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The ancient Greek god of time Kronos The main property of time is that it lasts, flows non-stop. Time is irreversible - traveling to the past with a time machine is impossible. “You cannot enter the same river twice,” said Heraclitus. Ancient myths reflected the importance of time. Time is a continuous series of phenomena replacing each other.
In ancient times, people determined time by the Sun. The ancient Indian observatory in Delhi, which also served as a sundial. The majestic Stonehenge is one of the oldest astronomical observatories, built five thousand years ago in Southern England. Already in those days they were able to determine time by the moment of sunrise. Solar calendar of the ancient Aztecs
Thousands of years ago, people noticed that many things in nature repeat themselves: the Sun rises in the east and sets in the west, summer gives way to winter and vice versa. It was then that the first units of time arose - day, month and year. Using simple astronomical instruments, it was established that there are about 360 days in a year, and in approximately 30 days the silhouette of the Moon goes through a cycle from one full moon to the next. Therefore, the Chaldean sages adopted the sexagesimal number system as a basis: the day was divided into 12 night and 12 day hours, the circle - into 360 degrees. Every hour and every degree was divided into 60 minutes, and every minute into 60 seconds. The day is divided into 24 hours, each hour is divided into 60 minutes.
Subsequent more accurate measurements showed that the Earth makes a full revolution around the Sun in 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes and 46 seconds, i.e. for 365.25636 days. The Moon takes from 29.25 to 29.85 days to go around the Earth. The period of time between two culminations of the Sun is called a solar day. They begin at the moment of the lower culmination of the Sun on a given meridian (i.e. at midnight). Big Ben clock in London
Solar days are not the same - due to the eccentricity of the earth's orbit, in the winter in the northern hemisphere the day lasts a little longer than in the summer, and in the southern hemisphere it is the other way around. In addition, the plane of the ecliptic is inclined to the plane of the earth's equator. Therefore, an average solar day of 24 hours was introduced. Greenwich. London Mean solar time, counted from midnight, on the Greenwich meridian is called universal time. Denoted by UT (Universal Time). Local time is convenient for everyday life - it is associated with the alternation of day and night in a given area. In an area with geographic longitude λ, local time (T λ) will differ from universal time (T o) by a number of hours, minutes and seconds equal to λ: T λ = T o + λ
To eliminate discrepancies in the calculation of time in different settlements, it is customary to divide the earth's surface into time zones. 24 earth meridians were selected (every 15 degrees). From each of these 24 meridians we measured 7.5° in both directions and drew the boundaries of time zones. Within time zones, time is the same everywhere. Zero zone – Greenwich. The Prime Meridian passes through the Greenwich Observatory, located near London.
At each of these meridians, standard time differs from universal time by an integer number of hours equal to the zone number, and the minutes and seconds coincide with Greenwich Mean Time. In our country, standard time was introduced on July 1, 1919. There are 11 time zones across Russia (from II to XII inclusive).
A calendar with leap years is called Julian. It was developed on behalf of Julius Caesar in 45 BC. The Julian calendar gives an error of one day every 128 years. The Gregorian calendar (the so-called new style) was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII. In accordance with a special bull, the count of days was moved forward 10 days. The next day after October 4, 1582 began to be considered October 15. The Gregorian calendar also has leap years, but it does not consider leap years for centuries in which the number of hundreds is not divisible by 4 without a remainder (1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, etc.). Such a system will give an error of one day in 3300 years. In our country, the Gregorian calendar was introduced in 1918. In accordance with the decree, the count of days was moved forward 13 days. The next day after January 31 began to be considered February 14. Currently, most countries in the world practice the Christian era. The counting of years begins from the Nativity of Christ. This date was introduced by the monk Dionysius in 525. All years before this date became known as “BC,” and all subsequent dates became “AD.”
