Swamp plant. Common bog

Health 22.07.2019
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105. Eleocharis palustris R. Br.

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"Common swamp" in books

regular school

From the book Almost Seriously... [With illustrations by the author] author Nikulin Yuri Vladimirovich

Ordinary School In our 346th ordinary school, where I moved, no delegations came, writers and artists did not come to us, they did not arrange concerts for us. Only once a woman in a white coat came to us and for an hour taught us in a popular language how to

"Ordinary Story"

From the book My "Contemporary" author Ivanova Ludmila Ivanovna

« ordinary story» Oleg Efremov was a very generous person. He gave ideas and even whole productions: for example, the name of Mara Mikaelyan is on the poster of The Naked King, although he worked on the play Efremov. The same is true of The Third Wish, directed by Eugene

ORDINARY WORK

From the Scout's Notes book the author Pipchuk Vasily

ORDINARY WORK Winter in Ukraine in that year, 1944, was uneven - now thaws and appearing on blue sky the sun, then suddenly the north wind will fly by and raise a blizzard that cuts through to the bones. Previously, such whims of nature did not affect the scouts. On the contrary, they

Pork ham

From the book Juicy boiled pork and brawn author Lukyanenko Inna Vladimirovna

Easter ordinary

From the book Dairy Kitchen. Healthy diet no hassle! author Isaeva Elena Lvovna

Easter ordinary

From the book Etudes on Nutrition the author Mogilny N P

Ear ordinary

From the book Fish Dishes. Recipes for every taste author Zvonareva Agafya Tikhonovna

Ear ordinary

From the book Cooking in Nature author Melnikov Ilya

Norway spruce

From the book Flower Garden for the Lazy. Flowers from the last snow to the first frost author

Norway spruce

From the book Blooming Garden is easy and simple. Green and beautiful area all year round author Kizima Galina Alexandrovna

Norway spruce Conifers make up almost half of all forests on Earth, with spruce forests making up the majority. This is due to the fact that young plants from the fallen seeds of the parent tree grow well in its shade, as well as in the penumbra of any deciduous tree.

Bolotnitsa

From the book Encyclopedia of Slavic Culture, Writing and Mythology author Kononenko Alexey Anatolievich

Bolotnitsa In the demonology of the Slavs, a drowned maiden, a swamp maiden, a swamp that lives in a swamp. She was represented with disheveled, uncombed long black hair, which is decorated with sedge and forget-me-nots; with green eyes, always naked and ready to turn people into

Bolotnitsa

From book Slavic gods, spirits, heroes of epics author Kryuchkova Olga Evgenievna

Bolotnitsa

From the book Slavic gods, spirits, heroes of epics. Illustrated Encyclopedia author Kryuchkova Olga Evgenievna

Bolotnitsa Bolotnitsa - in Slavic mythology that was the name of the drowned maiden who lived in the swamp. She lured people to her to tickle them to death and drown them in a swamp. Also, swamps could send to the fields violent storms and rains, heavy hail. Depicted in the form of a naked

112. SPRUCE

From the book Plants are your friends and foes author Akhmedov Rim Bilalovich

112. SECONDARY SPRUCE Young tops of branches, immature cones and needles are often used in everyday life for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bronchial asthma, kidney disease and Bladder, and in the form of baths for pain in the joints of various origins. 30 g

Norway spruce

From the book Antivirus Plants. Flu fight! Fast and reliable treatment viral diseases author Nilova Daria Olegovna

SPRUCE ORDINARY The evergreen beauty spruce is the most ancient tree in the Russian forest: it appeared here back in Cretaceous Mesozoic era. Like other conifers, spruce emits phytoncides. You probably noticed how fresh the air of the apartment is filled when it is in

Bolotnitsa, or sinnyag, is most often found in damp areas - in wet meadows, in swamps and near water bodies. Sometimes it forms quite dense thickets. In nature, there are over one hundred and fifty species of this quite interesting plant. And the swamp grows in a huge number of regions of the world, although warm regions of distant South and North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia are usually considered its homeland.

Getting to know the plant

Bolotnitsa represents the Sedge family and can be both annual and perennial. This graceful plant is endowed with creeping horizontal rhizomes (sometimes even with onions or tubers at the ends) and a huge number of single filamentous stems from five centimeters to half a meter high. These cylindrical stalks are equipped with internal partitions and cavities, and at their tips you can see small cone inflorescences. The leaves of the swamp are either completely absent or reduced to barely noticeable scales.

