The Unified State Examination at the present stage has its advantages and disadvantages. Unified State Exam: pros and cons, exam rules

Fashion & Style 17.12.2023

Fashion & Style

Back in the 2000s, the idea arose to replace the usual final exams with unified state ones. And a few years later it came to life. To this day, there is debate about the effectiveness of this method of monitoring the level of knowledge among graduates. Some people encourage this rating system, others condemn it. But, despite this, the experiment continues, and we will try to consider the main pros and cons in relation to the unified state exam.

Talking about advantages of the Unified State Exam it is necessary to remind about increasing the chances of admission to a higher educational institution for absolutely all graduates, regardless of their place of residence. This means that schoolchildren living, for example, in rural areas will have equal rights with urban graduates. Moreover, when preparing for the unified exams, it will make sense to master subjects better and of higher quality. Perhaps the most important advantage of the Unified State Exam is its objective approach to assessing a student’s knowledge when entering a university. The established passing grade allows the applicant to enroll in several faculties of one university at once or allows the submission of applications to several universities at the same time. Thus, with the entry into force of the unified exam, the flow of school graduates has increased significantly. And, therefore, it appeared due to the tightening of passing criteria. For example, the most prestigious universities now have their own entrance exams, which must be taken separately from the submitted Unified State Examination results.

Talking about disadvantages of the unified exam, many skeptics doubt the real objectivity of assessing mastery of material in a subject using tests. Since the correct answer to most questions can be found not with the help of exact knowledge, but by the method of “poke” or elimination, it turns out that the student’s ability to think logically is assessed and theoretical skills have nothing to do with it. As a result, with scores in hand as a final exam report, many graduates bring a numerical quotient of their intellectual abilities to the admissions committee.

There are also opinions that the assessment of knowledge in the field of social and humanities disciplines is not entirely adequate, because the test tasks presented on them are subject to discussion. If previously a graduate could tell theoretical material on these subjects, while expressing his own opinion on the problem, or conduct reasoning on this or that issue, now from several variations of answers it is necessary to choose one correct one. This method narrows the student’s ability to think broadly, which is so necessary in the future for writing coursework and dissertations at a university.

According to sociological research, it turned out that opponents of the Unified State Exam are mainly those who were not affected by this innovation - these are graduates of previous years, but their percentage is much smaller than those who advocate this form of school certification exam. However, today the methodology for conducting the Unified State Examination and the quality of its preparation are not yet at the highest level, most likely due to its relative novelty.

The experiment to introduce the Unified State Exam was first carried out in 2001. And since then, despite the fact that the Unified State Exam has become the only form of final and entrance exams since 2009, debate about its necessity has not subsided. Let's take a closer look at this problem and try to understand the disadvantages and advantages of the Unified State Exam.

Advantages.

Of course, the opportunity to take final and entrance exams at the same time is one of the main advantages of the Unified State Exam. Thus, a schoolchild from a remote outback, where the level of education leaves much to be desired, having successfully passed the Unified State Exam, can enter the best Russian universities. A graduate who has received a certificate with the results of his exams can apply to several universities at once, and for this he does not need to take exams in each.

Another equally important advantage is the objective assessment of test results. A broader rating system (100 points), instead of a five-point one, allows you to identify the best of the best.

In addition, it is believed that the Unified State Exam allows one to avoid corruption when entering universities, and the requirements for the exam, which are increasing from year to year, improve the quality of education and encourage graduates to introduce independent preparation for exams.

The advantages of the Unified State Exam are obvious, but there are also pitfalls here that cannot be ignored.

Flaws.

The Unified State Exam is a multiple-choice test. Thus, opponents of this system believe that a graduate can simply choose the correct answer at random or by process of elimination.

In addition, if in a mathematics exam the correct answer is clear in most cases, in tasks, for example, in literature or other humanities subjects, they are quite controversial and ambiguous. For many of them, in a traditional exam you can have a discussion to prove your opinion, but in the Unified State Exam you can choose only one option. Therefore, opponents of the Unified State Exam believe that tests, instead of a full-fledged exam, exclude the opportunity to prove their opinion, which affects thinking and logical skills.

However, supporters of the Unified State Exam insist that in every test there is a part “C”, in which the examinee needs to prove his position, his opinion.

Supporters of the Unified State Exam insist that the testing system helped avoid corruption when entering universities and taking final exams. But his opponents insist that corruption has not gone away, but has only moved to a new level. Some universities, when accepting the results of the Unified State Exam, arrange additional exams, during which, as they say, you can “get on your paw.”

In addition, every year during the exam period, messages appear every now and then that have already appeared on the Internet in unknown ways. It is not uncommon for teachers to take tests instead of their students.

