How to solve a rubik's cube with one side assembled. How to solve a rubik's cube in layers

How to forget about incomprehensible diagrams and solve the Rubik's cube according to the scheme for beginners - read our article if you still cannot solve the puzzle without getting upset. Now we will try to tell in detail and explain how to do it in order to surprise ourselves, friends and relatives.

What is a Rubik's Cube?

• The original idea behind the magic cube was to teach students the mathematical theory of groups. So in the 1970s, the Hungarian architect Erno Rubik created a mechanical tool that was a learning cube for understanding three-dimensional models and moving independent parts.
• Later a short time came to the magic patented cube great glory. They were interested in people of different professions and from different countries. So, in the 1980s, the whole world knew about him, he won many competitions and was awarded all kinds of prizes.
• The mechanism includes an inner and outer part. The inner one is a figure consisting of three connected cylinders. External - fastened to the internal mechanism of the face, which in turn consist of squares.
• By rotating the edges of the faces in different sides, you can solve the Rubik's cube. After many years, many people worked on the magic cube, as a result of which many techniques were created. Now there are even some algorithms, using which you can quickly assemble a cube.
• The cube consists of three elements: centers - 4 , angles - 8 and ribs - 12 .

Solve the puzzle

If you have set yourself the task of solving a puzzle, then after reading the article it will become easy. But if you do not know how this most mysterious cube works, what it consists of and how it functions, the task becomes much more complicated.

You will learn how to solve the Rubik's Cube according to the scheme for beginners in Russian below, but remember that you should not underestimate the complexity of the presented puzzle.

An ordinary rubik 3x3 is a small mechanical 3D cube, the sides of which are painted in different colors (blue, green, white, yellow, red, orange).

Let's take a look at the particles of the cube. Let's start with the central element, it is one on each side. It can be rotated around its axis, but always each of them remains in place in the "correct" position. There are a little more corner elements - 8, and they have three different colors. We must not forget about 12 edges with several different colors located between the corners.

It turns out only 20 particles that can be moved, and the solution of the problem depends entirely on knowing the correct change in their position.

If you start to rotate one side, you can see the central elements, or rather, how they do not move, the edge becomes where it should be, and the corner - in its place.

So, here are the main elements of the Rubik's Cube:

• Cube centers- 6 pcs. This item has just one sticker of one color. The centers of the cube do not move relative to each other.
• Cube edges- 12 pcs. The edge elements of the cube have two colors.
• Cube corners- 8 pcs. Corner elements have stickers in three colors.
• Facets of a Rubik's Cube- these are its nine elements that can be rotated simultaneously.
• cube frame, on which the central elements of the faces are fixed. If you disassemble the cube mechanically, the cross and central elements will remain intact, and you can collect the rest of the elements on them.

In total, there are 20 moving elements in the Rubik's cube (12 edge and 8 corner), since the central elements do not move relative to each other, we did not count them. Although, of course, they can move on the frame around the axis.

Assembly sequence

1. Cross of the upper edge.
2. The top edge is complete.
3. middle layer.
4. Placement of edge cubes of the last face in their places.
5. Orientation of the side cubes - assembling the cross of the last face.
6. Arranging the corner cubes of the last face in their places.
7. Orientation of the corner cubes of the last face and, as a result, the assembly of the last face and the entire cube.

Rotation language

In order to understand the formulas used for assembly, you need to become familiar with the language of rotations.

The language of rotations is a special notation for the movements of the faces of the cube, with which you can write down any algorithm, solution or scramble (a sequence of moves that confuse the cube).

• F - front - front side
• B - back - back side
• L - left - left side
• R - right - right side
• U - up - top side
• D - down - bottom side
• Fw (f) - front side with middle layer
• Bw (b) - back side with middle layer
• Lw (l) - left side together with the middle layer
• Rw (r) - right side along with the middle layer
• Uw (u) - top side with middle layer
• Dw (d) - bottom side with middle layer

There are also rarer movements that are almost never used in assemblies:

• M - middle - the middle layer, located between the right (R) and left (L) sides
• S - standing - the middle layer located between the front (F) and back (B) sides
• E - equatorial - the middle layer located between the upper (U) and lower (D) sides

In addition to rotations of the faces of the cube, there are notations that indicate changes in the position of the cube in space.

These movements are called intercepts:

• x - the whole cube rotates away from itself along a plane coinciding with the right (R) and left (L) layers (F turns into U)
• x' - the whole cube rotates towards itself along the plane coinciding with the right (R) and left (L) layers (F turns into D)
• y - the whole cube rotates clockwise in a horizontal plane (F turns into L)
• y' - the whole cube rotates counterclockwise in the horizontal plane (F becomes R)
• z - the whole cube rotates clockwise in the frontal plane (U becomes R)
• z' - the whole cube rotates counterclockwise in the frontal plane (U becomes L)

Dice moves and interceptions are recorded according to the following rules:

• If only a letter is written, we turn the side clockwise, as if we were looking at the face in the face
• If there is a dash “’” after the letter, we turn the side counterclockwise, as if we were looking at the face in the face
• If there is a “2” after the letter, we twist this side 180 degrees. If there is still a prime, for example U2′, then this means that in this algorithm it is more convenient to rotate U2 counterclockwise.

