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Schoolchildren about the color red
Material on the topic: Travel to the country of red.
Description of material: Dear colleagues, I present to your attention material that can be used by a teacher when preparing a multimedia presentation in fine arts lessons. The proposed material will help students of different age categories, depending on the assigned tasks in extracurricular activities, prepare for thematic events.
Goals and objectives:
Expand your knowledge of the history of color in art and its features in life.
To cultivate a love for beauty and everything that surrounds us.
Development of creative abilities in students.
Introduction.
Each word has its own history, which is called etymology. Etymological analysis clarifies what language a particular name came from, what its meaning was, what spelling it had, and how it changed over the centuries. Today we will talk about the appearance of color names.
The designation of color and paint is divided into two groups - ancient (such as “white” and “black”) and relatively new ones, which the Old Russian language did not know - they came from foreign languages, and most were derived from the names of objects with a characteristic color. Words that define this or that color shade have long come into use. Everyone knows what these words mean, but few can say they are familiar with their origins.
Etymology
The word “red” is common Slavic in origin. It is derived from the word “beauty” and was initially used as “good, beautiful.” It was only after the 16th century that “red” came to symbolize the brightest color in the color spectrum. The fact is that red paint used to be obtained from a special type of worm. The adjective “red” - in the color meaning of the Slavic languages, is characteristic only of Russian. In its original meaning it is found only in phraseological phrases such as: debt is red in payment, for the sake of a catchphrase, the price is red, the fish is red, the maiden is red, death is red in the world. In the Old Russian language, the word “scarlet” was used to denote the color red (after the name of the insect larva “worm”, from which red paint was prepared). This word can be found in the Russian Synodal Bible in the name of the Red (Red) Sea.
Red pigments
The color red has many shades.
Red is the region of colors in the long-wave part of the visible spectrum, corresponding to the minimum frequency of the electromagnetic field perceived by the human eye. One of the three “primary” colors in the RGB system.
Scarlet. Sometimes shades of red paint (up to brown!) were called by the common Slavic word bagr. This is where the names crimson and crimson came from. Crimson is a thick red color, and crimson is a pure, bright red color. For example, a crimson glow - a crimson sunset.
Red color. This is what our ancestors called the color red. “Chervonny” and “chervlyony” have a common root with the verb “cherviti”, meaning “to paint red.” In turn, “cherviti” is based on the word “worm”.
Organic red dyes are among the most ancient. Woven mats, painted red, found during excavations in Egypt, in Thebes, date back to the predynastic period (4 thousand BC).
Red combined with white is associated with purity and harmony. Red and green should not be together. From mythology it is known that Venus (green) was the wife of Mars (red) and gave birth to Phobos (fear) and Demos (horror). The color red in a person's aura signifies anger, passion or lust. It corresponds to the most difficult road of life - the road of love and anger.
ALIZARIN (French alizarine) is a bright red dye. Natural alizarin is obtained from the roots of the madder plant (French alizari from Arabic alize - eastern, from the Levant, Eastern countries). Accordingly, the dye was first called “lizari” or “alizari”, later krapp. Another name is purpurin. This dye was known in antiquity. In 1826, a technology for synthesizing alizarin artificially from anthracene, a product of coal tar, was developed. Orange crystals, when dissolved in alkalis, give a bright red or dark purple color. Synthetic dyes are used mainly for dyeing cotton fabrics. A cheaper substitute for such paint is kraplak.
BUGOR, BAGRIK (Old Slavic bagr, possibly related to Greek phogo - “fry”, Old High German bahhan - “oven”) - dark red paint with a violet tint, close to antique purple. It was extracted from the purple snail (lat. murex), or “worm”.
In ancient Russian art it was used when painting icons - the maforium of the Mother of God was usually painted with a hook. Another Old Russian name: chervlen or cherven. Similar paint was also made from “vapa and ink; black and cormorant; cormorant and azure; cinnabar and ink.” In Rus', “gaff” paint was used in different shades: blue-cherry, “wild” (bluish-gray), red-cherry, almost black. Hence - crimson color, diminutive: "crimson".
Crimson, Crimson (slav. bagriti from bagr) - a bright red color of a cold shade, the same as purple. Crimson paint is dark red, regardless of composition. “Purple” - in ancient Russian art, organic red paint extracted from “purple” - the shell of the mollusk murex, the same as purple, porphyry, scarlet, charlat. To stain - to paint red.
BAKAN (Ukrainian from Arabic bagan from Turkic bakkam - “dye tree”) - red paint, cochineal, otherwise - “Venetian varnish”. The Old Russian name for the red, crimson and pink-red stone rhodonite, or orlets. Diamonds with a pinkish tint and a “dirty color” are called “butter diamonds.” In the Old Russian language, the word "bakan" is first found in the Gennadiev Bible (1499); it was probably used to designate various dyes and shades of red-purple. “Venice bakan”, imported, was prepared from mealybugs, cochineal; another variety, "simple cormorant", made of sandalwood. In Rus', “Viennese cormorant”, “German cormorant”, “Florentine cormorant”, “blue cormorant” (“sandalwood blue”, or cabbage roll, campesh - the only cormorant not red, prepared from “logwood”) were also known. There is an assumption about the origin of the word “cormorant” from the Ancient Mesopotamia. In Mesopotamia, among the Sumerians, “cormorant” is the same as “red paint”.
“The Sumerians buried their dead in specially built crypts - ziggurats, which were painted on the inside with cormorant, since, according to their belief, the Angel of Death came for the soul of the deceased only if the walls and ceiling were covered with cormorant.”
“Bakan” paint was used in ancient Russian icon painting and in painting wood products (usually on gold), brothers and Easter eggs. The transparency of the cormorant (it was dissolved in gum - tree resin) made it possible to mix this paint with others and use it for “shading” in icons and book miniatures. It was used in miniatures of the Ostromir Gospel of the 11th century. It was also used for dyeing fabrics, although it was expensive.
VERMILLION (French vermillon - “blush”, from Latin vermis - “worm, caterpillar”) - red, scarlet paint. A name common among French painters of the 17th-19th centuries, who used this word to designate different pigments in oil paints that gave the greatest brightness, usually cadmium red. However, it is more correct to use red paint made from mercury sulphide; it gives a brighter and purer tone than cinnabar from the same raw materials. The word "vermilion" comes from the name of cochineal worms, from which bright red paint was extracted in antiquity. In Russian, this term corresponds to the names: cherven, chervets, chervlyony, chervonny.
CARMINE (French carmin from Arabic qirmiz and Latin minium - “red paint”) is a dye of a cold red tone, close to violet. In the Middle Ages, such a dye was obtained by boiling red (fernambuco) wood. The Old Russian name is cormorant. This tree grows in India and South America. After the discovery of the American continent by Europeans in 1492, the paint began to be called “Brazilian varnish”, or “Brazilin”. The dye, prepared in Venice, was called carmine (the Russian name is “Venice cormorant”). The carmine solution has a yellowish tint, but when combined with a small amount of alkali it gives a brick-red tone. In 1518, a certain Franciscan monk from Pisa dissolved amber-yellow crystals of "Brazilin" in alcohol with added sodium and obtained a beautiful red-violet color, similar to that produced by another red paint - kraplak. Carmine is used in watercolors (in the Middle Ages - for book miniatures) and in oil painting, but it is not lightfast and quickly fades when exposed to sunlight (other names: Florentine varnish, Parisian varnish, Munich varnish).
