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Of course, the Great Patriotic War left a huge mark on the history of our Motherland. For 68 years now, we have annually honored the memory of those killed on May 9th. We all know that throughout the vastness of Russia monuments to the Great Patriotic War were built in huge quantities. Below in the article we will look at the most famous of them, which are located in the hero cities of Russia: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Murmansk, Tula, Volgograd, Novorossiysk and Smolensk. It was these cities that became most famous for their brave defense during the hostilities of 1941-43.
Let's start with Moscow. All Muscovites will certainly say that the most significant for this city is Poklonnaya Hill, on which Victory Park is located. The park was inaugurated on May 9, 1995 during the celebration of Victory Day. Monuments to the Great Patriotic War located here include exhibitions of military equipment, WWII and Holocaust museums, a memorial mosque and synagogue, and a temple. In addition to these monuments, there are other minor structures that can be seen throughout Moscow.
Next, let's move on to St. Petersburg. Like in the capital, the “Venice of the North” also has a Victory Park, but here it is presented in a duplicate: Primorsky, which is dedicated to naval victories, and Moscow, which is built as a holistic memory of the victory. The former does not stand out in any way, but the latter has on its territory a large number of buildings that are monuments to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. Among them, monuments-busts of twice Heroes of Socialist Labor, natives of the city, are especially notable. Also worth noting is the Rotunda monument, memorial crosses and plaques, various sculptures and the Temporary Chapel. In addition to these parks, it is worth mentioning the “Breakthrough the Siege of Leningrad” museum-reserve, as well as the memorial museum “Defense and Siege of Leningrad”, which highlight the severity of the battles and the “snatching” of victory from the fascist invaders.
Tula is not particularly replete with monuments, however, it is worth noting the monument to the defenders of Tula in the Second World War, which is located on the Mound of Immortality in the city of Efremov, built at the residents’ own expense.
Of course, one of the greatest cities that showed heroic defense and no less heroic counter-offensive is Volgograd. On the most famous hill, where bloody battles took place from September 1942 to January the following - Mamayev Kurgan, there is an architectural ensemble of monuments dedicated to the Second World War. It includes, perhaps, the most famous monument to the Second World War of Russia “The Motherland is Calling!”, which, by the way, is one of 3 squares (Square of Sorrow, Square of Heroes, Square of Those Who Stood to Death), Monumental relief, high relief “Memory of Generations” , Military cemetery, Ruin walls. Construction, during which many architects were involved, lasted almost 10 years, from 1959 to 1967.
Next, we will briefly examine the monuments to the Great Patriotic War in Smolensk. In Readovka Park there is the Mound of Immortality, which was built by Smolensk residents in memory of the soldiers and ordinary people who died during the Second World War. It was inaugurated on September 25, 1970. Not far from the Kurgan you can see the Eternal Flame, and in the park itself it was also built where thousands of warriors are buried. Among other monuments in Smolensk, the Great Patriotic War monument “Bayonet” is worthy of mention, which was erected in memory of the soldiers of the legendary 16th Army that defended the city in July 1941.
Few people know that one of the most famous and tallest Soviet sculptures, “The Motherland Calls!”, which was installed in Volgograd on the Mamayev Kurgan, is only the second part of a composition that consists of three elements at once. This triptych (a work of art consisting of three parts and united by a common idea) also includes the monuments: “Rear to Front”, which is installed in Magnitogorsk and “Warrior-Liberator”, located in Treptower Park in Berlin. All three sculptures have one common element - the Sword of Victory.
Two of the three monuments of the triptych - “Warrior-Liberator” and “Motherland Calls!” - belong to the hand of one master, the monumental sculptor Evgeniy Viktorovich Vuchetich, who turned to the theme of the sword three times in his work. The third monument to Vuchetich, which does not belong to this series, was erected in New York in front of the UN headquarters. The composition, entitled “Let's Beat Swords into Plowshares,” shows us a worker beating a sword into a plow. The sculpture itself was supposed to symbolize the desire of all people of the world to fight for disarmament and the triumph of peace on Earth.