Formulas in Russian

Assembly algorithms (processes), as we have already said, are recorded using formulas. The faces of the cube in the formulas are denoted by letters according to the initial Russian letters of the names of the faces. Naturally, Latin designations are also used, but now we will focus on Russian ones.

• F - facade
• T - rear
• P - right side
• L - left side
• B - top
• H - bottom

You yourself determine which face of the cube at any given moment is considered the facade, that is, facing you. It depends on the current situation. You need to understand that the central cubes determine the color of the face, which means that 6 cubes, even in a disassembled (mixed up) Rubik's cube, are already in place. A 90° turn clockwise is denoted as follows: F, T, R, L, V, N. In order to indicate a 90 ° counterclockwise rotation, a stroke is used: F’, T’, P’, L’, B’, H’.

C - this letter indicates the rotation of the middle layer by 90 ° clockwise. C' - respectively, counterclockwise rotation. A standard process entry might look like this: NPF'P'.

This formula is executed as follows:

1. Rotate the bottom face 90° clockwise.
2. Rotate the right side 90° clockwise, i.e. away from you.
3. Rotate the front face 90° counterclockwise.
4. Rotate the right side 90° counterclockwise, i.e. towards itself.

We will talk more about recording processes in the build steps. In addition, you will need the formulas if you are interested in other ways to solve the cube.

How to quickly and easily solve the Rubik's cube: the main rules

• It is necessary to rotate not only the color sectors, but also the cube itself.
• You need to focus on the central figures.
• In the original version, yellow is always opposite white, orange is always opposite red, and green is always opposite blue.
• You need to move the middle and corner sectors, in accordance with the colors of the central figures.
• Each new move creates a new corner and center segment.
• The centers do not change, in whatever confusing position you put the cube, it will always be white at the top, yellow at the bottom, green in front, blue at the back, red at the right, and orange at the left.
• Rib elements have two stickers, and corner elements have three.
• Since the color fragments do not change their position, the cube will always be assembled in the same way.
• There are ribs comfortable looking left and right, and uncomfortable- located at the bottom or at the top. There are also ribs that stand in place or under the cross.

We train! The first formula called "four"

1. Find the Corner with the colors red-blue-yellow. Take the cube so that this corner is on the top right. Pay attention to the center of the cube, which is facing you (we have it yellow).
2. R' D' R D - do this combination and look at the result. Our corner is down. The yellow (in our case) center is still looking at us - keep it up.
3. R' D' R D - do this combination again and look at the result again. Our corner jumped up, but now it's twisted with other colors.
4. Conclusion: the corner jumps up and down and turns in different colors. If we do the combination 4 more times, we will come to the original situation. Try it!

Assembling the puzzle

Stage 1: You need to collect the yellow cross on the top face

1. Attention! Not just a yellow cross at the top, but the correct arrangement of the edges, taking into account the other centers of the cube.
2. Let's start with the Yellow-Blue Rib. Let's find it first. We hold the cube blue towards us, yellow towards the top.
3. The first step is to move the edge down so that it is on the bottom face. In our case, do R.
4. The second step is to align the edge now at the bottom with the blue center of the cube. Make D'.
5. The third step is to lift the rib into place. To do this, you need to do F2. Now our edge is in place, but..
6. There could be such a situation when the edge is “opposite”, in order to deploy it, you need to do F U ’ R U.
7. We turn the cube with the next (red) center towards us and collect the Yellow-Red edge. Everything is similar. Then Yellow-Green and Yellow-Orange.
8. You have collected several ribs, and the next one is in such a way that by lowering it, we will break the top. Combination: R' D' R is the same, just with the right side returned to its place.

Stage 2: put the corners on the top layer in place

1. The result to be achieved at this stage. All corners and edges of the upper face are in place.
2. Let's start with the Yellow-Red-Blue corner. Hold the yellow center at the top and look for it. The first option - our corner is at the bottom.
3. The second option - our corner is at the top. Let's take the cube so that the corner looks at us and is on the right. We lower the corner down with the already known combination R 'D' R D.
4. We twist the bottom so that the desired angle becomes under its place, as in Fig. Then we do R 'D' R D from 1 to 5 times until the corner is in its place correctly. Next is the next corner.

So, the strategy of the second stage: lower the desired element down, twist the bottom so that the element fits into its place, raise the element up into its place with one of the formulas.

Step 3: Assemble the middle layer of the Rubik's Cube. We put 4 ribs in their places in the middle layer.

