Who and how made money on the myth of the destruction of the ozone layer by freons. Not everyone probably knows what the Montreal Protocol (MP) is. This is an international agreement, the full name of which in English will be as follows: The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. In translation: Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

Ozone phobias and the Montreal Protocol

It will seem to some that we are talking about some particular, special issue, interesting to a narrow circle of specialists. However, the significance of this document is very great. Firstly, the practical implementation of the MP has affected and continues to affect all of humanity as a whole, including Russia. Secondly, the story of the MP is very instructive, it is an example of how you can fool all of humanity.

I started talking about the MP even in connection with a round date: it will soon be 30 years since the entry into force of this document.

In the middle of the last century, no one discussed the problem of the ozone layer, just as, for example, we do not discuss everyday issues related to the stratosphere. Even very narrow specialists did not think about the ozone, which, as it turned out later, was in the stratosphere, at an altitude of 25-30 km above the Earth. But in 1957, within the framework of the International Geophysical Year, the study of many secrets of the Earth and its biosphere began, including the systematic observation of the ozone layer. The impetus for such observation was also given by advances in space exploration, artificial Earth satellites, spacecraft and orbital stations helped to monitor the ozone layer. It turned out to be a surprise for everyone that in the period 1957-1962. thinning of the layer was recorded, the thickness of which is already very small without it - with the usual atmospheric pressure it would be less than four millimeters. Many geophysicists, biologists, doctors believed that the ozone layer is important for humans and all life on the planet, as it protects all kinds of life from the harsh ultraviolet radiation of the Sun. The first disturbing publications on the topic of ozone layer depletion appeared. True, after a five-year observation period, the ozone layer again began to return to normal. During the period 1970-1980. its thinning or "exhaustion" began to be observed again. Especially noticeable was the thinning of the layer over Antarctica. About forty years ago, a frightening phrase " the ozone hole».

Events developed further very rapidly. American scientists added fuel to the fire S. Rowland and M. Molina, as well as a West German scientist P. Crutzen(Germany). These chemists in 1973-1974. put forward the hypothesis that main reason the formation of "ozone holes" and the danger threatening the entire planet are freons, more precisely, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The chlorine contained in freons really destroys ozone. Said chemists stated that one chlorine atom could destroy at least 10,000 ozone molecules.

There is no scarier beast than freons

Where do freons come from? Man makes them. A significant part of the chemical industry works on the production of freons, which are used by humans in everyday life, and are also consumed by various industries. CFCs are used as cooling agents in domestic and industrial refrigerators, for automobile air conditioners, cleaning the surface of printed circuit boards for microelectronic products, spraying cosmetics and other products from aerosol cans, foaming raw materials in the manufacture of plastic products, and fire fighting. Other CFCs are used to make foams and foams, materials widely used in many consumer products ranging from disposable foam utensils to insulating materials, to washing electrical equipment and even washing spaceships after flights. CFCs are also in demand in the defense industry.

Even before the Second World War, scientists were given the task of developing cheap non-flammable and non-toxic substances for such applications, and the task was solved. Freon-11 and Freon-12 have become the most popular CFCs for domestic refrigerators and air conditioners. Their rapid production and consumption began after the war. From 1950 to 1975, world CFC production increased by 7-10% annually, with a doubling time of less than 10 years. In the 1980s, the world produced about one million tons of CFCs annually.

In the 1970s, after the appearance of the ozone hypothesis, a slight panic began in America. Although the conclusions of American chemists, in fact, had the status of a hypothesis, however, spontaneous campaigns of citizens began against the further use of freons. Aerosol cans (deodorants, cosmetics) began to be subjected to special attacks - they also contained freons. Sales of such cans have more than doubled. In 1978, the US even passed a law banning the use of CFCs as aerosol dispensers. This dealt a severe blow to the chemical industry, especially the American one. The lion's share of freon production at that time fell on the American company Dupont (DuPont). The one that was in the early 1930s. developed in its laboratories these very CFCs.

Dupont: a fight on two fronts

Immediately after the publication of the Rowland-Molina hypothesis, the DuPont Corporation launched a counterattack, calling the conclusions of American chemists "fantasies." Thus, a representative of the corporation in 1974 made the following statement in the US Congress:

The hypothesis of a link between chlorine and ozone depletion is currently purely speculative and has no evidence to support it.

