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Many thousands of years ago, most of the Earth's territories were covered with forests with huge trees and plants. Studies have shown that giant trees existed 200-150 million years ago, during the Jurassic period.
From the time of the dinosaurs to the present day, giant and evergreen sequoias have survived. evergreen sequoia Sequoia Sempervirens- most a big tree on our planet. The usual height of a sequoia is about 90 meters, but some specimens stretch over 100 meters in height. The sequoia is a long-lived tree and can live up to 3,000 years.
Sequoia wood is valuable because neither fungi nor insects take it.
The largest sequoia bears the name "General Sherman". The height of the tree is almost 84 meters. This tree is about 2300-2700 years old, scientists cannot determine the exact age, because the age of a tree can only be determined by sawing it with rings. General Sherman is the largest tree in the world in terms of timber volume. The volume of the trunk is regarded as 1487 cubic meters. The weight of the giant reached 1910 tons.
Sequoia "General Sherman" is considered the largest of the currently growing, its height is almost 84 meters, and its age is 2300-2700 years
In 2006, the tallest sequoia was found - " Hyperion". The height of the tree has reached 115,5 meters. But the growth of the tree was slowed down by woodpeckers, who damaged the very top of the tree. According to researchers, the age of the tree is 700-800 years.
Biologists use special ropes to climb the Hyperion, the tallest sequoia.
There is evidence that in 1912 a sequoia was cut down, which reached 115.8 meters in height.
It's hard to imagine how much effort it took to cut down a tree of this size.
The largest tree in the world August 10th, 2014
Here is the definition of this tree can be found in Wikipedia:
General Sherman- a copy of the giant sequoiadendron ( Sequoiadendron giganteum) growing in the "Giant Forest" of the Sequoia National Park in California, USA. In terms of volume, it is the most big tree on the ground. The height of the General Sherman tree is 83.8 m, the volume of the trunk is estimated at 1487 m³, the weight is 1900 tons, and the age is 2300-2700 years.
The General Sherman tree is the largest and heaviest living organism on our planet. However, it is neither the tallest sequoia (this record belongs to the Hyperion tree, which belongs to the evergreen sequoia species), nor the tallest representative of sequoiadendrons (95 m high specimens are known, but they have a smaller volume). It is also known that the Crannell Creek Giant tree, cut down in the mid-1940s, Crannell Creek Giant) species evergreen sequoia, growing near the city of Trinidad, had about 15-25% more volume than General Sherman
Let's take a closer look at it...
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In the nineteenth century, the area where the famous tree grows, the explorer John Muir (John Muir), called the "Giant Forest" when he discovered giant sequoias. The name of this part of the park, "Giant Forest", remains to this day. Many tourists describe the General Sherman tree, striking in its size, as a red-orange "stone", the top of which cannot be seen.
Tourists come to the park specifically to see the General Sherman tree, named after the hero. civil war General William Sherman (William Sherman), and take pictures. Next to the sequoia, they seem so fragile and small.
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For a long time it was believed that General Sherman's tree was over three thousand years old, but recent research has determined its exact age - exactly two thousand years. So it's not the oldest tree in the world.
The oldest tree in the world, a special species of California pine, was 4,484 years old when it was cut down in 1965. Sequoias were also cut down, the age of which reached about 3000 years. It is believed that 5,000 trees still exist on Earth.
In the winter of 2006, the tree of General Sherman lost part of its crown, the largest branch of the tree fell off, the diameter of which was about two meters, and the length was about 30 meters.
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Scientists are worried, is the tree really dying? However, they came to the conclusion that this incident does not indicate any problems in the condition of the tree, but can only be a natural defense mechanism against adverse weather conditions.
When the branches fell to the ground, the fence around the tree and the road leading to it were destroyed. Even after this, General Sherman's tree did not lose its status as the largest tree on the planet.
A special path leads to the tree of General Sherman, and even people with disabilities can see this miracle. At the end of the path, brick tiles are laid out, which show where the roots of the tree reach.
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The giant's trunk grows nearly an inch in diameter each year. The General Sherman tree is still growing and, according to the California State Park website, annually adds enough wood to build a five or six-room house.
One of the secrets to giant sequoias' longevity is their thick, tough, fire-resistant bark. But sometimes, during the frequent fires in southern California, the tree burns through.
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No one can say how long a sequoia can live (and scientifically, a giant sequoiadendron), but researchers meet trees here that are estimated to be 3,000 years old! (About this period in Eurasia, mankind learned to process copper and bronze).
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Have you ever thought about how much oxygen such a tree can give out? About 120 kg per year - this will be enough for a family of three to four people!