The first part of the trilogy “Rear to Front”, located in Magnitogorsk, symbolizes the Soviet rear, which ensured the country’s victory in that terrible war. In the sculpture, a worker hands a sword to a Soviet soldier. It is implied that this is the Sword of Victory, which was forged and raised in the Urals, and was later raised by the “Motherland” in Stalingrad. The city in which a radical turning point in the war occurred, and Nazi Germany suffered one of its most significant defeats. The third monument of the “Warrior-Liberator” series lowers the Sword of Victory in the very lair of the enemy - in Berlin.
The reasons why Magnitogorsk received such an honor - to become the first Russian city in which a monument to home front workers was erected - should not surprise anyone. According to statistics, every second tank and every third shell during the war was fired from Magnitogorsk steel. Hence the symbolism of this monument - a defense plant worker stationed in the East hands over a forged sword to a front-line soldier who is sent to the West. Where the trouble came from.
Later, this sword forged in the rear will rise up in Stalingrad on the Mamayev Kurgan “Motherland”. In the place where the turning point in the war took place. And at the end of the composition, the “Warrior-Liberator” will lower his sword on the swastika in the very center of Germany, in Berlin, completing the defeat of the fascist regime. A beautiful, laconic and very logical composition that unites the three most famous Soviet monuments dedicated to the Great Patriotic War.
Despite the fact that the Sword of Victory began its journey in the Urals and ended in Berlin, the triptych monuments were built in the reverse order. Thus, the monument “Warrior Liberator” was erected in Berlin in the spring of 1949, the construction of the monument “The Motherland Calls!” ended in the fall of 1967. And the first monument of the “Rear to Front” series was ready only in the summer of 1979.
"Rear to Front"
Monument "Rear to Front"
The authors of this monument were sculptor Lev Golovnitsky and architect Yakov Belopolsky. To create the monument, two main materials were used - granite and bronze. The height of the monument is 15 meters, while outwardly it looks much more impressive. This effect is created by the fact that the monument is located on a high hill. The central part of the monument is a composition that consists of two figures: a worker and a soldier. The worker is oriented to the east (in the direction where the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works was located), and the warrior is looking to the west. There, where the main fighting took place during the Great Patriotic War. The rest of the monument in Magnitogorsk is the eternal flame, which was made in the form of a star-flower made of granite.
On the bank of the river, to install the monument, an artificial hill was erected, the height of which was 18 meters (the base of the hill was specially reinforced with reinforced concrete piles so that it could withstand the weight of the installed monument and would not collapse over time). The monument was made in Leningrad, and in 1979 it was installed on site. The monument was also supplemented with two trapezoids as tall as a man, on which were listed the names of residents of Magnitogorsk who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the war. In 2005, another part of the monument was opened. This time the composition was supplemented by two triangles, on which you can read the names of all residents of Magnitogorsk who died during the fighting in 1941-1945 (in total, a little more than 14 thousand names are listed).
"Rear to Front"
Monument “The Motherland Calls!”
Monument “The Motherland Calls!” located in the city of Volgograd and is the compositional center of the monument-ensemble “Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad”, which is located on Mamayev Kurgan. This statue is considered one of the tallest on the planet. Today she ranks 11th in the Guinness Book of Records. At night, the monument is effectively illuminated by floodlights. This sculpture was created according to the design of sculptor E. V. Vuchetich and engineer N. V. Nikitin. The sculpture on Mamayev Kurgan represents the figure of a woman standing with a sword raised up. This monument is a collective allegorical image of the Motherland, which calls on everyone to unite in order to defeat the enemy.
Drawing some analogy, we can compare the statue “The Motherland is Calling!” with the ancient goddess of victory Nike of Samothrace, who also called on her children to repel the forces of the invaders. Subsequently, the silhouette of the sculpture “The Motherland Calls!” was placed on the coat of arms and flag of the Volgograd region. It is worth noting that the peak for the construction of the monument was created artificially. Before this, the highest point of Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd was an area that was located 200 meters from the current peak. Currently, there is the Church of All Saints there.
