Code "okved section c" - manufacturing industries. Section C - Manufacturing Section c

Design and interior 21.08.2019

Section C included in All-Russian classifier types of economic activity in 2019 OKVED-2 includes:

physical and/or chemical treatment materials, substances or components for the purpose of converting them into new products, although this cannot be used as a single universal criterion for determining production (see "recycling" below).

Production will be not only the production of a finished product, but also the processing, alteration, renewal or transformation of materials, substances, transformed components, raw materials, as well as products of agriculture and forestry, fisheries, rocks and minerals and products of other manufacturing industries.

The manufacture of non-specialized components and parts of machinery and equipment, such as engines, pistons, electric motors, valves, gears, bearings, is classified in the appropriate grouping of Section C "Manufacturing", regardless of which machinery and equipment these items may be part of.

However, the production of specialized components and accessories by casting/molding or stamping of plastic materials includes the OKVED grouping 22.2. The assembly of component parts and parts is also referred to as production. This division includes the assembly of integral structures from constituent components, either self-produced or purchased.

Recycling, i.e. waste processing for the production of secondary raw materials was included in the OKVED grouping 38.3 (activities for the processing of secondary raw materials). While physical and chemical processing may take place, this is not considered part of manufacturing.

The primary purpose of these activities is the main processing or processing of waste, which is classified in section E (water supply; sewerage, waste management, pollution control activities).

However, the production of new finished products (as opposed to products made from recycled materials) refers to all production as a whole, even if waste is used in these processes. For example, the production of silver from film waste is considered a manufacturing process. Special maintenance and repair of industrial, commercial and similar machinery and equipment is generally classified under OKVED 33 (repair and installation of machinery and equipment).

However, the repair of computers and household appliances is listed under OKVED 95 (repair of computers, personal and household items), while car repairs are described under OKVED 45 (wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles).

Installation of machinery and equipment as a highly specialized activity is classified in the OKVED grouping 33.20

Note - The boundaries of manufacturing with other sections of this classifier may not have a clear unambiguous specification. As a rule, manufacturing industries involve the processing of materials to produce new products. Usually this is a completely new product. However, the definition of what is new products can be somewhat subjective

Processing implies the following types of activities involved in production and defined in this classifier:

processing of fresh fish (extraction of oysters from shells, filleting of fish) not carried out on board a fishing vessel, see OKVED code 10.20;

milk pasteurization and bottling, see NACE code 10.51;

dressing of leather, see OKVED code 15.11;

sawing and planing of wood; wood impregnation, see OKVED code 16.10;

printing and related activities, see OKVED code 18.1;

tire retreading, see OKVED code 22.11;

production of ready-to-use concrete mixtures, see OKVED code 23.63;

electroplating, metallization and heat treatment of metal, see OKVED code 25.61;

mechanical equipment for repair or overhaul (e.g. motor vehicle engines), see 29.10

There are also activities included in the processing process, which are reflected in other sections of the classifier, i.e. they are not classified as manufacturing.

These include:

logging, see section A;

modification of agricultural products classified in section A;

preparation of food products for immediate consumption on premises, classified in OKVED class 56 (activities of catering establishments and bars);

beneficiation of ore and other minerals, see section B;

construction and assembly work carried out on construction sites, see section F;

breaking down large quantities of goods into small groups and re-marketing smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging or bottling of products such as alcoholic beverages or chemicals;

sorting solid waste;

mixing paints according to the client's order;

cutting of metals according to the client's order;

for explanations of the various products, see section G.