If sound scientific evidence…shows that…CFCs cannot be used without harm to health, DuPont will cease production of these compounds.

The DuPont chairman wrote in an article in Chemical Week on July 16, 1975 that the theory of ozone depletion - Science fiction, nonsense that makes no sense.

For 14 years, DuPont has operated on two fronts, expecting victory on at least one of them. The first front is the debunking of the hypothesis about the destructive effect of freons on the ozone layer of the planet. The second front is the development in their laboratories of new compounds that could replace the old freons, and which were beyond suspicion in terms of their environmental characteristics. On the first front, it was not possible to achieve a turning point, but on the second, there were successes. It was possible to develop new types of CFCs that really did not affect ozone in any way (the most famous is freon-134).

And by the mid-1980s, the company's tactics had undergone a serious reversal: DuPont suddenly became the main critic of the old freons and ... the propagandist of the new ones. The same people who only yesterday ridiculed the Rowland-Molina hypothesis began to support it.

Only a couple of “buts” were embarrassing: the new freons turned out to be several times more expensive than the old ones, they were prone to ignite and had a worse effect on human health. But "DuPont" and its assistants (the media, representatives of "science", environmentalists, etc.) did not notice these "trifles". Apparently, the United Nations (UN) was also among the “assistants”, which began to unconditionally support the Rowland-Molina version and actively fight to preserve the ozone layer by replacing the old generation of freons with a new one (I say this with confidence, since for some time was a consultant to the UN, dealing with environmental issues). Americans S. Rowland, M. Molina and their German colleague P. Krutzen became heroes of science. So, their hypothesis in the 1980s suddenly acquired the status of a theory, and in the 1990s it passed into the category of axioms. So that no one would be tempted to question this axiom, in 1995 the trinity of chemists mentioned was awarded Nobel Prize.

To a hypothesis Charles Darwin about the origin of man from apes to turn into a "theory", it took almost a century. And it took only two decades to transform the Rowland-Molina hypothesis into an "axiom".

The UN at the service of DuPont

DuPont's appetites and ambitions became exorbitant. Hiding behind the Rowland-Molina hypothesis, she could easily push through the US Congress the adoption of a law that would ban the use of old freons and stimulate the production and consumption of new ones. Such a law would ensure the company's monopoly position in the US market. But this was not enough for the corporation - it was about the world market. As a "ram" were used international organizations, primarily the UN and its specialized structures: UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). To begin with, at the initiative of the United Nations, the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer was established - September 16th. In 1985, an international framework document was adopted - the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer. At an accelerated pace, work began to be carried out on the preparation of an international agreement of direct action, which would deal exclusively with the topic of CFCs and contain specific obligations and deadlines for replacing old freons with new ones.

The Montreal Protocol, with which we started our conversation, became such a document. It was signed by thirty countries in 1987 and entered into force on January 1, 1989. The MP provided for the freezing of the production of old-generation freons (they are numbered 11, 12, 113, 114, 115) at the 1986 level, starting from 1992. And in the period 1993-1998. reduce, according to the schedule, the level of production to 50% of the original. Since then, the protocol has been revised (in the direction of tightening) seven times: in 1990 (London), 1991 (Nairobi), 1992 (Copenhagen), 1993 (Bangkok), 1995 (Vienna), 1997 (Montreal) and 1999 (Beijing). Some more compounds were added to freons that can destroy the ozone layer. For example, halons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), carbon tetrachloride (CTC).

Surprisingly, almost all countries of the world unanimously stood up under the banner of the MP. As of December 2009, 196 UN Member States have ratified the initial version of the MP. UN Secretary General (1997-2006) Kofi Annan said that

perhaps the only very successful international agreement consider the Montreal Protocol.

In UN documents, optimism about the ozone future of mankind is constantly heard: they say, if countries adhere to the provisions of the MP, then the ozone layer of the planet will be restored by 2050.