CINNABAR (Old Russian cinnabar, from Greek kinnabari; Latin cinnabaris - “cinnamon, cinnamon tree”) is a bright red paint of a crimson hue. In antiquity, the red resin of some tropical trees was called “dragon’s blood,” and the trees themselves were called “dragon” (lat. dracaena). In fact, cinnabar is a mineral paint, crystalline sulfurous mercury. Paint was brought to Ancient Rimetu from Iberia (Eastern Georgia; other names are minium, zinober). A similar paint of mineral origin - red chalk, or ocher - was called miltos. The mineral “Cappadocia paint” was also considered cinnabar. In archaic Greece, there was a custom of painting clay and wooden statues of gods with red paint. It is known that statues of Dionysus were painted with cinnabar. The disadvantage of this paint is its toxicity and the fact that it turns black when oxidized in air. From the 13th century alchemists prepared artificial cinnabar by combining sulfur and mercury with low heat. Later, light-resistant varieties based on mercury chloride were obtained. When combined with oils and varnishes, cinnabar also turns black, which limits its use in oil painting. Tempera and watercolor paints are more stable. Painters replace cinnabar with red chrome or cadmium to avoid blackening of the paint layer. French artists of the 17th-19th centuries. they preferred an improved composition called vermillion. A similar dye based on mercury iodide is called cinnabar-ecarlate (French carlate - “crimson”). But this paint, obtained in 1849, is also not lightfast.
COCHENILLE (French cochenille, from Italian cocciniglia, Latin coccinus, Greek kokkinos) is a bright red, crimson dye. It was obtained in antiquity from insects of the scale insect family (lat. coccus).
MUMMY, "EGYPTIAN MUMMY" - red or reddish-brown paint prepared from a mixture of iron oxide and clay. In the Middle Ages, it was believed that this paint was made from the remains of Egyptian mummies, hence the name. Probably, in such cases, asphalt was used in a mixture with other natural resins. Similar mineral dyes in red and brown shades are obtained by burning iron ores; one variety is made from burnt ivory. Another name is colcotar (colcotar from Late Latin golgotar), or red iron ore. Finely ground kolkotar is called crocus. Paints based on iron oxides that are similar in composition are called “caput-mortuum” (Latin: caput mortuum - “death’s head”). This is what medieval alchemists called substances that remained in the crucible after calcination and were unsuitable for subsequent experiments. The black color symbolized the “death of the body.” Burning iron sulfate mixed with table salt produces black paint.
PORPHYRA (old famous porphyra, pyrfura, from the Greek Porphyra - “red”) - the purple robe of the monarch, the regalia of the Byzantine emperors. In Byzantium, the crimson or purple color was designated by the word “blattiy” (Greek blattion). Hence the Latin: blat-tiferum - “porphyry-bearing”, the imperial tunic of purple color. The epithet “porphyry-bearing” was applied to emperors and heirs to the throne. “Porphyrogenite” (Greek Porphyrogenites - “Porphyrogenous”; in Russian transcription: “Porphyrogenitus”) is the nickname of the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII (913-920 and 945-959). In Russia, a robe made of crimson silk, lined with ermine fur, was worn by kings. In ancient Russian art, porphyry is a red paint, often dark with a violet tint, the same as a gaff.
PURPUR, PURPURISS (via German Purpur, from Greek Porphyra, lat. Purpura - the name of a sea mollusk) is a bright red dye with a violet tint. According to legend, such paint (Russian name “purple snail”) was obtained in ancient times by the Phoenicians, they used the secretion of the glands of a sea mollusk of the genus “purple snails” (lat. murex), which were also eaten. However, such paint was known in Ancient Egypt from the 13th century. BC e. It was used for fabrics. Dark purple was obtained by double dyeing (Greek dibapha - “twice immersed”; Latin bis tinctus - “twice dyed”). Such fabrics were later called Tyrian, because in the city of Tire, in Phenicia, purple snails were mined, and similar dyes were made and purple fabrics were exported from this city. Workshops for dyeing wool with purple snail dye were located on the island. Lemnos in the northern Aegean Sea. Bright red, scarlet fabrics were called Tarentine, after the name of the city of Tarentum in Southern Italy, another center for the production of dyed fabrics. In Ancient Greece and Rome, light, pink paint was extracted from double, or tubular, shells (Latin bicinum, or murex brandaris), and dark, purple paint was obtained from pelagia shells (Latin pelagia - “sea”). Then both dyes were mixed and a bright crimson paint was obtained - porphyry (Greek Porphyra - “red”). In Egypt, they also used artificial purple (from vinegar-alumina salt) and a similar paint of plant origin from the seeds or berries of shrubs (Greek kokkos, Latin coccus - “worm”, an insect that is found in fruits and which in antiquity was mistaken for a berry) . Another Greek name for purple paint is ostreion (Greek ostreion - “oyster, shell,” “oyster” paint). Hence Ostrikhy (the name and position of the “mixer” of paints; Greek cheo - “to soften, grind”). The color purple evoked associations with the dawn. This is evidenced by the famous phrase from Homer’s “Odyssey”: “The young Eos with purple fingers came out of the darkness” (X, 187; Greek rododaktylos - “pink-fingered”; Eos is the goddess of the dawn). According to Pliny the Elder, the dark Tyrian paint of “blood of a purple hue” (Homer) symbolizes the “highest honor” (IX, 127). The Greek name for the Phoenician palm tree (Phoinix) was associated in history with the name of the Phoenician purple and the name of the fabulous bird Phoenix (Phoinix), which was depicted sitting on a red palm tree. The Romans called purple dye (lat. Purpurissum) royal, magical, or Thessalian (pun: murex Purpura haemonia). There is evidence that for greater brightness, such paint was mixed with salt and boiled, or mixed with madder and gisgin. Purpuriss was used to dye the silk robes and togas of Roman emperors. In 424, the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II (408-450) forbade his subjects to wear purple clothes. This color was reserved only for the emperor. Later, under Justin I (518-527), women were allowed to wear purple fabrics. There is a description of a non-preserved fabric - a shroud, or antimension, that covered the throne in the Church of St. Sophia in Constantinople (VI century). The fabric depicted Christ, dressed in a purple tunic, over which was a golden cloak. The expression “Born in purple” (Greek Porphyrogenites - “Porphyrogenite”, or “Porphyrogenitus”, in Russian transcription: Porphyrogenitus) is associated with the nickname of the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII (913-920 and 945-959), who was born in the “purple room” , probably lined with porphyry slabs. In Byzantium, the color of purple was designated by the word blatty (Greek blattion). The derived Latin word blattiferum means “porphyry-bearing, imperial.” The epithet: “divine purple” was attributed to the image of the Mother of God. Dark, "blackish" or Iberian purple was made in Spain using rust.
PURPURIN (Italian porpurino) is a general term for various materials colored red or purple in the mass. Purpurine is called red glass - astralite and its variety - artificial aventurine (aventurine glass), as well as hemation (bright red oppressed glass). Purpurines are various shades of red smalt, colored by copper oxides. As the glass mass cools, copper is restored, which gives the smalt its purple color. The dye alizarin is also called purpurin.