“The Motherland is calling!”
The creation of the monument in Volgograd, excluding the pedestal, took 2,400 tons of metal structures and 5,500 tons of concrete. At the same time, the total height of the sculptural composition was 85 meters (according to other sources, 87 meters). Before starting construction of the monument, a foundation for the statue, 16 meters deep, was dug on Mamayev Kurgan, and a two-meter slab was installed on this foundation. The height of the 8,000-ton statue itself was 52 meters. In order to ensure the necessary rigidity of the statue's frame, 99 metal cables were used, which are in constant tension. The thickness of the walls of the monument, made of reinforced concrete, does not exceed 30 cm; the internal surface of the monument consists of separate chambers that resemble the structures of a residential building.
Initially, the 33-meter long sword, which weighed 14 tons, was made of stainless steel in a titanium sheath. But the huge size of the statue led to strong swinging of the sword, which was especially noticeable in windy weather. As a result of such impacts, the structure gradually deformed, the titanium plating sheets began to shift, and when the structure rocked, an unpleasant metallic grinding sound appeared. To eliminate this phenomenon, a reconstruction of the monument was organized in 1972. During the work, the sword blade was replaced with another one, which was made of fluorinated steel, with holes made in the upper part, which were supposed to reduce the windage effect of the structure.
“The Motherland is calling!”
One day, the main sculptor of the monument, Yevgeny Vuchetich, told Andrei Sakharov about his most famous sculpture, “The Motherland Calls!” “Often my superiors asked me why a woman’s mouth was open, it’s ugly,” said Vuchetich. To this question, the famous sculptor answered: “And she screams - for the Motherland... your mother!”
Monument "Warrior-Liberator"
On May 8, 1949, on the eve of the fourth anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany, the grand opening of a monument to Soviet soldiers who died during the assault on the German capital took place in Berlin. The “Warrior Liberator” monument was erected in Berlin’s Treptow Park. Its sculptor was E. V. Vuchetich, and its architect was Ya. B. Belopolsky. The monument was opened on May 8, 1949, the height of the sculpture of the warrior itself was 12 meters, its weight was 70 tons. This monument became a symbol of the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, and it also personifies the liberation of all European peoples from fascism.
The sculpture of a soldier with a total weight of approximately 70 tons was produced in the spring of 1949 in Leningrad at the Monumental Sculpture plant; it consisted of 6 parts, which were then transported to Germany. Work on the creation of a memorial complex in Berlin was completed in May 1949. On May 8, 1949, the memorial was solemnly opened by the Soviet commandant of Berlin, Major General A.G. Kotikov. In September 1949, all responsibilities for the care and maintenance of the monument were transferred by the Soviet military commandant's office to the magistrate of Greater Berlin.
"Warrior Liberator"
The center of the Berlin composition was the bronze figure of a Soviet soldier who stands on the ruins of a fascist swastika. In one hand he holds a lowered sword, and with the other hand he supports the rescued German girl. It is assumed that the prototype for this sculpture was the real Soviet soldier Nikolai Maslov, a native of the village of Voznesenka, Tisulsky district, Kemerovo region. During the storming of the German capital in April 1945, he saved a German girl. Vuchetich himself created the monument “Warrior - Liberator” based on the Soviet paratrooper Ivan Odarenko from Tambov. And for the girl, 3-year-old Svetlana Kotikova, who was the daughter of the commandant of the Soviet sector of Berlin, posed on the sculpture. It is curious that in the sketch of the monument the soldier was holding a machine gun in his free hand, but at Stalin’s suggestion, the sculptor Vuchetich replaced the machine gun with a sword.