Freon strike on the USSR and Russia

For the vast majority of countries that have signed the MP, this document is neither hot nor cold. They do not produce CFCs. But a number of states - several Western ones, the USSR, China and India - at the time of signing the MP were very large producers of freons. They, of course, produced those old CFCs that were created back in the early 1930s. China and India refrained from signing the MP, continuing the production of old or "gray" freons. But the Soviet Union, which began a destructive "perestroika" under the leadership of M. S. Gorbacheva, went out of his way to please the West. On September 15, 1987, in Montreal, the Soviet delegation, which consisted of professionals, refused to sign an absurd and dangerous document for the country. One of the members of the delegation Vladimir Matveevich Zakharov, leaving Montreal, said:

There are no scientific grounds, any serious for its signing, no.

A menacing shout sounded from the Kremlin. AT compulsory order we signed the document on the night before the new year 1988.

Thus, under the sound of chimes, a significant part of the country's chemical industry was sentenced to destruction. Production of ozone depleting substances (ODS) in Russia peaked in 1990 at 197,490 tons, including 110,140 tons of CFCs. In 1996, the total production of ODS decreased to 47,575 tons (a decrease of 4.1 times), including CFCs - to 17,122 tons (a decrease of 6.4 times). Of the ODS produced in 1990, 47,575 tons or 58.8% were used domestically, and in 1996 - 15,408 tons or 32.4%. The rest was exported to the CIS republics and developing countries (the gray ODS market).

A feature of the production of freons and other ODS in our country was that a significant part of the production was intended for the "defense industry". The thoughtless signing and execution of the MP, first by the Soviet Union and then by the Russian Federation, dealt a serious blow to the military and economic potential of the country. Of the civilian industries, the production of household and industrial refrigerators suffered the most damage. Part of the production of ODS ended up in new states that emerged from the ruins of the USSR. First of all, it is Ukraine, which, after gaining independence, automatically became a member of the MP.

The denouement of the "freon war"

I was a witness to those dramatic events of the 1990s. Dozens of chemical enterprises in the country, according to the requirements of the MP, were subject to either closure or conversion. Representatives of the military-industrial complex sent SOS signals to the government, warning that the defense industry was left without the necessary chemistry. Government (premiers Gaidar, Chernomyrdin, Kiriyenko) and the Ministry of Environmental Protection and natural resources The Russian Federation stated that the fulfillment of international obligations is more important than the country's defense capability. The directors of enterprises resisted in every possible way, refusing to obey the requirements of the MP. The World Bank, which issued a loan ($110 million) to Russia for the implementation of the Management Project, was used as a "ram" environment(EMP). In addition to loans, the project provided grants (totaling several tens of millions of dollars) for the "reconstruction" of enterprises producing ODS. In fact, these were bribes in order for enterprises to close.

Thus, the DuPont Corporation, under the flag of the MP, won the behind-the-scenes war against our chemical industry. In December 2000, the last seven Russian factories producing substances that allegedly deplete the ozone layer were closed. Since then, our entire industry has been based on the use of products from the American corporation DuPont.

And what if Donald Trump, within the framework of economic sanctions against Russia, bans DuPont from supplying us with the necessary chemical compounds? How does this compare with the declarations of our government on strengthening the economic and military security Russia? A year ago, a conference was held in Moscow with a very meaningful title: "From the Montreal Protocol to the Montreal Tribunal." It was dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the signing of the Protocol. Particularly interesting and sharp at the conference was the speech Grigory Kruchenitsky, Head of the Ozone Monitoring Department of the Central Aerological Observatory of Roshydromet.

Here is a snippet of that speech:

In order to fulfill the conditions of the protocol and refuse to produce a number of chemical substances, the chemical sector of the defense complex of the USSR was actually defeated. Moreover, it was crushed with the money that the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development allocated Soviet Union for the restructuring of the chemical industry for new freons. The money was given to Western experts with a complete technological description of our chemical plants in Volgograd, Leninsk-Kuznetsk and Perm. After that, we became hostages of the situation.

The Montreal Protocol is one of the biggest scams of the late 20th century. The American corporation DuPont is its main beneficiary. With the help of this protocol, she was able to achieve the closure of the production of so-called ODS around the world. She captured the world market for a new generation of freons, having established the sale of more expensive and profitable products.