SCARLAT (Old Russian skorlat, through Polish szkarlat, from Italian scarlatto, from Middle Latin scarlatum) - first the name of an expensive oriental fabric dyed purple, then the name of a dark red, purple, crimson color (distorted scurlat ).
CHERVEN, CHERVETS, CHERVLENY, CHERVLYONY, CHERVONNY (Old Russian chrven). Cherven, or scarlet, is the Old Russian name for an organic red dye, which was prepared from the insect worm (lat. coccus). Same as cochineal, or "coccinus" (lat. coccinus). Worm was identified with cinnabar (which is incorrect, since cinnabar is a red dye of mineral origin). Chervlenitsa is a dark red dye from a mollusk (lat. murex) - the same as purple. In France, the same paint is called: vermillion (French vermillon from the Latin vermis - “worm”). In Rus', other red paints were also called “chervlenem” - red ocher, imported Sinopian paint, “chermnaya”, or karmazin, sankir. Cherven - the month of June (the time of collecting insects of the worm); worm is also a fabric dyed red. Scarlet, worm-like - bright red, crimson or crimson color. Chervony - red, beautiful; chervonets - an old gold coin (about three rubles in silver). Red gold is of the highest standard, which is used for minting coins (has no relation to red gold with an admixture of copper; possibly from the Latin rubrum aurum - “red gold”, i.e. tested on fire). Other names: cherlyad, cherlentsa, chernel, niello are also related to the mineral paint - red ocher.
Another meaning of the word “scarlet” is a royal robe of scarlet color, lined with ermine. As an epithet, this word was attributed to the images of the “King of Powers”, as well as to the image of the Mother of God in the akathists: “Cherlenitsa, who with Her blood painted the divine purple for the King of Powers.” This epithet goes back to the theme of the Annunciation to Mary, when the Mother "weaved the flesh of the God-man... like Divine purple from Her blood." The Divine purple of the King “means the flesh of the God-man.” This statement is supported by the text of the biblical book of the Song of Solomon: “The braiding of Your head is like scarlet. What have You adorned, and what You have enjoyed” (Song. 7:6; the Church Slavonic edition of the text is given).
CINABRESE (Italian cinabrese from cinabro - “cinnabar”) is a bright, light red paint made up of sinopia with the addition of white.
CHARLAT (Old Russian skorlat through Polish czarlat from Middle Upper German scharlat from Middle Latin scarlatum - the name of an oriental fabric dyed purple) - dark red, crimson paint, “crimson”.
Color Mixing:
All colors differ in warm and cold. Often the difference is in the subtlest shade, so it is important to learn to distinguish between them. Red tones are mostly warm. However, if you compare different shades of red, some of them are closer to the cold range. Burgundy is cooler than Alizarin Red (although Alizarin Red will always be warmer than Blue).
Medieval "snake's blood", a dark crimson dye, possibly of the same origin as the "dragon's blood" of antiquity.
Cinnabar, or red lead, was called “minium” in the Middle Ages (Middle Latin: minium), hence the word “miniature”. The same pigment, only of better quality, in the 17th-18th centuries. called vermillion.
Madder paints dilute well in oil and are therefore used in oil painting under the name “kraplak”. They come in different shades: from light pink to dark red.
Carmine has poor light fastness and fades quickly, so painters often use mixtures of carmine and kraplak.
Paints prepared from hydrous iron oxide, alumina, gypsum, zinc oxide and chalk are called mars (by association with the color of the planet Mars). Pigments of the same composition were used to paint faience in Delft and Rouen. After calcining them over a fire, red mars is obtained - a beautiful red-brown paint.
A pigment similar in composition (a combination of ferrous sulfate and carbon dioxide) is called “English red”, “Vandik red”, “Pompeian red”, or “caput mortuum” (Latin Caput mortuum - “death’s head”). All these are paints of various shades, depending on the chemical composition and calcination mode of the mineral components.
Red paints of various shades are also obtained from cadmium sulfide (a mineral found in zinc ore). The production of such pigments has existed since 1912.
Red cadmium paints dilute well in oil and have the necessary covering power and light fastness.
From arsenic and sulfur, in addition to yellow, red orpiment is prepared (from the Latin auram - “gold”).
The dark red dye “hysgin”, or “issgonon” (Greek hysginon), similar to purple, remains mysterious; this paint was made in antiquity from the berries of the phytolacca plant, and therefore it should not be identified with kermes or cochineal.
The recipe for another antique red paint is not completely clear: “Adrianople color”.
To obtain pink color, bleached red pigments are used, that is, by adding white to them, which increases lightness and reduces color saturation (chromatic tone). To obtain violet-pink paint, various compounds of manganese and cobalt are used. In glassmaking and porcelain painting, a colloidal solution of gold, selenium, and a combination of gold salts and tin are used. In the history of art, pink pompadour paint is especially famous.
Symbolism of color:
Since ancient times, people have shown a special passion for the color red. In many languages, the same word “red” means color and, in general, everything beautiful and beautiful. In Russian: Red Square is a beautiful square; folklore images: a red maiden, a red sun. Among the Polynesians, the word "red" is synonymous with the word "beloved." In China they say about a sincere, frank person: “a red heart,” while the heart of a bad, treacherous person is black.
Red has long been considered the color of wisdom and power. Among the ancient Jews it was the royal color; in Orthodoxy it symbolized divine manifestation. In ancient Rome, Caesars wore purple togas.
The color red is primarily associated with blood and fire. Its symbolic meanings are very diverse and contradictory. The red color symbolizes joy, beauty, love and fullness of life, and on the other hand - enmity, revenge, war, and is associated with aggressiveness and carnal desires.
For many peoples, the color red symbolizes the south, flame and heat. In Asian cultures, the south was usually associated with the color red, the north with black, the west with white, and the east with yellow or blue.
Red is considered a masculine color, symbolizing Yang energy. This is the color of life. At the same time, it symbolizes activity and energy, dynamism and strength, strength and determination, as well as love, passion, and anger.
This color is too contradictory, and quite illogical. Thus, the Day of Judgment is colored red in Judaism. But at the same time, red decorates the roofs of the first Jewish temples, the clothes of the high priests, and much more. All this, and perhaps the fact that red is dedicated to the Holy Spirit in Christianity, makes it possible to understand the association of red with the Passion of the Lord. With the blood of Jesus Christ shed for the salvation of mankind.
Tantrism associates the red energy center with increased vital energy and increased immunity or endurance. And Kabbalah endows the red sun god with severity and inflexibility.
Red is the main heraldic color. On banners it symbolizes rebellion, revolution, struggle, independence. It is interesting that among many tribes in Africa, America and Australia, warriors, preparing for battle, painted their bodies and faces red. The Carthaginians and Spartans wore red clothing during war. In ancient China, rebels called themselves "red warriors", "red spears", "red eyebrows".
According to Eastern ways of thinking, red contains within itself all other colors, and therefore it carries within itself the fundamental ability to be realized in any other color. Here and now it appears as red. Such a world in which each individual color is seen to contain within itself all other colors, so that each color is the point of convergence of all colors, such a world of infinite color possibilities can best be conveyed in black - at least from the point of view of the artist of the Far East.