And finally, the main argument against the Unified State Exam. In fact, during the testing of tests, it is assessed whether the examinees gave the correct answer or made a mistake. Thus, even an untalented graduate can successfully pass the exam simply by guessing the correct answers. At the same time, there are often cases when truly gifted, erudite children fail the exam. That is, it is impossible to test erudition using dry tests, and part “C” in the tests, which is so praised by supporters of the Unified State Exam, is unable to reveal the giftedness of a student.

The list of advantages and disadvantages of the Unified State Exam can be continued endlessly, and both are right in their own way. The Unified State Exam is, of course, a graduate’s main ticket to a prestigious university, where he can receive a truly high-quality education. But with all this, this system, despite all the improvements, has a number of its shortcomings.

Unified state exam at the present stage: advantages and disadvantages

The Unified State Exam (USE) is the main form of state (final) certification of school graduates in the Russian Federation.

Universities and colleges use the results of the Unified State Exam as the results of entrance tests. The Unified State Exam is conducted in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in foreign countries

for graduates of educational institutions at embassies, military units of the Russian Federation, etc. The Unified State Exam is organized and conducted by the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science (Rosobnadzor) together with the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that manage the field of education.

On behalf of Rosobrnadzor, the organizational and technological support for conducting the Unified State Exam at the federal level is handled by the Federal Testing Center, and the development and examination of KIM - the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements.

The objectives of the unified exam are:

Expanding the accessibility of higher education through the introduction of uniform exams for all graduates of secondary schools and their parallel participation in correspondence competitive selection for several universities at once;

Improving the system and practice of financing higher educational institutions on the basis of market competition between them for admitting the best students;

Reducing the psychological burden on graduates of general education institutions by eliminating entrance exams to universities;

Objectification and unification of requirements for general educational preparation of applicants to universities;

Stimulating the activities of teaching staff of general education institutions to improve the quality of the educational process through an objective and independent comparative assessment of the results of general education training of school graduates.

Discussions about the benefits and disadvantages of the Unified State Exam began from the moment of its introduction into the education system and continue to this day. Thus, the Unified State Exam has several advantages over other forms of control.

1. Objectivity.

Using the Unified State Exam as a final exam in high school and its results for admission to higher education institutions has a number of advantages over traditional oral and written exams. First of all, this is the objectivity of the assessment. In the Unified State Examination system there is no teacher who tests the graduate’s knowledge, i.e. the subjective moment (dislike for the student, interest in good performance, bad mood, teacher’s well-being, etc.) is excluded when assigning a grade. Thanks to standardization - a unified form of presentation of control and measuring materials (CMMs) and a unified method for processing the results obtained - a high level of objectivity in assessing the educational achievements of graduates is achieved.

2. Reliability.

The development of tests and analysis of test results in accordance with the principles of classical or modern test theories make it possible to ensure the accuracy and reliability of assessing the level of educational achievements. In order for this advantage of the Unified State Exam to be realized, CIMs must include test tasks that have been peer-reviewed and tested on a representative sample of subjects.

3. Credibility.

Test technologies can provide reliable results, free from falsification and distortion. One cannot but agree that “without ensuring the high reliability of the unified exam, without guarantees of its information security, it is impossible to gain confidence in the results of the Unified State Examination, which, of course, will sharply reduce the effectiveness of this innovation.”

There are a number of possibilities that can contribute to a decrease in reliability. This is declassification, setup, hint, manipulation.

To prevent declassification of CMMs, there is an information security system that protects test materials from premature access.

One possible method of protection is to create a large bank of calibrated test items and provide free access to this bank (for example, via the Internet or printed publications). Exposing students to a variety of bank assignments will allow them to be better prepared to take the test. For the exam itself, numerous test options are generated in computer mode from an existing bank of tasks (calibrated) individually for each test taker.

4. The advantage of the Unified State Exam is that an applicant from any part of the country can enter a leading university in the Russian Federation. Indeed, applicants can send admission documents by mail, then track their position in the rankings on the Internet sites of higher educational institutions. Thus, he can try to enter the most prestigious universities in the country.

In addition to the advantages, we can highlight a number of negative aspects of the Unified State Exam:

1. Inconsistency of state educational standards of secondary schools with the content of the Unified State Exam test materials in almost all subjects.

2. The presence of the human factor in the expert system for evaluating work. However, this factor, in my opinion, is insignificant, since each work is checked by two independent experts, and if the score does not match, the decision is made in favor of the student, and if the difference is more than 2 points, the work goes to the so-called “third” check - third expert.

3. High psychological tension of students, teachers, parents during the Unified State Exam.

4. Dissatisfaction with the content of CMM among the majority of higher education teaching staff and secondary school teachers.

But, despite all the controversy, the legality of the Unified State Exam in Russia was approved by the Supreme Court.