1. Result of stage 3. We need to place only 4 edges in their places.
2. Let's flip the cube. Now the collected yellow face is at the bottom, and at the top is the white center. So we will keep until the end of the assembly.
3. Let's find an edge at the top that has NO white sticker on it, for example, Green-Orange. Twist the center so that the green sticker of our edge coincides with the green center.
4. It is possible that the green sticker cannot match, then match the Orange sticker with the Orange Center. Those. we have 2 options.
5. U ' L ' U L, U F U ' F ' - the edge jumps down and to the left - to its place.
6. U R U' R', U' F' U F - the edge jumps down and to the right - into place.
7. A typical situation is that the desired edge is already in its place, but rotated incorrectly. Then we make the formula from step 5, 6 - and “knock out” the edge from its place.
8. Our edge will jump up and you can already do everything to put it in its place correctly.

The strategy of this stage: we are looking for the desired edge, by turning the top we position it correctly, we put the edge in its place with one of the formulas. We do this algorithm for all 4 edges. Attention! When assembling the second layer, the first layer (bottom) is kept assembled!

Step 4: Assemble the "wrong" white cross on the last layer.

1. F R U R ' U ' F ' - 1, 2 or 3 times.
2. Our goal is to collect a "white cross" (a cross is 5 stickers, except for the corner ones).
3. The transition from the previous situation to the next is done by the SAME formula. F R U R’ U’ F’.

What to do!? I collected 2 layers, but on the third layer, none of the situations work for me. This should not happen on a normal cube. This means that your cube was taken apart mechanically and put back together incorrectly. Take the cube apart, put it back together correctly, and start again.

Stage 5. We make the "correct" white cross.

1. The result to be achieved in this step. The top ribs match the colors of the centers.
2. Rotate the top layer so that any TWO edges match in color with the centers from the middle layer. One of two situations can happen.
3. Two opposite edges fall into place (we have white-blue and white-green), the other two need to be swapped. R U R’ U R U2 R’
4. Two assembled edges stand at an angle, the other two need to be swapped with a combination, while holding the cube so that the corner * looks away from you and to the right R U R ’ U R U2 R ’ U.

Stage 6. We place the corners of the top layer in their places.

We have only 4 corner elements that are not assembled on the upper face. Consider the cube, perhaps one of the centers is already in place. It doesn't matter how the corners are turned, only their location matters.

1. U R U’ L’ U R’ U’ L - make this combination, and one of the cubes will definitely fall into place.
2. One corner is in its place. The rest need to be swapped by moving each of them counterclockwise, or clockwise
3. Option 1. Three unassembled edges move counterclockwise and fall into place. We hold the collected angle towards us and to the right U R U ’ L ’ U R ’ U ’ L
4. Option 2. Three unassembled ribs move clockwise and fall into place. With the collected angle we hold to ourselves and to the left U ' L ' U R U ' L U R '.

Frequent question at this stage: THE FORMULA IS INCORRECT! This scheme has been around for many years, everything has been tested a thousand times, all schemes and formulas are working, we guarantee! Be careful before executing the formula, read under the formula what color you need to keep the cube towards you. Pay close attention to the previous tips.

Stage 7. Final! We unfold the corners with the right colors.

All the corners are in place, you just need to turn them around. It's very simple - one short formula will help us. Yes, the same “four” R ’ D ’ R D. At this step, only attentiveness is important, and you also need to hold the cube correctly.

1. R 'D' R D - hold the cube so that the corner looks at you and is on the right. We do the “four” 2 or 4 times until the corner turns around.
2. The corner turned. But the cube "collapsed" - do not panic, it should be so. Turn the top - now you have the next corner in front of you. Attention!!! We keep the cube itself all the time with the red center towards us, the white one - up.
3. R ' D ' R D - in front of you is the next corner. Again we unfold it with the “four”. If it so happens that the next corner is already assembled correctly, then just turn the top ONE TIME and assemble the next corner.
4. When you unfold all 4 corners with the correct colors, it will small miracle- the remaining elements of the cube will fall into place! Do not rush, hold the cube correctly, turn the formula to the end.

Designations of sides and language of rotations in Russian letters

First of all, let's agree on a notation system. The faces of a cube are denoted by letters F, T, R, L, V, N- in the initial letters of the words facade, rear, right, left, top, bottom. Which face of the cube is considered to be the front face - blue, green, etc. - depends on you and on the resulting situation. During the assembly process, you will have to mistake one or another face for the facade, which is convenient for this case. The central cubes determine the color of the face, that is, we can say that even in a completely mixed up cube, the central cubes have already been matched and it remains to attach 8 cubes of the same color to each of them. The central cubes are designated by one letter: f, t, p, l, v, n.

Edge cubes (there are 12 of them) belong to two faces and are denoted by two letters, for example fp, pv, fn etc.