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Several numbers. The circumference of the trunk near the ground itself is 31.3 m. The crown span is 39.6 meters. The total weight of the tree is 1910 tons, the weight of the trunk is 1121 tons.
General Sherman is found in literature: in Upton Sinclair's fairy tale "Gnomobile - gnome news about gnomes", as well as in Ilf and Petrov's book "One-story America".
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(as it is also commonly called) is rightfully considered one of the largest trees in the world. Also, this long-liver is one of the many wonders of the world. This giant coniferous tree can reach a height of more than 110 meters, and its trunk is 12 meters in diameter. miracle of nature is simply unthinkable. The giant sequoia lives for over 5,000 years.
History of occurrence
To date, scientists have come to the conclusion that a tree of this breed appeared on earth as early as 140 million years ago. This is proved by the found and studied fossils and other geological deposits, on the basis of which it is possible to calculate the approximate period of the appearance of a huge natural creation on the ground.
In ancient times, the sequoia spread in the territories that are today known as France, Japan, and even giant tree already existed in Jurassic period when the planet was inhabited by dinosaurs, and even then forests occupied vast territories in the northern hemisphere. According to experts, 50 million years ago, due to the fact that the temperature on Earth dropped significantly, ice Age. The giant sequoia has stopped spreading across the planet and its range has greatly decreased. After warming, these trees remained at the same stage of development and remained to grow in only one region.
The first giant sequoias were discovered by the Spaniards, who in 1769 sent an expedition to the area of present-day San Francisco. Mammoth trees got their name from the linguist and botanist S. Endlifer, who was the first to call them "red trees". Initially, no one knew what to do with these huge centenarians. They were practically not exploited, this is due to the fact that strong trunks were almost impossible to knock down, since neither an ax nor a saw took them. On top of that, the wood turned out to be absolutely unsuitable for construction, as, for example, pine trees or other giant sequoias were even exterminated in 1848. By the time more than half of the trees had already been destroyed, the US authorities decided to start protecting the amazing creations of nature.
Our days
Today, natural sequoia forests are considered public property, but they have survived only on the Pacific coast of California. The mammoth tree also grows on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountains. This is the only place where the remains of amazing and beautiful forest giants are still preserved. This reserve covers an area of about 670 kilometers of the coast and about 45 kilometers inland. The giant sequoia does not grow high in the mountains because it requires high humidity air. However, the mammoth tree does an excellent job of low temperatures, which just helped this wonder of the world to survive during the Ice Age.
Every year, thousands of tourists come to the United States who want to be photographed at the foot of the tree. The reserve, where the giant sequoia grows, is also popular with the Americans, who even named one such giant after the famous American commander. This giant is protected, like any other monument, and is a cultural asset throughout America. Despite the interest from scientists, it is not cut down under any pretext.
Tree "General Sherman"
The giant sequoia "General Sherman" grows in the Sierra Nevada and is considered one of the most amazing plants on the ground. The height of the tree is more than 83 meters, and its trunk volume is 1486 cubic meters with a weight of more than 6000 tons. According to rough estimates, the tree is somewhere around 2700 years old, and it still continues to grow. Every year, the giant builds up as much wood as an 18-meter tree can. Scientists still continue to study the only one in the world that has seen the entire history of mankind in its lifetime.
Another famous giant
In addition to the "General Sherman" in the reserve there is another amazing tree - a giant sequoia (sequoiadendron). California, where it was cut down, still preserves the foundation of the giant. Moreover, it was also honored by becoming the unspoken symbol of the state. The tree was cut down in 1930 at the age of 1930! On its core, some sectors are combined with paint and the following is written on them:
- 1066 - year
- 1212 - year of signing
- 1492 - the year of the discovery of America.
- 1776 - the year of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.
- 1930 is the year of felling.
Description of sequoia
The tree has a thick bark, the thickness of which is 60 cm. Wood moisture is completely free of oily substances, but tannin is contained in large quantities, making it resistant to any forest fires. Even burned trunks continue to grow further, while other conifers die after such lesions. The wood of this tree is not subject to attacks by insects, fungi, diseases and rot. Its roots grow so deep in the ground that the chance of the tree falling in a strong gust of wind is zero. The giant sequoia, whose pictures and photographs are amazing, has a pinkish bark that becomes redder closer to the core. It does not rot for a long time, withstands huge loads and therefore is excellent for a wide variety of purposes, although it is not actively used.
reproduction
An adult sequoia tree produces a huge amount of seeds, but only a tiny part of them germinate successfully, and even those that have made their way through the ground are forced to fight for their lives. The fact is that young shoots branch along their entire length, but the older they get, the more lower branches they have. Thus, the tree forms a strong dome that absolutely does not let in daylight. The giant sequoia forests do not allow anything to grow under this green canopy. Therefore, young shoots have to deal with low light, therefore it is very difficult to talk about the natural distribution of mammoth trees on earth. In the event that humanity will actively use such wood, there will be a need to create special reserves in which young trees will be grown.