Section C contains the following classes:

OKVED class 10 - Food production

OKVED class 11 - Beverage production

OKVED class 12 - Manufacture of tobacco products

OKVED class 13 - Manufacture of textile products

OKVED class 14 - Manufacture of clothing

OKVED class 15 - Manufacture of leather and leather goods

OKVED class 16 - Woodworking and production of products from wood and cork, except for furniture, production of products from straw and materials for plaiting

OKVED class 17 - Manufacture of paper and paper products

OKVED class 18 - Printing and copying of information media

OKVED class 19 - Manufacture of coke and petroleum products

OKVED class 20 - Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products

OKVED class 21 - Manufacture of medicines and materials used for medical purposes

OKVED class 22 - Manufacture of rubber and plastic products

OKVED class 23 - Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products

OKVED class 24 - Metallurgical production

OKVED class 25 - Manufacture of finished metal products, except for machinery and equipment

OKVED class 26 - Manufacture of computers, electronic and optical products

OKVED class 27 - Manufacture of electrical equipment

OKVED class 28 - Manufacture of machinery and equipment not included in other groups

Physical and/or chemical processing of materials, substances or components to transform them into new products, although this cannot be used as a single universal criterion for determining production (see below "recycling")

Materials, substances or transformed components are raw materials, i.e. products Agriculture, forestry, fisheries, rocks and minerals and products of other manufacturing industries. Significant periodic changes, updates or transformations of products are considered to be related to production.

The manufactured product may be ready for consumption or may be a semi-finished product for further processing. For example, an aluminum refining product is used as a raw material for the primary production of aluminum products, such as aluminum wire, which in turn will be used in the necessary structures; production of machinery and equipment for which these spare parts and accessories are intended. The manufacture of non-specialized components and parts of machinery and equipment, such as engines, pistons, electric motors, valves, gears, bearings, is classified in the appropriate grouping of Section C "Manufacturing", regardless of which machinery and equipment these items may be part of. However, the manufacture of specialized components and accessories by molding/molding or stamping of plastic materials is classified under 22.2. The assembly of component parts and parts is also referred to as production. This division includes the assembly of integral structures from constituent components, either self-produced or purchased. Recycling, i.e. processing of waste for the production of secondary raw materials was included in group 38.3 (processing of secondary raw materials). While physical and chemical processing may take place, this is not considered part of manufacturing. The primary purpose of these activities is the main processing or processing of waste, which is classified in section E (water supply; sewerage, waste management, pollution control activities). However, the production of new finished products (as opposed to products made from recycled materials) refers to all production as a whole, even if waste is used in these processes. For example, the production of silver from film waste is considered a manufacturing process. Special maintenance and repair of industrial, commercial and similar machinery and equipment are generally classified under (repair and installation of machinery and equipment). However, repair of computers, household appliances is listed under (repair of computers, personal and household items), while repair of automobiles is described under the group (wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles). Installation of machinery and equipment as a highly specialized activity is classified in group 33.20

Processing implies the following types of activities involved in production and defined in this classifier:

Processing of fresh fish (extraction of oysters from shells, filleting of fish) not carried out on board a fishing vessel, see 10.20;

There are also activities included in the processing process, which are reflected in other sections of the classifier, i.e. they are not classified as manufacturing.

These include:

Loggings classified in

This section includes:

Materials, substances or transformed components are raw materials, i.e. products of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, rocks and minerals and products of other manufacturing industries. Significant periodic changes, updates or transformations of products are considered to be related to production.

The manufactured product may be ready for consumption or may be a semi-finished product for further processing. For example, an aluminum refining product is used as a raw material for the primary production of aluminum products, such as aluminum wire, which in turn will be used in the necessary structures; production of machinery and equipment for which these spare parts and accessories are intended. The manufacture of non-specialized components and parts of machinery and equipment, such as engines, pistons, electric motors, valves, gears, bearings, is classified in the appropriate grouping of Section C "Manufacturing", regardless of which machinery and equipment these items may be part of. However, the manufacture of specialized components and accessories by molding/molding or stamping plastic materials is classified in 22.2. The assembly of component parts and parts is also referred to as production. This division includes the assembly of integral structures from constituent components, either self-produced or purchased. Recycling, i.e. processing of waste for the production of secondary raw materials was included in group 38.3 (processing of secondary raw materials). While physical and chemical processing may take place, this is not considered part of manufacturing. The primary purpose of these activities is the main processing or processing of waste, which is classified in section E (water supply; sewerage, waste management, pollution control activities). However, the production of new finished products (as opposed to products made from recycled materials) refers to all production as a whole, even if waste is used in these processes. For example, the production of silver from film waste is considered a manufacturing process. Special maintenance and repair of industrial, commercial and similar machinery and equipment are generally classified under (repair and installation of machinery and equipment). However, repair of computers, household appliances is listed under (repair of computers, personal and household items), while repair of automobiles is described under the group (wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles). Installation of machinery and equipment as a highly specialized activity is classified in group 33.20