Small elliptical spikelets of the swamp contain 3, 7 or 15 bisexual flowers. And almost rounded in cross section, vaguely triangular whitish nut fruits are endowed with transverse stripes and longitudinal ribs.

Among the most known species swamps, it should be noted the swamp swamp, hanging down (often cultivated as houseplant), needle-shaped, papillary, one-scaled, ovoid (by the way, this is the only annual among the swamps) and pearl.

Use of the swamp

A fairly large part of the varieties of this moisture-loving beauty is great for decorating streams and ponds in landscape design - the swamp gives them a natural look. In addition, it is able to create a magnificent backdrop for a huge number of other decorative marsh and aquatic plants.

The swamp is used both to strengthen the banks and as feed for cattle. And some of its species are considered weeds of rice crops.

A number of varieties of this plant can be used in aquariums - a striking example of this is the needle swamp, the thickets of which enrich the water with oxygen, purify it, and are also an excellent refuge for aquarium fish.

A beautiful swamp is also used as a bioindicator plant to determine the ecological state of various reservoirs. And she also proved herself well as an anchor holding bottom Riccia.

Sweet bog is widely cultivated in China for its edible corms, which also give it the name "Chinese water chestnut".

How to grow

Bolotnitsa is usually grown in shallow water or on damp soils. Silty slightly acidic clay soils will be most suitable. It is extremely important to ensure that the soil does not dry out. You should also be aware that this plant is incredibly photophilous.

The swamp is planted most often on swampy sunny shores directly into the ground, the thickness of which should not exceed three centimeters, since the root system of this green pet is not particularly well developed. Sometimes the swamp is also planted in containers that can be submerged under water to a depth of ten centimeters. A moisture-loving beauty growing in containers should be fed monthly with various complex fertilizers. And with the onset of winter, the containers in which the hanging swamp grows are transferred to winter in cool and rather bright rooms. It is noteworthy that relatively heat-loving varieties of this plant are usually grown in containers. And cold-resistant species grow well in shallow waters, as well as on well-moistened low banks.

A wonderful swamp reproduces throughout the growing season by dividing plants or seeds. The layers formed from the mother bushes are quite easily separated and immediately transplanted to new places.

International scientific name

Eleocharis R.Br. , 1810

Synonyms type view

Systematics
on Wikispecies
Images
at Wikimedia Commons
IPNI

Bolotnitsa, also Sitnyag(lat. Eleocharis) - a genus of moisture-loving annual and perennial herbaceous plants of the Sedge family ( Cyperaceae).

Distribution and habitat

Plants of this genus are found in damp places: near water bodies, in swamps and in wet meadows. Can form thickets.

Botanical description

Classification

For Russia, several common types are common:

  • Eleocharis acicularis- Needle swamp
  • Eleocharis dulcis- Sweet bog, or Chinese water chestnut
  • Eleocharis margaritacea- Pearl Swamp
  • Eleocharis mitracarpa- Cap bog
  • Eleocharis palustris- Swamp swamp
  • Eleocharis parvula- Small swamp

Economic importance and application

Some species are used in landscape design to design ponds and streams, to strengthen the banks and give them a natural look. Several species are weeds in rice crops.

Separate types, for example, needle bog, can be used in aquariums, where grass thickets form shelters for fish, purify the water and enrich it with oxygen.

For the sake of edible corms in China, sweet bog is cultivated ( Eleocharis dulcis), known as the "Chinese water chestnut".

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Notes

Literature

  • // Flora of the USSR: in 30 volumes / ch. ed. V. L. Komarov. - M.-L. : Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1935. - T. III / ed. volumes B. K. Shishkin. - S. 65-90. - 636 + XXV p. - 5175 copies.