Healing properties and the ability to resist the evil eye and witchcraft were also attributed to the color red.
Red threads, Easter eggs, fabrics, corals, flowers and plants help against evil spirits and the evil eye. The Chinese tied something red to children's hands, teaching them to look at this color as the best protection against evil spirits. In many countries, women tie red thread around their hands to prevent pain and to prevent the evil eye.
Due to the stimulation of the nervous system, red initially causes a sharp increase in performance. For example, labor productivity increases by 26% after just 10 minutes. The “counting numbers” reaction speeds up... However, when adapting to the color red, the number of correctly solved problems decreases by 20%, and labor productivity - by 34% (after 20 minutes of adaptation). Color fatigue appears, leading to a further decrease in performance.
Psychology of color
Scientists from different eras, including the great German poet, naturalist and thinker Johann Wolfgang Goethe, studied the effects of various colors on the human psyche. He believed that light, color and emotion are links in one chain. At the same time, he distinguished between the effect of color on the human body (physiological) and its effect on the inner world (psychological).
Psychologists have noted that wearing red glasses by an athlete increases his endurance. Reveals the combative wrestling determination in his character. Red is more typical for the tastes of young people. If before the age of 20 it is often put in first place, and by the age of 30 - somewhat less often, then by the age of 60 red is already somewhere in the middle of the color range of preferences.
The presence of red color in the room where food is eaten promotes appetite. This color is stimulating to sexual instincts. The color red has an analgesic effect on the nervous system, treats hypertension (the first stage of neurasthenia), activates dystrophies, and regulates digestion. For this reason, athletes are advised to wear red glasses before important competitions.
In psychiatry, silent psychosis is treated with red. As an aphrodisiac, red is very effective in treating depression, depression and melancholy.
Along with blue, it is the favorite color of most people. This is the color of strength, health, vitality. It is worn by extroverts and optimists, cheerful and impulsive, healthy and energetic people who may have a tendency to be aggressive. The man in red is cocky and wants to get everything he can out of life. If a person who is calm by nature has a lot of red in his clothes, then he needs warmth, strength and vital energy.
Red is a cleaner of emotions. It will rid your life of unnecessary trash (burn out), cleanse your body and soul, and eliminate unpleasant experiences. Red makes muscles elastic and joints mobile. Useful for colds and chills. Try to avoid red if you are irritated or have recently experienced shock. The red ray can be used to concentrate in work (boring work or you feel out of place). Red can help shy people overcome their shyness. If you find it difficult to make a decision, add red clothes to your wardrobe. There shouldn’t be a lot of red; it works even in small quantities.
Red represents physical life. It is the first color that became known to people. The chakra responsible for survival is colored red.
Red - adrenaline, the will to win, a source of energy. His motto is “never stop”, “let the fittest survive”. Red loves to be first, to capture territories without worrying about the consequences. The embodiment of passion, he does everything passionately - loves, believes, hates. The main concern of red is sensuality, procreation. In its sexual aspect it is more powerful than religion. Favors men (yang).
Shades and their meaning.
Scarlet strongly stimulates sensuality, has a stronger effect than red. The problems caused by this color are the tendency to make irrevocable decisions and fanaticism (people strive to conquer only the highest peaks).
Malino vyy- it has a slight bluish tint; this color does not fight life, but loves it, does not believe in the effectiveness of the struggle, but goes and takes what it wants. Typically deals with individuality. But not with the masses. Such people are extremely sincere and believe in the power of words. The problems of this color are impulsiveness and unpredictability.
Fiery- it has a yellow-orange tint; distinguished by extreme zeal, rushes forward, regardless of the goal (yellow). Characterized by willpower and ardor. His problem is that he is too ardent in his zeal - he leaves scorched earth behind him, burning himself too.
Red-brown is distinguished by calm self-confidence and enthusiasm, not designed to create an external impression (brown extinguishes demonstrativeness). With an increased preference for this color, overwork and exhaustion are noted. The main problem is lack of determination.
Maroon(almost brown) inherited willpower from red, and from brown a tendency to deep thought. His problem is the ability to dwell on long-past unpleasant events.
Dark red. People who prefer this color very often ask the question: “why is this necessary?”; They are characterized by the saying: “God gives nuts only to toothless monkeys.” These people are overly indulgent, especially in sexual relationships (connivance). At the same time, leniency can develop into cruelty. The problem is inertia and rigidity.
Red color in art
On April 28, the exhibition “Red Color in Russian Art” opened in the Benois building of the Russian Museum. The exhibition occupies more than 20 halls, including works by Russian artists from the 14th century to the present day. The idea underlying it became a new step in exhibition activities. We are accustomed to the historical and art criticism selection of art monuments, united thematically or chronologically by a specific style, direction or name of the artist - here we see an attempt to change the established paradigm: by focusing on the problem of color in Russian art, attention is drawn to the role that it played and plays in Russian culture in general.
Kandinsky wrote that “red acts soulfully, as a very lively, full of inspiration, restless color, which does not have the frivolous character of yellow, squandered right and left” (“On the Spiritual in Art”). It is interesting that red (in the European sense) corresponds to the ancient element “fire”, choleric temperament, and in terms of time - modernity (yellow indicates the future). Psychology, which actively studies color from the point of view of emotional and psychophysical effects on humans, has established that red (or rather, red-orange) activates the vegetative functions of the human body, while dark blue causes a reverse reaction, it must also be taken into account that such a “language " international. The red color is associated, first of all, with vital energy (blood), with human passions, with fire; different shades of red turn it either tragically sacrificial, desperately festive, burningly sensual, or mysteriously mystical.
In Russian culture, the color red certainly occupies a special place. The word "red" itself goes far beyond simply denoting a color. In his notes about his stay in Russia, the 18th-century European Count Segur, speaking about local customs, noted: “They also use the word red to mean beauty.” Indeed, Russian folklore is rich in epithets, such as “red sun”, “red maiden”...
This color is associated with the holiday - the bride’s wedding dress was red, and elegant clothes had at least some red detail. The objects of Russian folk art presented at the exhibition show how this color was valued.
Household utensils: spinning wheels, boxes, chests, even a baby's cradle were painted with red or red-orange patterns. Color acted as something natural and primordial, something deep, inherent in the soul of the people. (Of course, perhaps such a love for red was also determined by climatic conditions: modern science advises in countries with cold and long winters to paint houses in warm colors, in red and orange - the tones are not just warm, but burning - warming).
At the exhibition, where ancient Russian icon painting is presented, you notice how the complexity of Christian color symbolism (where, depending on the shade or strength of the sound of red, its semantic reading also changes) is combined with admiration for the color red, admiration coming from folk feeling - hence the bright festiveness, glowing fiery, dominant in a number of icons.
The art of the 18th century, with its attraction to the Western European understanding of painting, shows how gradually, characteristic of the Russian soul, the passion for red is muffled and obscured by academic training.
And, if in the first half of the 18th century in the works of Russian artists this color still breaks out, as if by chance, from somewhere in the subconscious, sometimes completely out of the general color scheme of the work (it seems that the painter added red for greater beauty and did not notice If the palette is oversaturated with brightness), then by the 19th century this color loses its natural spontaneity, its appearance becomes conditioned by a thoughtful, rationalized scheme, it turns into a decorative spot - an element of coloristic solution, appropriate in a given plot and in a given composition.