Processing implies the following types of activities involved in production and defined in this classifier:

Processing of fresh fish (extraction of oysters from shells, filleting of fish) not carried out on board a fishing vessel, see 10.20;

Milk pasteurization and bottling, see 10.51;

Dressing of leather, see 15.11;

Sawing and planing of wood; wood impregnation, see 16.10;

Printing and related activities, see 18.1;

Tire retreading, see 22.11;

Manufacture of ready-to-use concrete mixtures, see 23.63;

Electroplating, plating and heat treatment of metal, see 25.61;

Mechanical equipment for repair or overhaul (e.g. motor vehicle engines), see 29.10

There are also activities included in the processing process, which are reflected in other sections of the classifier, i.e. they are not classified as manufacturing.

These include:

Logging classified in Section A (AGRICULTURAL, FORESTRY, HUNTING, FISHING AND FISH CULTURE);

Modification of agricultural products classified in section A ;

Preparation of foodstuffs for immediate consumption on the premises, classified in group 56 (activities of catering establishments and bars);

Processing of ores and other minerals classified in Section B (MINING);

Construction and assembly work carried out on construction sites classified in section F (CONSTRUCTION);

Breaking down large quantities of goods into small groups and re-marketing smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging or bottling of products such as alcoholic beverages or chemicals;

Sorting of solid waste;

Mixing paints according to the client's order;

Cutting of metals according to the client's order;

Explanation of the various goods classified under section G (Wholesale and retail trade; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTORCYCLES)

16 - Woodworking and manufacture of articles of wood and cork, except furniture, manufacture of articles of straw and materials for plaiting

This section includes:

The manufactured product may be ready for consumption or may be a semi-finished product for further processing. For example, an aluminum refining product is used as a raw material for the primary production of aluminum products, such as aluminum wire, which in turn will be used in the necessary structures; production of machinery and equipment for which these spare parts and accessories are intended. The manufacture of non-specialized components and parts of machinery and equipment, such as engines, pistons, electric motors, valves, gears, bearings, is classified in the appropriate grouping of Section C "Manufacturing", regardless of which machinery and equipment these items may be part of. However, the manufacture of specialized components and accessories by molding/molding or stamping plastic materials is classified in 22.2. The assembly of component parts and parts is also referred to as production. This division includes the assembly of integral structures from constituent components, either self-produced or purchased. Recycling, i.e. waste processing for the production of secondary raw materials was included in the OKVED grouping 38.3 (activities for the processing of secondary raw materials). While physical and chemical processing may take place, this is not considered part of manufacturing. The primary purpose of these activities is the main processing or processing of waste, which is classified in section E (water supply; sewerage, waste management, pollution control activities). However, the production of new finished products (as opposed to products made from recycled materials) refers to all production as a whole, even if waste is used in these processes. For example, the production of silver from film waste is considered a manufacturing process. Special maintenance and repair of industrial, commercial and similar machinery and equipment is generally classified in group 33 (repair and installation of machinery and equipment). However, repair of computers, household appliances is classified under group 95 (repair of computers, personal and household items), while repair of automobiles is classified under group 45 (wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles). The installation of machinery and equipment as a highly specialized activity is classified in the OKVED group 33. twenty

Processing implies the following types of activities involved in production and defined in this classifier:

Processing of fresh fish (extraction of oysters from shells, filleting of fish) not carried out on board a fishing vessel, see OKVED 10.20;

Milk pasteurization and bottling, see OKVED 10.51;

Sawing and planing of wood; wood impregnation, see OKVED 16.10;

Printing and related activities, see OKVED 18.1;

Tire retreading, see OKVED 22.11;

Manufacture of ready-to-use concrete mixtures, see OKVED 23.63;

Electroplating, metallization and heat treatment of metal, see OKVED 25.61;

Mechanical equipment for repair or overhaul (e.g. motor vehicle engines), see 29.10

There are also activities included in the processing process, which are reflected in other sections of the classifier, i.e. they are not classified as manufacturing.

