Accounting 01. What applies to fixed assets

Fixed assets are an integral part of the production process of any enterprise. To reflect transactions with fixed assets, account 01 is used. In the article we will talk about the features of accounting on account 01, and also consider typical transactions and examples of transactions with fixed assets.

Criteria for classifying property as fixed assets

The category of fixed assets (FPE) includes property whose useful life exceeds 12 months. The main criteria for considering property as a fixed asset include:

• purpose of the operating system (production, management, for leasing);
• ability to generate income (currently or in the future).

It should be emphasized that property acquired by a company for further sale cannot be called a fixed asset. OS groups usually include:

• building;
• equipment;
• transport;
• IT equipment;
• capital investments in leased operating systems;
• environmental management facilities.

When deciding whether to account for property as part of fixed assets, in addition to the useful life criterion, the cost indicator should also be taken into account. Non-production objects and land plots whose accounting value exceeds 40,000 rubles must also be included in fixed assets.

Video lesson: “Accounting for fixed assets: correspondent accounts, examples and typical situations”

In this video lesson, the expert of the site “Accounting for Dummies” Natalya Vasilyevna Gandeva explains in detail what is included and taken into account on account 01, which subaccounts and correspondent accounts. To watch, click on the video below ⇓

You can download the slides and presentation for the video using the link below.

Account 01. Transactions with fixed assets in accounting

To reflect generalized information on transactions with fixed assets, accounting account 01 is used. The balance and turnover on this account will allow you to obtain complete information about fixed assets, which are located:

• in operation;
• on conservation;
• for rent.

The basis for carrying out operations to commission an OS object is an act in the form. used for commissioning buildings and structures, form OS-1b - for objects that are commissioned in groups. Depending on the source of receipt of fixed assets, the reflection of operations for putting objects into operation can be reflected in accounting with the following entries:

Transactions on surpluses, which are identified based on the inventory carried out and in other cases, are reflected in accounting transactions:

If an organization identifies a shortage of OS, then a special commission is created based on this fact to conduct an investigation, identify the causes and identify the culprit. In the absence of the culprit, the amount of the shortage of fixed assets is written off in accounting using the following entries:

Transactions on revaluation of fixed assets carried out in accordance with the procedure established by law are reflected in accounting by the following entries:

An item of fixed assets can be liquidated as a result of sale, write-off due to physical wear and tear, gratuitous transfer, etc. When liquidating the OS, you need to make the following entries:

An asset may be written off due to its gratuitous transfer. The reflection of this operation looks like this:

Account 01. Examples of postings

In practice, the most common operations for accounting for fixed assets are the commissioning of objects, their depreciation and liquidation (see →). Let's look at an example of each of these operations.

Account 01. Putting the OS into operation

A participant of Globus JSC contributes his own share to the authorized capital of the enterprise with property (equipment at an estimated cost of 241,500 rubles). The equipment was delivered to JSC Globus (delivery and installation costs - 33,800 rubles) and then put into operation.

The accountant of Globus JSC made the following entries in the accounting:

Depreciation calculation

In December 2015, Factor LLC purchased conveyor equipment at a price of 418,000 rubles, the useful life of which was set at 5 years. Because Factor LLC uses the straight-line method of calculating depreciation, the accountant made the following calculation:

1. The annual depreciation rate is RUB 83,600. (RUB 418,000 / 5 years).
2. The monthly accrual amount is 6967 rubles. (RUB 83,600 / 12 months).

Accounting entry:

Account 01. Write-off of fixed assets

As a result of the inventory carried out at Megapolis LLC, physical wear and tear of the production machine was established, and therefore a decision was made to write it off. According to accounting information, the initial cost of the machine is 432,000 rubles, depreciation is 100%.

After dismantling the machine, carried out by auxiliary production forces (RUB 18,320), spare parts suitable for further use were received (RUB 21,400).

The accountant of Megapolis LLC made the following entries in the accounting:

When reflecting in accounting the operations of putting fixed assets into operation, their movement and write-off, you should monitor the completeness and correctness of filling out the forms.