At the beginning of the 20th century, red again captured the minds of Russian artists. There is an understanding that “color itself expresses something” (Van Gogh’s wonderful phrase). In the works of F.A. Malyavin, this color sounds desperately loud, conveying the fiery Russian character. Works by K.S. Petrov-Vodkin, K. Malevich, P. Filonov present different ways of its coloristic qualities.
F. Malyavin "Whirlwind"
And, if in icon painting - red - acts as a color expressing the highest, philosophical and religious values, and in folk art - as something spontaneous and generic, then in the work of artists of the beginning of the century it becomes an effective tool in the experimenter’s palette, a new understanding and understanding of it appears , based on tradition, and on polysemantic symbolism, and on the possibilities of color itself as such.
A different feeling arises when you find yourself in the halls where the art of the Soviet period is presented. Here red is extremely ideological. Such additions to this part of the exhibition as red flags, banners with slogans and, as an apotheosis, the reconstruction of the famous “red corner” - an indispensable attribute of industrial premises - sound nostalgic.
B. Kustodiev "Bathing the Red Horse"
"Post-Soviet" painting completes the exhibition. In some works, a new emphasis appears in the use of red - it is eroticized. As the opposite of revolutionary party formality, color overflows with naked, hypertrophied sensuality.
The exhibition makes you think about many things - it, passed through the magic crystal of red, is the history of our country, revealed in art. The authors of the exhibition showed an extraordinary creative approach in revealing the given topic. Everyday objects wonderfully complement the painting; the reconstruction of the “red corner” in the interior of a Russian hut is another manifestation of the love for red.
Poetic lines about red:
***
Our sketch is ready - hooray!
It's time for us to color
Red - butterfly wings,
Red is the side of the apple,
N. Ivanova
***
Red raspberries - near the gazebo,
The red viburnum bent its branches,
The cheeks of ripe tomatoes turned red,
And the clearings in the forest are red from fly agarics.
V. Chernyaeva
***
Red apple on a green branch,
Red currant apple tree neighbor,
Red rowan,
Red raspberry!
Everything in the world is red -
The most beautiful!
M. Yanushkevich
***
Red poppy petal.
And the rose is red.
And the currant bush is red.
Also dressed in red.
M. Andreeva-Doglyadnaya
***
I have no secrets.
The brightest color is red.
He lives on the tongue
In a strawberry and a flag.
L. Razumova
***
Red is the color of the tomato.
Red light - at the traffic light,
He warns us -
There is no way forward now!
N. Punko
***
Red is so beautiful!
Take at least a tomato
Or ladybugs' backs:
Wonderful decor.
And the beauty of the red rowan,
Sweet raspberries
Absolutely not in vain
They contain vitamins with medicine.
T. Krasyuk
***
What a beautiful color
Does it shine with a bright light?
You guessed it: it's red!
All the guys know him.
Red ripe raspberries
Attracts on bushes.
Rowan in early autumn
She blushed all over in the woods.
Red color attracts
Bouquet of field poppies.
Red and the fire is burning,
He is dangerous, no doubt about it!
It really begs to be put into a basket
Fly agaric with a red cap.
From the garden to our window
Looks like a red tomato.
Peppers are ripening behind the bushes...
Then continue on your own!
A. Markova
***
This page is red.
Red sun, red summer.
Red Square flags are being washed.
What is better and more beautiful in the world?
Unless our children are cheerful.
S. Marshak
***
The clear sun is setting...
Everyone can enjoy
The bright beauty of the sunset.
But where did the gold go?
The sun was yellow. All of a sudden
Everything around turned red.
Even, miracle of miracles,
The green forest turned red.
Like clouds in a fairy tale -
The sides are painted red.
Red river, fields,
The whole earth turned red!
I. Fink
***
Red warning:
Danger, stop, there is no way through!
And they shout to the predator: “Wait!
Nobody wants to be food!
I'm not edible, not tasty,
By color, you see, I’m red!”
It is dangerous to eat a ladybug:
Her color is very red!
And look at Fly Agaric:
In the basket it's just rubbish!
But just admire what it’s like!
He is the decoration of the forests!
L. Stepanova
***
Juicy, bright and elegant -
The many faces of RED!
You can be as hot as fire,
Or as gentle as the dawn.
You give us a crimson sunset,
You can bloom as a poppy,
You are in burgundy, scarlet colors,
Just can't take your eyes off!
Cherries, cranberries and raspberries,
You definitely won't miss it!
Pomegranate juice, ruby shine,
You won't find a brighter color!
The RED book will tell
Who is calling us for help?
Well, the traffic light will tell you:
RED - don't go forward!
In Rus', everything that is beautiful
Or is it important for the whole country,
Proudly called Red!
RED Square in Moscow.
And in Berlin, in honor of the victory
After furious attacks,
Our grandfathers erected
There is a RED flag over the Reichstag!
S. Ledkova
Puzzles:
***
He outrages all the bulls,
It is forbidden to go further,
It flows through us along with the blood,
It bakes the cheeks of all liars.
(Red color)
***
Raspberry is a sweet berry,
Currant is a sour berry,
Strawberries are delicious berries.
And each berry is….
M. Kitaeva. Answer: Red
***
Bora's mother said:
- Let's not go now - it's dangerous!
Because at the traffic light
Not a green light, but...
Answer: Red
***
In raspberries and strawberries,
Tomato and lingonberry
The taste is, of course, very different,
Well, the color is similar...
Answer: Red
***
He outrages all the bulls,
It is forbidden to go further,
It flows through us along with the blood,
It bakes the cheeks of all liars.
Today I thought about why the colors we see are called exactly as they are. Why is red red and yellow yellow?
The designation of color in the Russian language is divided into two groups - ancient (such as “white” and “black”) and relatively new ones, which the ancient Russian language did not know - they came from foreign languages, and most were derived from the names of objects with a characteristic color . I'll look at some of the colors in detail.
White
in ancient languages, the names black and white meant the same thing - that is, the absence of color. In some languages, the words for these two colors are very similar. In Anglo-Saxon, black was called "blaec" and white was "blac". To the ancient Egyptians, the same word meant white, brightness, metal, silver and milk.
Once upon a time (in the common Indo-European language) there was a root bhe; it meant “to shine,” “to shine.”
Remember, the word birch also goes back to this root, probably thanks to the sparkling, unlike others, silvery trunk of this wonderful tree. It’s from that root that “white” came into being, and from it linen, squirrel, and many other words.
Symbolizes purity, spotlessness, innocence, virtue, joy. The color is associated with the heavenly bodies and daylight, as well as with the productive force, which is embodied in milk and eggs.
Since antiquity, this color has had the meaning of detachment from the worldly, striving for spiritual simplicity. In Christianity, white denotes kinship with the divine light. Angels, saints and righteous people are depicted in white.
In Lithuanian, “former people” are honest people; in Hungarian, “white people” are women. In Rus', “white” meant: free, independent, noble, righteous...
But this color can also receive a negative value. Ghosts and ghosts appear to people in white robes. The Poles call death "white", and "marrying a white" means dying.