Problem: May 25 in Moscow (n 1 = 2) the clock shows 10 hours 45 m. What is the average, zone and summer time at this moment in Novosibirsk (n 2 = 6, 2 = 5 hours 31 m)? Given: T l1 = 10 h 45 m; n 1 = 2; n2 = 6; 2 = 5 h 3 m Find: T 2 - ? (average time - local time in Novosibirsk) T p 2 - ? T l 2 - ? Solution: Find the universal time T 0: T p 1 = T 0 + n 1; T l 1 = T p h; T 0 = T l 1 – n 1 – 2 h; T 0 = 10 h 45 m – 2 h – 2 h = 6 h 45 m; We find average, standard and summer time in Novosibirsk: T 2 = T; T 2 = 6 hours 45 m + 5 hours 31 m = 12 hours 16 m; T p 2 = T 0 + n 2; T p 2 = 6 h 45 m + 6 h = 12 h 45 m; T l 2 = T p h; T l 2 = 12 h 45 m + 2 h = 14 h 45 m. Answer: T 2 = 12 h 16 m; T p 2 = 12 h 45 m; T l 2 = 14 h 45 m;
- illustrations of various clocks: ancient and modern: alarm clocks, clocks, wall clocks, floor clocks, wrist clocks, pocket clocks; with Arabic and Roman numerals;
- hourglass;
- cardboard clock models for class students.
DURING THE CLASSES
Organizing time.
Greetings.
Organization of the workplace.
Statement of the lesson objective.
Solving the crossword puzzle
Solve the crossword puzzle. Determine the topic of the lesson.
1.
The beauty walks
Touches the ground lightly
Goes to the field, to the river
Both the snowball and the flower. (Spring)
2. The main clock located on Red Square. ( Chimes)
3. Part of the day. (Evening)
4.
Powdered the paths
I decorated the windows.
Gave joy to children
And I went for a sledding ride. ( Winter)
5.
Seeing the horn above the roof,
You'll recognize him instantly
If it's higher in the evening
I'm used to turning my nose up. (Month)
Crossword clue
What will we talk about in class? (In class we will talk about time)
And so that you can more accurately formulate the topic, guess the riddle.
Knocking, rattling, spinning,
Ain't afraid of no one
Counts his age
Not a human himself. (Watch)
The topic of our lesson is about time and clocks.
Introduction to the topic.
An excerpt from the fairy tale “The Old Man is a Year Old” is written on the board.
An old man who was a year old came out, waved his sleeve, and twelve birds flew away.
Each bird has four wings, each wing has seven feathers, each feather is black on one side and white on the other.
Conversation based on an excerpt from a fairy tale
Children answer, the teacher writes down the answers or places cards with answers on the board.
Explain who this old man is? (Old man - one year old is one calendar year)
Name twelve birds. (Twelve birds are months)
Why does every bird have four wings? (Four wings are weeks)
Why are there seven feathers in each wing? (Seven feathers - seven days of the week)
Explain how it could happen that the feather is white on one side and black on the other? (The feather on one side is white - this is day, on the other side it is black - this is night)
What is another name for day and night? ( Day)
Learning new material .
Working with cards
What do all these words mean? (These words refer to time, to units of measurement of time)
Arrange these units of time from smallest to largest.
Can we continue this series in increasing order? What units measure time over a year? (More than a year: century, millennium)
What units of time are missing in this series? (This series is missing seconds, minutes, hours)
How many weeks are there in one month?
How many months are there in a year?
How many days are there in one month?
Name the shortest month.
How many years is one century?
Students' responses are heard
What do you think the future is? (What will be.) If the future is what will be, then what is the name of what has already happened? (The past; what has passed.) What do we call what is happening to us now? (Present; what is now.)
Now, please tell me when you will move to third grade: in the future or past? Is it possible for you and me to go back to first grade a year ago? Who would want that? Can we now, at this very moment, become like the tenth grade students at our school? (Children’s answers and reasoning.
Teacher: “Where does our future live? In dreams, in imagination, in hopes. And also - in our present, in our affairs, on which depends what our future will be. Explain, guys, how you understand this. (For example, studying well now, in the second grade, each of you is preparing his future successes in high school day after day.)” After the discussion, the teacher reads the text on p. 17 of the textbook about the value of every moment of current life, the “present”. Asks children to tell about good deeds and actions (their own and those of their fellow countrymen), thanks to which the future should become bright and joyful. Then he offers to complete task No. 1 on p. 12 workbooks.
Is it possible to touch time with your hand and examine it? But people somehow learned to measure invisible, inaudible time. How? (Using a clock.) In which fairy tales are clocks mentioned? (“Cinderella”, “The Scarlet Flower”, “The Tale of Lost Time.”)” During the discussion of these questions, the teacher invites the children to listen to an excerpt from N. Nosov’s story “Bobik Visiting Barbos,” in which the dog Barbos describes the clock.
Bobik scratched his paw behind his ear, then saw a clock with a pendulum on the wall and asked:
- What is this thing hanging on your wall? Everything is tick-tock and tick-tock.
“It’s a watch,” Barbos answered. -Have you never seen a watch?
- No. What are they for?
Barbos himself didn’t really know what the watch was for, but he still began to explain.
- Well, this is such a thing, you know... the clock... it runs.
- How do they walk? — Bobik was surprised. - They don’t have legs.
- Well, you see, they just say that they are walking, but in reality they are just knocking, and then they start hitting.
- Wow! So they still fight! - Bobik was scared.
- Not really! How can they fight?
- You said it yourself - to beat.
- To beat means to ring: boom! boom!
- Oh, well, the tan would have spoken.
Physical education minute .
Watch
Tick-tock, tick-tock, -
So the walkers are knocking.
Children tilt their heads left and right to the beat of the words.
Knuckle-tock, knock-knock, -
So the wheels are knocking.
Alternately, the right and left hands describe a circle in front of them
Toki-tok, toki-tok, -
This is how the hammer hits.
Depict hammers with fists
Touki-tok, tok-tok, -
That's how the heel clicks.
Teacher: “But it turns out that the clocks were not always the same as they are described in the story. Let's take a look into the past of watches, into their history SLIDE No. 5
Time is a rather abstract thing, almost impossible to understand, but measurable. This is precisely why the first watches were invented hundreds of years ago. As you might guess, the first clock that man began to use was a simple sundial, which was an ordinary pole stuck into the ground. A time scale is drawn around it. The shadow of the pole, moving along it, showed what time it was. Later, such clocks were made of wood or stone and installed on the walls of public buildings. Then portable sundials appeared, which were made of valuable wood, ivory or bronze. There were even watches that could roughly be called pocket watches; they were found during excavations of the ancient city. The clock was small. They could easily fit in a pocket. But the inhabitants of the ancient city had not yet invented pockets. So such watches were worn on a cord, chain, or attached to canes made of expensive wood.
The logical disadvantage of such a device was that it did not work indoors or at night. This, of course, was extremely inconvenient. Apparently, this is why the water clock was invented.
Water flowed drop by drop from one vessel to another, and how much time had passed was determined by how much water flowed out. For many hundreds of years, such clocks - they were called clepsydras - served people. In China, for example, they were used 4.5 thousand years ago. By the way, the first alarm clock on earth was also a water alarm clock - both an alarm clock and a school bell at the same time. Its inventor is considered to be the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, who lived 400 years BC. This device, invented by Plato to convene his students for classes, consisted of two vessels. Water was poured into the upper one, from where it gradually flowed into the lower one, displacing the air from there. The air flowed through the tube towards the flute, and it began to sound. Moreover, the alarm clock was adjusted depending on the time of year. Clepsydra were very common in the ancient world.
In addition to water clocks, sand clocks and fire clocks were also known. In the East, the latter were sticks or cords made from a slow-burning composition.
The next step in the development of the watch industry was the invention of the pendulum clock. It is attributed to the great scientist Galileo Galilei. At the end of the 16th century, he noticed that the periods of oscillation of a pendulum depend on the length of the chain on which it is suspended. And, starting from the 18th-19th centuries, watches have firmly entered our lives, becoming a necessary thing.
Clock device
Definition of time
Practical work
P.13 - workbook No. 1, 3
Read the poem “Pleasant News” by V. Berestovaya.
What good news did the hero of the poem tell us?
Why was the hero of the poem so happy about this? (He was glad because he learned to tell the time by the clock)
Teacher: “Guys, is it possible to stop time? (Time cannot be stopped, but with the help of photographs, drawings, and keeping a diary, you can preserve the memory of a particular event; figuratively, this is spoken of as a stopped moment, stopped time.) Looking at photographs, paintings, listening to people’s stories, reading books, we, “Looking into the past as if through a magic glass.” The teacher can show the children photographs, reproductions, and read an excerpt from the childhood memories of the classics of Russian literature.
Working from the textbook
What numbers can be used on watch dials? (Arabic and Roman numerals are used on watch dials)
Lesson summary .
Arrange the units of time in order.
Name the very first hours.
How do the clocks work?
What time does the clock currently show?
Homework.
View document contents
“Presentation for the lesson of the world around us “Time””
- Lesson on the world around us
- 2nd grade
- MAOU secondary school No. 2, Kaliningrad
- Teacher: Cherkashina E. A.
1. The beauty walks, touches the ground lightly, walks to the field, to the river, over snow and over flowers. (Spring)
2. The main clock located
on the Red Square. ( Chimes)
3. Part of the day. (Evening)
4. I dusted the paths and decorated the windows. She gave joy to the children and took them for a ride on a sled. ( Winter)
5. When you see a horn above the roof, you will recognize it instantly, If in the evening you are used to lifting up your nose higher. (Month)
- An old man who was a year old came out, waved his sleeve, and twelve birds flew away.
- Each bird has four wings, each wing has seven feathers, each feather is black on one side and white on the other.
Water clock
It is believed that the oldest water clock is about three and a half thousand years old. They were found in ancient Egypt, in the temple of the god Ammon. A scale with twelve divisions was carved on the alabaster bowl. The measure of the hour was the thickness of the finger or 18.75 millimeters. Such hours were divided into “hours of expiration” and “hours of stay.” Time literally flowed drop by drop from the hole in the bottom of the vessel or filled it. The Greeks called their water clock "clepsydra" - the stealer of water. The sundial could only tell time during the day, and at night it was replaced by a clepsydra.
Hourglass
Two vessels connected by a narrow neck through which sand moves from the upper vessel to the lower one. Hourglasses are designed to measure a limited period of time - from a few seconds to several hours or days (depending on the size of the watch).
Fire clock
can be divided into three main types:
1. Lamp lamps. Oil was poured into the lamp and the wick was inserted. Moreover, the amount of oil and the length (thickness) of the wick depended on the required burning time of the lamp. Such clocks were popular among miners (both a lamp and a clock were convenient).
Wick clock. The metal wick was wrapped in a shell (tar + sawdust). Balls were attached to the wick on strings. The strings burned out at certain intervals, and the balls fell with a roar. This indicated that a certain period of time had passed (for example, an hour).
Candle clock. were popular in China. The clock itself was a candle in the form of a spiral. Such sticks, divided into sections by notches (designed to indicate certain periods of time), could burn for months. They could be used as an alarm clock (a metal ball was hung on a string at a certain notch; the fire reached the desired notch, the rope burned out, and the ball fell into a special vessel, making noise).
Pendulum clock
Invented in the 17th century by H. Huygens. Accuracy is ensured by the oscillations of the pendulum; the spiral acts as an energy source.
Digital Watch
A clock powered by an electronic generator. The operation of an electronic watch is based on a microcircuit that is “powered” by the network or batteries. As a rule, the display serves as the dial of such watches. A type of electronic watch is an electronic-mechanical one, which has the same principle of operation, but the time is indicated on the dial by arrows.
Slide 1
Regional scientific and practical conference “Step into the future” “Time. Measuring time. Watch". Stolyarova Victoria 5th grade Leader: Serkina G.N.Slide 2
Goal 1. Conduct a survey to find out what students know about the origin of time. 2. Explore the origin of time and its measurement. 3. Make a classification of watches from ancient man to the present day. 4. Show the meaning of time for humans and its effect on the human body and animals. 5. Select time-related tasks for logical thinking.
Slide 3
Objectives: 1. Development of cognitive interest in learning. 2. Application of acquired knowledge in further training. Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Origin of time, classification and description of clocks 3. Biological time and its effect on the body. 4. Entertaining tasks against time.
Slide 4
Introduction In our daily lives, we use time so often that we don’t even think or suspect what it is? Where did the concepts come from: year, month, day, hour, how ancient people measured time and with what. Turning to my classmates and older kids, I realized that they couldn’t explain to me the origin of time and its measurement, then I decided to learn more about it by turning to books, the Internet, and telling my peers about my discoveries.
Slide 5
The origin of time, classification and description of clocks It is easy to count objects: one, two, three, etc. Measuring a short distance is also easy. It is enough to have some kind of measure; we even often measure distances in the way of primitive people - we count steps. It is much more difficult to find a measure for time. Here neither fingers nor steps will help: time can only be measured by time, and the measure must be sought in nature.
Slide 6
The oldest “clock” that never broke was the sun. Morning afternoon Evening Night. Not very precise, but this was enough for primitive man. Then people learned to determine time more accurately: during the day by the sun, and at night by the stars. Ancient sundial. Ancient clocks of Egypt.
Slide 7
People noticed that the stars in the sky were moving, and slowly. All of them seem to be tied to one star, which they called the Nail of Heaven. Now we call this star Polaris, it points in the direction of the North Pole. Not far from the North Star in the sky you can always find seven stars arranged in the shape of a bucket. This is the constellation Ursa Major. In one day it makes a full revolution around the North Star, and half a circle in one night. So it turns out that there is a real clock with a star hand in the sky.
Slide 8
Three or four thousand years ago, people not only knew this day exactly, but also managed to build a stone calendar that showed the beginning of the year without error; it has survived to this day. When the first ray of the rising sun fell on the sacred stone inside the circle, it meant that the new year had begun. The whole year is 365 days.
Slide 9
After the week was divided into days, we learned to break them into 24 hours. The very first hours were sunny. Time was judged by the length of the shadow cast by vertical objects. The famous obelisks of Ancient Egypt were also sundial indicators. They cast clear shadows, which could be used to indicate the time with an accuracy of several minutes.
Slide 10
Such clocks have survived to this day, for example, in the city of Pushkin. There is a small milepost with the inscription: “22 versts from St. Petersburg,” and next to it lies a slab with Roman numerals around its circumference. The shadow falling on one or another number indicates the time of day, like the hand of a clock. Such pillars were erected more than 200 years ago at every mile along the entire road from St. Petersburg to Moscow.
Slide 11
The sundial does not work on a cloudy day, much less at night. For this case, the ancients had a water clock. Usually, it was a vessel from which water slowly flowed through a narrow tube. Its level in this vessel or in another into which water was poured indicated the time of day and night. The error of the water clock was at least 10 minutes per day. In ancient times, some eastern cities had city water clocks. On the steps of the stone staircase, one below the other, there were several vessels. The top vessel was filled with water and water was poured through a small hole from it into the second vessel, from it into the third, etc. The attendant watching the clock announced the hour after a certain time.
Slide 12
Slide 13
In ancient times, the well-known hourglass was invented. The date of the first hourglass is unknown. Mentions of bottle-type clocks, most likely sand clocks, have been available since the time of Archimedes. Although the hourglass appeared late in Europe, it quickly spread. This was facilitated by their prostate, reliability, low price and the ability to measure with their help at any time of the day or night. The disadvantage that prevented the widespread use of these watches was the relatively short interval of time that could be measured without turning the watch over. Typically, hourglasses were designed to work for half an hour or an hour.
Slide 14
In addition to sundials, hourglasses and water clocks, from the beginning of the 13th century. The first fire-candle clocks appeared. This is a very simple clock in the form of a long thin candle with a scale printed along its length. They showed the time relatively satisfactorily, and at night they also illuminated homes. The candles used for this purpose were about a meter long. This is where the custom of measuring the length of the night comes from by the number of candles burned during the night. Usually three such candles burned out during the night, and in winter - more. Metal pins were sometimes attached to the sides of the candle, which fell as the wax burned out and melted, and their impact on the metal cup of the candlestick was a kind of sound signaling of time.
Slide 15
The invention that marked a new stage of development was the “wheel clock,” later renamed mechanical. Initially, for a long time they had only one hand - the hour hand. Much later, a minute hand appeared, and 60 years later, a second hand. Then the time came for electronic, quartz watches, etc. It is unlikely that any other measuring instrument can boast such a variety of incarnations as a watch. Even if we consider, starting only with mechanical ones, we can find clocks with a spring for winding and clocks with weights, cuckoo clocks and pendulum clocks, striking clocks and alarm clocks.
Slide 16
A variety of sizes - from a tower clock several meters high to a clock in a ring on a finger. The accuracy of measurements ranges from ordinary household ones to sports ones, measuring hundredths of a second. The latest invention is a watch in which the second hand does not “jump” to a new position, but moves evenly in a circle.
Slide 17
In addition to the fact that there are clocks that we are accustomed to using, there is a so-called biological clock, when the body of each person adapts to certain conditions. Back in the days of the water clock, the first attempts to translate the human biological clock appeared. This was due to the "wasting of daylight." In the UK, it was proposed to move the clocks forward 20 minutes in the summer, and return the clocks back in the winter. This idea was implemented by all European countries. In addition to the fact that there are clocks that we are accustomed to using, there is a so-called biological clock, when the body of each person adapts to certain conditions. Back in the days of the water clock, the first attempts to translate the human biological clock appeared. This was due to the "wasting of daylight." In the UK, it was proposed to move the clocks forward 20 minutes in the summer, and return the clocks back in the winter. This idea was implemented by all European countries.
Slide 18
Various reviews on the transition between winter and summer time: PROS CONS 1. ENERGY: Saving electricity, coal. 2.PHARMACISTS: Changing the clock affects the body, increasing the sale of medicines. 3. FARMERS: With the transition to summer time, sowing time increases. 1. MEDICS: Sleep disturbance, heart rhythm disturbances, increased stress, decreased performance, the number of ambulance calls increases. 2. LIVESTOCK FARMERS: Milk yield is decreasing.
Slide 19
Data from a survey of schoolchildren in grades 5-6, in order to find out how the change of clocks to summer and winter time affects their body. Conclusion: the clock change does not affect my peers in any way, but it’s nice that in the fall there is an opportunity to sleep an extra hour. Questions Summer time Winter time 1. Do you feel the clock change? 32 5 2.Has it become easier for you to get up? 2 25 3.Has your performance increased? 15 12 4 Translation, which time suits you best? 2 30 5.When did you have more free time? 15 15 6.Has the clock change affected your appetite? 20 3 7. Does time change affect your academic performance? 4 5 8 Has your routine changed? 18 14 9.Are you satisfied with changing the clocks to seasonal ones? 10 22
Slide 20
Slide 21
Entertaining tasks against time. 1. There are hourglasses for 7 and 9 minutes. How can you use them to measure exactly 20 minutes? 2. The clock struck 3 o'clock, taking 3 seconds to do so. How long will it take for this clock to strike 7 o'clock? 3. How many times faster does the end of the minute hand move than the end of the hour hand? 4. Which watch shows the correct time more often - the one that is 2 minutes faster per day, or the one that is standing still? 5. There are two clocks in the room. Some go exactly, while others rush by 8 minutes a day. At noon the clock was set exactly at 12. How long will it take for the first time for these two clocks to show 12 o'clock at the same time again? 6. Evgeny Onegin had a pocket watch, which he wound twice a day: in the morning at 8.30 he made 11 full turns of the crown, and in the evening, when he went to bed, he had to make 9 turns. What time did Onegin go to bed? 7. How many positions are there on a properly running clock when the hour and minute hands are aligned? 8. The man’s wall clock stopped. He goes to his friend, whose watch is running correctly, sits with him for some time and, returning home, correctly sets his watch. How to do this if you know how long the journey takes and how long he spent with a friend?
Slide 22
Interesting clock facts: Clocks are not traditionally installed on casino premises. The traditional "clockwise" movement of watch hands is used to indicate the direction of circular motion. However, there are watches whose hands move “counterclockwise”. Big Ben is not the name of the tower, but of the 13-ton bell that rings inside. Atomic clocks have an error of 1 second in six million years. One second is 9,192,631,770 vibrations of the radiation of a cesium-133 atom. The clock runs clockwise - from left to right - because that is the direction the sundial's shadow moves. The oldest sundial dates back to the 15th century. BC, discovered in Egypt. There are 24 time zones.
Slide 23
The leap year number (with the added day of February 29) must be a multiple of four. There is an exception: years divisible by 100 are not leap years. There is an exception to the exception: years divisible by 400 are leap years. 1900 was not a leap year, but 2000 was. There are leap seconds. There are: millennium, century, five-year plan, year, quarter, month, decade, week, day, hour, minute, second, millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, femtosecond and so on. No one knows for sure why the year is divided into 12 months (this division does not correspond to either the lunar or solar calendar). It is believed that the division of an hour into 60 minutes is associated with the Babylonian number system, which was based not on 10, but on 60. Although there are 60 seconds in one minute, there are 1000 milliseconds in one second. It is incorrect to say “what time is it?” All you have to do is say “what time is it?” 24 hours of sidereal time equals 23 hours 56 minutes 4.091 seconds of mean solar time.
Slide 1
MKOU Toguchinsky district "Toguchinskaya secondary school No. 4"
“TIME AND ITS MEASUREMENT” Completed by: student of class 4 “B” Sudarev Grigory Supervisor: Ryabkova Elena Nikolaevna
Slide 2
What is time?
“I know perfectly well what time is, until I think about it. But when I think about it, I cannot answer.” Blessed Augustine Aurelius
Slide 3
QUESTIONNAIRE
What is time? How is time measured? What units of time do you know? What is the largest unit of time? Does time affect a person? Do you believe that there is a biological clock? Name proverbs and sayings about time.
Slide 4
RESULTS OF THE SURVEY
What is time? this is our life – 6% this is the hours, day and night – 18% this is a physical quantity – 5% it goes on forever – 3% this is what shows when to go to school – 1% I don’t know 67%
How is time measured? Hours, minutes, seconds – 68% Days – 32%
Slide 5
RESULTS OF THE SURVEY
What units of time do you know? Hour -56% Minute, second – 38% Year, century – 6%
What is the largest unit of time? Hour – 63% Year – 30% Era – 7%
Slide 6
RESULTS OF THE SURVEY
Does time affect a person? Name proverbs and sayings about time. Yes – 85% I don’t know – 15% Time for business, time for fun – 18% Day and night, a day away – 7% Don’t know – 65%
Slide 7
Goal of the work
Research and study information about the concept of “time” and its dimensions at a level that my peers can understand.
Slide 8
Tasks
Read and analyze literature that describes the concept of “time” and its measurements. Find out what units of time there are. Design your own watch. Draw conclusions. Summarize the information you have collected and share it with your classmates.
Slide 9
Hypothesis
I think that time is a special quantity that has such properties as uniqueness, duration, irreversibility.
Slide 10
Explanatory Dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova
TIME is: 1. In philosophy: one of the main objective forms (along with space) of the existence of endlessly developing matter is the consistent change of its phenomena and states. 2. Duration, the duration of something, measured in seconds, minutes, hours. . Average daily time. 3. An interval of one duration or another during which something happens, a successive change of hours, days, years. Time interval. 4. A specific moment at which something happens. 5. Period, era. At all times (always). 6. Time of the day, year. Evening time. Kids time. 7. Suitable, convenient time, favorable moment. Everything has its time. 8. A period or moment not occupied with anything, free from something. Free time 9. In grammar: a form of a verb that refers an action or state to the past, present or future. Present, past, future tense.
Slide 11
Explanatory Dictionary V.I. Dahl
Based on the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by V. I. Dahl, the concept of TIME is the Duration of existence, the Sequence of existence; continuation of cases, events; days after days and centuries after centuries; sequential course of day after day. In natural science, they distinguish between sidereal, solar, universal, local, zone, and maternity time. The universal properties of time are duration, non-repetition, irreversibility.
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CONCLUSION
There is no clear concept of “time”
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Time units
A moment in time is a point on the time axis. In everyday life, a moment in time can be understood as so many hours, minutes, seconds of such and such a date. A period is a period of time during which a cyclic process completes a full cycle of changes. An instant (moment, instant) is a short period of time.
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Moon calendar
Julian calendar
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Time units
Millennium (millennium) is a unit of time equal to 1000 years. A century (century) is a unit of time equal to 100 years. Ten centuries make a thousand years. Decade - a decade most often means a calendar decade, a period of time that includes ten years. A year is a unit of time, in most cases approximately equal to the period of revolution of the Earth around the Sun (365 or 366 days). Quarter - 3 months - 1/4 of a year (used primarily for accounting purposes) Quarter (approximately 1/4 of an academic year) Month - a unit of time associated with the Moon's orbit around the Earth. (30 or 31 days, February 28 or 29 days) Decade - a period of time lasting 10 days, ten days, the third part of the month. Used primarily in statistics and economics. A week is a unit of time greater than a day and less than a month. (7 days) Five days - five days. Six days - six days
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What is time? this is our life – 6% this is the hours, day and night – 18% this is a physical quantity – 5% it goes on forever – 3% this is what shows when to go to school – 1% I don’t know 67%
2. How is time measured? Hours, minutes, seconds – 68% Days – 32%
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Time units
1 year = 12 months = 52 weeks 1 month = 4 weeks 1 week = 7 days 1 day = 24 hours = 1440 minutes = 86400 seconds 1 hour = 1/24 days = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds 1 minute = 1/1440 days = 1/60 hour = 60 seconds 1 second = 1000 milliseconds
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The clock is
a tool with which you can divide the day into small periods of time and make these intervals visible. said Johann Littrow
“Time 3rd grade” - Consolidating computing skills. Tree. Day. Arrange the numbers in ascending order. Draw a square. Hard science. Write the number. Without legs and wings. Day. Second. The grace of a wondrous task. Just a minute. Units. Studied material. Private. First term. Math lesson in 3rd grade. Clock layout.
"Time. Units of time" - Kilometer. Meter. Kilogram. Ton. Decimeter. There's more than enough time. Express: Length. Millimeter. No time. A week. Everything is clear in the lesson, there are no difficulties. Spend time. Weight Length. Nothing is clear in the lesson. Time flies. Weight. Kill time. Year. Day. Month. Centner. Units of time measurement. Gram.
“A number as a result of measuring a quantity” - Measuring the length of a segment using a measure. “Number as a result of measuring a quantity” mathematics lesson in 1st grade.
“Drawing up formulas” - Formula for the number of students in a class. Work formula. Practical work. Drawing up formulas. Formula for fabric consumption for a dress. Product cost formula. Volumes of geometric bodies. Volume of a rectangular parallelepiped. Area of a rectangle. Areas of geometric figures. Formula for the area of a circle. "Thinking" sheet.
“Actions with quantities” - Express in new units of measurement. Actions with named numbers. Find the perimeter. How much area does the road cover? Problem solving. Solve the chain. How much flour did you use for each pie? How much longer is the second piece than the first? How much do both watermelons weigh together? Verbal counting.
“Ancient units of measurement” - Arshin. The Little Humpbacked Horse. Finger is an ancient name for a finger. The cubit is the oldest measure of length, which was used by many peoples. Average arshin. Berkovets. A quarter is a period of time equal to a period of 3 months. 1 Hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds. 1 chervonets = 10 rubles. The span, span (or quarter) is one of the oldest measures of length.
