slaughterhouse suppliers and slaughterhouse management.

Well, in short, that's all. It is clear that if you expand on each of the points, you can write a lot. I am a new person in the farming business, I don’t know much, but now there is enough information to write a small book. Live and learn. I would be grateful to readers for interesting questions - I will try to answer, this will help to expand the topic of a herd management manager more broadly...

Yours sincerely,
Farmer Sabaneev (sheep farmer, hunter, “writer”)

One of the most ancient professions. Works on sheep, goat farms, collective farms and other state farms. Performs work caring for sheep or goats. Feeds, waters, grazes animals. Selects queens and lambs to form sakmans (groups of sheep and lambs of the same age and development). Cleans and tidies equipment and premises. Shears sheep or goats. Provides assistance to sick animals and during childbirth. Conducts sanitary and hygienic treatment of sheep and lambs. Carries out measures to improve the maintenance and feeding of the livestock served in order to increase the productivity of animals and their conservation, as well as improve the breeding qualities of the livestock and increase the offspring of lambs.

Must know

Fundamentals of veterinary medicine, animal hygiene, anatomy and physiology of animals; technology and progressive methods of keeping sheep and goats; methods for increasing the number of lambs; rules for maintaining breeding and zootechnical records; haircut technology; the most common diseases and basic techniques for providing veterinary first aid to a sick animal and first aid.

Professionally important qualities

• ability to tolerate stress;
• attentiveness;
• sense of responsibility and reliability.

Medical contraindications

• nervous and mental diseases;
• poor vision and hearing;
• dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system.

Paths to obtaining a profession

Directly in production.

Related professions

Janitor, cleaner, veterinarian.

State budgetary professional educational institution of the Republic of Tyva

"Ak-Dovurak Mining College"

As part of the “My Future Home and My Family” Program

Performed:

Oorzhak Laura Oskal-oolovna, hostel teacher

Ak-Dovurak -2015

The shepherd's profession is very ancient. Our ancestors have been involved in sheep farming since ancient times. In Tuvan fairy tales, the people glorified the man of labor, where wealth was not measured by money, gold, precious stones, or furs, but by the number of livestock a person had. In the legends, greed and aggression are contrasted with heroes who bring peace and prosperity to people; peaceful prosperity and prosperity in a country where happy people live, possessing pastures with abundant grass and fat herds, who do not know poverty and humiliation, are glorified.

Livestock farming is the main traditional branch of the national economy in Tuva, mainly sheep breeding. In order for the animals to be healthy and not to harm nature, Tuvans roamed from one place to another. Therefore, the Tuvans had a nomadic lifestyle. The territory of Tuva is considered not to be heavily populated and therefore sheep farming has flourished at all times in history. In our Republic, sheep farming is the main type of economic activity, the presence of natural pastures from which cheap feed is obtained has a great influence.Winter grazing can significantly reduce the cost of preparing feed and keeping sheep.Sheep farming, unlike other livestock sectors, is a less labor-intensive and capital-intensive industry. Sheep use natural pastures and roughage better than other farm animals; they can be grazed along ravines, steep slopes, bushy areas, on steppe and semi-desert pastures, where it is impossible to graze other types of livestock. Thanks to their thick coat, sheep are quite resistant to cold.

Livestock farming is the leading activity in the economy of Tuva, therefore the profession of a shepherd is a respected profession in Tuva.

Chairman of the Government Sholban Kara-ool does a lot for the prestige of the profession. Shepherds who graze more than thousands of sheepwill have the right to priority medical care and free travel to a vacation spot once a year. Children of shepherds will be given priority right to receive secondary and higher education in an agricultural specialty.The Republic has compiled a list of shepherds with thousands of people; this year there were 60 of them.

The legendary nurse of the cavalry squadron, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, mother-heroine, head of a large agricultural cooperative, Vera Chuldumovna Bailak, became shepherd-thousander No. 1. On May 9, at the stadium of the 5th anniversary of Soviet Tuva, the certificate with this number was presented to the front-line soldier by the head of Tuva, Sholban Kara-ool. Vera Bailak wholeheartedly congratulated all those present on this great holiday and gave parting words: “Support each other, solve pressing issues of Tuva together. Every resident must contribute to the development of the republic. The prosperity of our Motherland depends on this.”

Veteran of the Great Patriotic War Vera Chuldumovna is the founder of the agricultural production company "Kharagan", her hard work and organizational skills became the key to the creation of one of the strong farms in the Dzun-Khemchik region. This year, according to the results of lambing, the number of small ruminants alone, together with the resulting offspring, exceeded a thousand heads. In addition to sheep, she breeds cows and horses. A tractor provided by the government by decision of the Prime Minister of Tuva, Sholban Kara-ool, became a good help on the farm.

Since 2011, the Government of Tuva has provided a number of social benefits and guarantees to livestock farmers who keep a thousand or more heads of livestock. Millennial shepherds have the right to free sanatorium-resort treatment, free travel to and from their vacation spot, in addition, their children have priority when entering colleges and agricultural universities and the opportunity for free education.

To date, more than 60 leading livestock breeders are registered in the republican “Thousanders Club”. They will be issued special certificates.

This year, on the Shagaa holiday, the Chairman of the Government visited Monun-Taiga and congratulated the shepherds on the holiday.Sholban Valerievich traveled to several shepherd camps of the Monguntaiga people and was convinced that the wintering of livestock was going quite well, and there was a sufficient amount of feed on the farms.

The young Salchak family was especially surprised and pleased. The head of the family, Artysh, is 31 years old. He lives in a winter camp in the Mogen-Buren sumon with his wife Cheinesh and five sons: the eldest is nine years old, the youngest is a month old. Artysh Salchak is not a thousand-strong shepherd; his farm currently only has 600 head of small cattle and 40 sarlyks, but he is already a leader in livestock farming. In 2010, a young shepherd received 130 lambs from 100 ewes and was awarded a snow-white yurt - the main prize of Naadym, the festival of livestock breeders.

In the prize white yurt, on the wall of which there are certificates of honor and awards that Artysh is rightfully proud of, the Salchak family received their guest Sholban Kara-ool. Over traditional Tuvan milk tea, the prime minister asked the shepherd about his problems and inquired about his plans. Artysh assured that, as a hereditary shepherd, he will continue to engage in cattle breeding and plans to increase the number of sheep. But he really wants his sons to get a higher education.

The Prime Minister admitted that he understands perfectly well: behind the external well-being of a family there is very hard work, you have to work tirelessly, and raising and educating five children at the expense of a shepherd farm is not so easy. He sincerely thanked the young shepherds for their hard work and dedication and congratulated them on the upcoming Shagaa.

The Ministry of Agriculture of Tuva presented the young family with an electric engine - the most useful thing in a shepherd's household. A UAZ car was also allocated to a large family of shepherds.

The profession of a shepherd is very labor-intensive: he is always busy, his working day begins at dawn, as soon as the sheep rise, he has no days off, since his pets require constant care. Tuvan folk proverb says:

A man with a flock of sheep is richly dressed,

A man with a flock of cows is full.

Winter in our republic is harsh. People need warm clothes. Sheep farming is a source of wool, fur coats and sheepskins, and supplies lamb, meat, and milk. Of all types of raw materials, wool products are the most important. Coarse cloth, knitted items, felt boots are made from the wool of coarse-wool sheep. Sheep wool serves as raw material for the production of woolen fabrics and knitwear.

Now the most important, most responsible work on Tuvan soil is the work of a shepherd. In difficult conditions, the republic's livestock breeders - experienced and very young - are achieving an increase in the number of livestock, and this deserves respect and gratitude in our Republic.

“Supporting the hard work of shepherds is very important. There are not many such complex professions...We must pray for them. Be grateful" - said about the hard and respected work of shepherdsMember of the Republican Parliament Ivan Chuchev.

If we talk about the first shepherds, then the image of a hard-working man under the burning sun or falling snow comes to mind, who tirelessly ensures that his flock grazes safely on lush pastures, so that the sheep do not get sick, do not become hypothermic, do not become the prey of banal thieves or were not subjected wolf attack .
Despite constant control over the wolf population, there are multiple known cases of wolf attacks on sheepfolds or pastures in the Odessa region. Dogs play an important role in sheep management and protection. For many thousands of years, our four-legged friends have been faithfully helping shepherds in their difficult task. Trained shepherd dogs can turn a flock of sheep in the right direction or repel gray predators. Dogs that, without hesitation, enter into battle with wolves or bears are especially respected by shepherds. Another assistant to the shepherd is the horse, which helps to quickly cover long distances and simplifies the management of very large flocks. Well, if you look for the shepherd’s assistants among other animals, you can unexpectedly run into brave pets, selflessly devoted to a complex craft! Like this one for example rabbit !

But seriously, stories about everyday lifeshepherds came to the Russian language from Romanian and Turkish, which is confirmed by the fact that the word itself "shepherd" has roots of Romanian origin. Today, sheep farming is far from the most popular activity, which is why shepherds are becoming less and less common. Today, a flock of 1000-1500 sheep is managed by 1 lichman (accountant), 2 shepherds and 1 gharbachi (supply manager, housekeeper and cook). The latter is called sakmanshchik among the Kyrgyz.

Why a shepherd, and not, say, a shepherd? Firstly, because the shepherd can graze any artiodactyls (there may also be rams, if complete with other livestock), and the shepherd - only sheep. Secondly, your distinctive professional title "sheep shepherds" received thanks to the specifics and special attributes, without which the shepherd would not have coped with his work. What are these objects? Firstly, of course, girlyga. A long stick with a hook at the end, which is convenient for grabbing sheep by the legs. The name of the stick, as you already understood, is Romanian. The remaining items belong to the same language group. Gaitan- a belt, and a pocket - a pocket hanging on it. Jermela- tweezers, which shepherds use to extract worms from inflamed wounds of sheep (if the disease or injury was not detected at an early stage). In order to help a sick sheep right on the spot, the shepherd has one more necessary item - horn with tar, blue stone or special powder for wounds. And the last thing is knife. We won’t explain why it is needed, everything is clear here.

For those who spent their entire childhood in a village with a developed sheep farming, the shepherd was a respected and revered man by all local residents. Many had relatives who worked as shepherds all their lives, and who often took their children with them to pasture.

If we take it “in general,” then shepherds in almost all Eurasian cultures and nomadic peoples are heroes of epics, legends and epics. The famous Soviet Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov very often made the shepherd the main character in his stories. If we talk about recognition at the state level, then shepherds have something to be proud of. The first shepherd in Russia - Hero of Russia, on October 9, 2007, was a Buryat from the Chita region, Babu-Dorzho Mikhailov. At one time, the Uzbek shepherd Dzhabai Balimanov became twice a Hero of Socialist Labor in the USSR for his superior performance: from every 100 queens he received 132 in 1957 lamb and 170 lambs each in 1963; the yield of 1st grade karakul in 1957 was 94%, in 1963 - 89.2%.

So there is no reason for the shepherd with sheep to symbolize ethnographic village, more than enough. Bessarabia I have seen many shepherds in my time, whom every village knew and respected, and if sheep farming continues to flourish, then young shepherds will come who, having absorbed all the experience Bessarabia, will increase the authority of the glorious profession.