Black
Black is the opposite color of white.
In Old English the color black was called "swart", from the Latin word "sordes" (meaning dirty or stained). The Norwegians used the words "svart", the Germans - "schwarz", the Danes - "sort", the Swedes - "svart", the Dutch - "zwart". The modern English word "black" comes from the same family as the old Norwegian word for dark or black, "blakkr", the Danish "blaek" and the Germanic "blah". All these words mean something that cannot be described and has no color. In Romance languages, the names for black are associated with skin color: in Spanish - “negro”, in Italian - “nero”, in French - “noire”.
Yellow
It is interesting that this word has the same root as the words golden, green. In the Lithuanian language, for example, “golden” is zheltas; the primary meaning here was, apparently, “yellow - brilliant.” This is the color of gold, autumn, ripe ears and fading leaves, but also the color of illness, death, the other world.
It is light, radiant, exciting and therefore warming.
Yellow is the brightest color in the spectrum, so it is the first thing the eye notices.
Green
Same ancient root as yellow. In the Old Russian language there was a word zel - “winter shoots”. The words cereal and greenery are close to him.
For many peoples, it symbolizes youth, hope, fun, although sometimes immaturity and lack of perfection. Green is extremely material and has a calming effect, although there is a certain duality in it, just remember the fact that we call melancholy “green”, but the person himself “turns green” from anger.
Iranians associate this color both with rapid growth and freshness, and with misfortune, sadness, grief, so they speak of an ill-fated person as “green leg.” In Germany, in the past, cards were used for fortune telling, each suit of which had a different color and a corresponding symbolic meaning, with the green suit meaning sadness, grief, annoyance, red – love, betrothal, wedding, etc.
Blue
According to some researchers, the Russian word “blue” comes from the word “dove” (according to one version, from the color of the bird’s neck feathers; although most likely we are talking about the color of the bird’s head plumage); according to other researchers, on the contrary, “dove” is from “blue”. There is also an opinion that the word “blue” is related to the word “deep”, since clear water at its depth has a bluish tint, and the transparent air of the atmosphere creates the blue color of the sky.
Blue
In many cultures, the color blue has been used to protect against the forces of evil. In Morocco, a blue dot is painted just below the groom's ear to ward off evil spirits (the bride has to take care of herself!). In Jerusalem, a blue palm is painted on the doors and walls of homes. In ancient times, blue sapphires protected their owners from witchcraft.
Red
Apparently, our ancestors liked the scarlet color so much that they replaced the Old Slavic name chermny with a new one - red, that is, “the best,” “charming,” “beautiful.” The root of beauty is included in the words that denoted everything that pleased the eye: red maiden, red fellow, red sun.
It should also be said that in Ancient Rus' the color red was called both scarlet and red, very consonantly, but somewhat differently in the dialects. Red paint was made from a special type of worm (mugworm), hence the name.
Scarlet
In Turkic languages, scarlet means “pink”, “light red”, “red”. Our word came from there (by the way, almost all words begin with the letter “A”). And the fact that in our country it has come to mean “bright red” is quite natural: when moving from language to language, the meaning of words often changes even more than their sound form.
A bright shade of red. Traditionally, it is associated with the color of flame, sometimes with the color of human blood and lips.
Crimson and crimson
Sometimes shades of red paint (up to brown!) were called by the common Slavic word bagr. This is where the names crimson and crimson came from. Crimson is a thick red color, and crimson is a pure, bright red color. For example, a crimson glow - a crimson sunset.
Burgundy
Pronounced from bordeaux meaning “dark red.”
Borrowed in the 18th century from French, where boraeaux,
“dark red”, “the color of Bordeaux wine” (made in Bordeaux).
Why say so long: dark red, when you can briefly and sonorously say “Bordeaux”.
Orange
in ancient times, orange was considered the color of earthly and heavenly love. The name is borrowed from the French word Orange - orange. Oranges and orange flowers have long been considered a symbol of love. In the 14th century, lovers took baths with orange blossoms, and courtesans smothered their feet with orange tincture. German grooms were more practical. They sent their chosen ones oranges, not flowers. Wanting to attract the attention of future gentlemen, German girls did not drop scarves from the balconies, as the Spanish senoritas did, but threw oranges at them.
Brown
In many languages, the name for the color brown is associated with the designation of something burnt or burnt - in Italian "bruno", in French "brunir", in Danish "bruun", in Swedish "brun", in Dutch "bruin", in German "brawn" ", in Old English "brun".
The root of the English word "brown" appears in many other words, but other languages do not have a common designation for this color at all. In modern Greece, brown hair is called chestnut, tan is called black, and all other shades of brown are called coffee.
It is not surprising that Arabic languages have many words for the color of sand, but Eskimos do not know the color brown at all
Brown means the color of cinnamon - a reddish - brown spice
– powder from the bark or even pieces of the bark of the tropical cinnamomum tree. The spice is overseas, but the name cinnamon is purely Russian “Little crust” (from bark).
Violet/Magenta
In ancient times, purple was most valued - red on the verge of violet.
Violet is the link between red, the color of life, and blue, the color of heaven.
The word "purple" has its roots in Latin and ancient Greek and reminds us of the unfortunate mollusk from which this dye was obtained. Most shades of purple get their names from flowers, as this color is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Just remember lilac, orchid, cyclamen, pansies, lavender and violets. Even the color purple got its name from violets, and lavender - from lavender, a spicy plant similar to mint, which is used in sachets, eau de toilette and in making soap.
Although the word "purple" is found in many languages around the world, research conducted in Sweden showed that most people have very little understanding of it. Many could not find this color at all on the proposed palette, and some were looking for it among the yellowish-red shades.
Of course, there are many different colors and their shades, it’s impossible to list them all. But my curiosity is now satisfied, it found out everything it wanted! And yours?:-)
Colors surround us everywhere. Red, white, blue, green, orange, purple are words that are well-known and everyone knows what they mean, but what is their origin? For clarity, I will cite paintings by Russian artists, because Russian painting is so majestic and bright.
Arkady Rylov - Sunset
White color.
White color is recognized as the most ancient. The word denoting it has the Indo-European root “bra” or “bre” meaning “to shine, shine, shine.” And, indeed, the color white is often associated with the concept of “light.” For many peoples, snow-white shades symbolize light, purity, and innocence.
Nikolay Anokhin - Russian winter
Boris Kustodiev - Winter
Boris Kustodiev - Russian Venus
Black color.
Black color, oddly enough, is associated with the sea. This word comes from the Old Russian Pont, Ponti Sea. The Pontic Sea is the ancient name of the Black Sea. So, our ancestors determined the color by the appearance of the body of water, which often seemed dark and gloomy. By the way, the word “black” is also connected with the ancient Iranian “dark”.
Ivan Aivazovsky - Brig "Mercury" after defeating two Turkish ships meets with the Russian squadron
Ivan Aivazovsky - Black Sea Fleet in Feodosia
Red color.
The word “red” is common Slavic in origin. It is derived from the word “beauty” and was initially used as “good, beautiful.” It was only after the 16th century that “red” came to symbolize the brightest color in the color spectrum. The color red has many shades.
Ivan Kulikov - In a peasant hut
Crimson color.