These include:

Logging classified in Section A (AGRICULTURAL, FORESTRY, HUNTING, FISHING AND FISH CULTURE);

Modification of agricultural products classified in section A;

Preparation of foodstuffs for immediate consumption on the premises, classified in group 56 (activities of catering establishments and bars);

Processing of ores and other minerals classified in Section B (MINING);

Construction and assembly work carried out on construction sites classified in section F (CONSTRUCTION);

Breaking down large quantities of goods into small groups and re-marketing smaller lots, including packaging, repackaging or bottling of products such as alcoholic beverages or chemicals;

Sorting of solid waste;

Mixing paints according to the client's order;

Cutting of metals according to the client's order;

Explanation of the various goods classified under section G (Wholesale and retail trade; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTORCYCLES)

Novice users often have no idea at all about their hard disk partitions and hard drive logical drives. At first, this does not interfere with their work on the computer at all, although it does not allow them to use it more productively. But sometimes you have to deal with more responsible things, and then ignorance simple rules can turn into serious problems, up to the complete inoperability of the operating system and the loss of important data.

In fact, it is enough to remember a few simple things and keep this information in mind during any actions with hard disk partitions.

What is a section

I'll start with the fact that the new, freshly bought HDD completely unsuitable for work pre-training. In order to be able to save data to it and read them, for this data you must first create special "storages" - partitions, and prepare these "storages" for "storage" and storage of your files - format, i.e. create on them file system. Once at least one partition has been created and formatted, it can already be used.

Sometimes it happens that the hard drive has only one partition that occupies the entire hard drive. Especially often this can be observed in newcomers who have just bought a computer. This option is the simplest, but also the most unsuccessful, because. and the operating system and your data are stored in one place, and in case of any problems with the operating system, or when reinstalling the OS, you risk losing everything at once.

More practical is the option when the hard drive is divided into several partitions - at least two. The operating system itself is on one partition, and your files are stored on the other. In this case, in case of problems or reinstallation of the operating system, only the partition on which it was installed will suffer. Everything else will remain untouched.

In addition, the division into several sections will allow you to more conveniently organize the storage of files - you can, for example, allocate a separate section for music or video if you have a lot of them; or if you often work with torrents, you can allocate a separate piece of your hard drive for them.

It also simplifies computer maintenance - for example, it is much easier and faster to defragment several relatively small partitions in turn than one huge piece. Similarly - and with scanning of a disk by an antivirus.

In general, we figured it out with convenience - here everyone is free to contrive to the best of their needs. However, there are a few simple rules, the violation of which is fraught with complete data loss.

I'll start in order.

Rule #1

Just one hard drive can have no more than 4 main sections Less is possible, more is not. These requirements do not depend on any operating system - they are dictated by the current level of development of the computer's electronic filling. And you won't be able to overcome them. If more than 4 sections are required, then another rule comes into force.

I mentioned MAIN sections for a reason - it's not just a word, it means one of two types of sections. In addition to the main one, the section can also be additional (extended). And in this regard, the rule about 4 partitions is somewhat transformed - on one hard disk there can be up to 4 main sections, or up to 3 main sections plus one additional(there can be only one extended partition on a disk).

What does this give us? The fact is that an additional (extended) partition, in fact, is a container inside which you can create an UNLIMITED number of logical disks. And for the user there will be absolutely no difference between working with the main partition and working with a logical disk. Thus, by creating an extended partition and logical disks inside it, we can divide the hard drive according to our needs as we need.

Please note that if you delete an extended partition, all logical drives included in it will also disappear.

Rule #2

One of the sections is required it should be active (in Linux - have the flag boot). It is on it that the boot files that will run the operating system are located. At the same time, the system itself can be located in another place, but the files from which its launch begins are only there.