An excerpt characterizing the Swamp (plant)

In 1811, a French doctor, who quickly became fashionable, lived in Moscow, huge in stature, handsome, amiable, like a Frenchman and, as everyone in Moscow said, a doctor of extraordinary art - Metivier. He was received in the homes of high society not as a doctor, but as an equal.
Prince Nikolai Andreevich, who laughed at medicine, recent times, on the advice of m lle Bourienne, he admitted this doctor to him and got used to him. Metivier visited the prince twice a week.
On Nikolin's day, on the prince's name day, all of Moscow was at the entrance to his house, but he ordered no one to be received; but only a few, a list of which he handed over to Princess Mary, he ordered to be called to dinner.
Metivier, who arrived in the morning with congratulations, as a doctor, found it decent de forcer la consigne [to break the ban], as he said to Princess Mary, and went in to the prince. It so happened that on this birthday morning the old prince was in one of his worst moods. He spent the whole morning walking around the house, finding fault with everyone and pretending that he did not understand what was said to him, and that they did not understand him. Princess Mary was firmly aware of this state of mind of quiet and preoccupied grouchiness, which was usually resolved by an outburst of rage, and as before a loaded, cocked gun, she walked all that morning, waiting for the inevitable shot. The morning before the doctor's arrival had gone well. Missing the doctor, Princess Marya sat down with a book in the living room by the door, from which she could hear everything that was going on in the study.
At first she heard one voice of Metivier, then the voice of her father, then both voices spoke together, the door flew open and appeared on the threshold, frightened, beautiful figure Metivier with his black crest, and the figure of a prince in a cap and robe with a face disfigured by rage and lowered pupils of the eyes.
- Do not understand? - shouted the prince, - but I understand! French spy, Bonaparte slave, spy, get out of my house - get out, I say - and he slammed the door.
Metivier, shrugging his shoulders, went up to Mademoiselle Bourienne, who had come running at a cry from the next room.
“The prince is not quite well,” la bile et le transport au cerveau. Tranquillisez vous, je repasserai demain, [bile and congestion to the brain. Calm down, I'll come tomorrow,] - said Metivier and, putting his finger to his lips, hurriedly left.
Footsteps in shoes were heard outside the door and shouts: “Spies, traitors, traitors everywhere! There is no moment of peace in your house!”

There are about 200 species of swamp, spread throughout the globe. They grow in shallow waters, shoals, banks of reservoirs and grassy swamps. Russian swamps, also known as sitnyags, are easily recognized by the rows of single rounded stems, up to 40-60 cm high, usually sitting on a horizontal rhizome, having a single apical multi-flowered spikelet; all the few leaves are scaly. In damp and swampy meadows, along coastal areas of reservoirs, damp and wet roadsides, it is often found marsh bog. The only one of the swamps is an annual - swamp ovoid, settled on damp dirt roads, shores of water bodies.

Marsh bog (Eleocharis palustris (L.) R.Br.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Spikelet many-flowered, usually elongated-ovoid or almost cylindrical, pointed at the apex, 2.5-16 mm long and 1-3(4) mm wide, below with two sterile scales (rarely one sterile scale), half covering the base of the spikelet. Covering scales 2-5 mm long, ovate, pointed or obtuse, usually dark brown, with or without a green median stripe. Perianthous setae four (five) or absent.
Height: 10-50(60) cm.
Stem: Stems contiguous or spaced, 0.3-1.7 mm thick, green or bluish-green, smooth, usually with two scaly leaves.
Root: With creeping horizontal rhizome.
Fetus: 1.1-1.6 mm long, obovate, with finely punctate surface without longitudinal stripes; the stylopodium (the base of the style) is usually conical, separated from the top of the fetus by a constriction.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: The marsh bog grows along the banks of reservoirs, damp and marshy meadows, ditches; often in water.
Prevalence: Cosmopolitan. Distributed throughout Russia (rare in the Arctic regions).
Addition: In some areas of the middle zone of the European part of Russia (Ryazan, Tula, etc.) Austrian swamp (Eleocharis austriaca Hayek) with a narrow-conical stylopodium pressed to the top of the fruit, a grayish-green thin stem.

Single-scaled bogweed (Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Spikelet 0.5-1.5(2) cm long, relatively few-flowered, below with one sterile scale covering at least two-thirds of the base of the spikelet. The covering scales are usually dark purple, without a light membranous margin or with a very narrow margin, rarely nearly black, 3.5-4.2(5.5) mm long. Perianthous setae 3-5(6), rarely absent.
Height: 10-40(60) cm.
Stem: 0.5-1.2mm thick.
Root: With creeping rhizome.
Fetus: 1.5-2.2 mm long; stylopodium conical, rarely almost mastoid.
Flowering and fruiting time: Flowering in June-August, fruiting in July-September.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: The one-scaled bog grows along the banks of reservoirs, damp and swampy meadows, roadsides, ditches; often in water and on damp peat soil.
Prevalence: A predominantly Eurosiberian species, widely distributed in Russia in the European part (more often in the non-chernozem zone) and in Siberia; also known in Kamchatka.

Papillary bog (Eleocharis mamillata Lindb.f.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Spikelet 5-11 mm long and 2.5-4 mm wide, often separated from the stem by a constriction, at the base with two sterile scales. Covering scales ovate-lanceolate, sharp, 2-3.5 mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide, brownish, with or without a green median stripe, along the edge with a white-membranous border. Perianthous setae (4) 5-8, 1.5 times larger than the fruit. Rilets two.
Height: 10-40(50) cm.
Stem: 0.5-1.5 mm thick, green, smooth, at the base with 2-3 brownish-red scaly leaves.
Root: With creeping rhizome.
Fetus: Broadly obovate, 1-1.5 mm long; stylopodium is mastoid, 0.3-0.5(0.6) mm long and tightly pressed to the apex of the fetus.
Flowering and fruiting time:
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: The papillary bog grows along the damp and swampy banks of reservoirs, peat ditches, and damp roadsides.
Prevalence: Mostly European. In Russia, it is distributed in middle lane the European part (mainly in the non-chernozem zone) and in some northern regions; very rare in the south of Siberia and the Far East.

Bog ovoid (Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roem. et Schult.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Spikelets broadly ovate or almost spherical, rarely ovate, many-flowered, dense, with one barren scale at the base; when the fruit ripens, the lower scales fall off. Covering scales are brown or reddish brown, sometimes greenish, with white membranous margins. There are 5-7 perianthal setae, exceeding the fruit, rarely they are absent.
Height: 10-30 cm.
Stem: Stems numerous.
Fetus: 0.8-1 mm long, broadly obovate; stylopodium short-conical, lamellar, with a wide base.
Flowering and fruiting time: Flowering in June-July, fruiting in July-August.
Lifespan: An annual plant.
Habitat: The ovoid bog grows along the sandy and muddy banks of reservoirs, damp roadsides of meadow and forest roads, and the edges of ditches.
Prevalence: Subcircumboreal view. In Russia, it is distributed in many regions of the European part (except for the Arctic) and in Far East; known at several points in southern Siberia. It occurs in all regions of Central Russia.

Needle bog (Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. et Schult.)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Spikelets 2-4 mm long; at their base there are no sterile (barren) scales. Covering scales are greenish or brown, with white-membranous edges. Perianthous setae 3-4 or absent. Rilets three.
Height: 5-15 cm.
Stem: Stems filiform.
Fruit: Oblong-obovate; stylopodium 0.2 mm long, short conical, delimited from the apex of the fruit by a constriction.
Flowering and fruiting time: Flowering in June-August, fruiting in July-September.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: The needle bog grows in shallow waters, shallows of rivers and lakes, along damp ditches; usually in water.
Prevalence: Distributed in Eurasia and North America. In Russia - in the European part, Siberia and the Far East (Kamchatka). It occurs in all regions of Central Russia.

Five-flowered bogweed (Eleocharis quinqueflora (Hartm.) O.Schwartz)

Description of appearance:
flowers: Spikelet ovoid, 3-6 mm long and 1-3 mm wide, 2-7-flowered. Covering scales 3-5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, chestnut or brown, usually without a light median stripe, with a whitish membranous margin; there are no sterile scales. Perianthous setae six or none. Rilets three.
Height: 3-30 (40) cm.
Stem: Stems 0.3-1.2 mm thick, spaced or close together and forming bunches, gray-green, at the base with 2(3) brownish or reddish scaly leaves.
Fetus: Obovate, trihedral, 1.8-2.7 mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide, gray or brownish gray; stylopodium triangular or almost acicular, not delimited from fruit.
Flowering and fruiting time: Flowering in June, fruiting in July.
Lifespan: Perennial.
Habitat: The five-flowered bog grows in key swamps, in swampy meadows, along the banks of reservoirs; usually on saline soils or in places of close occurrence of limestones.
Prevalence: Distributed in Europe, the Caucasus and North America. In Russia - mainly in the European part; very rare in southern Siberia and the Far East (Kamchatka). It occurs in many areas of Central Russia, but sporadically and rarely.
Addition: With thin reddish stolons.

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