Corner cubes - in three letters according to the name of the faces, for example, fpv, fln etc.

capital letters F, T, R, L, V, N the elementary operations of rotating the corresponding face (layer, slice) of the cube by 90° clockwise are denoted. Notation F", T", P", L", V", N" correspond to a 90° counterclockwise rotation of the faces. Notation F 2, P 2 etc. speak of a double rotation of the corresponding face ( F 2 = FF).

letter FROM denote the rotation of the middle layer. The subscript shows which side of the face to look at to make that turn. For example S P- on the right side C N- from the bottom side, S" L- from the left side, counterclockwise, etc. It is clear that C H \u003d C "B, S P \u003d S "L etc. Letter O- rotation (revolution) of the entire cube around its axis. O F- from the side of the facade face clockwise, etc.

Process recording (F "P") N 2 (PF) means: rotate the facade face counterclockwise by 90°, the same - the right face, rotate the bottom face twice (i.e. by 180°), rotate the right face 90° clockwise, rotate the facade face 90° clockwise.

Along with the literal notation of processes, a matrix notation is also used, where elementary operations are depicted by a drawing of a facade face with corresponding arrows indicating the directions of rotation of the corresponding face.

The layered algorithm for assembling the Rubik's Cube is far from the only one. There are other ways, about which - on other pages of this section.

To be continued...

Hi all!

Today our article is dedicated to all puzzle lovers. Solving problems, crossword puzzles, puzzles, riddles, etc. has always attracted people from young to old. And this is not only a fun pastime, but also a benefit for the mind, the development of logical thinking.

Puzzles can be either drawn in a publication or made in the form of objects, often toys. One of these is the famous Rubik's Cube in the 20th century.

Surely there are still fans of this puzzle. Or maybe someone who, after reading this article, wants to get acquainted with this old puzzle toy.

The Rubik's Cube (sometimes erroneously called the Rubik's Cube; originally known as the "magic cube", Hung. bűvös kocka) is a mechanical puzzle invented in 1974 (and patented in 1975) by the Hungarian sculptor and architecture teacher Erno Rubik. From Wikipedia.

In the mid-70s of the last century, the Hungarian teacher Erne Rubik, in order to somehow help his students learn some mathematical features and understand three-dimensional objects more clearly, made several wooden cubes and painted them in six colors.

Then it turned out that putting together a whole cube with sides of the same color is a rather difficult task. Erne Rubik fought for a month until he reached the result. And so, on January 30, 1975, he received a patent for his invention called the Magic Cube.

However, this name has survived only in German, Portuguese, Chinese and, of course, Hungarian. In all other countries, including ours, it is called the Rubik's Cube.

At one time, this puzzle was a bestseller. It was sold all over the world in the 80-90s. only, more than 350 million pieces

What is a Rubik's Cube

What is this puzzle? Outwardly, it is a plastic cube. Now it comes in various sizes, and 4x4x4 is considered popular. Initially, it was made in the 3x3x3 format. This cube (3x3x3) looks like 26 small cubes with 54 colored sides, which make up one big cube.

The faces of a cube rotate around its three internal axes. By turning the faces, the colored squares are reordered by the set of the most various ways. The task is to collect the colors of all faces equally.

There are a lot of different combinations. For example, a 3x3x3 die has the following number of combinations:

(8! × 38−1) × (12! × 212−1)/2 = 43,252,003,274,489,856,000.

As soon as this puzzle gained popularity, mathematicians all over the world, and not only, set out to find the number of combinations that would be the smallest when assembling it.

In 2010, several mathematicians from around the world proved that each configuration of this puzzle can be solved in no more than 20 moves. Any turn of a face counts as a move.

Fans of the cube did not just collect it, but began to arrange competitions in the speed of collecting puzzles. Such people became known as speedcubers. The result is not counted for a single assembly, but as an average of five attempts.

By the way, along with popularity, as it happens, opponents appeared who proved (even by examples) that the assembly of the cube, especially the speed one, entails dislocations of the hands.

But be that as it may, the cube not only did not turn away from itself, but attracted more and more more people. And the competitions were held both in a separate city, and in the country, and international. So, for example, a participant from Russia won at the European Championship in 2012. His average assembly time was 8.89 seconds.

The cube became so popular that other modifications of its shape began to appear. For example, a snake, a pyramid, various tetrahedra, etc.

How to solve a 3x3 cube, a diagram with pictures for beginners

So. Let's proceed to a simple version of assembling a 3x3x3 cube. It consists of seven stages. But first, about some concepts and notations that are found on the diagrams.

F, T, R, L, V, N- designations of the sides of the cube: front, rear, right, left, top, bottom. In this case, which of the sides is the facade, rear, etc. depends on you and on the scheme on which these symbols are applied.

The designations F', T', P', L', B', N' indicate the rotation of the faces by 90 ° counterclockwise.

Designations F 2, P 2, etc. speak of a double turn of the face: F 2 \u003d FF, which means to rotate the facade face twice.

The designation C is the rotation of the middle layer. At the same time: C P - from the side of the right side, C N - from the bottom side, S'L - from the left side, counterclockwise, etc.

For example, such a record (F 'P ') N 2 (PF) means that you must first rotate the facade face counterclockwise by 90 °, then the right face in the same way. Next, rotate the bottom face twice - this is 180 °. Then rotate the right face 90° clockwise, and rotate the front face 90° clockwise as well.