Most often, the first partition of the hard disk becomes active (disk C:/ on Windows), but this is not required. In addition, you can always manually reassign any other main partition as active, but you should not forget to move the boot files there too, otherwise the operating system will not start.

Rule #3

If you are going to install several operating systems on one computer, then each of them should be installed in a separate partition ( theoretically, you can put it in one, but subsequent problems after that cannot be avoided). Operating systems of the Windows family can only be installed on primary partitions. Accordingly, if you are going to install two Windows in multiboot mode, then they will take up two main sections from you. Linux operating systems do not have this limitation and can be installed anywhere.

File systems

Before you can use a partition, you need to format it - create a file system on it (mark it in a special way).

There are a fairly large number of file systems now, and all have different characteristics.

Operating systems of the Windows family can only work with FAT, FAT32 and NTFS file systems.

FAT is a very outdated system, and its use today is hardly justified. FAT32 more modern, but has serious limitations. that hinder its full use. For example, the maximum file size that FAT32 supports is about 4 GB. That is why, if you try, for example, to copy an image of a full DVD disc to a flash drive ( which are formatted in FAT32 by default) You will receive a message about the lack of free space, although in fact there is still plenty of space. Because of this, it is practically impossible to use it on partitions where video is being processed ( and under the section with torrents it is problematic to use).

The best choice for working under Windows today would be the file system NTFS. It does not have such restrictions as FAT32, has additional security features, is more stable and reliable.

For UNIXs, which includes Linux, there are many more file systems. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages and is more suitable for certain tasks. The default on Linux is ext4, but you can use any other. You can easily find information on which of the Linux file systems is most suitable for your tasks on the Internet.

A few words about compatibility

Windows does not understand any other file systems than its own. Access from under it to Linux partitions was possible only with the help of special programs or a plugin for Total Commander. Unfortunately, a plug-in for Windows has not yet been written for the most modern Linux file systems.

Linux, on the other hand, has always understood FAT and FAT32 perfectly, and in the last 2-3 years it has been working with NTFS without problems through a special driver. NTFS-3g, both for reading and for writing. Plus, it supports most of the additional features of NTFS. So from Linux you will always have full access to Windows partitions.

Mention should be made of various household appliances - DVD players, satellite receivers, etc. All this technique can only work with FAT and FAT32. NTFS, and even more so UNIX file systems ( with extremely rare exceptions) is completely incomprehensible to her. This should be remembered if you exchange data between such equipment and a computer.

Tools for the job

A few words about the tools for working with partitions.

I'll start with Windows. Includes standard tool Disk Management. It can be reached via Control Panel or by right-clicking on the icon My computer => Manage and selecting in the left column Disk Management.

Note that three partitions in the screenshot are marked as unknown partitions. These are partitions with Linux - Windows sees them, but it can neither determine nor even work with them.

also in Disk management you can clearly see the main and additional sections, as well as the active section ( tagged as System- it contains download files; the OS itself is installed in the partition marked as - i.e. Windows swaps labels). Of all the features, this tool provides only creating and deleting partitions, as well as reassigning the active partition and changing the drive letter ( functionality has increased slightly in Vista and Windows 7). If nothing else was at hand, then sometimes this is enough.

Important to remember , what Disk Management- the tool is inconvenient, poorly functional and extremely dangerous, especially in inexperienced hands. It is assumed that the user who uses it knows exactly what he is doing, because. any changes are applied immediately, without question, and it is impossible to see in advance what certain actions will lead to.

Therefore, I advise you to use it only in extreme cases.

Much more opportunities, convenience and security have various programs from the cohort Partition Magic-ov, for example, . There are a fairly large number of such programs, all of them are different and in last years many of them have changed owners-developers and changed their name. Therefore, if you decide to pick up one of them for yourself, you will have to attend to an independent search on the wide expanses of the Internet. This is not difficult, especially since the leaders in this area can be counted on the fingers.

Acronis Disk Director Suite

In my opinion ( exclusively on mine - because. many may have a different opinion on this matter), the most powerful and convenient program for working with a hard disk and partitions is .