Of course, other companies also made money on MP. For example, those that produce refrigerators and air conditioners. Old cars were thrown into the trash, a new generation of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment appeared, which began to be called environmentally friendly (environmentally safe). By 2005, in the United States alone, replacing old refrigerators and air conditioners with new ones cost households and businesses more than $220 billion. True, household refrigerators with new freons from the DuPont corporation periodically explode, burn, poison and send their owners to the next world. But these are all trifles against the backdrop of such a grandiose task as saving humanity from the threat of ozone depletion.

Science has become a servant of capital

I draw your attention to the fact that the entire DuPont ozone scam is based on the so-called Rowland-Molina theory, awarded the Nobel Prize. In fact, this is not a theory or even a hypothesis, but an outright fake. The same as Charles Darwin's fake about the origin of man from apes. Well, if the American chemists Rowland and Molina received the Nobel for their "discovery", then I believe that it is necessary to correct the injustice against the English "genius" Charles Darwin. I propose posthumously awarding him the title of Nobel Prize laureate!

The format of the article does not give me the opportunity to reveal the entire absurdity of the "axiom" of Rowland - Molina - Crutzen. An endless number of articles and several fundamental books have been written about the ozone-freon fake. One of them came out in France in the late 1990s: Oshot Hammar "Ozone - a hole out of nothing"". Wrote a preface to it Garun Taziev, world famous French volcanologist. Here is a fragment of this preface: “Nothing threatens to disappear for stratospheric ozone. Those who, during the last ten years, have been trying to convince mankind of this, are betraying the scientific truth. It is counterintuitive when, as a pretext for blaming CFCs for ozone depletion over Antarctica, it is claimed that the now-famous "ozone hole" was discovered in 1985, since it existed as far back as 1956. Scientists who have falsified the truth even once have never are no longer trustworthy, and it no longer matters what subject they speak on.

- Give me 2100 mm of the Russian border, I will get rich and provide for my grandchildren.

— Why exactly 2100?

— This is the gauge of a modern truck.

(Modern joke)

Smuggling is a giant "hole" in the Russian economy

For more than a quarter of a century, there has been a continuous robbery of Russia (practically since the birth of the Russian Federation). I have repeatedly spoken about such a channel of robbery as the cross-border movement of capital.

First, with the exception of two or three years throughout the existence of the Russian Federation, the Bank of Russia recorded a net outflow of private capital. 2014 was one of the record years, the net outflow of private capital at the end of the year exceeded $152 billion.

Secondly, throughout the entire existence of the Russian Federation, foreign investors have withdrawn more income from our country than Russian exporters have received income from investments abroad. For example, the international balance of investment income of Russia in 2016 looked like this (billion dollars): income receivable - 36.75; income payable — 69.24. Thus, net losses (negative balance) amounted to $32.49 billion.

Thirdly, the Russian banking system also participates in cross-border capital transactions, but works only in one direction - "there". The export of capital is expressed in the growth of international reserves, which, according to the latest data, reached $412.24 billion (as of July 1, 2017). Without monetary gold, international foreign exchange reserves were equal to $343.77 billion. For comparison: as of July 1 last year, international foreign exchange reserves amounted to $329.26 billion. Thus, the net increase in the export of capital by bankers for the year amounted to $14.51 billion.

In some years, Russia's net losses in only the three above positions, which are recorded by official statistics, significantly exceeded the bar of $100 billion. And in 2014, the sum of the three components reached $200 billion. And this, by the way, is equivalent to about half of the revenue part of the Russian budget in the specified year.

But official statistics do not reflect all losses. These are, first of all, losses, which are called smuggling. It is understood as the cross-border movement of capital, goods and services that is not fixed by state control bodies. However, in addition to the classical, or " black" smuggling, there is also the so-called gray" smuggling. When transactions are recorded by customs and other authorized organizations, but the data of transactions are falsified in the interests of the "beneficiaries" of transactions. In some cases, there is simply a deception of customs and other services, but most often falsification occurs with the connivance and direct participation of control services. It's no secret that the level of corruption in the customs services is off scale. A kind of "gray" smuggling is the transportation of goods prohibited for export and import through third countries. A classic example of such "gray" smuggling is the supply of goods from Ukraine to Russia through Belarus, which is used as a "transit" or "buffer" territory.