Infographics. Account 01 “Fixed assets” in accounting: typical transactions

The figure below shows account 01 “Fixed Assets” and typical accounting entries for it in infographics.

Basic means of production. Account 01

used to synthesize the cost of fixed assets. The account groups and summarizes information about buildings and structures, machinery, equipment, fixtures and other assets related to fixed assets. What and how to attribute to account 01, we will consider further.

Fixed assets: concept and nuances

Generalized information about fixed assets (FPE) of an enterprise is collected on account 01 of any commercial organization that has such funds. PBU 06/01 gives several signs by which a tangible asset can be classified as fixed assets:

1. The useful life of such an asset must exceed 12 months from the date of commissioning.
2. The enterprise uses this asset to obtain economic benefits.
3. An asset classified as a fixed asset must be used by the enterprise in production or management or for rental.
4. The object is not intended for subsequent resale.
5. The asset must have a value of more than RUB 40,000.

At the same time, the limit on the value of assets is 40,000 rubles. is not required for accounting purposes. If all the above 4 parameters are met, then the asset can be classified as fixed assets, even if its cost is less than 40,000 rubles. The main condition is that the parameters for classifying an asset as fixed assets must be clearly specified in the accounting policy. It is necessary that the first 4 criteria are met, according to which an asset is classified as fixed assets.

Assets with a value of less than 40,000 rubles can be reflected as part of inventories, if for some reason it is more convenient for the enterprise to account for them in this way (clause 5 of PBU 06/01). Then the write-off of such assets classified as inventories is carried out as part of the expenses of the period.

IMPORTANT! Clause 5 of PBU 06/01 only allows for the possibility of classifying assets worth up to 40,000 rubles. to the composition of reserves, without making this condition mandatory. For accounting purposes, an enterprise has the right to independently resolve this issue within the framework of its accounting policies..

Accounting for fixed assets on account 01 is carried out divided into groups, depending on the period of use. Inside, each group is divided into subgroups in accordance with the types of operating systems (buildings, equipment, mechanisms, vehicles, etc.). From January 1, 2017, changes are being introduced to the classification of fixed assets (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 7, 2016 No. 640 “On introducing amendments to Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 1, 2002 No. 1”, hereinafter referred to as Resolution No. 640).

For information on the OS classifier in 2016, see the material.

Formation of the value of fixed assets on account 01

Fixed assets are reflected on account 01 in the company's accounting at their original cost, excluding VAT and other refundable taxes. The procedure for forming the initial cost of fixed assets assumes that their cost, taken into account as the debit of account 01, includes:

• the cost of acquiring or constructing an OS;
• delivery costs;
• costs of repair (restoration) and bringing the OS to a state suitable for use;
• customs duties and payments;
• cost of services related to the acquisition of operating systems (information services, consultations, etc.);
• amounts of non-refundable taxes and government duties;
• commission to intermediaries;
• other costs associated with the acquisition or construction of OS.

When determining the initial cost of an asset, you need to carefully approach its formation, excluding general production or management expenses from its composition if they are not directly related to the acquisition or construction of the asset.

Clause 8.1 of PBU 06/01 for organizations using a simplified accounting system simplifies the rules for forming the initial cost of fixed assets. The initial cost of fixed assets in such organizations is formed either at the contractual purchase price of the property, taking into account installation costs, or within the limits of the amounts that were paid under construction contracts for the construction of such assets. Other costs associated with the acquisition or construction of fixed assets are included in the expenses of the enterprise in the period in which they were incurred.

Example

An enterprise operating at OSNO purchased a lathe worth 118,000 rubles, including VAT (18%) - 18,000.00 rubles. Delivery of the machine to the enterprise warehouse amounted to 25,000 rubles. (In this case there is no VAT, since the supplier is a VAT non-payer). Installation - 36,000 rubles, and setting up the machine - 20,000 rubles. (the contractor is also not a VAT payer).

Let's look at the posting table:

As you can see, in this case, all associated costs are included in the initial cost of the operating system. In this case, account 01 in the accounting of the enterprise forms the initial cost of fixed assets put into operation.

IMPORTANT! VAT is not taken into account in the cost of fixed assets only if it was purchased by the payer of this tax. Buyers who do not pay VAT take the tax into account as part of the initial cost of the asset, since for them VAT is a non-recoverable tax.

Depreciation of fixed assets

All fixed assets accounted for on account 01 are divided into 3 groups in accounting:

• depreciable - those that are subject to depreciation;
• non-depreciable - not subject to depreciation;
• depreciated - depreciation is completed, the cost is transferred to expenses, but the OS continues to be used.

In turn, depreciable fixed assets are divided into certain groups according to their useful life.

The procedure for calculating depreciation of fixed assets in 2016 can be found in the material.

Some typical transactions for account 01

In correspondence with the credit of account 08, the debit of account 01 reflects the initial cost of the fixed assets put into operation. The same posting records the attribution to the cost of fixed assets of the amounts spent on their improvement and major repairs. The revaluation of fixed assets, which led to an increase in its value, is reflected by posting Dt 01 Kt 83. If the revaluation led to a decrease in the initial value of the fixed assets, then the posting has the opposite form: Dt 83 Kt 01.

Posting Dt 91 Kt 01 is used when decommissioning fixed assets and decommissioning them. In this case, in the process of writing off a fixed asset, a sub-account can be opened under account 01, the credit of which reflects the accumulated depreciation, and the debit of which reflects the cost of the disposed asset.

A decrease in the initial value of a retired fixed asset (sale or liquidation) as a result of depreciation is reflected by posting Dt 02 Kt 01. If damage to the insured asset has occurred, then, due to insurance compensation, the write-off of the residual value is reflected by posting Dt 76 Kt 01.

Results

Account 01 in accounting used to accumulate data on the initial cost of OM. Fixed assets are assets that meet 5 main requirements:

• the value of assets must be more than 40,000 rubles;
• service life - longer than 12 months;
• the asset is not intended for resale;
• the asset is used in production, commercial or management activities;
• The use of the asset allows the enterprise to obtain economic benefits.

The procedure for forming the initial value of enterprises entitled to a simplified form of accounting may differ from the procedure used by ordinary enterprises.

Fixed assets must be classified in accounting according to depreciation groups. Since 2017, a new procedure for such classification has been introduced, therefore, by the end of 2016, all enterprises are required to switch to the classification established by Decree No. 640 dated July 7, 2016.

Account 01 “Fixed Assets” is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of the organization’s fixed assets that are in operation, in reserve, on conservation, in lease, in trust management.

Fixed assets are accepted for accounting under account 01 “Fixed assets” at their original cost. An item of fixed assets owned by two or more organizations is reflected by each organization in account 01 “Fixed Assets” in the corresponding share.

Acceptance of fixed assets for accounting, as well as changes in their initial cost during completion, retrofitting and reconstruction are reflected in the debit of account 01 “Fixed assets” in correspondence with score 08"Investments in non-current assets."

Changes in the initial value during the revaluation of the corresponding objects are reflected in account 01 “Fixed assets” in correspondence with score 83"Extra capital".

To account for the disposal of fixed assets (sale, write-off, partial liquidation, transfer free of charge, etc.), a subaccount “Retirement of fixed assets” can be opened to account 01 “Fixed Assets”. The cost of the disposed object is transferred to the debit of this subaccount, and the amount of accumulated depreciation is transferred to the credit. Upon completion of the disposal procedure, the residual value of the object is written off from account 01 "Fixed assets" to score 91"Other income and expenses."

Analytical accounting for account 01 “Fixed Assets” is carried out for individual inventory items of fixed assets. At the same time, the construction of analytical accounting should provide the ability to obtain data on the availability and movement of fixed assets necessary for the preparation of financial statements (by type, location, etc.).

Account 01 "Fixed assets"
corresponds with accounts

Application of the chart of accounts: account 01

• Transition to the application of the standard for fixed assets

  Let's compare them. To fixed assets accounted for on the corresponding analytical accounts of account 0 101 00 ... accounts From January 1, 2018, the composition of the groups of fixed assets that form the analytics of the synthetic account... groups of individual fixed asset objects reflected on the balance sheet accounts before January 1, 2018 changes ... write off fixed assets worth from 3,000 to... from the balance sheet to an off-balance sheet account

• New in fixed asset accounting in 2018

  8 of the GHS “Fixed Assets”, fixed assets are recognized as material assets that meet the following criteria: 1) have a period of... years). Groups of fixed assets provided for by the GHS “Fixed Assets” in 2018 Account number* Groups of fixed assets provided for... “Fixed Assets” depreciation on fixed assets is accrued in the following order: 1) for an object of fixed assets worth...

• Conservation of fixed assets. Accounting and taxation

  To account 01 "Fixed assets" subaccount "Fixed assets for conservation". Depreciation of a fixed asset... 2012 fixed asset. Its initial cost was 1,600,000 rubles. The fixed asset was... "Disposal of fixed assets" 01 "Fixed assets on conservation" 1,600,000 ...;Disposal of fixed assets" 1,000,000 Act on acceptance and transfer of fixed assets, Accounting...

• Is it possible to transfer fixed assets with a residual value of less than 40 thousand rubles? as part of the MPZ?

  By virtue of this Federal Law * (1). In the accounting of the organization, current... reporting of the organization", appendices No. 1 and No. 4 to the Order... .2007 N 03-03-06/1/879, arbitration practice (resolution... value of assets from the credit of accounts 01 " Fixed assets", 03 "Income... within the framework of the Legal Consulting service. *(1) At the same time, before the approval of the federal... Federal Law (second sentence of paragraph 1 of Article 30 of Law No. 402 ... 2017 N 03-03 -06/1/7342): if the original cost of the property...

• Federal standard "Fixed assets"

  When disclosing information about fixed assets. In Instruction No. 157n, which is currently... the result). Depreciation begins to accrue on the 1st day of the month following... accounting. Accrual stops on the 1st day of the month following... is reflected in the credit of the corresponding balance sheet accounts for accounting for fixed assets. When reflecting in accounting... disposal of fixed assets, the following criteria must be observed: 1... apply when maintaining records from January 1, 2018.

• New classifiers of fixed assets: OKOF and depreciation groups

  How do analytical accounts for fixed assets relate to the groupings of fixed assets in the new... it is necessary to group fixed assets accepted for accounting from January 1, 2017... in relation to fixed assets put into operation from January 1, 2017... for accounting ) after January 1, 2017. Fixed assets accepted for... accounting before January 1, 2017... are not committed. Instructions for using the Unified Chart of Accounts...

• VAT deduction before commissioning of a fixed asset

  Fixed assets is “acceptance of these fixed assets for registration” (paragraph 3, paragraph 1... paragraph 1 of Article 172 of the Code does not directly say in which account... registration as fixed assets objects in account 01 “Fixed assets” (or... that reflecting an object on account 01 “Fixed Assets” is legal only after... rights (in accordance with clause 1.1 of Article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation,... 2 of Article 171 and clause 1 of Article 172 of the Code, in accordance with. .. 1 of Article 172 of the Code regarding the deduction of “input” VAT on fixed assets...

• Repair of fixed assets taking into account the provisions of the federal standard

  Are formed on account 1 106 31 000 “Increase in investments in fixed assets - other movable... dismantling of fixed assets by debit of the corresponding analytical accounts of account 0 101 00 000 “Fixed assets... major repairs of fixed assets, changing their value, are formed on account 1 106 31 ... 000 “Increase in investments in fixed assets – other movable...

• Guidelines of the Ministry of Finance on the application of the GHS “Fixed Assets”

  Objects of fixed assets recognized upon the first application of the GHS "Fixed Assets" are carried out on the corresponding balance sheet accounts: 1 ...) at their cadastral value on the date of the first application of the GHS "Fixed Assets... upon the first application of the GHS "Fixed Assets" on the corresponding balance sheet accounts, accounting subjects... fixed assets; features of accounting for individual fixed assets recorded on balance sheet accounts outside...

• The following algorithm of actions. When mothballing fixed assets: 1. The manager’s order is approved to carry out... more than three months. When reactivating fixed assets: 1. The manager’s order to carry out... a period of more than three months is approved. Example 1. An object of fixed assets (equipment) was mothballed with... conservation (re-mothballing) of fixed assets, then they are also produced at the expense of targeted financing and...

• Measures for the transition to the application of the federal standard “Fixed Assets”

  When accounting for fixed assets, you must keep in mind the following changes. 1. Fixed assets include... clause 35 of the GHS “Fixed Assets” provides for the following methods of depreciation of fixed assets: 1) linear method. This...accounting for fixed assets must provide for: 1) methods of depreciation regarding groups of fixed assets; 2...) fixed assets; 8) features of accounting for individual fixed assets reflected on balance sheet accounts outside...

• Air conditioners as fixed assets: accounting and reflection of expenses

  2.2.4.3359-16. The specified norms have been in effect since... dated 01.01.2002 No. 1 (hereinafter referred to as Classification), in depreciation... should be taken into account as part of fixed assets in accounts 0 101 ... produced in equal parts (1,500 rubles each) per.. . 25 730 1 500 Payment made... (KVR 244, KOSGU 225) 1 500 * * * To ensure... consider the following: 1) for accounting purposes, air conditioners are recognized as fixed assets; 2) ... and article 340 of KOSGU. SanPiN 2.2.4.3359 ...

• Accounting for fixed assets in an institution since 2018

  Fixed assets after the start of application of the Federal standard "Fixed Assets" are reflected on the corresponding balance sheet accounts... as of January 1, 2018, account 0 101 00 000 "Fixed Assets" is taken into account... of the property (account 0 101 10 000 "Fixed Assets" – real estate... fixed assets that form the analytics of the synthetic account (0 101 0X 000), individual fixed assets... reflected on balance sheet accounts before January 1, 2018...

• Mothballing of fixed assets in 2018

  No entries are made in the corresponding analytical accounts of account 101 00 “Fixed Assets”, ... rub. The object was preserved for 1 year (12 months). During this... the object's stay on conservation is equal to 1 year (12 months), and... the following correspondence: Dt 1 401.20 271 – Kt 1 104.34 411 ... reflect the correspondence indicated in table 1. Table 1 “Conservation expenses OS... of transport in the amount of the cost of 1,302.25,830 1,206.25,660 ... The previously transferred prepayment was offset 1,302.25,830 1,304.05,225 ...

• Application of off-balance sheet accounts

  Clause 333 of Instruction No. 157n, in addition to movable and immovable objects... is taken into account as part of fixed assets on the balance sheet account 0 101 00... by shipping documents executed properly: 1) invoices confirming the delivery of material... (clause 4 Order No. 538): 1) movable property, the book value of which... the founder writes off from the off-balance sheet account 21 fixed assets that are classified as special... for storage). Instructions for using the Unified Chart of Accounts...

By debit

* receipt (purchased, created, received free of charge) of fixed assets credited to the balance sheet of the enterprise;

* amounts of expenses associated with improving the facility (modernization, modification, completion, additional equipment, reconstruction, etc.), which lead to an increase in future economic benefits initially expected from the use of the facility;

* the amount of revaluation of the value of the fixed asset.

By loan Account 01 “Fixed Assets” reflects:

* disposal of fixed assets as a result of sale, liquidation, free transfer to other enterprises;

* partial liquidations;

* the amount of depreciation of fixed assets.

Analytical accounting of fixed assets is carried out for each object separately,

Analytical accounting of non-current tangible assets is carried out for each object of these assets.

Under capital investments understand the costs of an enterprise for the acquisition or creation of fixed assets, other non-current tangible or intangible assets, as well as the costs of reconstruction, expansion and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises.

Synthetic accounting of costs for capital investments is carried out on account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” according to subaccounts:

08-1 "Acquisition of land";

08-2 "Purchase of natural resources";

08-3 "Construction of fixed assets";

08-4 "Acquisition of fixed assets";

08-5 "Acquisition of intangible assets";

08-6 "Transfer of young animals to the main herd";

08-7 "Acquisition of adult animals."