The monument, like all three monuments of the triptych, is located on a mound, with a staircase leading to the pedestal. Inside the pedestal there is a round hall. Its walls were decorated with mosaic panels (author - artist A.V. Gorpenko). The panel depicted representatives of various nations, including the peoples of Central Asia and the Caucasus, laying wreaths on the grave of Soviet soldiers. Above their heads it is written in Russian and German: “Now everyone recognizes that the Soviet people, with their selfless struggle, saved the civilization of Europe from the fascist pogromists. This is the great merit of the Soviet people to humanity.” In the center of the hall there was a cubic pedestal made of black polished stone, on which was mounted a golden casket with a parchment book bound in red morocco. This book contained the names of heroes who fell in battles for the German capital and were buried in mass graves. The dome of the hall was decorated with a chandelier with a diameter of 2.5 meters, which was made of crystal and rubies; the chandelier reproduces the Order of Victory.
"Warrior Liberator"
In the fall of 2003, the sculpture of the “Warrior-Liberator” was dismantled and sent for restoration work. In the spring of 2004, the restored monument returned to its rightful place. Today this complex is the center for memorable celebrations.
Information sources:
http://ribalych.ru/2014/08/04/unikalnyj-triptix
http://www.pravda34.info/?page_id=1237
http://defendingrussia.ru/love/pamyatniki_pobedy
http://www.tgt.ru/menu-ver/encyclopedia/tourism/countries/dostoprimechatelnosti/dostoprimechatelnosti_155.html
https://ru.wikipedia.org
Introduction
The fiery forties. Much has been written about them and more will be written, for the topic of military feat is inexhaustible. The harsh years of the Great Patriotic War will never be erased in the memory of the people. The working people of the hero city of Moscow wrote a bright page in the history of the war. The eyes of millions of Soviet people and all freedom-loving humanity were riveted on Moscow. Moscow was for them the personification of the will to win, the personification of heroism, perseverance and courage. In bronze, granite and marble obelisks, sculptures, memorial plaques, and the names of streets and squares, Moscow perpetuated the memory of the glorious warriors who became the pride of our people. To visit these places means to touch the glory of our fathers and grandfathers, to bow before their courage and heroism shown in the fight against the enemy.
German fascism, which trampled on the state and national independence of most peoples of Western Europe, attacked our state on June 22, 1941. In one fleeting campaign, the Nazi command hoped to destroy our Armed Forces and in a month and a half reach the Arkhangelsk-Volga-Astrakhan line. The capture of Moscow and the Central Industrial Region was the main political and strategic goal of this plan. In the autumn of 1941, the future of all humanity was decided here.
Every day Moscow acquired new features of a front-line city. She became stricter and harsher. Its streets and avenues were plunged into darkness. As a result of the camouflage, the Moscow Kremlin became unrecognizable. Thick covers covered the light of the Kremlin stars. Black, green, slanting and broken stripes appeared on the white stone walls of the Assumption, Annunciation and Archangel Cathedrals. The always noisy streets of Moscow became hubs of front-line roads. Night and day the roads were filled with the roar of tanks and the roar of tractors. Among the defenders of Moscow, a place of honor is occupied by the soldiers of the Kremlin garrison, who defended the most important objects of the capital and its ancient monuments. In honor of the fallen heroes, a plaque was installed on the Arsenal building in the Kremlin on which the moving words are inscribed: “Eternal glory to the soldiers, sergeants and officers of the Moscow Kremlin garrison who died defending Moscow and the Moscow Kremlin from fascist air raids during the Great Patriotic War.”
Memorial “Tomb of the Unknown Soldier”
In December 1966, when the 25th anniversary of the defeat of fascist troops near Moscow was celebrated, the remains of the Unknown Soldier, who died a brave death while defending the Soviet capital, were buried near the ancient Kremlin wall, in the Alexander Garden. Before that, the hero’s ashes rested 40 kilometers from Moscow along the Leningradskoe Highway - at the line where fierce battles took place in the fall of 1941. By accepting the remains of the hero into its sacred land, Moscow thereby perpetuated the memory of all who gave their lives for the freedom of the Fatherland.
The monument is a monumental architectural ensemble (authors are architects D. Burdin, V. Klimov, and Yu. Rabaev). Above the burial place of the Unknown Soldier, in the center there is a large platform. Above it is a tombstone with five steps made of red granite. The moving words are inscribed on the slab: “Your name is not known, your feat is immortal.” A bronze lamp in the shape of a five-pointed star is mounted at the base of the platform. At its center burns the fire of Eternal Glory.