The breeding ground for "gray" smuggling is corruption in the customs service. Journalists have repeatedly compiled unofficial ratings of Russian departments in terms of their degree of corruption. The Federal Customs Service (FCS) has always been in the top five. We all remember well the scandal of last summer, when in the country mansion of the head of the Federal Customs Service Andrey Belyaninov The FSB conducted a search. The official was suspected of corruption in particular large sizes. As always, the case was put on the brakes. Belyaninov was fired, the investigation was terminated. Apparently, as always, they were afraid to “light up” the “patrons” standing above the official.

As for the "black" smuggling, then in Russia it is completely expanse. After all, our state border over the years of "reforms" has become "leaky". Due to the weakened border service of the country. Smugglers use hundreds of proven "paths" and "corridors" through which they not only carry, but also transport thousands of tons of goods on cars. Small consignments of smuggled goods can be supplied using individuals. It's about not only about drugs or precious metals, but also about the widest range of household consumer products. Here, for example, is how “small wholesale” smuggling is organized on the Russian-Finnish border. Hundreds of citizens of the Russian Federation, mostly of retirement age, are involved in it every day. They are called "jumps". Early in the morning, these jerboas cross the Russian-Finnish border in private cars. In Finland, a truck with 20 tons of goods is already waiting for them, which is distributed among two hundred cars, 100 kg per car. Individuals legally transport goods ostensibly for personal use without paying duties. Employees of the customs post help the shuttles to quickly cross the border. On the Russian side, another truck is waiting for them, into which goods are being loaded. During the day, the "Jerboa" manages to make up to three walkers back and forth, earning 3 thousand rubles.

However, the purpose of my article is not to try to give an overview of all the methods and technologies of "black" and "gray" smuggling. For such a brief review, even the format of a thick book would not be enough. I will only try to reveal what are the motives of smuggling, what (at least approximately) its scale, what are its consequences for the Russian economy.

So, what are the goals and motives of smuggling?

First of all, for the movement across the border of goods prohibited for import and export by private individuals by law. First of all, we are talking about drugs, weapons, nuclear materials, ammunition, etc. The same list can include counterfeit products that do not meet standards and pose a threat to human life. However, in some cases it is not about smuggled imports, but smuggled exports. For example, weapons. A list of such goods dangerous to life and health of people is contained in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in Chapter 24 “Crimes against public safety” in Article 226`, which establishes criminal liability for their movement without special permits. And just the sale of such goods in the domestic Russian and foreign markets provide a huge profit.

The second motive for smuggling is tax and duty evasion. What taxes and duties are we talking about? - First of all, about those that are charged when importing and exporting goods. Take, for example, the group of goods belonging to the light industry. As the head of the Foreign Trade Support Center notes Galina Balandina, "on average, payments to the budget when importing light industry goods into Russia amount to 30-35% of the cost of the batch." However, figures for individual products can vary greatly. As an example, the experts of the Foreign Trade Support Center calculated the amount of official fees from a specific batch of Turkish goods (auto parts, coffee makers, furniture, sheepskin coats, clothes) worth 64 thousand dollars according to the invoice (a shipping document provided by the seller to the buyer) in the transit declaration (the goods went through the Baltics). It turned out 56 thousand dollars, that is, almost 90%. Another example is a batch of Italian clothes priced at $13,000. Payments to the treasury amounted to 183,000 rubles, or $3,200, or about 25% of the value of the goods (a relatively modest level for this group of goods). As you can see, the "issue price" is considerable. There is something to risk.

The third motive is to use the smuggling of goods and services as a channel for the export of capital, moreover, such that it is already difficult to find the ends of it. Most often, we are talking about "gray" smuggling, when the goods formally pass customs, but price falsification takes place. When exporting goods, prices are underestimated. And the difference between the "fake" price appearing in the documents and the real sale price is sometimes measured in tens of percent or times. This difference settles abroad in the form of bank deposits or other assets. When importing goods, the reverse situation takes place: the prices in the documents are artificially inflated. And again, the money ends up abroad in the form of bank deposits or other assets. This is an illegal export of capital based on "gray" smuggling. One of the goals of such exports is to evade paying taxes on income from foreign assets to the Russian treasury.