The debit of account 08 "Investments in non-current assets" and its subaccounts reflects the costs of acquiring or creating tangible and intangible non-current assets, and the credit - their write-off to the cost of objects put into operation.

Analytical accounting of capital investments is carried out accordingly by type of fixed assets, other tangible non-current assets, intangible assets, as well as by individual objects of capital investment (inventory items).

The organization of accounting for capital investments is influenced by the method of performing work: contracting (that is, by specialized organizations on a contractual basis) or economically (that is, by the forces and means of the enterprise itself).

At contracting the method of performing the work, accounting for material, labor and financial costs for the work performed is carried out by the contractor himself. The customer company, in this case, only accounts for the costs of capital investments and makes payments to the contractor for the work performed and accepted according to the certificates. Based on this, the developer makes an entry in the accounting records for the cost of construction and installation work completed and accepted according to the acts: D08 K60

The same record is used to record the cost of purchased fixed assets that do not require installation (free-standing machines, vehicles, measuring instruments, production and household equipment, etc.).

According to account 08 "Investments in non-current assets" the actual cost of completed construction projects (reconstruction, modernization, acquisition) is calculated. Commissioning of each facility is formalized act of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets, which serves as the basis for writing off the cost of capital investments in completed objects, as well as crediting them to the balance sheet as part of fixed assets.

The crediting of commissioned fixed assets to the balance sheet at the actual cost of their construction (manufacturing, acquisition) is reflected in accounting by the entry: D01 K08.

The entry into the balance sheet of fixed assets contributed by the founders (participants) to the authorized capital of the enterprise, at fair value agreed upon by the parties, before January 1, 2000, was formalized as D01 K75. From January 1, 2000, the amount of accounts receivable is reflected as D75/1 K80. The cost of fixed assets received as a contribution is D08 K75, and then D01 K08.

Fixed assets received through free transfer from other legal entities, as well as as subsidies from the Government of the Russian Federation until January 1, 2000 were reflected as D01 K83 “Additional capital”, for fixed assets for production purposes, or D01 K88 “Retained earnings”. Since January 1, 2000, such transactions are classified as profit - D08 K99 "Profit and Loss". In this case, the value of gratuitously received fixed assets can be reflected in the financial result in two ways:

1. At the time of acceptance of fixed assets for accounting at their original cost;

2. As depreciation accrues on accepted fixed assets.

In the second method, the following entries are made for fixed assets accepted free of charge:

D08 K98 – at the original cost;

D01 K08 – at the original cost;

D20,25,26,44 K02 – for the amount of accrued depreciation;

D98 K99 – for the amount of depreciation.

In the first method, gratuitously transferred fixed assets are formalized by postings: D08 K99 and D01 K08.

1.5 Synthetic and analytical accounting of depreciation of fixed assets.

During operation, fixed assets, while maintaining their original physical form, gradually wear out (physically, morally), transferring their value in parts to the cost of the newly created product. In order to accumulate funds for the complete restoration of worn-out objects, the cost of the worn-out part of fixed assets, in the form of depreciation charges, is included in the costs of production or circulation.

Accounting Regulation 6/97 “Fixed Assets” defines depreciation as the systematic distribution of the cost of an item of fixed assets subject to depreciation over its useful life.

The cost of fixed assets subject to depreciation is determined as the difference between the cost of the object and its liquidation value. Liquidation value is understood as the amount that an enterprise expects to receive from the sale (liquidation) of an object after the end of its useful life (operation) minus the expected costs associated with the sale (liquidation) of the object.

The object of depreciation is fixed assets that have a limited useful life (land, for example, whose useful life is unlimited, is not subject to depreciation).

The useful life of fixed assets is the period during which the enterprise plans to use the corresponding object, or the number of units of products (services) that the enterprise expects to receive from its use. The useful life of fixed assets is determined by the enterprise itself.

To calculate depreciation, enterprises can use:

* method of uniform write-off of the cost of fixed assets (linear method);

Enterprises in the context of their cost and locations of operation. Each movement of an asset is recorded and reflected in accounting documents. Amounts for fixed assets must be shown in the balance sheet.