The crimson color or crimson is associated with the Old Russian “bagyar”, meaning “red paint, red color”. There are 3 versions regarding the history of the word “crimson”. One version suggests that the word has the prefix “ba” and the root of “to burn,” meaning the color red is associated with flame. The second hypothesis connects the word “bagyar” with the ancient word “bagno”, which means “mud, swamp”. Do not be surprised. The water in swampy areas is dirty red, rusty in color, so ancient people associated the color red with a swamp. The third assumption is based on the borrowing of the word “bagyar” from the eastern part of the Mediterranean. From there they brought red dye, which gave the name to the crimson color.
Oksana Pavlova - Construction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior
Red color.
This is what our ancestors called the color red. “Chervonny” and “chervlyony” have a common root with the verb “cherviti”, meaning “to paint red.” In turn, “cherviti” is based on the word “worm”. The fact is that red paint used to be obtained from a special type of worm.
Vasily Perov - The arrival of a governess to a merchant's house
Scarlet color.
The word "scarlet" is of Turkic origin. It meant bright red, light pink color. Some linguists associate “scarlet” with the Arabic word “alaw” - “flame”, as well as with the Georgian “ali”.
Andrey Remnev - "Fire Girl"
Pink color.
The word “pink” has Polish-Ukrainian roots (“rozheviy”, “roz†owy”). It comes from the name of the corresponding flower “rose”.
Valentin Serov - Girl with Peaches
Green color.
“Green” is related to the ancient “zel” (“green”). In the Old Russian language, the noun “zel” functioned in the meaning of “greens, grass, young winter.” The familiar words “cereal, potion, ash, golden, yellow” have the same root.
Isaac Levitan - Summer
Boris Kustodiev - Walking on the Volga
Yellow.
As already mentioned, the word “yellow” has a common root with the words “green”, “gold”, “ash”. No one would have guessed that gold, green and yellow colors are “relatives”.
Boris Olshansky - Golden Autumn
Andrey Ryabushkin - They're coming!
Orange color.
The word "orange" comes to us from the French language. The borrowed “orange” was supplemented by the suffix -ev- on the Russian platform. “Orange” translated means orange, that is, the color orange is “the color of an orange.”
Victor Matorin - Zadonshchina
Andrey Remnev - Redhead
Blue.
The origin of the word “blue” is rather vague. The color blue is considered to be derived from the word “dove”. The color of these birds was given the exact name - “blue”. It turns out that blue was previously positioned as gray, not light blue. The shade of blue was clarified only in the 18th century; before that, no one could say exactly what it was.
Vladimir Borovikovsky - Catherine II on a walk in Tsarskoye Selo Park
Ivan Velts - Ukrainian night. Winter
Blue color.
"Blue" is related to the word "to shine", so the original meaning is "sparkling, shining". Researchers have encountered the word “blue” in the meaning of “black”, “dark”. Remember the expression “blue-black”? The blue color has acquired a modern meaning under the influence of the sea sparkling under the rays of the sun and the color of the sky with the sun shining on it.
Isaac Levitan - Lake. Rus
Purple.
The word "purple" has a long history. It came to us in the 18th century from the Polish language (fioletowy). The word “violet” came to Poland from German (violet). The German version migrated from the French language, and the French "violet" goes back to the Latin word "viola", which means "violet-colored, violet."
Vladimir Makovsky - Portrait of Empress Maria Feodorovna
Ivan Sokolov - Night on Ivan Kupala
This is how the names of the colors came about. All of them arose on the basis of objects and phenomena that gravitate toward these colors. Thus, white color is associated with shine and light, “black” - with the dark sea, “red” - with beauty, green and yellow colors - with grass, greenery, “orange” - with the color of orange, blue shades - with the color of pigeons, “blue” is associated with radiance, violet with the color of violet.
And a few more pictures for beauty and inspiration
Ivan Aivazovsky - Ocean 
Fyodor Vasiliev - Swamp in the forest. Autumn
Ivan Glazunov - First snow on the Dvina
Sergey Gribkov - Hide and seek
Yakov Kapkov - Healing by Metropolitan Alexei Taidula, wife of Chanibek, Khan of the Golden Horde
Isaac Levitan
Ivan Makarov - Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna
Mikhail Gorbatov - Veliky Novgorod
Andrey Ryabushkin - Sitting of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich with the boyars in his sovereign room
Nikolay Sergeev - At night in the steppe
Ivan Shishkin - “In the wild north...”
NAMES OF COLORS AND SHADES
On the origin of the names of primary colors and some shades
We live in a bright, colorful world. Colors and shades surround us everywhere, and words that define this or that color shade have long come into use. Red, white, blue, green, orange, purple, the colors of the rainbow and the nature around us.
The designation of color, paints are divided into two groups - ancient (such as “white” and “black”) and relatively new ones, which the Old Russian language did not know - they came from other languages.
All of them arose on the basis of objects and phenomena gravitating towards these colors. Thus, white color is associated with shine and light, black - with the dark sea, red - with beauty, green and yellow colors - with grass, greenery, orange - with the color of orange, blue shades - with the color of pigeons, blue is associated with the radiance of the sky, sea, purple - with the color of violet.
White.
Once upon a time (in the common Indo-European language) there was a root bhe; it meant "to shine", "to shine". Remember, the word birch also goes back to this root, probably thanks to the sparkling, silvery trunk of this wonderful tree. It’s from that root that “white” appeared, and from it came linen, squirrel, and many other words.
Black color.
Black color, oddly enough, is associated with the sea. This word comes from the Old Russian Pont, the Pontic Sea - the ancient name of the Black Sea. So, our ancestors determined the color by the appearance of the body of water, which often seemed dark and gloomy. By the way, the word “black” is also connected with the ancient Iranian “dark”.
Red
Red- Means " wonderful, beautiful". In the Old Russian language, the word “red” had exactly this meaning: “the maiden is red,” “the hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies,” etc. The color meaning of the word developed only in the Russian language, approximately from the end XIV century; Previously, shades of red were designated by adjectives " red", "scarlet", "red red"".
Red color.
This is what our ancestors called the color red. “Chervonny” and “chervlyony” have a common root with the verb “cherviti”, meaning “to paint red.” In turn, “cherviti” is derived from the word “worm”. The fact is that red paint used to be obtained from a special type of worm.
Scarlet color.
The word "scarlet" is of Turkic origin. It meant bright red, light pink color.
Our word came from there (by the way, like many words starting with the letter “A”). And the fact that in our country it has come to mean “bright red” is quite natural: when moving from language to language, the meaning of words often changes even more than their sound form.
Some linguists associate “scarlet” with the Arabic word “alaw” - “flame”, as well as with the Georgian “ali”.
Crimson and crimson.
Red paint, sometimes shades (up to brown!) were called by the common Slavic word bagr. From this came the names crimson and crimson, crimson.
Crimson is a thick red color, and crimson is a pure, bright red color. For example, a crimson glow - a crimson sunset.
There are 3 versions regarding the history of the word “crimson”. One version suggests that the word has the prefix “ba” and the root of “to burn,” meaning the color red is associated with flame. The second hypothesis connects the word “bagyar” with the ancient word “bagno”, which means “mud, swamp”. Do not be surprised. The water in swampy areas is dirty red, rusty in color, so ancient people associated the color red with a swamp. The third assumption is based on the borrowing of the word “bagyar” from the eastern part of the Mediterranean. From there they brought red dye, which gave the name to the crimson color.