Law enforcement agencies keep some statistics on smuggling. Crimes are recorded (registered) that qualify as “smuggling”, but the percentage of their disclosure is extremely low. In addition, even registered cases are only top part iceberg. Experts are trying to determine the extent of the entire iceberg called "corruption" through surveys. However, estimates vary greatly and are unreliable.

Perhaps the most reliable method of estimation is statistical. I want to dwell on it in more detail. We are talking about a comparison of foreign trade (customs) statistics of Russia and its trading partners. Such a comparison shows that there is a noticeable (sometimes very significant) discrepancy between the figures for exports from Russia to another country according to Russian statistics and the figures for imports from Russia according to the statistics of the counterparty country. In the same way, discrepancies can be observed in the figures of imports to Russia from any country and exports from this country to Russia. The resulting differences give an idea of ​​the extent of Russia's smuggling trade. Some discrepancies in the figures of the customs statistics of Russia and partner countries, of course, may arise for technical reasons (for example, differences in the methods of valuation of goods, some discrepancies in the time of export and time of import of goods, etc.). But such technical discrepancies can be no more than a few percent. If discrepancies are measured by 10 percent or more, there is no doubt that smuggling is taking place.

The assessments carried out by Russian experts show the following picture at the end of the last century. In the period 1992-2000. the total volume of smuggling was estimated in the range from 25 to 65 billion dollars. Per year, it turns out from 3 to 7 billion dollars. I will give one example from my book “ Capital flight from Russia» (M.: Ankil, 2002). It concerns Russia's trade with Japan in marine fishery products in 1995. Russian customs statistics showed the export of fish and seafood from Russia to Japan in the amount of 7 thousand tons in the amount of $85 million. Japanese statistics recorded the import of these products weighing 56 thousand tons in the amount of $622 million. It turns out that smuggling of only one commodity group and in trade with only one country exceeded half a billion dollars.

Maybe later it was possible to reduce the scale of smuggling? - Not at all. I will use the calculations that were kindly provided to me Mikhail Alexandrovich Bocharov, well-known political and public figure, entrepreneur. Here, for example, is a generalized picture of Russia's foreign trade in 2011, based on various sources (billion rubles):

As you can see, the data on the trade turnover of the Russian Federation, cited by the World trade organization(WTO) and the UN are twice the data of the Russian Customs Service (RTS). At the same time, the level of smuggling operations for exports was higher than for imports (and in our media, by the way, the main attention is paid to various stories related to smuggled imports).

And here are more specific calculations. They concern only exports and only one commodity group in 2015. We are talking about commodity group No. 27 (according to Russian customs statistics) “Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products”. The group is very important, one might say, the main one for Russia. According to the RTS, goods of this group were exported to all countries of the world in the amount of $216.1 billion. But according to the statistics of partner countries, imports from Russia of the same goods amounted to $338.2 billion. The size of the "hole" is astronomical - 122, $ 1 billion This is smuggling with goods of group No. 27. Smuggling in relation to "white" exports amounted to 56.5%! Particularly high was the share of smuggled exports to the United States (the excess of smuggling over "white" exports by 1.9 times), to Germany (by 1.5 times), to France (by 2.5 times), to Spain (by 1.75 times). times). Smuggled exports to Spain amounted to 63% of the value of "white" exports, to England - 46%, Belarus - 50%, Ukraine - 76%, Poland - 21%, Japan - 3%, China - 7%. For the last two countries, I can assume that the discrepancies in customs statistics are not due to smuggling, but to technical reasons.