Thus, the introduction of the Unified State Exam and its evolution over almost 10 years shows that the world has accumulated a lot of experience in organizing control using modern means and methods. In my opinion, the introduction of the Unified State Exam is a progressive step in modern Russian education.

Such advantages of the Unified State Exam as a standardized method of testing, openness and transparency of the assessment system, its objectivity, and a practice-oriented focus on monitoring the knowledge and skills of schoolchildren cover the minor disadvantages we mentioned above. The Unified State Exam allows you to more objectively assess students' knowledge, expands the geography of applicants, and relieves children and parents from unnecessary worries and financial expenses.

legal regulation of the Unified State Examination

The main regulatory documents regulating the conduct of the Unified State Exam are the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 N 3266-1 “On Education” and Order of the Ministry of Education and Science No. 57 of February 24, 2009 (as amended by the orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of March 9, 2010 N 170, dated March 17, 2011 N 1370) “On approval of the Procedure for conducting a unified state exam.”

Based on these regulatory legal acts, the rules for organizing and conducting the unified state examination on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad are determined, including participants in the unified state examination, their rights and obligations, the procedure for checking examination papers, filing and considering appeals, organizing a system of public supervision and control.

The positive and negative aspects of the unified state exam have been discussed for more than one year. For many people, this is literally salvation; for others, it is an attempt to complicate the lives of students. As a rule, the most dissatisfaction is expressed by adherents of the Soviet system - parents, teachers and university professors. The majority of the younger generation is happy with the Unified State Exam, because it not only simplifies admission to anywhere in the country, but is also much easier in terms of preparation. Conflicting opinions raise a lot of doubts, which leads to the need to understand the Unified State Exam in more detail.

pros

Abolition of corruption. Now no one accuses teachers of bribery, and it is now much more difficult to bribe, even if you want to.
The Unified State Exam is valid for the entire country. This means that the knowledge of a student from the province and from the capital is equal. For this reason, it has become much easier for rural applicants to enroll in universities in other cities, including the most prestigious ones.
Equality. The results of the Unified State Examination are checked by a computer, which makes all graduates equal. Social status, privileges, and money will not help in any way when passing the Unified State Exam. The assessment is quite objective.
During the exam, there are cameras in the classroom, as well as “stubs” for phones that do not even allow you to simply access the Internet. Monitoring teachers walk through the rows and check to see if anyone has cheat sheets. In general, cheating has become almost impossible even for professionals.
The student chooses which subjects he wants to take. You can concentrate on the individual ones that are needed for admission, and those who are curious can test their knowledge on secondary ones.
Mobility. You can apply to a university from anywhere in the country, without coming to the desired city, but simply by using the post office.
Unified exam simplifies admission. The same documents are submitted to all universities, and new exams are not taken at each university separately.
Points received on the Unified State Exam and in the certificate are considered separately. They are not equated, which means that schooling remains important.
Opportunity to pass the exam for both A and C students.
Despite the fact that tests are considered a superficial assessment of knowledge, they cover many topics, so knowing just one will not help you pass the Unified State Exam. At the same time, the corrupt system of outdated exams allowed the student to learn only one ticket - one topic, which he answered upon admission. Or don't learn anything at all. Here again, the power of luck could act if the applicant accidentally came across a topic that he knows. In other words, tests allow you to test knowledge on all topics of the specialty, and the exam covers only one or two.

Minuses

Inability to test students' knowledge. The Unified State Exam does not provide an adequate assessment of knowledge. Using the textbooks on sale to prepare for the Unified State Exam, a graduate can, in principle, learn the correct answers. And already in his first year at the university, teachers notice that he knows nothing except separately memorized dates for the Unified State Exam tests.
Computer errors. You cannot completely trust your computer. Moreover, we are talking about a person’s handwriting. The letter must be written perfectly and exactly in the box, otherwise the computer will mistake it for an error, even if the answer is correct. This causes a lot of difficulties for applicants.
Often C grade students receive a higher grade on the Unified State Exam than excellent students. It's a matter of luck and knowledge. Knowledge of school textbooks may not help in the unified state exam, and therefore excellent students must prepare separately for the Unified State Exam. Relying on school knowledge and the grades they receive usually fails them. C students, on the contrary, understand that they cannot count on good teachers, and they train themselves in a couple of months to take such tests. As a result, it turns out that excellent students do not enroll, but C students receive top marks. That is, it’s all about the approach to the exam, and not the exam itself.
The level of knowledge is falling. Students entering university know much less than they previously did when taking exams. Therefore, from the first year, training begins from scratch. This is expensive for teachers.
Increasing the level of competition in universities due to nonresident applicants.
Intimidation of students begins almost from the first years of high school. Not only teachers, but also parents talk about the difficulty and impossibility of passing the Unified State Exam. In fact, this unified state exam is much simpler than ordinary exams, or at least not more difficult than them. Yes, warnings are necessary, but intimidation complicates learning rather than improves it.
Cheating on the Unified State Exam is quite difficult. And yet there have been cases of mass cheating. The reason for this was the lack of cameras, “stubs” on phones and the presence of loyal teachers who controlled the process. But it depends. Many students, hoping to cheat, even flew out of class without receiving any grade, simply because the teachers turned out to be strict.

In addition, teachers and students notice that the Unified State Examination contains many questions that are not related to school education. This kind of material is simply not in the school curriculum. However, this is not entirely a minus. Students must get used to the workload, and the textbooks on sale for preparing for the Unified State Exam include all the questions and material needed. So, if you wish, you can buy a couple of textbooks and not spend money on tutors.

Conclusion

The Unified State Exam greatly simplifies admission, expands the opportunities for ordinary rural applicants who are trying to get an education, and narrows the opportunities for the rich who want to get a diploma without basic knowledge.

Of course, everything has its flaws, and this system is not perfect. Many people complain that school grades and learning are becoming meaningless. Medals, awards, and even the certificate itself loses its value. But in reality this is not entirely true. Often during admission, controversial cases arise when two people with the same Unified State Exam scores apply for the same place. In this case, certificates and awards come into play. A student with great potential is enrolled in a university.

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Essay on the topic: “Unified State Exam: pros and cons”

Prepared by: Dmitry Smirnov, 11th grade

Head: Natalya Vladimirovna Lyozina

The problem of the Unified State Exam has been and remains one of the most discussed issues in Russian society. Four years have passed since the official approval of the unified state exam in our country, but disputes over the appropriateness of this introduction still continue. Some say that the Unified State Exam makes life easier for students, while others, on the contrary, believe that it causes even more trouble and hassle than the old Soviet final exams. Let's try to look at the problem from different angles. state educational exam

The goals of introducing a unified state exam in Russia were the fight against corruption and the opportunity to provide all students with equal conditions when passing final exams and when entering universities. President D.A. Medvedev comments on the problem: “Still, this system: a) is aimed against corruption; b) makes the delivery process itself much more transparent; c) this system equates those who study in the provinces, in the outback, with those who study in capital cities. This alone is its great progressive significance.”

It is worth noting that the delivery system and the exam itself are being improved every year. For example, this year it is strictly prohibited for examinees to have a mobile phone, and a system of “cross-checking” work is being introduced, which means that teachers from one region will check the work of another. The priority of the work on regulating the state exam is the process of reducing the number of multiple-choice questions, that is, as the Minister of Education of the Russian Federation A.A. Fursenko, pointing his finger at random, will no longer solve the problem. It turns out that the notorious “lottery moment” that critics have been discussing will eventually fade away. In general, we can say that the structure of the Unified State Exam regularly undergoes changes aimed at making the exam process more and more transparent.

However, despite the optimism of officials, many school and university teachers remain wary of the Unified State Examination. The main dissatisfaction with the new system is that the exam format, according to teachers, does not reveal the true knowledge of the graduate. The main thing is eliminated - verbal contact between the examinee and the examiner; the graduate does not have the opportunity to speak, defend his position, and not everyone is able to correctly express their thoughts on paper. It turns out to be a kind of “levelling”: essays and compositions are all written according to templates, in which there is practically no room for one’s own opinion. On the other hand, it makes life much easier for mediocre students. By clearly dividing the text into the necessary paragraphs and using standard phrases, they can easily earn a high score.

Another and perhaps the most serious problem is the fact that the Unified State Exam changes the priorities of students. Now the main goal of studying in graduate school is not to gain knowledge, but only to prepare for successfully passing the exam.

The students themselves also do not reach unity in their opinion about the state exam. On the one hand, the rules for conducting the Unified State Examination, which are becoming more and more stringent every year, the general nervous atmosphere, and pre-exam panic cannot leave anyone indifferent. In 2010, there were even several cases of teenage suicides due to low scores. However, one should not forget about the undeniable advantage of the exam: the applicant can submit the results obtained to several universities, which significantly increases his chances of admission.

Interestingly, this last fact upsets psychologists. They complain that this robs students of their sense of purpose. If previously children would choose in advance the educational institution in which they would like to study and stubbornly work towards enrolling, now more and more students are hoping that “maybe”, that they will be accepted somewhere.

Thus, the issue of the unified state exam in Russia still remains open. Despite the fact that the country's leadership has made it clear that there is no need to wait for an alternative to the Unified State Exam, it is too early to consider this problem solved. It is necessary to take into account the opinions of all interested layers of Russian society, to use the practice of general discussion of this issue, because only in this way will the state be able to reach a consensus with society, satisfy all its demands and make the system as transparent, efficient and effective as possible.

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