Burgundy. From burgundy meaning "dark red". Borrowed in the 18th century from French, where boraeaux, "dark red", "the color of Bordeaux wine" (made in Bordeaux).
(I remembered the shades of hair dye: Beaujolais, Burgundy...) 
Green color.
“Green” is related to the ancient “zel” (“green”). In the Old Russian language, the noun “zel” functioned in the meaning of “greens, grass, young winter.” The familiar words “cereal, potion, ash, golden, yellow” have the same root.
Yellow and Gold
As already mentioned, the word “yellow” has a common root with the words “green”, “gold”, “ash” (because ash is gray-yellow).
No one would have guessed that gold, green and yellow colors are “relatives”. Over time, ideas about color often change... and the ancient alternation of g/z dates back to the Indo-European era.
In the Lithuanian language, for example, “golden” will be zheltas, and let’s remember the German Gold - “gold”.
Blue
The etymology here is extremely brief, the color is named after the color of the pigeon's neck.
It turns out that blue was previously positioned as gray, not light blue. The shade of blue was clarified only in the 18th century; before that, no one could say exactly what it was.
Blue- a cognate word with the word “shine”. Originally it meant “shining, sparkling.” In ancient Russian monuments this word is found in the meaning of “dark, black” (the radiance blinds the eyes!). The meaning of blue may have been influenced by the color of the sky, on which the sun shines, and the sea, shining under the sun's rays (for example, in the Serbo-Croatian language, the word siњi refers only to the color of the sea).
Purple.
The word "purple" has a long history. It came to us in the 18th century from the Polish language (fioletowy). The word “violet” came to Poland from German (violet). The German version migrated from the French language, and the French "violet" goes back to the Latin word "viola", which means "violet-colored, violet."
Lilac, Lilac
How violet- goes back to the Latin viola - “violet”, so the words " lilac" and "lilac" are derived from the Russian and French (lilas) names for lilac.
Purple- initially the word did not serve to denote color at all. This was the name of a certain type of snail that was found in the Mediterranean Sea. It was to them that the Greek corresponded. πορφύρα and later lat. purpura. Snails had coloring properties, but not only this determined the unique role of these mollusks in the history of the development of the vocabulary of color names in Indo-European languages. (you can call purple (in Russian) “porphyry”)
Magenta(magenta) - one of the first aniline dyes, was created after the Battle of Magenta (English) (English) (English) (English) (English) (1859) in northern Italy, hence its name
Grey- a word of the same root as “gray-haired”, only their ancient suffixes are different: in the word “gray-haired” there is a suffix -d- (as in the adjectives “bay”, “pale”), and in the word “gray” there is a suffix -r- (as in “old”, “good”).
Silver color - silver color
Obviously, Russian silver, Polish and Bulgarian Silver go back to the Proto-Slavic *sерbro, which has correspondences in Baltic (lit. Sidabras) and Germanic (German) Silber, English silver) languages. Further etymology is unclear; they suggest either a convergence with Anatolian subau-ro“brilliant”, or an early borrowing from the languages of the Middle East: cf. Akkadian sarpu"refined silver".
Brown - found in written sources from the end of the 17th century. Initially, this word was used only to name the color of fabrics. It is formed from the word “cinnamon”, and that, in turn, is a diminutive form of the word “bark”.
Beige- the word was borrowed in the 20th century. The French beige originally meant "the color of undyed, unbleached wool."
Bolotny color.
It would seem to be “the color of a swamp.” But what color is the swamp? By the word “marsh” we most often mean brownish-green. However, our ancestors used words related to the word “swamp” to designate completely different colors. The ancient Indo-European word baltas (this is what the word “swamp” looked like at one time) was an adjective meaning “white”. It is in this form and with this meaning that it has been preserved to this day in the Lithuanian language; it is possible that the Lithuanians themselves, as well as Latvians and some other peoples, were called Balts precisely because of the light color of their eyes and hair. Why is the "swamp" white? This is due to the whitish color of swampy soil or the whitish color of marsh grass. 
This is how the names of the colors came about.
And there are thousands of shades of flowers, both old and new.
There are shades whose names are derived from the names of fruits, plants, minerals: raspberry, pistachio, fuchsia, coral, turquoise, amethyst.
There are also such unusual names as the color of thrush eggs, zinnwaldite, stars in shock, the color of the thigh of a frightened nymph, fainting frogs, etc.
Dictionaries of shades have been compiled, here is a story about searching for colors and shades on Yandex and a dictionary.
Colors on Yandex and shade dictionary
Purple Borrow. in the 18th century from Polish language, where violetowy German violet, transmitting French. violet ( violette“violet”, reduce.-caress. To viole"violet" lat. viola- tzh.). Cm.
.
School etymological dictionary of the Russian language. Origin of words. - M.: Bustard. N. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrova. 2004 .
Synonyms:See what “purple” is in other dictionaries:
violet- purple, lilac; dark purple, unusual, light purple, cold, violet, fiery purple, lilac, fancy, pink purple, lilac purple, soft purple, light purple, red purple, blue purple,... ... Synonym dictionary
Violet- (#8000FF) Purple RGB color coordinates HEX #8000FF (r, g, b) (128, 0, 255) (c, m, y, k ... Wikipedia
violet- oh, oh. violet, it. violetto germ. violett, goal violet.1. Blue with a reddish tint, dark purple, violet color. BAS 1. To the dyers of the same city of Rouen, illuminated by the light of modern Chemistry, we owe this rich variety... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
violet- “purple is the same as lilac,” the explanatory dictionary will tell you. An etymological would not do that. Lilac and violet are similar only in color, and also in the fact that they are both derived from the names of plants. But different. Just don’t think that purple... ... Entertaining etymological dictionary
VIOLET- VIOLET, violet, violet (from the French violette violet). Violet colors, blue with a reddish tint, lilac. Purple. Purple dress. Purple ink. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
VIOLET- German violett, French violet; etymology see violet. Red blue. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. Mikhelson A.D., 1865. PURPLE dark purple, various shades from a mixture... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
violet- PURPLE, oh, oh. Strange, unusual, bizarre, unusual. purple small... Dictionary of Russian argot
violet- VIOLET, amethyst, lilac, lilac, violet, ink... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech
VIOLET- PURPLE, oh, oh; ov. Same as purple. F. iris. F. amethyst. Purple ink. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
VIOLET- color, blue-purple, thick blue-scarlet. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dahl. 1863 1866 … Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
violet- See milling V.V. Vinogradov. History of words, 2010 ... History of words
Books
- Purple Sword, Iar Elterrus, Dmitry Morozov. Giving up everything, he stepped into the unknown. He picked up the Purple Sword, which in another world was called Crystal Ash, and rushed into battle. But he was left alone, without support and help. No... Buy for 200 rubles
- Purple dragon. Which dragon is yours? , Irina Ivko. "The Purple Dragon" is the second story in the book "Rainbow Dragons". In it, the reader will have to find out the fate of another dragon created by the master, and meet new heroes, meeting...