According to official statistics, in 2016, the export of goods from Russia amounted to $281.85 billion; imports - $ 191.59 billion. The total trade turnover, therefore, was equal to $ 473.44 billion. Assuming that the volume of smuggling trade is approximately equal to the volume of "white" trade (as it was in 2011), we get, that last year the volume of smuggling trade in Russia amounted to an astronomical value - more than 470 billion dollars. “smuggling” received almost $50 billion less. In terms of national money at the current exchange rate, this is equivalent to about 3 trillion rubles. By the way, this is 22.3% of the revenue part of the Russian budget planned for 2017. Last year, when a scandal broke out around the FCS (in connection with the dismissal of the head of the service, Belyaninov), a State Duma deputy from A Just Russia Mikhail Vasilievich Bryachak announced the need to restore order at customs. He said that smuggling, encouraged by the FCS, leads to the fact that the treasury annually loses 2.5 trillion. rub. A figure very close to the estimate I gave above.

Instead of plugging the smuggled "hole" of the Russian economy, our authorities are beginning to "tighten the screws" and cut social and other vital expenses. I don't remember any of Russian government at least hinted at the smuggling "hole" and the need to take measures to eliminate it. If it is not shut up, then the ship called the Russian Economy will inevitably sink.

Today, the Central Bank with enviable efficiency announced the revocation of the license from the bank "Ugra" from the Russian Top-30. This was a response to the demarches of the obstinate shareholders of the bank, who protested against the previous decisions of the Central Bank and filed lawsuits. In fact, the Prosecutor General's Office acted on their side, but it also failed to influence Elvira Nabiullina. BUSINESS Online experts believe that the hole in the bank is at least 100 billion rubles, and its owner Alexei Khotin may leave Russia.

Professor of the Department of International Finance, MGIMO, Doctor economic sciences, Russian economist and head of the Russian Economic Society. Sharapova":

If you carefully read the law on the prosecutor's office, it says that any of its decisions must be impeccably executed. AT this case I see a flagrant violation of this law by the Central Bank. This question goes far beyond the banking system. The question is that the Central Bank has created an extremely unpleasant precedent - it turns out that it is possible not to comply with the decision of the prosecutor's office. I am not a lawyer, but I specifically called my colleagues, Doctors of Law, we discussed this topic in sufficient detail, they said with a sigh: “What do you want? Mayhem! Life according to concepts! This is the picture we have.

It would be better if the presidential press secretary Dmitry Peskov did not make a statement that the story with the bank "Ugra" is not the competence of the Kremlin, but a matter of monetary policy. But, sorry, it's not. If the decision of the prosecutor's office is ignored, then this is already a matter of state security. This is almost an open attempt to undermine the foundations of our statehood. In general, it is necessary to open a case against Nabiullina. Because she violated the law many times, she violated the law on the prosecutor's office in this case. To be honest, I am surprised that Ms. Nabiullina decides the fate of banks, millions of depositors, thousands of corporate clients, while she herself is a violator of Russian law. How can we even comment on her decision if she should be held accountable for her actions under the law.

About a year ago, the Central Bank unexpectedly decided that 10 unsinkable, "permanent", so-called backbone banks would appear in the Russian banking system. After this decision, which was not recorded in any law - and this is a very serious violation - customers began to run from all other banks to this "top ten". In particular, the financial position of VTB at the beginning of last year was very unimportant, but now it is quite normal. I think that many banks can tell a lot of interesting things here. Of course, they are afraid of the regulator because they can pay for their revelations, but the atmosphere in the Russian banking system is ominous. Nobody trusts anyone, everyone is afraid of the Central Bank, and he constantly violates the Constitution, the law on the Central Bank and other laws.

popular internet

Another scandal erupted in the financial market. Management Company Alfa Capital, which is part of the Alfa Group consortium, warned about the problems of Otkritie Bank, Binbank, MCB and Promsvyazbank through a client mailing list. At the same time, the company said that the situation around these credit institutions "may be finally resolved this autumn." In fact, this means that the game of destruction has begun among the so-called Central Bank's own guys.

Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Alfa Group consortium, Mikhail Fridman, habitually keeps his cheeks shoulder-width apart. So today, putting on a smile, the millionaire decided to disown the big news. Like, my hut is on the edge, and the client mailing is the fault of the inexperienced manager, who inadvertently expressed his private opinion - we’ll figure it out, take action. Meanwhile, the shock wave from the explosion swept through the entire financial market.