On the diagrams, this is indicated as follows:

So, let's start the assembly steps.

At the first stage, it will be necessary to assemble the cross of the first layer.

We lower the required cube down by turning the corresponding side face (P, T, L) and bring it to the front face by turning H, H 'or H 2. We finish everything with a reverse rotation of the same side face

On the diagram it looks like this:

At the second stage, we arrange the corner cubes of the first layer

Here we need to find the necessary corner cube, which has the colors of the faces F, V, L. Using the same method for the first stage, we display it in the left corner of the selected facade face.

In the diagram, dots show the place where you need to put the desired cube. For the remaining three corner cubes, repeat the same operation.

As a result, we get the following figure:

At the third stage, we will collect the second layer.

We find the desired cube and initially bring it down to the front face. If it is located at the bottom, then we do this by rotating the bottom face to match the color of the facade.

If it is located in the middle belt, then we lower it down using the formula a) or b). Next, combine the color with the color of the front face and do a) or b) again. As a result, we will have already collected two layers.

Let's move on to the fourth stage. Here we will assemble the third layer and the cross.

What needs to be done here. We move the side cubes of one face, which do not violate the already assembled order in the layers. Next, select another face and repeat the process.

Thus, we will put all four cubes in place. As a result, everything is in its place, but two, or even all four, may be oriented incorrectly.

First of all, you need to see which cubes sitting in their places are incorrectly oriented. If there is none or one, then we rotate the upper face so that the cubes on adjacent faces fall into place.

Here we apply such turns fv + pv, pv + tv, tv + lv, lv + fv. Next, we orient the cube as in the figure and already apply the formula written there.

We pass to the fifth stage. Here we unfold the side cubes of the third layer.

The cube that we will unfold should be located on the right side. It is marked with arrows in the figure. Dots in the same place mark all possible cases when the cubes can be oriented incorrectly (Figures a, b and c).

Figure a). Here it will be necessary to make a rotation B 'to bring the second cube to the right side. Next, finish with a turn B, which will return the top face to its original position.

Figure b). Here we do as in case a), only we turn B 2 and finish B 2 in the same way

Figure c). turn B is performed three times after turning each cube, after which we also finish with turn B.

We proceed to the sixth stage, we arrange the corner cubes of the third layer.

It should be easy here. We set the corners of the last face according to the following scheme:

First, a straight turn, with which we rearrange the three corner cubes clockwise. Then reverse, with which we rearrange three cubes already counterclockwise.

And finally, the last stage, during which we orient the corner cubes.

At this stage, the sequence of turns PF'P'F is repeated many times.

The figure below also shows four cases where the cubes can be incorrectly oriented. They are marked with dots.

Figure a) first make a turn B and finish with a turn B’,

Figure b) here we start with B 2, and end with it.

Figure c) turn B must be performed after we turn each cube correctly, and then do turn B2,

Figure d) we first make turn B, which is also performed after we correctly orient each cube. We also end with a turn B.

As a result, everything is collected

Assembly diagram for children

This scheme is also divided into several stages.

1. Assembly begins with a cross on the top side. It's almost easy to assemble. Moreover, you can ignore the location of the colors of the other sides of the cube, but only for now.

It is usually advised to start the assembly with yellow. But you can choose any.

1. We continue to collect the cross. Here it is necessary to take into account that all the upper elements of the mating sides must have the same color as the central elements located on the same faces. If somewhere something did not match, we try to follow this algorithm:

A. if two adjacent sides did not match in color: P, B, P ', B, P, B 2, P ', B

B. if opposite sides differ: F 2, Z 2, N 2, F 2, Z 2

1. At this stage, we arrange the corner cubes. Thus, we will collect completely one side. Let's look at these corner cubes and see that the cubes of the color that we have chosen as the basis, in particular yellow, are in three versions: from above, to the left or to the right. For each, we use the appropriate combination:

For what is on top - P, B 2, P ', B ', P, B, P '

For what is on the left - F ', B ', F

For what is on the right - P, V, P '

The result is one fully assembled side, and the top layers of adjacent sides and their center are the same color.

1. Now we have to collect the second layer. To do this, turn the assembled side up. Next, twist the bottom edge so that the color of the side element matches the color of the side, forming the letter "T". In order to move the side cube from the bottom layer to the middle one, and at the same time its two colors must match the colors of the neighboring sides, you must do the following:

A. Turn the cube to the left - N, L, N ', L ', N ', F ', N, F

B. Move the cube to the right - N', P', N, P, N, F, N', F'

1. We collect the third layer. Let's start by turning the cube upside down. If the chosen color was yellow, now on top we need to make it white. Now we collect white cubes according to these formulas:

A. White cube in the center + two opposite side ones - F, P, V, P ', V ', F ',

B. White cube in the center + two adjacent side ones - F, V, P, V ', P ', F

C. Only one white die in the center - use any combination, either A or B

1. We collect the remaining layer completely. Below is an assembly diagram for two options. If none of the above work for you, use any.