One of the most amazing trees our planet - redwoods. These majestic giants have been growing up and down for thousands of years and today are highest plants peace
Giant sequoias are one of the subspecies of cypress. The sight of these huge trees, whose trunks and crowns go up tens of meters, involuntarily arouses admiration ...
The oldest sequoias known today are over 3,500 years old.
The average height of the trees is about 60 meters, but there are also entire groves over 90 meters high. To date, about fifty sequoias are known, whose height exceeds the 105-meter mark.
The tallest known tree on our planet is the Hyperion sequoia, which grows in national park Redwood near San Francisco. The height of this giant is 115.5 meters
There is an interesting subspecies of sequoia - sequoiadendrons, which are distinguished by a smaller height, but a large trunk diameter. The most voluminous sequoia in the world belongs to this subspecies, it is the 83.8-meter "General Sherman", the base diameter of which is 11.1 meters, and the trunk coverage is 31.3 meters. The volume of the tree is 1487 m 3
Thanks to the colossal area of the trunks, even small cafes and dance floors were arranged on the log cabins of fallen trees.
It is usually difficult to imagine the real scale from a photograph, so I specifically found a few pictures in which people are present - to make it easier to compare sizes)
- (Sequoia), a genus of evergreens coniferous trees family taxodiaceae. Unity, species S. evergreen (S. sempervirens). Belongs to the tallest trees (reaches a height of 110 112 m and a diameter of 6 10 m). Lives St. 3000 years. Grows in the mountains of California and South. Oregon… … Biological encyclopedic dictionary
SEQUOIA- or WELLINGTONIA tree from this. cypress, grows in sowing. America: some reach 300 ft. height, trunk circumference 94 ft. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. sequoia (named after the leader of the Indian ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
SEQUOIA- a genus of coniferous trees of the Taxodiaceae family. The only type of sequoia is evergreen, the height of St. 100 m, diameter 6 11 m. natural plantations only in the mountains of California and South. Oregon (USA). Cultivated for light and durable wood (use ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
sequoia- sequoiadendron, wellingtonia Dictionary of Russian synonyms. sequoia n., number of synonyms: 3 wellingtonia (5) ... Synonym dictionary
SEQUOIA- SEquoia, and, wives. Giant relic conifer native to California. Dictionary Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
SEQUOIA- a genus of coniferous plants from the family. Taxodiaceae. The fossil is known from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous; is widely developed in Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Today it is only preserved in California. Geological dictionary: in 2 volumes. M.: Nedra. Under … Geological Encyclopedia
Sequoia- (Sequoyah) (1760 (70?) 1843), educator of the Cherokee people, who created an alphabet of 85 characters for the language of his tribe. The alphabet is also known as the talking leaves. The date of its adoption is considered to be 1821. Later he took the name George Gist, ... ... The World History
Sequoia- Giant sequoia. national park Yosemite, California, USA. Sequoia, a genus of coniferous trees (taxodiaceae family). The only type of sequoia is evergreen, height over 100 m, diameter 6 11 m. Grows in the mountains along west coast USA… … Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
SEQUOIA- (Sequoia), a genus of evergreen coniferous trees of the Taxodiaceae family. The only evergreen sequoia (S. sempervirens) is considered a symbol of California. These are the tallest trees in the world, also famous for their beautiful, straight-layered, ... ... Collier Encyclopedia
Sequoia- (Sequoia), nat. park in California (USA). Created in 1890 on the square. 163.1 thousand hectares for the protection of the unique landscapes of the Sierra Nevada mountains, incl. 32 groves of giant sequoia. There are more than 70 species of mammals and 120 species of birds. Forms a single protected ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia
Books
- Book: manual / instruction manual for the navigation system TOYOTA SEQUOIA (TOYOTA SEQUOIA) from 2008 release, Detailed description navigation system of Toyota Sequoia cars, the beginning of production - 2008 ... Category: Toyota Sequoia Series: West Publisher: Monolith, Buy for 2755 rubles
- Book: manual / manual for operation and maintenance of TOYOTA SEQUOIA (TOYOTA SEQUOIA) gasoline since 2008 release, This manual has already become a handy book for many owners of Toyota Sequoia, as it is addressed specifically to motorists. The publication does not contain repair instructions, but contains high-quality… Category: Toyota Sequoia Series:
