2. Development of therapy. Advanced features of domestic therapy in the second half of the 19th century It must be said that Russian clinicians of the second half of the 19th century. did not take the position of therapeutic nihilism. Let's name the largest therapists of this era: G. A. Zakharyin, S. P. Botkin, A. A.

LECTURE No. 9. Healthcare and the development of medical science in the Soviet period

LECTURE No. 10. Development of medicine at the end of the 20th century. International cooperation in the field

18. Development of medicine in the 15th century Monastic hospitals and their role The fact is that the Mongol-Tatar yoke, under which Rus' was for a long time, slowed down the development of Great Rus', the Kyiv state, which, by the way, was considered one of the most civilized and

26. Development of medicine at the beginning of the 18th century To begin with, it is necessary to note that by the 18th century. Russia has stepped over the so-called period of backwardness, which was caused by the Mongol-Tatar yoke. Serfdom, which shackled a significant part of the country's population, was a barrier to

52. Medicine during the Great Patriotic War. Development of medicine in the post-war period From 1941 to 1945. The Great Patriotic War was going on, which became the bloodiest in the entire history of mankind. More than 27 million soldiers and civilians died. But many survived and survived

3. The emergence and development of forensic medicine in Russia In pre-Petrine times, there are only isolated indications of medical examinations that were of a forensic nature. In the 17th century examinations of wounds, injuries and corpses of the dead were carried out by officials with

Conclusion Natural medicine is a new stage in the development of domestic physiology As is known, human and animal physiology is a science that studies the vital processes occurring in the body of humans and animals, the relationship of these processes and their dependence

Chapter 9. The formation of Soviet healthcare and medicine (the first years of Soviet power) In Soviet historical literature, October 1917 is considered the beginning of modern times. In most foreign publications, the beginning of modern times is associated with 1918 - the time

Chapter 1 The emergence of medicine and its development in primitive society The era of the primitive system covers the period from the appearance of the first people to the emergence of class society. This era is also commonly called the Stone Age. The existence of a primitive communal system

Chapter 9 Medicine in Russia during the period of the decomposition of feudalism (first half of the 19th century) For Russia in the first half of the 19th century. characterized by the further development of capitalist relations and the disintegration of the feudal system. International trade expanded. Russian agricultural

During the Great Patriotic War, doctors showed no less heroism, fortitude and courage than soldiers, sailors, pilots, logistics workers and officers. Nurses carried wounded soldiers on fragile shoulders, hospital medical staff worked for days without leaving the sick, pharmacists did everything possible to provide the front with highly effective medicines in the required quantities. There was no easy post, position, place of work - each of the doctors contributed.

Beginning of the war

The medical service, like the entire army, entered the war in conditions of its sudden onset. Many activities aimed at improving medical care and supplies were still largely unfinished. Divisions of border districts entered combat operations with a limited supply of medicines, tools and equipment. All the more significant is the feat of doctors during the Great Patriotic War, who managed to save the health and lives of soldiers and civilians in the most difficult conditions.

From the first day of the war, a tense situation was created both with the supply of active troops and with the production of medical equipment by industry. The main supplies of medications and surgical instruments concentrated in the border districts did not have time to be removed. Significant volumes of medical equipment were lost, which were intended for formed and deployed units and institutions.

Despite the loss of sanitary warehouses, thanks to the heroic work and incredible efforts of military pharmacists, more than 1,200 wagons of medical and sanitary equipment were removed from the surviving warehouses on the front line to the rear of the country.

Experience gained in blood

The most difficult year for the country, 1941, ended with the long-awaited first great victory of the Red Army in the grueling battle of Moscow. Here, the feat of doctors was especially clearly demonstrated during the years. Photos of that period captured footage of soldiers rescued from hurricane fire and bombing by orderlies and nurses. There were often cases when medical workers covered the wounded with themselves, not sparing their lives. Unbiased statistics speak about the intensity of the work of the medical service. During the Moscow battle, a huge amount of medical equipment was used up:

• On the Western Front alone there are over 12 million meters of gauze.
• The Kalinin and Western fronts consumed more than 172 tons of gypsum.
• “Care for the wounded” kits, regimental and divisional, were widely used, which contained the most important medicines, serums, and syringes. From the front-line warehouses of the Western Front, 583 sets of regimental and 169 sets of divisional ones were issued to the troops.

Techniques for organizing medical supplies in the Moscow battle, summarized at a meeting at the GVSU of the Red Army on April 12-15, 1942, made it possible to more successfully provide troops and medical institutions in subsequent operations of the war.

Moscow is behind us!

During the Great Patriotic War, doctors learned to work effectively both in conditions of defense (retreat), and in the offensive, and during rapid breakthroughs to great depths of the front. In many ways, valuable experience was gained during a long, persistent defense and subsequent counter-offensive in the Moscow direction. The Battle of Moscow made it possible to adjust the organization of medical support for troops in the context of the transition from defensive actions to an offensive operation of a strategic scale.

Even before the start of the defensive battle near the capital, the medical service of the Western and Bryansk fronts did a lot of work to put in order their forces and equipment, which were significantly weakened as a result of heavy losses in the first two months of the war. Particular attention had to be paid to staffing the medical units of regiments and divisions with orderlies and orderly porters.

On the front line

Numerous facts are known about doctors during the Great Patriotic War who did not spare their own lives in order to carry out, drag out, and by any means deliver the wounded from the battlefield to the hospital. I had to work under fire, in heat and rain, in mud and snow.

It was especially difficult to remove the wounded in deep snow cover. Therefore, the most reliable ambulance vehicle, especially during blizzards and snow drifts, turned out to be a sleigh. And not only for transporting the wounded to regimental medical posts (RPM), but often also for their evacuation from the PMP to divisional medical posts. The need to have appropriate means of reinforcement as part of the medical service units began to be clearly felt. The mounted medical companies included in the medical service forces became such a means, significantly facilitating operational evacuation.

Hospitals

During the Great Patriotic War, tens of thousands of military doctors worked in hospitals. For example, in the period 1941-1942. Only in the armies of the Western Front there were 50 field mobile hospitals and 10 evacuation centers with a total capacity of 15,000 staff beds. The hospital base of the Western Front was deployed in two echelons in two evacuation directions. The total capacity of the hospital base reached 42,000 beds. At the same time, in the first echelon, mainly field medical institutions were deployed, and in its second echelon, almost exclusively evacuation hospitals.

The feat of doctors during the Great Patriotic War was their dedicated daily work. The main efforts of the medical service were aimed at evacuating the wounded and sick as soon as possible from those areas that were under the threat of being captured by the enemy, providing medical assistance. A significant number of lightly wounded, as well as moderately wounded, continued to remain in service. The significant medical losses that the troops of the Kalinin and Western fronts suffered from the very beginning of the counteroffensive led to the arrival of at least 150-200 wounded per day, and on days of intense fighting - up to 350-400.

Pharmacies

During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), doctors fought not only on the fronts. Serious problems, sometimes overwhelming, were caused by the logistical supply of vital medications to pharmacies. The implementation of medical supply tasks was further complicated by the fact that an impressive group of pharmacists and doctors had left for the active army. The number of pharmacists working in pharmacies was reduced by half in 1941-1942.

The systematic supply of pharmacy chains with products and medicines was seriously disrupted: most medical industry enterprises were destroyed or evacuated. Since military pharmacies were staffed mainly by pharmacists called up from the reserves upon mobilization. Most of them had secondary pharmaceutical education and had never served in the army. A significant part of the workers were women who completed a short period of study in pharmaceutical schools. A number of positions in pharmacies were filled by medical assistants.

The heads of military pharmacies, who represented all staff positions in one person, experienced particular difficulties. In addition to professional duties, pharmacists also had household chores. They wrote the documentation themselves, received medications, sterilized solutions, and washed pharmaceutical glassware. Moreover, military requirements for the preparation and use of medicines had to be mastered along the way. The contribution of doctors during the Great Patriotic War was important not only on the front line, but also in the pharmacy chain.

Example of Service

The history of the Second World War is rich in facts about how the role of one person influenced the fate of thousands. Medical surgeons shouldered the brunt of saving lives and preserving the working capacity of wounded soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. Photos of distinguished specialists can be seen in print publications, museums, and on the Internet. The example of the outstanding surgeon and organizer Vasily Vasilyevich Uspensky is indicative.

After the occupation of his native Kalinin (now Tver), the talented doctor headed the Kashinsky district hospital. At the same time, he was a surgeon at this medical institution, a consultant for evacuation hospitals deployed in the city of Kashin, neighboring settlements and the regional hospital evacuated to this city. It was he who operated on the legendary hero pilot A.P. Maresyev. At the Kashin hospital, Vasily Vasilyevich organized a blood transfusion station and a regional scientific society of doctors.

In 1943, V.V. Uspensky returned to Kalinin, where he organized a special hospital through which more than 3,000 children, delivered by plane from enemy lines, passed through. This children's hospital was known even outside the country. In particular, Mrs. Clementine Churchill, the wife of the English Prime Minister, spoke enthusiastically about Uspensky’s service.

Providing ophthalmological care

On the battlefield, wounds and eye injuries occurred frequently. Among the wounded soldiers undergoing treatment, the largest number were patients with shrapnel and bullet wounds of varying severity that required surgical intervention. During the war, in Saratov hospitals alone, doctors from specialized ophthalmological departments and eye disease clinics helped restore the sight of 1,858 wounded and 479 sick people.

A significant contribution to the development of methods for providing medical care on the battlefield for eye injuries, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of eye injuries at the hospital stage, was made by the staff of the department and clinic of eye diseases, headed by Professor I. A. Belyaev. During the Great Patriotic War, Saratov doctors significantly improved the diagnosis and treatment methods of inflammatory eye diseases, and new technologies were introduced into the daily practice of ophthalmologists.

How the problem of drug shortages was solved

The heroism of doctors during the Great Patriotic War was also manifested in the rear. There was an acute shortage of medical supplies in the country, so the task was to revive the pharmaceutical industry, which was mostly destroyed at the beginning of the war. In a short period of time, supplies of medications were established.

This was facilitated by:

• Relocation of a significant number of chemical and pharmaceutical industry enterprises to Central Asia. This led to the creation of the eastern group of the chemical-pharmaceutical industry, which took on the main burden of funds.
• Help from the countries of the anti-fascist bloc. The cooperation made it possible to install powerful installations for the production of streptocide, sulfidine and sulfazole, chlorethyl and pharmacopoeial soda.
• Reorientation of non-core industrial enterprises. Textile factories, which began to produce medical gauze, helped overcome the situation of shortage of dressings. Also, many chemical industry enterprises began to supply health authorities with ampoule preparations: adrenaline, caffeine, glucose, morphine, pantopon and others.
• Replacement of scarce pharmaceuticals with medicinal plants. In the spring of 1942 alone, about 50 tons of thirty-six species of medicinal plants were collected. Scientists have recreated the method of replacing medical cotton wool with peat moss-sphagnum and obtained fir to replace the traditional and now scarce cedar.

Development of new medicines

Women doctors during the Great Patriotic War made an outstanding contribution to the development of new highly effective medicines. A significant breakthrough was the production of the first samples of penicillin by a group of Soviet scientists under the leadership of Professor Z.V. Ermolyeva. Ermolyeva’s research group studied the therapeutic effect of the new drug “Penicillin-Crustosin VIEM” for wounds and wound complications in medical battalions close to the battlefields and in home front clinics.

The Central Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, headed by Professor M.K. Krontovskaya, mastered the method of producing typhus vaccine. The People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR recognized this remedy as effective in the fight against typhus, which was rampant at that time, and decided to use the new serum on a mass scale.

A scientific discovery of world significance was the development of a method of freeze-drying plasma by an employee of the Leningrad Institute of Blood Transfusion, Professor L. G. Bogomolova. She had the opportunity, without knowing the blood type of the wounded person, to transfuse large doses of a drug called “dried plasma” from a donor. With this method of transfusion, donor blood turns into powder, which is stored for a long time and is easily transported.

Feat of nurses

During World War II, the need for nurses became acute. In accordance with this, the NK of Health began to accelerate the training of nursing staff. Until 1945, the Red Cross Committee trained over 500,000 sanitary workers, 300,000 nurses, and more than 170,000 doctors. Staring death in the face, they bravely carried the wounded from the battlefield and provided assistance to them.

One can talk about heroic deeds by looking at the fate of the nurse of the Marine battalion, Ekaterina Demina. A pupil of an orphanage, she served on the medical ship “Red Moscow”, which transported the wounded from Stalingrad to Krasnovodsk. She quickly got tired of life in the rear; Ekaterina decided to become a nurse in the 369th Separate Marine Battalion. At first, the paratroopers received the girl coolly, but she gained respect. Throughout this time, Catherine saved the lives of more than 100 wounded, destroyed about 50 fascists, and herself received 3 wounds. E.I. Demina was awarded with many awards.

During World War II, the Red Cross successfully coped with the accelerated training of nurses and orderlies, and self-sacrifice, kindness and love for the Fatherland helped medical workers ensure the wounded recovered and returned to the front. Thus, everything possible was done for Victory.

Afterword

During the Great Patriotic War, Soviet doctors worked miracles, putting wounded soldiers back on their feet. According to statistics, more than 70% of those admitted for treatment returned to service from our hospitals. For example: German doctors managed to return only about 40% of the wounded to the army.

The further into history the tragic years of the Great Patriotic War go, the more fully and vividly the heroic feat of the people and their armed forces appears before us, the clearer we see at what cost the victory was achieved, and what contribution medicine made to the cause of victory.

Zhukov
Georgy Konstantinovich
(1896 –1974)

Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov wrote that "... in the conditions of a major war, achieving victory over the enemy depends to a large extent on the successful work of the military medical service, especially military field surgeons." The experience of the war confirmed the truth of these words.

The attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR presented the Government, the People's Commissariat of Health and the military medical service of the Red Army with tasks of unprecedented complexity that had to be solved as quickly as possible. The brutal hostilities that began did not leave time for long-term reflection and, first of all, it was necessary to immediately transfer the army’s medical service to a military footing.

Military medicine has already gained some experience working in combat conditions, operating on the Khalkhin Gol River and during the Finnish-Soviet conflict.

Based on the results of the military campaigns of 1939–1940. Significant changes were made to the staffing and organizational structure of the medical service, including the creation of the Main Military Sanitary Directorate of the Red Army, which was headed by Efim Ivanovich Smirnov (later Colonel General of the Medical Service, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences). In May 1941 unified forms of personal registration of the wounded and sick, statistical reporting on their movement and treatment outcomes were put into effect, and a staff of chief specialists in medical areas was created.

The war, which began on June 22, 1941, from the first days revealed problems that the military medical service had to deal with for the first time. This is not only saving the wounded, but urgent evacuation of hospitals for various purposes with hundreds of thousands of beds to the east, these are medical and sanitary tasks, organizational issues and much more.

Smirnov
Efim Ivanovich
(1904 –1989)

In particular, in the western part of the country there were 39.9% of doctors and 35.8% of hospital beds of the total number of the People's Commissariat of Health.

In total, 472 thousand certified personnel worked in healthcare throughout the country:

Incl. more than 140 thousand doctors (including 96.3 thousand women doctors; 43.7 thousand men);
- incl. 228 thousand nurses;
- incl. there were 12,418 career doctors in the Red Army;
- incl. staff 91,582.

A nurse provides first aid to a wounded Red Army soldier.
(Photo from the RGAKFD funds)

The military medical service had honey. units in units, medical battalions in divisions, field hospitals in armies at the rate of one per rifle corps, garrison and district hospitals with warehouses for medical and sanitary equipment.

Most of this base was located in the western front-line regions, and they did not have time to transfer them to wartime states. In the very first days of the war, a huge amount of medical equipment and property was lost.

The medical service suffered significant personnel losses. The question of replenishing the army's medical service with doctors - specialists, orderlies - instructors and orderlies, and the question of organizing the supply of everything necessary, arose urgently.

All these urgent organizational measures had to be resolved in the first period of the war of 1941–1942, during the hostilities, during the chaotic mass retreat of our troops.

Professor Danilov I.V. and Professor Garinevskaya V.V.
at the bedside of a wounded man in one of the hospitals.
(Photo from the RGAKFD funds)

Already June 30, 1941 was approved “Instructions for the supply of medical and sanitary equipment in the active army.”

In February 1942 a unified military field medical doctrine has been developed.

1. all gunshot wounds are primarily infected;
2. the only reliable method of combating infection of gunshot wounds is primary wound treatment;
3. most of the wounded require early surgical treatment;
4. wounded who undergo surgical treatment in the first hours of injury give the best prognosis.

E.I. Smirnov wrote: “An important place belongs to the organization of medical supplies for troops. A clear organization must ensure maneuver with medical equipment of combat support, and the higher the medical commander, the greater rights he should have to carry out the maneuver.”

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov also noted ... “that to achieve good results in military field hospitals, it is not so much scientific surgery and medical art that is needed, but an efficient and well-established administration.”

Pirogov
Nikolay Ivanovich
(1810 –1881)

The main task of the medical service was to sort the wounded coming from the battlefield to dressing stations.

One of the most striking indicators of the organization of the field medical service, which was of paramount importance for all subsequent surgical work, was time of arrival of the wounded person after injury at the regimental medical station (RPM), where he was provided with first aid. The main requirement for the medical service was to ensure the arrival of all wounded at the field medical station within 6 hours after injury and at the medical battalion within 12 hours. If the wounded were delayed at the company site or in the area of ​​the battalion first aid post and arrived after the specified deadlines, then this was considered as a lack of organization of medical care on the battlefield. The optimal period for providing primary surgical care to the wounded in the medical battalion was considered to be within six to eight hours after injury.

The issue of creating therapeutic hospitals was resolved only in December 1942. Professor Miron Semenovich Vovsi was appointed chief therapist of the army. N.N. became the main specialists in various areas of medicine. Anichkov, N.N. Burdenko, M.S. Vovsi, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Yu.Yu. Dzhanelidze, F.G. Krotkov, A.L. Myasnikov, A.I. Evdokimov.

Vovsi
Miron Semyonovich
(1897-1960)

For the treatment and evacuation of the wounded and sick, in addition to organizing all types of hospital care, in 1941. 286 permanent military sanitary trains, 138 temporary VSP, 295 air ambulance aircraft, 100 sanitary transport river vessels were formed.

Formed on the territory of the Vologda region, during the loading of the wounded.
(Photo from the RGAKFD funds)

(Photo from the RGAKFD funds)

.
(Photo from the RGAKFD funds)

(Photo from the RGAKFD funds)

About the features:

The number of wounded was determined by the folding combat situation.

Mandatory consideration of what troops in battles suffer unequal and non-simultaneous losses in manpower.

- shortage of general surgeons and specialists in the treatment of combat injuries to organs and tissues of the body.

Another characteristic feature of military medicine is that we have to deal with wounded soldiers who have been subjected to exceptionally great physical, neuropsychic and pain stress, often leading to complications during treatment.

(Photo from the RGAKFD funds)

(Photo from the RGAKFD funds)

In July 1941 The GVSU sent instructions on military field surgery and to all doctors of the field medical service, which stated that the main task of the medical service is the return to duty of soldiers cured of wounds and illnesses.

It should be noted what contingent of troops had to be provided in the medical and sanitary aspect by the military medical service.

Number of active Red Army:

About 4.8 million people at the beginning of the war in 1941;

Within 4.2 million people at the beginning of 1942;

Within 6 million people in 1943 - 1945;

34 million people were drafted in 1941 - 1945.

Numerical active Army
(1941-1945)

For 1941 The active army lost more than 4.4 million soldiers killed and missing, not counting the wounded and sick. In 1941 The army suffered huge losses due to injuries to soldiers and officers; the Western Front alone had 30% of the losses of the total number of wounded on all fronts. The 5th Army of the Polar Fleet lost in December 1941. only 19,479 people were wounded.

The Southwestern Front had medical losses of 376,910 soldiers in only 47 days of fighting during the retreat.

During the first period of the war 1941–1942. The military medical service lost a significant number of medical battalions and hospitals, medical equipment and medical personnel.

On June 30, 1941 The Western Front lost 32 surgical and 12 infectious diseases hospitals, 13 evacuation centers, 3 autosanitary companies, 3 sanitary warehouses, evacuation hospitals with 17,000 beds, and 35 other units of medical units.

A large number of dressings and medicines were lost during the bombing.

A front-line warehouse located near Minsk, in which up to 400 wagons of medicines and equipment were stored, was captured by the enemy.

The rapid advance of the enemy led to the fact that 15% of medical institutions remained in service on the Western and Southwestern fronts.

Irreversible losses of doctors and paramedical staff in 1941 – 1942. amounted to 11.5 thousand people. The losses of medical instructors and orderlies amounted to 22,217 people.

On the Western Front, 90% of doctors went missing, and on the Southwestern Front - over 90% - during this period.

.
(Photo from the RGAKFD funds)

(Photo from the RGAKFD funds).

In conditions of hostilities, it was necessary to urgently resolve personnel issues, issues of training medical specialists, and issues of replenishing the medical service with paramedics and orderlies.

The main “personnel forge” for the military medical service was the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. Military doctors who underwent advanced training there, and students who received special military medical knowledge during the training period, formed the backbone of the management and medical staff of the medical service of the Red Army. Within its walls, 1,829 military doctors were trained and sent to the front. Moreover, in 1941, the academy produced 2 early graduations. Academy graduates showed true heroism in fulfilling their patriotic and professional duty during the war. 532 students and employees of the academy died in battles for their homeland. Representatives of other medical schools also made a significant contribution to the victory. Since 1942, the Moscow Dental Institute has been restoring the training of dentists. This branch of medicine turned out to be in great demand at the front. The treatment of maxillofacial wounds has become especially important.

For 1941 – 1945 More than 65 thousand doctors were trained by the country's universities and sent to the active army and 80 thousand doctors were called up from the reserve. Basically, personnel problems have been resolved.

XI graduation of nurses
Novorossiysk secondary medical school, 1942.
(Photo from the RGAKFD funds).

Much work has been done to analyze the organization of medical support for troops both during the retreat in the first period of the war, and during offensive operations. At the same time, shortcomings were identified, which E.I. Smirnov divides it into three categories:

- errors in the implementation of staged treatment with evacuation as directed. Medical primary triage of the wounded must be complete. After initial treatment, the wounded person must be sent to the desired hospital with clear documentation, bypassing intermediate stages.

Errors in the management of field medical services and the organization of maneuver by field medical institutions in a combat situation. This also includes neglect and maintenance of work cards and operational documentation. Without clear documentation, staged treatment is not feasible.

All these defects in the work of the army and front-line medical services were explained by the poor medical and tactical literacy of the personnel, the lack of experience in managing field medical services in military operations and in planning medical and sanitary support for combat operations of troops.

During the war the situation improved. In total, more than 17 million wounded and sick were returned to service during the war years. The return of healed fighters to the ranks of such a continent was the result of the dedicated work of both medical practitioners and scientists throughout the country.

(Photo from the RGAKFD funds).

The understanding and systematization of medical problems and scientific discoveries of the war experience amounted to 35 volumes of the fundamental work “The Experience of Soviet Medicine in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.” (M. Medgiz 1949 - 1955).

The war dictated its own laws to medical science and practice. It was necessary to develop and implement new methods and means of treating and rehabilitating wounded and sick soldiers, to prevent the emergence and spread of epidemics at the front and in the rear. Many scientific problems that came to the fore during the war were seriously studied in the pre-war years. For example, studies by Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko, Vladimir Andreevich Oppel and many others.

Experience of Soviet medicine
in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945, volume 35.

At the front and in the rear, the method of local anesthesia developed by A.V. became widespread. Vishnevsky - it was used in 85-90% of cases.

The testing of penicillin and the treatment of septic processes was developed under the leadership of Professor Ivan Guryevich Rufanov.

Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva, received the first Soviet penicillin in 1942 and subsequently actively participated in organizing the industrial production of antibiotics.

Professor Alexander Nikolaevich Bakulev proposed radical surgical treatment of craniocerebral wounds with the application of a blind suture, regardless of the timing of the surgical intervention. Among his wartime scientific works: “Surgeon’s tactics for wounds with the presence of foreign bodies”, “Treatment of brain abscesses with gunshot wounds of the skull”, “Treatment of gunshot wounds of the spine and spinal cord” and a number of others.

Leningrad scientists contributed a bright page to the history of surgery during the war years. The results of their scientific research were published in the collections “Works of Leningrad Doctors during the Year of the Patriotic War” (1942). It is impossible to list all the works here. We will mention only one - Professor F.I. Mashansky, “Replacement of gunshot nerve defects.”

For his work “Foreign bodies of the lungs and pleura of gunshot origin,” Professor Justin Yulianovich Dzhanelidze received the Stalin Prize. During the war years, he dealt with the problems of cardiovascular surgery, especially with gunshot injuries, worked on the problems of reconstructive surgery, and proposed a method of osteoplastic amputation of the hip, which entered surgery under the name “Dzhanelidze method.”

Hundreds of reconstructive operations for wounds of the maxillofacial area were performed by the director of the Moscow State Medical Institute, Professor A.I. Evdokimov.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Blokhin was involved in improving the methods of plastic surgery after injuries and burns. In 1946, the work “Skin plastic surgery in the surgery of war injuries” was published.

Research and development of new effective medicines, dressings, medical devices and devices was carried out - “Everything for the front, everything for victory!” Scientific problems and other topics were developed.

Funds of the MSMSU Museum
them. A.I. Evdokimova

In 1944, a plan for research work on pediatrics. The main problems in the plan were related to restoring the health of children affected by the war. They united into large blocks:

Child morbidity and mortality during the war years;

Physical development of children during the war and post-war years;

Rational nutrition of a healthy and sick child in war and post-war times;

New food products;

Tuberculosis in childhood during wartime;

Acute infectious diseases in children, other topics.

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

In 1944, studies on epidemiology and microbiology were planned. This year, coordination of research work in all medical disciplines began. Only on the problems of epidemiology and infectious diseases, 200 scientific developments were carried out at the country's medical institutes.

Soviet Soviet immunologist and virologist
Lev Alexandrovich Zilber (1898 –1974).
Photos from the RGAKFD funds

In the resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated February 18, 1944. “Regulations on research activities of universities” emphasized that the full development of scientific work is an indispensable responsibility of teaching staff.

The basis of the scientific potential was 5 academicians, 22 honored scientists, 275 professors, more than 300 doctors and 2000 candidates of medical sciences. Military medical topics were fundamental in the research activities of medical and biological scientific institutions. Coordination of this work within the system of the People's Commissariat of Health was carried out by the Scientific Medical Council.

In the system of the USSR Academy of Sciences, on July 17, 1942, a military sanitary commission was created under the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which included L.A. Orbeli, A.I. Abrikosov, N.N. Burdenko, K.I. Scriabin, A.D. Speransky and others. The Scientific Medical Council of the People's Commissariat of Health and the Military Sanitary Commission under the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences worked in close cooperation with the GVSU and its Scientific Medical Council. The All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine was of great importance - one of the main research institutions in the country, the base of which served as the foundation for the creation of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR.

Active scientific work was carried out during these difficult years among the troops. The generalization of the experience gained and its further implementation in practice was facilitated by front-line and army scientific and scientific-practical conferences of doctors, where the most pressing issues facing the military medical service were discussed.

Important sections of the activities of doctors were sanitary and hygienic measures, anti-epidemic support and the prevention of infectious diseases among military personnel and home front workers. The activities of Soviet military doctors in the field of anti-epidemic protection of troops during the Patriotic War entered the world history of medicine as a glorious page.

Wars are always accompanied by epidemics or significant outbreaks of various epidemic diseases. Diseases spread along troop routes. In turn, the presence of foci of the disease among the civilian population in the front-line rear poses a danger to the troops. In previous times, losses from epidemics in the troops always prevailed over combat losses.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the military medical service of the spacecraft took into account all aspects of the anti-epidemic fight in past wars and made organizational and scientific and methodological conclusions.

During the period 1941–1942. As a result of the evacuation of the civilian population and the movement of troops from west to east, massive crowds of people formed in populated areas of the country and on transport. All this led to the emergence of foci of typhus, typhoid and relapsing fever. The general morbidity rate in the active army began to increase, and the number of epidemic diseases increased. So, per 1000 personnel, the incidence of typhus increased from 0.003% in June 1941. to 0.35% in February 1942

A mass of military units from almost all of Europe passed through the occupied territory of the country, spreading various epidemic diseases among the impoverished local population. Lice among the rural population was widespread, the incidence of typhus was epidemic, and there were outbreaks of typhoid fever, tularemia, and other infectious diseases. (example: During the first year of the war, the incidence of dysentery on the Leningrad Front was over 50% of the diseases in the entire army.)

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

February 2, 1942 a decree was issued by the State Defense Committee “On measures to prevent epidemic diseases in the country and CA.”

Among anti-epidemic measures, the main role belonged to the timely diagnosis of diseases, isolation of patients and their treatment on site, in areas of occurrence, bathing, laundry and disinfection services for troops and the population, sanitary and epidemiological reconnaissance, specific immunoprophylaxis of typhus and dysentery.

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

The resolution provided for the creation of local emergency plenipotentiaries anti-epidemic commissions, which included representatives of civil authorities, health authorities, army sanitary service, police, and party bodies. The People's Commissariat of Health, in particular, was entrusted with ensure universal immunization against acute gastrointestinal diseases in cities and towns, general immunization of conscript populations according to the methodology adopted in the army.

In the army to fight epidemics there were sanitary control points have been created, stationed at large and junction railway stations to monitor the sanitary condition of military personnel, sanitary and epidemiological units, army-level washing and disinfection companies, infectious field mobile hospitals, laundry and disinfection units, sanitary and epidemiological laboratories and others.

During the war, hygienic anti-epidemic units of the military medical service, in particular, examined 44,696 settlements, identified 49,612 foci of typhus, and 137,364 patients with typhus.

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

Cook's camp kitchen
guard senior sergeant N.K. Ivanov at the forefront.

5,398,680 civilians were washed, 4.5 thousand baths, 3 thousand disinfection chambers and much more were built. By the time our troops began their offensive on all fronts, the medical service had a powerful and well-organized organization that made it possible to provide anti-epidemic protection to the troops.

A huge amount of work was carried out on vaccination and revaccination according to epidemic indications, in particular, when epizootics and foci of plague were identified, vaccinations were done with live plague vaccine in the areas of the Stalingrad and Rostov regions.

The NIISI polyvaccine solved the most difficult problem of military medicine - a one-time vaccination against seven infections simultaneously.

As a result of attention to the above problems and their solution by medical services during the war, 90.6% of all sick soldiers and officers were returned to the active army.

Recovered wounded soldiers who have undergone treatment
in the hospital named after. Botkin, say goodbye to doctor Malyutina V.N. Left: nurse Z.N. Tarasova
Photos from the RGAKFD funds

Bandages a wounded soldier.
Photos from the RGAKFD funds

From the experience of anti-epidemic and sanitary support for combat operations of troops during the Great Patriotic War, the following conclusions can be drawn:

Epidemic diseases in the troops are not inevitable accompaniments of wars; they arise from the unsatisfactory state of the staffing and organizational structure of the medical service and the lack of necessary specialists;

Previous experience in this work must necessarily be supplemented by the achievements of the relevant sciences, especially biological and medical;

Carrying out routine vaccinations can be possible and successful when the immunization scheme with vaccine preparations is one-time and the method is simple, allowing to cover more people in a short time.

According to incomplete data, during the war years of 1941–1945, the Nazis destroyed 1,710 cities, over 70 thousand villages, 98 thousand collective farms, 1,876 state farms, 32 thousand factories, 65 thousand railway tracks, and other infrastructure on the territory of the USSR. Human losses amount to tens of millions of lives.

Collective farmer of the village of Vysokoye, Kharkov region O. Kononikhina
with children Viktor, Ivan, Vladimir and Nikolai at a house burned by the Germans.
Photos from the RGAKFD funds

Issues related to medical care for prisoners of war and repatriates. It was here that the humanism and philanthropy of Russian medicine manifested itself with all its brightness. In accordance with the Regulations on Prisoners of War approved by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on July 1, 1941, the wounded and sick among them were sent to the nearest medical institutions, regardless of their departmental affiliation. They were provided with medical care on the same basis as Red Army soldiers. Meals for prisoners of war in hospitals were carried out according to hospital rations. At the same time, in German concentration camps, Soviet prisoners of war were practically deprived of medical care.

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

The solution to the problem was of national importance reducing the level of disability among the wounded and sick. In the context of a sharp decrease in human resources in the country, the decrease in the level of disability increased not only the number of combat-ready soldiers and officers, but also the number of the working population. Already in November 1941, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR adopted a special resolution “On measures for employment and training of disabled people of the Patriotic War.” As a result of the measures taken, more than 80% of war invalids were able to return to full-time work in the national economy of the country.

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

At evacuation and triage hospital No. 2-386
Photos from the RGAKFD funds

Without supply of medical equipment, without coordinated work pharmacists and pharmacists full and timely provision of medical care is impossible. Thanks to the work of the chemical-pharmaceutical, medical-instrumental industry, the medical service was sufficiently provided with medicines, surgical instruments, and consumables. In a short time, new pharmaceutical institutions and enterprises were formed. To manage this activity, the Central Pharmacy Research Institute was formed in 1944, and in 1945, the Main Pharmacy Directorate of the People's Commissariat for Health of the USSR.

In 1941–1945 More than 200 thousand doctors, 500 thousand paramedical personnel, and a million-strong army of medical instructors and orderlies worked at the front and rear hospitals.

The share of women among all medical workers was 46%. Among front-line doctors, women accounted for 41%, among military surgeons - 43%, nurses - 100%, sanitary instructors and nurses - 40%.

The country's scientists made a huge contribution to saving people during the war with their discoveries in science.

Many decisions in the field of scientific development resulted from the creation of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in June 1944. 60 academicians were elected to its first composition.

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, st. Solyanka, 14.
Photos from the RGAKFD funds

This event was preceded by another interesting decision - on November 12, 1942, a military medical museum was created in Moscow, which in 1945 opened to visitors in Leningrad.

The problems of blood replacement and the widespread practice of obtaining live blood were developed. V.N. Shamov was one of the creators of the blood service system in the active army. During the war, mobile blood transfusion stations were organized for the first time on all fronts. The scale of this patriotic movement can be judged at least from such examples. During the war years, Bilchits donated 45 liters of blood, Markova 42, Rossova 30 liters.

During the war years, donors gave 1 million 700 thousand liters of blood to the front. By 1944, there were 5.5 million donors in the country. More than 20 thousand Soviet citizens were awarded the “Honorary Donor of the USSR” badge.

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

Since January 1943 Medics returned 85 people out of every hundred wounded to duty.

The war dictated its own laws to medical science and practice and posed problems that required urgent resolution. As Nikolai Nilovich Budrenko wrote: “In the days of difficult trials for our Motherland... our science fought with all our great people, it helped the country and the Red Army fight against the enemy.”

In this aspect, we will touch upon the issue of maxillofacial surgery as a branch of dentistry and the history of MGSI, the history of MGMSU. In the autumn of 1941 A.I. took over the leadership of the institute. Evdokimov.

Evdokimov
Alexander Ivanovich
(1883-1979)

The institute's staff developed a number of original methods for treating wounds, created designs for reducing, splinting, shaping and replacing splints, devices and prostheses. We have developed the basis and methodology for plastic surgery on the face, using plastics, cadaveric cartilage, canned and fresh bone homotransplants, and Filatov’s stem in maxillofacial surgery. A new method for treating fractures of the upper and lower jaws, a method for treating purulent-inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial area, and much more was developed.

For exploits in battles on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, 47 doctors were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (23 of them posthumously), 116 thousand military medical workers were awarded government awards. However, we do not yet know how many medical workers died as brave men on the battlefields. Everlasting memory!

Bayda Maria Karpovna	Borovichenko Maria Sergeevna	Gnarovskaya Valeria Osipovna
Kislyak Maria Timofeevna		Petrova Galina Konstantinovna

One of the most important orders of Headquarters, which ultimately saved many lives of Soviet soldiers, was the order of the People's Commissar of Defense “On the procedure for presenting military orderlies and porters for government awards for good combat work,” signed on August 23, 1941 by I.V. Stalin. It ordered that orderlies and orderlies-bearers be nominated for awards for carrying the wounded from the battlefield with their weapons: for carrying out 15 people were nominated for the medal “For Military Merit” or “For Courage”, 25 people - for the Order of the Red Star, 40 people - to the Order of the Red Banner, 80 people - to the Order of Lenin.

The exploits of medical workers during the Great Patriotic War were highly appreciated by the party and the government: for the heroism and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, 44 medical workers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Medical instructor Valeria Gnarovskaya with a bunch of grenades threw herself under an enemy tank and, at the cost of her own life, saved 20 seriously wounded people from imminent death. She was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

During the war, 285 people were awarded the Order of Lenin, 3,500 - the Order of the Red Banner, 15,000 - the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, 86,500 - the Order of the Red Star, about 10,000 - the Order of Glory. 18 became holders of the Order of Glory of three degrees. 44 nurses were awarded the highest distinction of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Florence Nightingale Medal. For achieving excellent results during the war, 39 military hospitals, 8 medical battalions and a number of other medical units and institutions were awarded Orders of the Soviet Union.

The scale and complexity of the health problems that Soviet medicine faced during the Patriotic War had no analogues!

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

Military medicine, like the health care system as a whole, received powerful development during the war in the following areas:

Military field surgery;

Military field therapy;

Immunology;

Sanitary and hygienic provision of the active army and rear;

Military pathology.

Experience has been gained in organizing medical and sanitary support for the active army, interaction between the country's leadership, the army and its military medical service; in training medical personnel for the needs of the army. Disaster medicine has been created.

All the data collected and the experience gained during the war are the foundation of modern military medicine.

Medicine of Sevastopol

In besieged Sevastopol, doctors acted under conditions of tight defense, cut off from the front, from the active army. The city was under fire all the time. In the huge blue horseshoe of Sevastopol Bay, the water boiled from the explosions of bombs, mines and shells, and city blocks turned into ruins.

Over the course of several days of December fighting, about 10 thousand wounded were admitted to the Sevastopol Naval Hospital. Several surgeons were unable to cope with them. We had to involve therapists, neurologists, and radiologists: they performed simple operations.

There was no safe place left on the wounded and scorched land of Sevastopol. It would be best to “hide” medical shelters underground. The quarry adits of “Champanstroy” were used. In a matter of days, doctors from the 25th Chapaev Division (which was part of the Primorsky Army) installed electric lighting, ventilation, and water supply and sewage systems.

In general, the uninhabited basement was turned into a hospital with 2 thousand beds. Surgeons officiated in six underground operating rooms and dressing rooms. The most experienced surgeons B.A. operated here. Petrov, E.V. Smirnov, V.S. Kofman, P.A. Karpov. The surgeons did not leave the operating rooms for days, each more than 40 operations per shift.

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

The sad truth is that it was not possible to evacuate all the wounded, although enormous efforts were made to do so. On the seashore in the last days of defense there were about 10 thousand soldiers and sailors injured in battles and with them doctors: doctors, nurses, orderlies.

Medicine of Moscow

Moscow turned into a vast hospital. More than 30 thousand additional hospital beds were deployed in Moscow. At the end of 1941, more than 200 hospitals were deployed in the capital and region. The donor movement spread widely. Along with the central blood transfusion point, 27 donor points were created in different districts of Moscow. 342 thousand Muscovites became donors. They donated more than 500 thousand liters of blood.

Photos from the RGAKFD funds

More than 750 Moscow enterprises patronized medical institutions. More than 200 thousand women cared for the wounded through the Red Cross and Red Crescent Society. More than 300 medical workers were awarded high government awards for their dedicated work. More than 30 doctors were awarded the high title “Honored Doctor of the RSFSR”. Hundreds of healthcare workers were awarded the “Excellence in Healthcare” and “Honorary Donor” badges.

Baghramyan
Ivan Khristoforovich
(1897 –1982)

Marshal of the Soviet Union I. Kh. Bagramyan wrote: “What was done by military medicine during the years of the last war can, in all fairness, be called a feat. For us, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, the image of a military medic remains the personification of high humanism, courage and dedication.”

In total, 22,326,905 soldiers and officers of the armed forces were hospitalized during the war years. Of these, 14,685,593 were due to injury, the rest due to illness.

Of this huge number, 72.3% of wounded and 90.6% of sick soldiers and officers were returned to duty. Another 17% was commissioned. And doctors were unable to save only 6.1% of the fighters. In absolute terms, these data are impressive: over 17 million people continued to fight against the enemy.

It is difficult to overestimate the contribution of doctors to victory during the Great Patriotic War. Every Soviet person tried to make every effort to drive out the fascist invaders from their native land. Doctors and medical staff were no exception. From the first days of the war, they saved soldiers without sparing themselves. They pulled the wounded out of the battlefield and operated on for several days without sleep - all this to achieve one goal. Victory.

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War did not take doctors by surprise. Previous military operations in the Far East and Mongolia made us think seriously about preparing for war. More in 1933, the first conference of military field surgery of the USSR took place in Leningrad. It discussed issues of surgical treatment of wounds, blood transfusions, traumatic shock, etc. Between 1940 and 1941, documents were developed to regulate medical activities during hostilities. Among them are “Theses on sanitary tactics”, “Manual on sanitary service in the Red Army” and instructions on emergency surgery.

When the situation in the world began to heat up, N.N. Burdenko initiated the selection of materials for the preparation of instructions and guidelines for military field surgery:

“We have dozens of surgical schools and directions. In the event of war, confusion may arise in the organization of medical care and methods of treating the wounded. This cannot be allowed.”

Concerned with such a statement, since 1941, teachers began to teach students the basics of military field surgery. A new generation of doctors studied casting techniques, skeletal traction, blood transfusions and primary wound care. On May 9, 1941, the “Collection of Regulations on Wartime Sanitary Service Institutions” was put into effect. Thus, by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, medical support for troops had a well-established system.

Immediately after the start of the war, the most experienced field surgeons and highly qualified nurses were sent to the front. But soon it was the reserve’s turn. There weren't enough hands. Doctor V.V. Kovanov recalls:

“In July 1941, I was offered to go to the triage evacuation hospital located in Yaroslavl, where I was to take the position of leading surgeon.”

Hospitals in the rear areas played a special role in the medical care system.. In cities they were deployed with the expectation of quickly dispersing the wounded to specialized institutions. This contributed to the rapid recovery of the wounded and their return to duty. One of these points was the city of Kazan.

Little is written about the feat of the doctors of these hospitals. They operated every day, seven days a week. As soon as one operation ended, it was followed by another. If there were not enough surgeons in the city, then the doctors had to move from one hospital to another in order to perform the next operation. A short break was a joy for them, and they could only dream of a weekend.

Throughout 1941, doctors had a hard time. The lack of practical experience and the retreat of Soviet troops had an effect. Only at the beginning of 1942 the situation stabilized. The system for the delivery, distribution and treatment of the wounded was properly established.

During the year of hostilities, the need to inform doctors about the development of hostilities was identified. That's why in the fall of 1942, order No. 701 was issued. The sanitary commanders had to be systematically and timely oriented to changes in the combat situation. The experience of the first year of the war made it possible to outline ways to improve the country's military medicine.

About half of all medical personnel of the Armed Forces during the Great Patriotic War were women. A significant part of whom were medical instructors and nurses. While on the front lines, they played a special role in helping wounded soldiers. From the first days of the war, girls pulled soldiers out of the other world, not sparing themselves. So, on August 1, 1941, in the evening message of the Sovinformburo, it was reported about distinguished nurses. About M. Kulikova, who saved the tanker despite her own injury. About K. Kudryavtseva and E. Tikhomirova, who marched in the same ranks with the soldiers and provided assistance to the wounded under fire. Tens of thousands of girls, having mastered medical knowledge, went to field hospitals and hospitals to save Soviet soldiers. P.M. Popov, a former armor-piercer, recalls:

"...It used to happen that the battle was still going on, mines were exploding, bullets were whistling, and along the front line, in trenches and trenches, girls were already crawling with ambulance bags on their sides. They were looking for the wounded, trying to quickly provide first aid, hide them in a safe place, and transport them to the rear "

The feat of doctors during the Great Patriotic War is difficult to describe in one article. And it is absolutely impossible to list everyone by name. In this article we will talk only about a small fraction of the feats that the girls accomplished. We will try to reveal the life history of as many Heroines as possible in separate articles.

The first thing I would like to talk about is Tamara Kalnin. On September 16, 1941, a nurse evacuated the wounded to the hospital. On the way, the ambulance was fired upon by a fascist plane. The driver was killed and the car caught fire. Tamara Kalnin pulled all the wounded out of the car, receiving serious burns. Having reached the medical battalion on foot, she reported what had happened and reported the location of the wounded. Tamara Kalnin later died from burns and blood poisoning.

Zoya Pavlova- Medical instructor of the reconnaissance company. In February 1944, she carried the wounded from the battlefield, placing them in a crater. During the next visit, Zoya Pavlova noticed that the Germans were approaching the crater. Rising to her full height, the medical instructor threw a grenade at them. Zoya Petrova died. But the wounded soldiers in the crater were saved.

And the third Heroine Valeria Gnarovskaya. In the autumn of 1943, fighting took place on the banks of the Dnieper. The Germans were driven out of the village of Verbovaya. A company of soldiers moved out of the village, but came under machine-gun fire. The Nazis retreated, but there were many killed and wounded among the Soviet soldiers. Having pitched tents for the wounded before being sent to the hospital, the troops moved on. Valeria Gnarovskaya remained with the wounded. At dawn, cars with a red cross were waiting, but as the sun rose, a fascist Tiger tank appeared from the rear. Gnarovskaya, without hesitation, collected bags with grenades from the wounded. Hung with them, she threw herself under the tracks. Valeria died, but at the cost of her own life she saved 70 wounded soldiers.

During the war years, thanks to medical personnel more than 70% of the wounded and more than 90% of the sick returned to duty fighters. 116 thousand doctors were awarded orders and medals. 47 of them became Heroes of the Soviet Union, 17 of whom were women.

MILITARY MEDICAL MUSEUM

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

MILITARY DOCTORS

– PARTICIPANTS

GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

1941 – 1945

Brief biographical reference

Part three

Under the general editorship of the Chief of the Chief Military Medical

Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation -

head of the medical service of the Armed Forces

Russian Federation

Colonel General of Medical Service

Saint Petersburg

EDITORIAL TEAM:

(editor-in-chief), (deputy editor-in-chief), ,

(responsible performer), ,

FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD

The Military Medical Museum of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation continues to publish a short biographical reference book “Military doctors who participated in the Great Patriotic War.” Its main content is information about the service in the active army by a certain category of military doctors. Due to a number of objective reasons, information of this nature is reported in an extremely compressed form, with a significant number of abbreviations and letter abbreviations.

The third part of this publication, brought to the attention of readers, is dedicated to corps doctors. Due to the impossibility of establishing the dates of death of the officials mentioned in the directory, data on this in the vast majority of cases, unfortunately, is not available. Military ranks on the last day of military service are indicated in brackets.

for active assistance in preparing the work.

Please send comments and suggestions to St. Petersburg, Lazaretny lane, 2, Military Medical Museum of the Russian Defense Ministry.

Editorial board

A

ABADJYAN Grigory Sergeevich(25.3.1903, c. Kazanchi, Erivan province).

Major (lieutenant colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1941. Graduate of the Kuibyshev Medical Institute (1939). Until February 1942 - commander of the medical platoon of the 35th tank brigade. He served in the Transcaucasian Military District and (from September 1941) on the Transcaucasian Front. Then he was a brigade doctor of the 55th Tank Brigade as part of the Crimean Front (Feb. - May 1942), the reserve of the Supreme High Command Headquarters and (July 1942) the Southwestern Front. He continued to serve as a brigade doctor of the 39th Tank Brigade on the Stalingrad Front, in the Volga Military District (Nov. - Dec. 1942), Southwestern Front, and (Nov. 1943 - July 1944) 3rd Ukrainian. Then he headed the medical service of the 93rd Rifle Corps of the 2nd Baltic and (April - May 1945) 1st Ukrainian Fronts.

Occupying relevant positions, he took part in the battle for the Caucasus and the Battle of Stalingrad, in Odessa, Riga, Berlin and other operations and types of military operations.

ABAEV Irakliy Grigorievich(10/18/1906, Tskhinvali, Tiflis province).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. In the Armed Forces since 1934 after graduating from LMI. From April 1941 to January 1942 - brigade doctor of the 13th railway brigade. Later he was a division doctor of the 326th Infantry Division as part of the North Caucasus, South-Western, 3rd, 2nd and again 3rd Ukrainian Fronts. He continued to serve as a corps doctor in the 2nd Guards Mechanized Corps on the 3rd (Feb. 1945) and (until the end of the war) on the 2nd Ukrainian fronts.

He led the medical service of the unit in the battle for the Caucasus and in the Battle of Stalingrad, in the battle for the Dnieper, in the Iasi-Kishinev, Budapest, Vienna and other operations.

Awarded four orders and many medals.

ABALISHIN Alexey Efremovich(23.2.1908, village of Parnevo, Tver province).

Lieutenant Colonel (Colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1928. Graduate of the Military Medical Academy (1931). Since the beginning of the war - senior doctor of the 550th howitzer-artillery regiment of the RGK on the Far Eastern Front (June - Aug. 1941). Then he held the position of divisional doctor of the 377th Infantry Division as part of the Ural Military District, Volkhov (Sept. 1941 - Apr. 1942), Leningrad and (from June 1942) again the Volkhov fronts. Subsequently, he was the head of the SO 59 A department of the Volkhov Front (Dec. 1942 - Sep. 1943) and the corps doctor of the 111th Rifle Corps on the Volkhov, Leningrad (March - Apr. 1944), 3rd Baltic and (Nov. 1944 - May 1945) Leningrad fronts.

He led the medical service of the unit in the Battle of Leningrad, in the Baltic and other operations and types of combat operations of the troops. Participated in organizing medical support for the army in the Lyuban operation.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1959. Awarded three orders and several medals.

AVRAMENKO Nikolay Markovich(October 8, 1911, Gadyach, Poltava province).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. In 1938 he graduated from the Kharkov Dental Institute. In the Armed Forces in and since 1939. During the Great Patriotic War he served as Art. doctor of the 427th Mountain Rifle Regiment of the 192nd Mountain Rifle Division of the Southern Front, Art. doctor of the 1091st Infantry Regiment of the 324th Infantry Division of the Western Front (until April 1942), head of SEO-75 of the Karelian Front, brigade doctor of the 8th Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade (Dec. 1943 - Feb. 1945) of the Belorussian Front (from Feb. 1944 - 1st Belorussian Front) and (until the end of the war) corps doctor of the 121st Rifle Corps of the 2nd Belorussian Front.

He led the medical service of the unit in border battles. Participated in organizing anti-epidemic protection of troops during the defense of the Arctic. Organized medical support for the unit in the Belarusian, East Prussian, Berlin and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1950. Awarded four orders and many medals.

AGADZHANYAN Alexander Makarovich(December 20, 1904, village Tagasir, Elizavetpol province).

Lieutenant Colonel (Colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1923. Upon graduation from the Military Medical Academy in 1939 - Art. regiment doctor. From September 1942 to April 1943 he was the commander of the 439th Motorized Rifle Regiment of the 22nd Guards. rifle division, and then the 84th Guards. rifle division of the Northwestern Front. Later he served as a division doctor of the 222nd Rifle Division of the Western Front and (May 1944 - May 1945) as a corps doctor of the 65th Rifle Corps as part of (sequentially) the Western, 3rd Belorussian and 2nd Far Eastern Fronts.

Participated in the organization of medical care in the military area in the Battle of Leningrad. He headed the medical service of the unit in Smolensk, Orel, Belarus, East Prussia and other operations and types of military operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1956. Awarded six orders and many medals.

AKIMOV Vasily Nikolaevich (15.12.1913).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. In the Armed Forces since 1936 upon completion of the 1st MMI. Served in the military. In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, he was the head of the 212th infirmary in the Moscow Military District. Later - commander of the 303rd Motorized Rifle Division of the 260th Infantry Division (July - Nov. 1941) of the Western and later Bryansk Fronts, divisional doctor of this rifle division (until Oct. 1943) of the Bryansk and then Don Fronts, corps doctor of the 99th (40th Guards) Rifle Corps (November 1943 - May 1945) consisting of the Volkhov, Leningrad, 3rd Baltic, Karelian, 2nd, 3rd and 1st Belorussian Fronts.

Participated in the organization of medical and evacuation support for troops in the military area in border battles. He led the medical service of the unit in the Moscow and Stalingrad battles, in the Leningrad-Novgorod, Svir-Petrozavodsk, Belarusian, Berlin and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1958. Awarded four orders and many medals.

ANANEVICH Pavel Kalinovich(11/21/1904, Volkovichi village, Vitebsk province).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. In the Armed Forces since 1923. After graduating from the Military Medical Academy in 1936, he served as a military doctor. From June 1941, he was on the Southwestern Front as a divisional doctor of the 35th Tank Division, and then (Oct. 1941 - Aug. 1942) on the same front - the head of the UGOPEP 38 A. Subsequently - the head of the BCP - 2201 (from Dec. 1942 - Kh.P.G.) 1st Guards. army of the Stalingrad Front, corps doctor (Oct. 1943 - Apr. 19th Rifle Corps 33 A of the Western Front. Continued to work in the same position in 5 A as part of the 3rd Belorussian (May 1944 - Apr. 1945) and (until the end of the war) 1st Far Eastern Front.

He led the medical service of the unit in border battles, in Smolensk (1943), Belarusian, East Prussian, Manchurian and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1953. Awarded 3 orders and several medals.

ANDREEV Mikhail Petrovich(October 1, 1906, Danilkino village, Saratov province).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. In the Armed Forces since 1941 after graduating from the Rostov Medical Institute. In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, he was a doctor at the ORMU of the North Caucasus Military District. Hereinafter – Art. doctor of the 74th Cavalry Corps of the 53rd Cavalry Division of the Western Front (July - Dec. 1941), doctor of the medical post of the headquarters of 30 A of the Kalinin Front, divisional doctor of the 29th Infantry Division of the Southwestern (from May 1942), then (July 1942 - Jan. 1943) of the Stalingrad fronts and (until the end of the war) corps doctor of the 7th, and later the 35th rifle corps as part of the Voronezh, Don, Steppe, Belorussian, 2nd and 1st Belorussian fronts.

He led the medical service of the unit in the Moscow and Stalingrad battles, in the Belarusian, Vistula-Oder, Berlin and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1962. Awarded two orders and several medals.

ANDREICHENKO Yakov Korneevich(October 27, 1904, Voilevo village, Vitebsk province).

Lieutenant Colonel (Colonel) of the medical service. In 1933 he graduated from the 1st LMI. In the Armed Forces since 1938. In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, he headed the medical service of the NKVD troops 18 A of the Southern Front. Later - divisional doctor of the 13th motorized rifle division of the NKVD of the Southwestern Front (July 1941 - July 1942), divisional doctor of the 95th rifle division of the Stalingrad, and later Don fronts and (June 1943 - June 1944) divisional doctor of the 75th Guards . rifle division as part of the Central, 1st Ukrainian, Belorussian and 1st Belorussian fronts. Continued to serve as senior doctor of the 218th reserve rifle regiment 65 A (until November 1944) of the Belarusian, then 1st Belorussian fronts, head of KhPP-4319 of the same front and (Dec. 1944 - May 1945) corps doctor of the 18th rifle corps 1st, and later 2nd Belorussian Fronts.

He headed the medical service of units and formations in border battles, in the Battle of Stalingrad and the Belarusian operation. He led the hospital in the Vistula-Oder, Berlin and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1956. Awarded five orders and many medals.

ANDRYUSHKIN Lavrenty Evstafievich(22.8.1905, village of Peregorschi, Smolensk province).

Major (lieutenant colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1928. In 1936 he graduated from the Minsk Medical Institute. From September 1941 to October 1943 he was a division doctor of the 373rd Infantry Division as part of the Western, Kalinin and Voronezh fronts. Later he served as a corps doctor of the 68th Rifle Corps of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, head of the GLR - 1A of the same front and (Feb. - May 1945) head of UPEP-123 of the 4th Guards. army of the 3rd Ukrainian Front.

He led the medical service of the unit in the Moscow and Kursk battles. He headed the hospital in Kirovograd, Korsun-Shevchenko, Budapest and other operations. Participated in the organization of medical and evacuation support for troops in the army area in the Balaton, Vienna and other operations and types of combat operations of the troops.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1958. Awarded five orders and many medals.

ANTONOV Leonid Petrovich(18.6.1898, Avdeevka village, Ekaterinoslav province).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. In 1923 he graduated from the Kharkov Medical Institute. In the Armed Forces from July 1941. Until May 1944, he served as head of the sanitary service of the Stalingrad Corps of the air defense region of the South-Eastern, Stalingrad, Don and Southern fronts, and then of the Eastern Air Defense Front. Later (until the end of the war) he was a corps doctor of the 9th Air Defense Corps as part of the Southern and Southwestern Air Defense Fronts.

He headed the medical service of the air defense unit in the battle for the Caucasus, in the Battles of Stalingrad and Kursk, the battle for the Dnieper and in other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1946. Awarded two orders and several medals.

ARAKELOV Vagan Mikhailovich(1913, Baku).

Major of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1940 after graduating from the Azerbaijan Medical Institute. From November 1941 to October 1942 he was the commander of the 115th Motorized Rifle Division of the 51st Infantry Division of the Southern and then the Southwestern Fronts. Later - head of GLR-4520 of the North Caucasus, later Transcaucasian fronts, corps doctor of the 55th rifle corps (Oct. 1943 - May 1944) of the 4th Ukrainian Front, head of UGOPEP-222 of the 3rd Belorussian Front, assistant chief of UGOPEP- 163 of the same front and (from March 1945) head of EG-4842 of the 3rd Belorussian and 2nd Far Eastern fronts.

Participated in organizing the treatment and evacuation of the wounded in the military area in border battles and during the defense of the Caucasus. He led the medical service of the unit in the Melitopol, Crimean and other operations. Participated in the organization of medical care in the army region in Belgorod, East Prussian and other operations and types of military operations. He headed the hospital during the Manchurian operation.

ARANSON Vsevolod Moiseevich(22.4.1919, Moscow).

Major (lieutenant colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1941 upon completion of the 1st MMI. From October 1941 to May 1942 he served as a doctor in the division of the Tula brigade district of the Moscow Air Defense Front. Later - head of the sanitary service of the Directorate of the Tula Divisional District of the Western Air Defense Front, head of the sanitary service of the Directorate of the Minsk Corps Air Defense District (Jan. - Sep. 1944) of the Western, and from March 1944 - of the Northern Air Defense Front and (until the end of the war) - corps doctor of the 4th Air Defense Corps as part of the Northern and Western Air Defense Fronts, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Belorussian Fronts. Participated in organizing medical support for air defense formations in the Belarusian, Vistula-Oder, East Prussian, Berlin and other operations and types of military operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1953. Awarded an order and several medals.

ARGANCHEEV Shamil Aidzhanovich(1907, Orenburg province).

Lieutenant Colonel (Colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1927. In 1932 he graduated from the Military Medical Academy. During the Great Patriotic War - commander of the 90th Motorized Rifle Brigade of the 9th Tank Division of the Central Asian Military District (until Oct. 1941), brigade doctor of the 145th Tank Brigade of the Western Front, brigade doctor of the 200th Tank Brigade (March 1942 - Oct. 1943 ) as part of the Western and then Voronezh Fronts, corps doctor of the 31st Tank Corps of the 1st Ukrainian Front and (March - May 1945) corps doctor of the 28th Rifle Corps of the 4th Ukrainian Front. He led the medical service of the unit in the Moscow and Kursk battles, in the Kyiv, Korsun-Shevchenko, Lvov-Sandomierz, Prague and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1957. Awarded five orders and many medals.

ARTEMYEV Ivan Vasilievich(20.1.1897, St. Petersburg).

Military doctor 1st rank. In the Armed Forces since 1920. In 1922 he graduated from the Military Medical Academy. Served as a military doctor. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War - corps doctor of the 1st Rifle Corps of the Western Front. In July 1941 he was captured, where he remained until April 1945.

AFRIKANTOV Gennady Andreevich

Military doctor 3rd rank. He was a corps doctor of the 66th Rifle Corps of the Western Front. At the end of June 1941 he went missing.

B

BABUSHKIN Chaim Shlemovich(September 22, 1906, Gomel, Mogilev province).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. In 1931 he graduated from the Smolensk Medical Institute. In the Armed Forces since 1937. Served in the troops. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he served on the North-Western Front. doctor of the 268th Infantry Regiment of the 48th Infantry Division, and later - divisional doctor of the same division. Then he was on the Leningrad Front the head of the medical service of the mentioned formation (until June 1944), the head of UGOPEP-119 and (from September 1944) the corps doctor of the 94th Rifle Corps. Later he headed the medical service of this corps as part of the 3rd Belorussian and Transbaikal fronts.

He led the medical service of units and formations in border battles. Organized medical support for the unit in the Battle of Leningrad, Baltic, Manchurian and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1963. Awarded four orders and many medals.

BAMDAS Boris Solomonovich(8.1.1909, Moscow).

Colonel of the medical service. In the Armed Forces from April to December 1932 and from 1934. During the Great Patriotic War he served in long-range aviation Art. doctor of the 432nd Aviation Regiment of the 3rd Aviation Division (June 1941 - May 1942), division doctor of the 45th Aviation Division and (Aug. 1943 - May 1945) corps doctor of the 1st Aviation Corps.

Organized medical support for long-range aviation units and formations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1959. Recipient of state awards.

BARDIN Alexander Vasilievich(16.6.1901, Sleptsovskaya station, Terek region).

Colonel of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1922. In 1931 he graduated from the Military Medical Academy. During the Great Patriotic War, he was a divisional physician of the 22nd Aviation Division of the Southern Front (until March 1942), and then served in long-range aviation, heading the medical service of the 62nd Aviation Division and (May 1943 - May 1945) the 7th Aviation Corps.

Organized medical support for aviation units in border battles. He took part in the leadership of the military unit of the long-range aviation medical service.

BASTE Gorun Ismailovich(7.3.1903, Panachea village, Stavropol province).

Lieutenant Colonel (Colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1924. Graduate of the Military Medical Academy (1937). During the Great Patriotic War he served on the Northern, Leningrad (from Aug. 1941) and 1st Ukrainian fronts (Nov. 1943 - May 1945) as commander of the separate infantry fighting service, divisional doctor of the 85th Infantry Division (Jan. 1942 - Nov. 1943) and corps doctor of the 102nd Rifle Corps.

Participated in organizing the treatment and evacuation of the wounded and sick in the military area during border battles and at the beginning of the Battle of Leningrad. He headed the medical service of the unit in this battle, as well as in the Zhitomir-Berdichev, Korsun-Shevchenko, Berlin and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1955. Awarded four orders and many medals.

BATT Vyacheslav Leonidovich(September 28, 1913, Odessa, Kherson province).

Major (lieutenant colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1939 after graduating from the Odessa Medical Institute. During the Great Patriotic War he served as commander of the 14th Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade. rifle division of the Southern Front (until April 1942), division doctor of this division as part of the South-Western and Stalingrad fronts, corps doctor of the 14th rifle corps of the South-Western Front (Dec. 1942 - Sep. 1943), chief of GLR-5281 2 -th, and then (until the end of the war) head of the GLR-1875 of the 3rd Ukrainian Fronts.

He participated in the organization of treatment and evacuation of the wounded and sick in the military area in border battles, as well as in the Donbass, Rostov (defensive and offensive) and Barvenkovo-Lozov operations. He led the medical service of the unit in the Battle of Stalingrad, in the Middle Don and Donbass operations. He headed the VG in the Korsun-Shevchenko, Iasi-Chisinau, Belgrade and Budapest operations.

Recipient of state awards.

BEDRIN Lev Moiseevich(14.7.1919, Kursk).

Major (Colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1941. Until August 1942, he served on the North-Western Front in the 202nd Infantry Division Jr. doctor of the 682nd Infantry Regiment (Oct. - Nov. 1941), commander of the sanitary company of the 645th Infantry Regiment, and later - Art. doctor of the mentioned 682nd Infantry Regiment. Later he was a brigade doctor of the 58th motorized rifle brigade of the 2nd tank corps, alternately on the South-Eastern, Stalingrad and South-Western fronts. Since March 1943, he headed the medical service of the specified corps on the Southwestern Front. In May 1943, he was appointed as a corps doctor of the 20th Tank Corps of the RGK as part of the Southern Front, Moscow Military District and 2nd Ukrainian Front. He continued to serve in the Armed Forces of the 2nd Ukrainian Front as an assistant to the head of the 1st department (March - Oct. 1944), and then (until the end of the war) - on the 1st Belorussian Front as a division doctor of the 5th anti-aircraft artillery division of the RGK.

Participated in the organization of medical and evacuation support for troops in the military area in the Toropetsko-Kholmskaya, Demyansk operations and when the troops performed other tasks. He led the medical service of the unit in the Battle of Stalingrad, in the Donbass, Melitopol, Vistula-Oder, Berlin and other operations. He took part in the organization of medical and evacuation support for troops in the front-line area in the Iasi-Chisinau, Debrecen and other operations and combat conditions.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1968. Awarded an order and several medals.

BEKOEV Tadioz Davydovich(March 23, 1911, Tskhinvali, Tiflis province).

Major (lieutenant colonel) of the medical service. In 1935 he graduated from the Tiflis Medical Institute. In the Armed Forces since 1941. Until April 1942, he served as head of PPG-2339 of the Southern Front. Then there was Art. doctor of the 7th Cossack Regiment of the 13th Cavalry Division as part of the North Caucasus Military District and the North Caucasus Front. Later he served as a division doctor of the 220th Infantry Division (Aug. 1942 - Apr. 1944) of the Western Front, brigade doctor of the 7th Guards. mechanized brigade of the 3rd Belorussian, and later the 1st Baltic fronts, corps doctor of the 3rd Guards. tank corps (Sept. – Dec. 1944) and (until the end of the war) corps doctor of the 29th tank corps of the 2nd Belorussian Front.

He headed the hospital in border battles and in the Donbass operation of 1941. He led the medical service of the unit in the battle for the Caucasus and the medical service of the unit in the Oryol, Smolensk, Belarusian, East Prussian, Berlin and other operations.

BELENKY Boris Naumovich(11.3.1904, Zhlobin, Mogilev province).

Colonel of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1922. In 1926 he graduated from the Military Medical Academy. During the Great Patriotic War he served until May 1943 on the Transcaucasian Front Art. teacher of KUMS, and from September 1941 - assistant to the head of GLR-2307. Then, until the end of the war, he was a corps doctor of the 36th Guards. rifle corps consisting of the Western, Bryansk, 2nd and 1st Baltic and 3rd Belorussian fronts.

Participated in the management of a military hospital in the battle for the Caucasus. Organized medical support for formations in the Oryol, Smolensk, Leningrad-Novgorod, Belarusian, East Prussian and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1954. Awarded five orders and many medals.

BELENKY Yoel Yakovlevich(September 7, 1905, Putivl, Chernigov province).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. In 1930 he graduated from the Kharkov Medical Institute. From February 1940 to May 1945 he served as a brigade doctor of the 6th Air Defense Brigade of the Kiev Special Military District, divisional doctor of the 4th Air Defense Division of the Southwestern Front (Dec. 1941 - July 1942), head of the sanitary service of the Voronezh-Borisoglebsk divisional district Air Defense, corps doctor of the Voronezh corps district of the Western Air Defense Front (Oct. - Nov. 1943), head of the sanitary service of the Kiev corps air defense district of the Western Air Defense Front (until April 1944) and corps doctor of the 7th Air Defense Corps of the Southern and then Southwestern air defense fronts.

He supervised the medical service of the corresponding air defense formations in carrying out the tasks assigned to this type of armed forces.

BELETSKY Mikhail Grigorievich(October 26, 1904, Sakhnovshchina station, Poltava province).

Captain (lieutenant colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces in and since 1932. Graduate of the 2nd LMI (1932). Since the beginning of the war - Art. doctor of the 720th Infantry Regiment of the 162nd Infantry Division of the Western (Aug. - Sep. 1941) and Kalinin Fronts. Then he headed the medical service of the 379th Infantry Division on the same fronts. Subsequently, he served as a divisional doctor of the 371st Infantry Division as part of the Kalinin (Dec. 1942 - Jan. 1943), Western and (April 1944) 3rd Belorussian Fronts. Then he was a corps doctor of the 65th Rifle Corps of the 3rd Belorussian Front (until December 1944). Later he held the positions of divisional doctor of the 222nd Infantry Division and (March - May 1945) art. doctor of the 222nd Infantry Regiment of the 49th Infantry Division of the 1st Belorussian Front.

Participated in the Battle of Moscow, in the Rzhev-Sychevsk, Smolensk, Belarusian, Vistula-Oder, Berlin and other operations and types of military operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1956. Awarded two orders and several medals.

BELSKY Alexander Alexandrovich(9.4.1890, New Charjoy, Bukhara Khanate).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. In 1918 he graduated from the medical faculty of Yuryev University. In the Armed Forces in and since 1939. During the Great Patriotic War, he first served in one of the military districts as the head of a school for sanitary instructors. Since August 1942 - head of EP-173 of the Stalingrad Front. Later he held this position on the Southwestern Front. From January 1943 to October 1943 - assistant chief of the 2nd department of the 5th Shock Army of the Southern Front, and then (until October 1944) of the 4th Ukrainian. Later he was a corps doctor of the 8th mechanized corps as part of the 2nd Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian fronts.

He participated in organizing the treatment of the wounded and sick in the Battle of Stalingrad, as well as anti-epidemic support for army troops in the Rostov, Donbass, East Carpathian and other operations. He supervised the medical service of the unit in the Debrecen operation and when the troops performed other tasks. He took part in the organization of specialized medical care for the wounded and sick in the Balaton and Vienna operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1953. Awarded two orders and several medals.

BENOVITSKY Nikolay Efimovich(11/10/1905, Gadyach, Poltava province).

Major (lieutenant colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces in and since 1932. In 1942 he graduated from the Military Academy and from May to September served on the Stalingrad Front Art. doctor of the 79th Guards. mortar regiment. Later he headed the medical service of the operational group of mortar units of the Don, Central and Belorussian fronts. In December 1943, he was appointed divisional physician of the 5th Guards. mortar division of the Belorussian Front. From February 1944 he held this position on the 1st Belorussian Front. He continued to serve on the mentioned front as an assistant to the chief of the 3rd department of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (Dec. 1944 - Feb. 1945), and then (until the end of the war) as a corps doctor of the 6th artillery breakthrough corps of the RGK. Organized medical support for the unit in the Battles of Stalingrad and Kursk and in the Gomel-Rechitsa operation. He led the medical service of the unit in the Belarusian, East Pomeranian and Berlin operations. Participated in organizing anti-epidemic support for front troops in the East Prussian operation.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1955. Awarded two orders and several medals.

BITYAK Alexey Evdokimovich(March 17, 1905, Bolshaya Yablonovka village, Kyiv province).

Lieutenant Colonel (Colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1927. In 1933 he graduated from the Military Medical Academy and served as a military doctor in various positions. Until January 1943, he served in the Trans-Baikal Military District and (from September 1941) on the Trans-Baikal Front. Subsequently, he was a student at the command and medical faculty of the Military Medical Academy. In March 1944, he was appointed corps doctor of the 36th Rifle Corps of the Western Front. He continued to serve in this position on the 3rd Belorussian Front. From July 1944 until the end of the war - corps doctor of the 69th Rifle Corps as part of the 2nd and 3rd Belorussian Fronts.

Organized medical support for the unit in the Belarusian, East Prussian, Koenigsberg, Zemland operations and in other types of military operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1955. Awarded three orders and several medals.

BICHUG Alexander Markovich(23.5.1903, Novorossiysk).

Colonel of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1932 after graduating from the Kuban Medical Institute. In the first months of the Great Patriotic War, he served in the Oryol Military District, and then on the Bryansk Front as a divisional doctor of the 4th Cavalry Division. From December 1941 to February 1942 - corps doctor of the 2nd Guards. cavalry corps of the Western Front. Later he held the position of corps doctor of the 15th Cavalry Corps as part of the Transcaucasian Military District, the Transcaucasian and Crimean fronts, and a group of troops in Iran. In March 1944, he was appointed corps doctor of the 1st Guards. mechanized reserve corps of the Supreme Command Headquarters. He served in the Kharkov Military District (until December 1944). After that, he was the head of EG-1978 on the 2nd Ukrainian Front (until the end of the war).

Organized medical support for the unit in the Battle of Moscow and the Battle of the Caucasus. He led the military hospital in the Budapest and Vienna operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1960. Awarded two orders and several medals.

BOKAREV Andrey Iosifovich(October 9, 1902, Veletma village, Nizhny Novgorod province).

Major (lieutenant colonel) of the medical service. In 1928 he graduated from the medical faculty of Nizhny Novgorod University. In the Armed Forces since 1937. He began his military service in the Great Patriotic War on the Bryansk Front as a divisional doctor of the 160th Infantry Division. Subsequently he held this position on the Southwestern Front. From June 1942 to January 1943 he was in captivity. In March 1943, he was appointed doctor of the 556th separate motor battalion. He served on the Bryansk and later on the Central Front. Later (July - November 1943) - commander of the 190th Motorized Rifle Division of the 74th Infantry Division of the Central and (from October 1943) 1st Ukrainian Fronts. He continued to serve as assistant chief of the 1st department of UPEP-74 as part of the 1st and 2nd Ukrainian Fronts. From March to May 1945 - corps doctor of the 50th Rifle Corps of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.

He headed the medical service of the unit in the Battle of Moscow, in the Eletsk, Barvenkovo-Lozovskaya, Vienna and Prague operations. He supervised the medical support of the unit in the Battle of Kursk, and then participated in organizing the treatment and evacuation of the wounded and sick in the military area during this battle and the Kyiv operation. He took part in the organization of medical and evacuation support for troops in the army region in the Zhitomir-Berdichev, Korsun-Shevchenko, Yassy-Kishinev and Budapest operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1957. Awarded two orders and several medals.

BRONFENBRENER Abram Yakovlevich(29.1.1907, Kherson).

Colonel of the medical service. Graduate of the Odessa Medical Institute (1932). In the first months of the Great Patriotic War, he was a divisional doctor of the 34th Tank Division on the Southwestern Front. He continued his service (September 1941 - June 1942) on the same front, and then on Bryansk, successively holding the positions of divisional doctor of the 12th and 129th tank divisions. Later he became the head of the medical unit of GLR-13 of the Bryansk Front. In March 1943, he was appointed corps doctor of the 28th Rifle Corps of the Central (until October 1943), and then of the 1st Ukrainian Front. From July 1944 to May 1945 he served as a corps doctor of the 25th Tank Corps of the last front.

He led the medical service of the unit in border battles, in Yelets, Sandomierz-Silesian, Berlin, Prague and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1956. Awarded four orders and many medals.

BRUN Yakov Semenovich(October 25, 1896, Petrovsk, Dagestan region - 1951).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. He received his medical education at the Kharkov Medical Institute. In the Armed Forces in and from 1941. From June 1941 to October 1942 he served on the Western Front in the NKVD troops Art. regiment doctor. Then he was (until June 1944) commander of ORMU-85 as part of the Ural Military District, Central, 2nd and 1st Belorussian Fronts. Later he became the head of the KhPG - 4319 of the 1st Belorussian Front. He continued to serve in this position until the end of the war, first on the 2nd and later on the 3rd Belarusian fronts.

He took part in the organization of specialized medical care for the wounded and sick in the front-line rear area in the Battle of Kursk, in the Oryol, Gomel-Rechitsa and Rogachev-Zhlobin operations. He headed the military hospital in the Belarusian operation. He led the medical service of the unit in East Prussian, Koenigsberg and other operations and types of military operations of the troops.

Awarded two orders and several medals.

BRUNSTEIN Timofey Samsonovich(10.1.1917, Lugansk).

Lieutenant Colonel of the Medical Service. In the Armed Forces since 1939. Graduate of the Military Faculty at the Kharkov Medical Institute (1940). In the Great Patriotic War, at the beginning there was Art. doctor of the 462nd Cavalry Artillery Regiment. He served on various fronts, including the Western and Southwestern. In May 1942, he was appointed divisional physician of the 148th Infantry Division of the Bryansk Front. Later he held this position on the Central and then on the 1st Ukrainian Front. From February to May 1945 - corps doctor of the 15th Rifle Corps as part of the 1st and 4th Ukrainian Fronts.

Organized medical support for units in border battles, in the Battle of Moscow and in other combat conditions. He led the medical service of the unit in the Battle of Kursk, in the Kyiv, Zhitomir-Berdichev, Lvov-Sandomierz, Prague and other operations.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1958. Awarded three orders and several medals.

BRYZGALOV Boris Semenovich(24.7.1905, Kazan province. –

Colonel of the medical service. He received his medical education at the 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute (1932). In the Armed Forces since 1933. Served in the troops in various positions. Since September 1941 - divisional doctor of the 372nd Infantry Division of the Volkhov Front. Then he headed the medical service of this division, and from September 1943, the 7th Rifle Corps on the Leningrad Front. Later (Oct. 1943 – Jan. 1944) he was a corps doctor of the 14th Rifle Corps as part of the 1st Baltic, Volkhov and Leningrad fronts.

He led the medical service of the unit in the Battle of Leningrad, in the Gorodok and Leningrad-Novgorod operations.

He died from his battle wounds. Awarded an order and several medals.

BUGLO Yakov Grigorievich(12.2.1905, Balakleya station, Kharkov province).

Lieutenant Colonel (Colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1929. Graduate of the Military Medical Academy (1933). Before the Great Patriotic War and at the beginning of it, he served as a military doctor in Crimea. From November 1941 to July 1942 - brigade doctor of the 4th Tank Brigade as part of the Western and Southern Fronts. He continued his service on the Far Eastern Front as a brigade doctor in the 73rd Tank Brigade, and then in the 17th Rifle Brigade. In June 1943 he was appointed corps doctor of the 3rd Guards. mechanized corps of the Voronezh Front, and a year later - divisional doctor of the 54th anti-aircraft artillery division of the Special Moscow Air Defense Zone. He held this position until the end of the war.

He led the medical service of the unit in the Battle of Moscow, the Battle of Kharkov and the Donbass operation.

Dismissed from the Armed Forces in 1955. Awarded an order and several medals.

BUNEVICH Pavel Konstantinovich(29.7.1906, Stavropol).

Lieutenant Colonel (Colonel) of the medical service. In the Armed Forces since 1930. In 1940 he graduated from the Military Medical Academy. During the Great Patriotic War, he first served on the Western Front. doctor of the 451st Cavalry Artillery Regiment. Then (from June 1943) he was a division doctor of the 4th Artillery Division as part of the Western and 3rd Belorussian Fronts. From January 1945 until the end of the war, he was a corps doctor of the 5th Artillery Corps of the breakthrough on the last front.