Characteristics of account 01

An object can be recognized as a fixed asset provided:

• it is intended to be used in production;
• period of use – more than a year;
• the object will bring economic benefits;
• they are not going to resell it.

Account 01 is intended for accounting for assets with a value of 40 thousand rubles; items with a lower price are classified as inventories and are immediately written off as expenses. Account 01 in accounting is active, and in the Chart of Accounts it is located in the section of non-current assets. The debit turnovers show:

• receipt of fixed assets;
• increase in asset value.

Credit turnover indicates the disposal of objects or their depreciation. Account 01 involves reflecting the value of assets at their original cost excluding VAT. The initial cost may reflect not only the purchase price, but also the amounts paid for delivery, assembly, installation, and customs duties.

Subaccounts to account 01 “Fixed assets”

Each type of object has its own subaccount. What subaccounts does account 01 have:

• 01.1 – assets related to production fixed assets are shown;
• account 01.2 is intended for other production facilities;
• 01.3 for non-production objects;
• 01.4, taking into account livestock;
• 01.5 applies to perennial plantings;
• 01.6 relates to land plots and environmental management facilities;
• 01.7, taking into account assets with non-inventory properties;
• 01.8 for inventory accounting with household supplies;
• 01.9 for leased fixed assets;
• 01.10 to reflect the value of other assets;
• 01.11 when registering the disposal of fixed assets.

It is important to distinguish the purpose of the asset, since account 01.01 “Fixed assets” reflects only those objects that are used in the production process in the main activity of the enterprise.

Analytical accounting for account 01

Account 01.01 in accounting and other subaccounts require maintaining inventory cards. The document reflects assets by location and depreciation groups. Account card 01, a sample of which is presented in the unified form OS-06, is created and maintained for each asset separately, including leased objects. Basic information is entered from acceptance certificates and technical documentation. If there are precious metals in the accounting object, the mass of these metals must be indicated.

For analytical accounting purposes, standard account card 01 can be used, a sample of which can be filled out in any accounting program. It reflects the balance at the beginning of the period, debit and credit turnover, and the resulting balance at the end of the selected time interval.

The balance sheet for account 01 is needed to correctly calculate the amount of income tax and determine the base for property tax. In the first option, the emphasis is on the amount of depreciation and the proceeds from the sale of the asset. In the second case, the specifics of the formation of the residual value of each object are taken into account.

The balance sheet for account 01, the sample of which assumes the presence of only debit balances at the beginning and end of the reporting period, can be generated separately for each object or in the context of groups of assets. To bring tax and accounting data closer together, it is recommended to use a classification of fixed assets depending on their service life.

Typical transactions for account 01

To reflect the receipt of a new fixed asset, correspondence D01 - K08 is used. Costs associated with the acquisition of an asset, bringing it to working condition and the allocation of VAT amounts will be reflected in the debit of account 08, after which account 01 can correspond with K08.

The depreciation of fixed assets is reflected by posting D91.02 - K01, the revaluation involves the creation of correspondence between D01 and K83.

In the case of the sale of a fixed asset, it is necessary to form its residual value. If the residual value is higher than the sales price, the transaction is considered unprofitable; if the residual value is lower than the sales income, the transaction will be profitable. Postings to account 01 “Fixed Assets” will look like this:

1. D62 – K91 for the amount of the transaction for the sale of property.
2. D91 – K68 in the amount of VAT on the object being sold.
3. D02 - K01 when forming the residual value by writing off depreciation.
4. D91 - K01 to reflect the fact of write-off of the residual value of the sold property.

Account 01: postings as an example

Within a month, the company modernized its existing production equipment in the amount of 7,000 rubles. and purchased new fixed assets to increase production volumes in the amount of 90,000 rubles, excluding VAT. The cost of delivery of new assets was 2,500 rubles. Postings for account 01:

• D01 – K08 in the amount of modernization performed for 7000 rubles.
• D08 - K60 in the amount of the cost of the new asset received by 90,000 rubles.
• D08 - K60 to reflect the costs of delivery of purchased equipment in the amount of 2,500 rubles.
• D01 – K08 when accepting a new object for accounting at a cost of 92,500 rubles. (90,000+2500).