To the left of the grave is a granite pylon with the inscription: “1941 to those who fell for the Motherland, 1945.” On the right is a row of memorial blocks. Under their slabs there are capsules with the sacred soil of the hero cities. Here is the soil from the Piskarevsky cemetery, where the defenders of Leningrad who defended the city during the siege are buried; from the mass graves of Kyiv and Mamayev Kurgan, where the battles of the great battle on the Volga took place. Here is land from the Malakhov Kurgan, from the “Belt of Glory” of Odessa and land taken from the gates of the Brest Fortress. The other three memorial blocks perpetuated the memory of Minsk, Kerch, and Novorossiysk. The tenth memorial block is dedicated to the hero city of Tula. This entire memorial row is made of dark red porphyry. The soldier’s gravestone was forever covered with a red battle banner cast from ageless copper. The soldier's helmet and laurel branch are made of the same metal - a symbol of people's honor to the hero. At the Eternal Flame, burning in the very center of Moscow, the words shine: Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Tula, Brest Fortress. Behind each of these names is boundless devotion to the Motherland, boundless perseverance and heroism.
Poklonnaya Gora
Poklonnaya Gora is the most significant monument built in honor of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The grand opening of the Victory Memorial in Moscow took place on May 9, 1995. On February 23, 1958, a memorial granite sign was installed on Poklonnaya Hill with the inscription: “A monument to the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War will be built here.” Soldiers ceremoniously marched past him. Trees were planted around and a park was laid out, which was named after Victory. In the 70s and 80s, 194 million rubles were collected from community cleanups and personal contributions from citizens. A plot of land of 135 hectares was allocated for the entire complex.
A lot of work has begun on designing, discussing and selecting the best project for the main monument to freedom. At that time, however, the issue remained unresolved, since none of the designs submitted to the competition were accepted. Everything remained unchanged until the general management of the construction of the Memorial was taken over by Moscow Mayor Yu.M. Luzhkov. And the construction, which threatened to fail, was completed in three years.
The Memorial includes: the main Victory Monument (designed by Z. Tsereteli) 142 meters high; Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. with an area of 33992 sq.m. with an adjacent art gallery with an area of 3550 sq.m.; Victory Park, spread over 135 hectares; Church of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious, consecrated on May 6, 1995 (architect A. Polyansky, artistic design Z. Tsereteli); open-air exhibitions - military equipment and weapons, military equipment of the Navy, railway troops, engineering structures; administrative buildings of the museum, a storage facility with a restoration workshop, etc. In Victory Park there are monuments to “Defenders of the Russian Land” (sculptor A. Bichugov), “All the Fallen” (sculptor V. Znoba) and a memorial sign “A monument to the fallen defenders of Moscow will be built here.”
Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. located in the very center of Victory Park. The entrance hall of the museum is decorated with a marble staircase, at the end of which are placed the Shield and Sword of Victory by Zlatoust masters. Busts of Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov are also installed here; Generalissimo A.V. Suvorov, Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov.
The memorial part of the museum is the Hall of Fame, 25 meters high, 50 meters in diameter. On the marble walls of this hall are the surnames, first names and patronymics of the Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for their exploits during the Great Patriotic War. In the center of the hall is the sculpture “Soldier of Victory”, 10 meters high. The author of this sculpture is V.I. Chill. Under the dome of the hall there are bas-reliefs of hero cities, above a wreath of glory. The vault of the dome is crowned with the Order of Victory.
In three exhibition halls of the Guards there is a military-historical exhibition with relics of the war years. The Hall of Memory with the sculpture “Grieving Mother” (sculptor L. Kerbel) leaves a deep impression. The books of Memory contain the names of those killed in the Great Patriotic War. On the outside of the Hall of Memory are the numbers and honorary names of military units of the Red Army.
Around the Hall of Memory there are 6 dioramas of the largest battles: “Counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow in December 1941”, “Union of fronts. Stalingrad”, “Siege of Leningrad”, “Kursk Bulge”, “Forcing of the Dnieper. 1943,” “Storm of Berlin.” Dioramas made by masters of battle painting studio named after M.B. Grekov, occupy an area of 1500 sq.m.