A. The colors match when rearranged counterclockwise - P, V, P ', V, P, V 2, P ',

B. The colors match when rearranged clockwise - P, V 2, P ', V ', P, V ', P ',

1. At this stage, we arrange the corner cubes. This will be a little more difficult to do. However, practice and you'll be fine.

A. The side cube with the color of the top face is on the front side -

P’, F’, L, F, P, F’, L’, F

B. The side cube with the color of the top face is on the side -

F’, L, F, P’, F’, L’, F, P

1. Last thing. Here it is necessary to correctly expand the corners. Again, we need two options:

A. Clockwise - P 2, B 2 ', P, F, P ', V 2 ', P, F ', P

B. Counterclockwise - P ', F, P ', V 2 ', P, F ', P ', V 2 ', P 2

If you need to change corner cubes crosswise or corners that are opposite, you can use either of these two options.

As a result, the puzzle will be completely assembled.

Video master class on the cube

And finally a short video

This article provides step-by-step instructions for beginners, with which you can solve the Rubik's Cube layer-by-layer method. Compared to other methods, this method is quite simple, because you will not need to remember many sequential actions. Mastering the layering method will help you later on smoothly transition to Jessica Friedrich's quick assembly method, which allows you to solve a cube in less than 20 seconds in competition. In order to conquer this insidious Erno Rubik's puzzle, you will need patience and diligence. Good luck!

Steps

Part 1

Familiarize yourself with the three types of elements. There are three main types of elements in the Rubik's Cube, the definition of which depends on their location in the cube.

• Central the elements are located in the center of the cube on each of its sides, surrounded by the other eight elements. Each such element cannot be moved, and it has only one color.
• corner elements are located at the corners of the cube. Each element has three different colors.
• Side the elements are located between the corner elements. Each such element has two different colors.
• Note. Elements of one type cannot become elements of another. The corner element will always be in the corner of the cube.

Learn to distinguish the six sides of the cube. Each side of the Rubik's cube has its own color, which is determined by its central element. So, for example, the side that has a red element in the center will be the "red side" even if there are no other red elements nearby. However, sometimes it's better to name the sides based on their position relative to the side you're looking at. this moment. Here are some terms that will be used in this guide:

• F(Front) - Raise the cube to eye level. Directly in front of you will be the front side.
• W(Back) is the opposite side that is not visible when you hold the cube in your hands.
• AT(Upper) - the side facing up.
• H(Lower) - the side facing down.
• P(Right) - The side to your right.
• L(Left) - The side to your left.

Collecting a Rubik's Cube can be difficult for both an adult and a child, and if after several attempts you fail, do not despair, simple and understandable 3x3 patterns will help you figure out the puzzle. There are many different ways to do this, because the best minds at one time spent their energy on this and gave amazing results in the form of schemes and algorithms.

The easiest way to assemble for those who have just started

This scheme is considered the simplest and is great for children. It starts with the assembly of the cross, in other words, each edge should have the same color of the central plate and corner elements. At the beginning of the assembly, the Rubik's cube must be disassembled. Assembly scheme 3 * 3 in 8 stages.

First you need to take the cube in your hands and turn one of the sides towards you, respectively, taking its frontal - F, all remaining according to the scheme. Assembly must start from the bottom (H).

Below is a diagram of this approach:

• Having chosen the color that you want to start first, proceed to the assembly of the lower cross. This is a simple stage, the complexity of which ends solely with the choice of color. What is at this stage on the other sides of the cube should not attract attention.

Rubik's Cube Step

• It is necessary to assemble the cross correctly - the cross must end on adjacent faces. This means that the faces located at the top of the mating sides must have the same color as the bottom cross. If this did not happen during assembly, then there are two available algorithms that can correct the situation:

• The mismatch on two adjacent sides is corrected by the scheme:

P V P»V P V2 P V

• If the opposite parts of the cube have an error, then you can try the following formula:

F2 T2 N2 F2 T2

When working with these algorithms, the cross should be at the top.

• We collect completely one of the sides of the Rubik's cube. To do this, you need to put the corners in place. Turning the puzzle over with the already assembled cross down, it will become noticeable that the upper corners of the sides adjacent to H have acquired the same color as the cross. That is, if the cross is yellow, then the considered corner elements will also be yellow. With such a scheme, only three options for the position of the base color can be possible: on the left, on the right, or on top, and for each such position there is its own assembly scheme:

The result of applying such algorithms is one fully assembled color, and the adjacent side of the upper strip has one color.

We continue the assembly

• If you want to solve the Rubik's Cube for speed, then there are a few more important and relevant formulas for you to remember. We unfold the side that is already completely ready up. We begin to twist the bottom edge until the color of one of the side elements matches with any of the sides and form the letter T. Then, it is necessary to move the side element from the bottom edge to the middle until it matches the color of the adjacent sides. As a result, we get two versions of the provisions, in which:

• Left turn required: N L N "L" N "F" N F.
• Move to the right: N "P" P N P N F N "F".