“Well, of course, this is a struggle for the market. Unscrupulous struggle for the market. What else could it be? Only such a struggle for the market will never do you any good. It hits you first and foremost. If you are forced to resort to such measures, then the clients have a question - maybe you have some problems, since you sink to such a level of struggle for the client? — the head of the Association of Russian Banks commented on the situation Garegin Tosunyan.

If they talk about finances in the market, then in a whisper and only in the circle of faithful knights of the round table. That's the fact that if not today, then tomorrow a series of large banks will fall, experts of various kinds mentioned. As a rule, on the sidelines of large forums. And for the first time the information came out in the public field. People close to the Central Bank are left to extinguish the tension with caustic phrases.

“It’s just some kind of topic on the verge of a pornographic film,” noted the ex-deputy chairman of the Central Bank Konstantin Korishchenko. — It’s just that a comrade, without thinking, wrote, and around this they will now develop history right up to a bill.”

Comrade, who turned out to be an ordinary manager of Alfa Capital Sergei Gavrilov, by the way, they called for a serious conversation at the Central Bank. However, should the Central Bank marvel at the nervousness in the market? It was the voluntarism of the madam chairman with the notorious surname Nabiullina that led to the fact that the reliability of the entire banking system was called into question.

“More than a year ago, the Central Bank determined a list of 10 unsinkable banks. This list includes Alfa-Bank, Sberbank, and VTB 24. Surprisingly, the list sent out by Alfa Capital includes Otkritie Bank, which was one of the ten unsinkable, - commented on the situation the head of the Russian Economic Society named after S. F. Sharapov Valentin Katasonov. — And I do not rule out that a response from Otkritie Bank is also possible, which can send out the same lists and put Alfa-Bank in the first place. You know, it's like some kind of special operation to create chaos, maybe even uncontrollable chaos."

The game of destruction has begun. The consequences of uncontrolled chaos in the Russian banking sector can only be speculated. Some of the clients of the four shaky banks (according to Alfa Capital analysts) decided to take their deposits away from sin. However, where to carry the money now is an open question.

As they say, while the boyars are fighting, the serfs crack their forelocks.

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Shocking video.

Do you know that on Earth there are creatures on two legs in the guise of a person who not only do not follow the rules of human behavior, but also destroy them directly with the possession of demons?

Do not think that we are talking about ordinary criminals. No. These are beings with great ambitions. Their goal is not just to achieve money or power on Earth, but also to receive human gratitude for their crimes in the form of worship, full respect and readiness to serve their interests, experiencing a heart-rending, crushing fear of their power with a lead slab.

This is not about a worldwide conspiracy. It's about the life of nonhumans. About their daily interests. about their logic. About what we think is the economy, but in fact is a humiliation scheme.

Their game with us is built, based on our greed, on our stupidity, on our ignorance. That is, dependent on money. On empty. After all, money is just a convention. Money has no inherent value for a person. A piece of metal or a shiny stone, a piece of paper or a receipt - these are just gizmos. Only the person himself can endow the simplest thing with great meaning and value. Funny, right?

Watch this video carefully and you will be horrified at how politics has become the horror of all peoples. Now politics has no logic at all, no sense, no morality. All politics has become TV chewing gum, a continuous circus for the nations, a puppet show program.

There is no point in sports now, there is no point in countries, there is no point in negotiations. Because a group of non-humans arrogated to themselves the right to play with earthlings. Nonhumans have every means to destroy entire peoples, states, corporations, armies, cultures and everything else. Until climate change.

Inhumans destroy presidents and install new ones. Nonhumans kill, rob, destroy.

The speaker in the video voices the idea that the United States has brought up such a people who will no longer be able to refuse to serve nonhumans. And justice on Earth can only be restored by destroying the United States. See for yourself:

Valentin Katasonov. Trump is a puppet. Who operates behind the scenes? Video.

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Doctor of Economic Sciences Valentin Katasonov reveals the mechanism of economic fraud on a global scale. Where scripts are written to build a new world. When did the Deep State begin to take shape? Why representative power is a screen that hides the true power of the owners of money. Why the world elite needs the Club of Rome. What are the four main goals facing the owners of money.

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Kovpak: we can beat them...

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Look at the symbols that are present in the picture about the Little Humpbacked Horse.