The author of the diorama “Counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow in December 1941,” Danilevsky Evgeniy Mikhailovich, based the plot on the events of November-December 1941 in the north-west of Moscow in the Yakhroma region and associated with the beginning of the defeat of the Nazi troops. The enemy wanted to deliver the main blow to Moscow through Dmitrov along the eastern bank of the Moscow-Volga canal. The main forces of the enemy were concentrated here: one tank, one infantry, one motorized division. The result of this battle was a serious defeat for the Center group. The front line moved 100-170 km west of Moscow. This was the first victory of our troops.
A rich archive of film and photo documents allows museum visitors to show military everyday life literally day after day. The cycle of newsreels about military operations on the fronts and life in the rear, which is shown in the museum, is called “War Day”.
Guides of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War, based on unique materials, tell visitors about the work of home front workers during the war, about the anti-Hitler coalition, about the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the defeat of the enemy, about famous battles and engagements, about famous commanders and commanders, about soldiers and sailors, whose feat of arms led to the surrender of Nazi Germany on May 8, 1945, to the Victory Parade in Moscow on Red Square on June 24, 1945 and the end of the Second World War.
Monument to the “Defenders of Moscow” (Leningradskoe highway, 40th kilometer)
40th kilometer of Leningradskoye Highway... The city of Zelenograd is one of the new and most beautiful areas of Moscow. It is spread out freely in the forest near Moscow in the area of the Kryukovo station. Here in November-December 1941. The defenders of the Motherland fought to the death. From here they began their victorious journey to the west. In the history of the great battle for Moscow, the battle of Kryukovo is one of its brightest pages. At the end of November 1941 Two groups of fascist German troops broke into this area, previously operating one in the Volokolamsk, the other in the Klin directions. The enemy tried to immediately break through the defenses of our troops and break through to the capital. The soldiers of the Eighth Guards named after I.V. had the opportunity to defend Kryukovo. Panfilov Rifle Division, Second Guards Cavalry Corps, General L.M. Dovator and the first guards tank brigade of General M.E. Katukova. Desperately, despising death, they fought for every street, for every house. Our soldiers retreated only on the night of December 3. They understood that Kryukovo had become a stronghold of the enemy, who had penetrated our defenses near Moscow. Knocking him out of these positions is a task of paramount importance. On January 4th - 6th, attacks on the enemy entrenched in Kryukovo were carried out by units of the 44th Cavalry and 8th Guards Divisions together with the 1st Tank Brigade. The Nazis stubbornly resisted and did everything to hold back the onslaught of our troops. In these battles, our soldiers performed feats of unfading glory. On December 6th alone, 200 enemy soldiers and officers were killed. As a result of heavy fighting, the enemy was broken and on December 8th he fled from Kryukovo in panic. Thousands of soldiers and officers died, at the cost of their lives, pushing the enemy back from Moscow.
June 24, 1974 The opening of a monument to the defenders of Moscow, created according to the design of architects I. Pokrovsky, Yu. Sverdlovsky and A. Shteiman, took place. At the grand opening there were those who walked along the roads of war to Berlin and those who, remaining in the rear, forged formidable weapons, and those who, born after the war, never heard the thunder of guns.
On the Hill of Glory, which forever covered the ashes of the heroes, stands a forty-meter-tall obelisk in the shape of a triangular bayonet. The contours of a five-pointed star are stamped on it. At an angle to the obelisk there is a monumental stele with a bas-relief of a warrior. A heavy helmet shades his eyes, looking sternly out of the stone. A laurel branch is carved on one of the blocks. Nearby are the words: “1941. Here the defenders of Moscow, who died in battle for their Motherland, remained immortal forever.”
At the foot of the hill on a black marble slab is a bronze bowl. Along its inner side there is an ornament made of red copper - an oak branch - a symbol of eternal life. On the bowl is the inscription: “The Motherland will never forget her sons.”