• Now it's time for the third layer. We turn the toy itself over so that the side that has not yet been folded is at the top. Most likely, white became the opposite color if you chose the most popular one to start the assembly. yellow. If there are white plates in front of your eyes with any position described below, then I act according to the following formulas:

White dice: central and 2 opposite F P V P "V" F".

White dice: center and two on the side F V P V "P" F".

White dies in the center, choose the scheme you like and repeat 2 times.

• Another regular cross with the upper face matching in color with adjacent ones, in which 2 outcomes are most often possible:

But, if this does not affect the situation in any way, then you can use any options.

• A rather difficult stage at which it is necessary to put the corner elements in their rightful places. And it's not that easy. Most often there is a lot of confusion in the layers, but if everything is done correctly, then in the end, each color block will stand where you need it.

• Stage number eight is connected with the same angles and roundabouts:

Clockwise P2 V2 » P F P» V2″ P F P .

And in the opposite direction: P "F P" V2 "P F" P "V2" P2 .

Any of these algorithms will also come in handy when moving in corners: crosswise or opposed.

The mirror cube is assembled using the same algorithms, but those who want to break the record should know that only the 3 * 3 model applies to this indicator.

The assembly of the 3 * 3 model for clarity can be seen in the video below:

How to solve a Rubik's cube 3x3 - quickly and easily. The best technique for beginners.

Seven steps to build

• First, make sure that the cube is disassembled. This will mark the beginning of stage number 1. The stage ends with the assembly of the cross on the top side of the cube, and the upper middle faces of the sides should match the center in color. One of the plates of the upper cross should be located on the edge of the bottom. To do this, we take either the first or the second option.

The operation is repeated for all remaining cubes of the cross B.

• Stage two starts with the assembled cross of the upper part, ends with the fully assembled. How does this happen? The diagram is popular to explain the entire sequence of actions. We take the corner element of face B and translate it into H. Depending on the color distribution, you need to choose your own solution.

With three cubes of the corner of the upper face, you need to repeat exactly the same thing.

• It is easy to guess that the beginning of the next stage is always the result of the previous one. As we remember, the previous goal was to assemble the face completely. If the goal is achieved, then you can proceed to the implementation new task: Assembly of the top two layers.

To simplify, we turn again to the help of diagrams. It is necessary to move the selected side cube down. Next, choose:

We continue the assembly

As usual, we repeat everything and stir the last dies.

• The cube assembled with two belts must be placed in layers down. This part will end with the cubes from the cross B in their place, but turned upside down. You just need to rearrange the cubes In the middle part until the moment when everyone falls into place.

These actions will give the effect of breakage, but you should not be afraid. Repetition is the mother of learning. We fix the algorithm and voila - we have a cube in front of us where everything is in place. But you need to spatially change the wrong cube in your hands a little, turning it over to the side on the right.

• In this step, the beginning, as always, is taken from the end of an already completed step. We go according to the scheme.

• At the end of the step, the cube will be fully assembled, but it will start with the fact that all the corners will be where they should be, but possibly upside down.

There may be two positions.

To do the flip, do the following:

The algorithm is applied until the PV becomes correct. Again, things can get messy, but that's okay if you trust consistency over and over again. Before repeating, we put another “wrong cube” in the corner on the right. Repeat until the cube is completed.

The Jessica Friedrich Method

Jessica Friedrich's method, as one of the fastest methods for solving a Rubik's cube.

In 1981, Jessica Friedrich developed her assembly plan, which has all the same basic points and no fundamental differences, but it greatly speeds up the process. You just have to learn "only" 119 rules. If you want to break a record, you have to strain your brains.

If you are just starting out and spend two minutes or more on assembly, then this method is not for you yet, practice with eight step instructions.

• This method begins with the same assembly of a cross with edges on the sides. In English, the name of this step sounds like Cross and in translation means a cross.
• The second stage implies the assembly of two layers of the cube at once and is called F2L (an abbreviation for the phrase First 2 Layers, which literally translates as the first two layers). Algorithms that describe given way are given below:

• The OLL stage means assembling the top layer of the Rubik's Cube. It will be described by 57 formulas.

• The final, fourth stage is called PLL and means the placement of all elements in their places. The last stage can describe these algorithms:

15 steps to assemble a 3*3 cube

In 1982, for the first time, competitions appeared in which those who wanted to solve the puzzle as quickly as possible took part. In connection with the discovery of such games, more and more new formulas and algorithms for solving the problem began to appear. But, in fifteen moves, no one has yet been able to cope with the task. Even an assembly using 8 stages implies many more moves. The algorithm of God given below has twenty such moves.

The discovery of such a quick assembly belongs to a team from Google, in 2010 they released their solution to the Hungarian sculptor's puzzle.

Now, if you hear somewhere else about the 15-step solution system, you can safely argue with him, there is no chance that his resource will exceed the resources of such a powerful company. Those who wish to learn how to solve the cube by the fastest and probably the youngest method among the ambulances can pick up toys and use the scheme shown in the picture below.

Secret assembly technology

Those who want to cope with the task, in a time equal to or less than a minute, should learn a few simple rules.

• White and yellow color will be a great solution to start the assembly.
• Many precious seconds are wasted on turning the Rubik's Cube in hand, which, of course, has a negative effect on temporary results. That is why they start assembling, collecting a cross on the bottom face of the puzzle. So you save time on the confused turning of the toy.
• The 3*3 cube is well suited for the hand and its surface is quite slippery and rotates well, but for greater success, you can purchase a special, not very expensive lubricant for such items.
• Always be one step ahead: at the moment when the mental stress has already subsided and you are completing one of the algorithms that will definitely lead to success, it's time to think about the next step.
• Use all resources: all your ten fingers. This is what will lead to new records in the assembly of the cube.

With closed eyes? Easily!

Do you want to surprise everyone with the ability to solve a Rubik's Cube without watching the process? Learned algorithms will help to cope with this. In addition, follow a few simple rules:

• Keep in mind the picture of the puzzle, it should always be mentally in front of your eyes and remember the golden rule, which says that it is best to start assembling from the bottom edge. And do not forget about the immobility of the centers relative to the sides.
• Assembling the cube with blindfolded or closed eyes will definitely amaze those around you. The invented algorithm says: orient the corners correctly! As a rule, all corners contain two colors: it is either yellow or white.
• Correctly position the side elements of the problem and whether its orientation is correct.

Modern varieties of the Rubik's Cube

The Rubik's Cube was created by a Hungarian scientist Erno Rubik, a professor and sculptor using this model to explain to his students the basics of mathematics, namely mathematical theory groups. In that same 1974, Rubik could not even imagine that this attempt to demonstrate mathematics would make him a millionaire.

The assembly of the item lasted about a month, during which time it underwent many changes, mainly related to the size. The scientist tested the future toy on his friends and loved ones. The patent was obtained in 1975, and the first batch was published only in 1977. “Magic Cubes”, as the invention was dubbed, first appeared in Budapest, in a small cooperative just in time for the Christmas holidays. Several pieces from that very first batch also ended up in the USSR.

Such mathematics soon interested the minds of other people. Tibor Lakzi took up the promotion of the cube as a puzzle game. It was with his help that the world recognized the now beloved cube. Lakzi lived at that time in Germany, but often visited his homeland, where an object he liked was discovered. In one of the cafes where the entrepreneur was having lunch, he saw a funny little thing in the hands of the waiter. He, as a mathematician and as a businessman in the computer field, immediately saw the prospects and contacted the inventor. Another game inventor, Tom Kremer, who by that time had already founded Seven Town Ltd, was involved in the promotion.

First popularity

And now, at the end of the 20th century, hundreds of millions of copies of the Rubik's Cube went on sale, making it an exciting game and hobby. In European countries, the little thing spread in 1980 in May, and the USSR saw it a year later. Of course, in our country it was not without curiosities. Some officials were given bribes with these toys, for which citizens had to stand in line and enter the circle twice.

The desire to solve the puzzle and learn its secrets enlivened the minds of everyone, even those who did not have it in their possession. And in 1982 in the famous magazine “ Junior Technician»an article appeared, which provided schemes and methods for making a foreign toy with your own hands. And, of course, they could not do without stigma - a bourgeois toy that takes a lot of time from the workers. But these arguments did not exist for long, and soon articles with schemes for assembling the Rubik's cube appeared on the pages of scientific journals.

So that people who could not cope with this difficult task and did not suppress their failures in alcoholic binges to destroy the failed one, special plastic hatchets were developed for the opposite model.

A little more history

In the year 82 of the 20th century, the first puzzle assembly competitions were held. The venue was the capital of Hungary - Budapest, where the game was invented. The participants were 19 countries, which were represented by the best players, winners of local competitions. The winner was Minh Thai, an American student from Los Angeles, who at the time was 16 years old. He coped with his task in 22.95 seconds. Although at that time there were persistent rumors about craftsmen who could complete the assembly in just 10 seconds. Of course, compared to Mats Wolf's current record, these numbers seem huge.

The Dutchman does it in just 5.5 seconds. Although there is a video where the previous record holder Felix Zemdegs collects a magic cube for 4.21, he has no official confirmation. But there is another record, also officially not included in the Guinness Book of Records. The CubeStormer-3 robot managed to beat Zemdegs as well, spending only 3.25 seconds on the task. Let's hope that someday one of the people will be able to break the record of the program.

Today it is the best-selling toy in the whole world, which everyone tried to collect. She has several awards to her credit: she repeatedly received the National Hungarian Prize as the best invention, won in France, the USA, Germany and the UK. In 1981 he received his rightful place in New York, at the Museum of National Art. There is even a special Rubik's Foundation, established in 88. It was founded to support young inventors.