The program is Russian (although occasionally its variants come across with English language) and is very easy to handle. At the same time, it fully provides the full range of possible operations with a hard disk. In addition, almost all your actions on sections occur without losing the information that is on them.

All operations that you carry out on sections are instantly displayed in a graphical form so that everything can be evaluated visually. But the actions themselves are not performed at the same time - only after you evaluate everything yourself, and the result completely and completely satisfies you, you can press the button " Apply". Up to this point, you can undo all actions step by step.

If several hard drives are connected to the computer, all of them will be shown in the program window - one above the other. Primary partitions are marked with green flags, and the active partition is marked with a red flag.

In addition, when starting Acronis Disk Director Suite offers a choice of two modes of operation - automatic, in which all operations can be carried out with the help of "masters", and manual mode, in which all power is at the mercy of the user. The second mode, IMHO, is more convenient and flexible, but beginners can also use the automatic one.

Also in the program there is a complete and very detailed help.

One more possibility should be mentioned - from the program window you can create and burn a special boot disk that will contain files Acronis Disk Director Suite. This thing is very convenient and extremely useful in the household - after all, having this disk, there is no need to install the program itself and even the presence of an operating system. From this disk, you can boot your computer and perform any operations with partitions.

Now about the unpleasant. It lies in the fact that the program is relatively rarely updated, so sometimes situations arise when it cannot work with the most modern hard drives. This is more about its version on the boot disk, because. if Acronis Disk Director Suite installed in the operating system, then it will use the drivers from the Windows kit to work with the disk. She also has some problems with Unix file systems - she does not understand the most modern file systems ( You can see it in the screenshot below.), although it works "with a bang" with the old classic ones.

Came out the other day a new version Acronis Disk Director Suite for English-speaking users (there is no new Russian version yet), which already works without any problems with the newest hard drives. But the problems with modern Unix file systems in it have not yet been resolved.

GParted

Another powerful and versatile tool for working with a hard drive is a program GParted from the Linux box.

It can be found on almost all Linux Live-CDs.

The story about the possibilities of the program can be fit in one phrase: "Almost everything can." The interface is simple and unpretentious, and the work is absolutely transparent and understandable. All your actions are also first displayed visually, and are performed only after pressing a special button, when you decide that everything suits you.

Besides, GParted supports a much larger number of file systems, including the most modern ones.

If you have several hard drives, only one will be shown in the program window at a time. To work with others, use the drop-down list on the panel (on the right), which lists all connected hard drives.

GParted cannot work with partitions that are currently mounted (there will be a warning icon next to such a partition). To perform any actions with such partitions, they must first be unmounted.

A few notes about the programs that are included in the installers of operating systems and can be used when installing the OS.

When installing Windows, all partitions of the hard disk will be seen exactly the same, without dividing into basic and extended. The differences will be only in marks and sizes, and it is extremely easy to get confused. Therefore, it is advisable to use it only if you are installing an operating system on a new hard drive for the first time. If your disk has already been used, and there is some information on it, it is best to take care of everything in advance in a third-party program, and reduce the actions in the installer only to selecting the desired partition and formatting (if necessary).

The situation is similar when installing Linux. Although everything is defined correctly there, it is not displayed very clearly, and the work is less transparent than in the same GParted.

So it’s best to create partitions of the right size in the right place before installation and format them into any Linux file system, and when installing the OS, ignoring the proposed automatic options and choosing manual partitioning, simply mount them in the right places and change the file system to another if necessary , by simply putting a "tick" in the column Format in front of their sections.

For greater clarity, I recommend carefully studying the screenshots to the article ( screenshots are clickable - when you click on them, full-size pictures will open in separate tabs). I draw your attention to the fact that everywhere is depicted THE SAME hard disk, only in different programs. This disk contains two Operating Systems in multiboot mode - Windows and Linux, which coexist quite peacefully on one computer. Each of the operating systems is allocated 3 sections ( separation is not perfect, but quite acceptable). Carefully review what and how it looks in each of the programs.