Monument to Moscow militia heroes.
In a terrible time of danger looming over the Motherland, hundreds of thousands of Moscow workers joined the people's militia. In the first days of the war alone, Muscovites submitted 167,470 applications. Within four days, 12 divisions of people's militia were created in Moscow. It was envisaged that they would defend the immediate approaches to the capital. But the situation at the front was such that in mid-July all the militia divisions advanced to the distant approaches, occupying the second line of defense at the line: Lake Seliger - Rzhev - Vyazma - Dorogobuzh - Lyudinovo. In September 1941 Moscow divisions of the people's militia were included in the regular formations. The Moscow people's militia carried their battle flags high, sacredly preserving the glorious military traditions of Muscovites. For the courage and fortitude shown in battles with the enemy, three divisions - Leningrad, Kyiv and Kuibyshev districts of Moscow were awarded the high rank of guards. The Union of Artists presented the workers of the Voroshilovsky district with a sculptural composition that immortalized the feat of the militia in bronze. It was installed on People's Militia Street on May 8, 1974. Sculptor O. Kiryukhin. A memorial plaque was unveiled on one of the residential buildings. The words are inscribed on it in gold:
People's Militia Street was named in 1964. in honor of those formed in Moscow in 1941. divisions of the people's militia who fought for the freedom and independence of our Motherland and took part in the defeat of the fascist hordes near Moscow.
Mikhailova Street
Among the glorious pilots who repeated the feat of Nikolai Gastetello is Evgeniy Vitalievich Mikhailov.
A monument to him was erected on the street named after him (sculptor G. Shakirov). The face of a young man in a flight helmet seems to protrude from a steel stele, symbolizing the wing of an airplane.
In March 1944 On his combat account there were 83 combat missions and 5 downed enemy aircraft. He was twice awarded military orders, and front-line newspapers wrote about him. March 17, 1944 Evgeny Mikhailov, having completed the task, sent his plane to the base. Fascist anti-aircraft gunners fired from the ground. The gas tank was pierced by shrapnel and flames began to flicker on the wing. It was possible to jump out with a parachute, but there were enemies on the ground. The brave falcon chose death over captivity. But he wanted this death to cost the Nazis dearly. And the pilot directed the burning plane towards a train with fuel standing on the tracks of the railway station...
October 26, 1944 Evgeny Vitalievich Mikhailov was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
There is a memorial plaque in the lobby of the Moscow school where the hero studied. At the site of Mikhailov’s death, a bronze bust of the hero was installed on a high marble pedestal.
Rogachevsky Lane
December 1, 1941 At the fork of the Rogachev highway near the village of Kiovo, the last attempt of the Nazi troops to break through our defenses failed. The positions there were held by artillerymen of the 13th battery of the 864th anti-aircraft regiment. Two 85-millimeter guns of this battery, located on the sides of the Rogachev highway, repelled the attacks of the Nazis one after another in a brutal and bloody battle, destroying 6 tanks and hundreds of fascists. On December 2, the final counterattack was launched. As a result, the enemy's attempt to break through to Moscow along the Rogachev highway was thwarted. In memory of the battles on the Rogachev highway, one of the Moscow lanes, located in the Timiryazevsky district, got its name. At the fork of the Rogachevsky and Krasnopolyansky highways, a memorial was erected - an anti-aircraft gun on a concrete pedestal.
Monument to the soldiers of the 3rd Shock Army. Serebryany Bor. Tamanskaya street.
April 27, 1975 To commemorate the 30th anniversary of the people's Victory over Nazi Germany, a grand opening of a monument dedicated to the soldiers of the 3rd Shock Army took place in Serebryany Bor, one of the picturesque areas of Moscow. It is a large rectangular stele, created according to the design of the artist - Muscovite A.A. Andreeva. The facade of the monument is a giant five-pointed star made of steel. Under a color photograph of the fascist Reichstag blazing in flames, a red stripe skillfully mounted in the concrete marks the battle path of this illustrious army.
The inscription reads:
Here in Serebryany Bor in December 1941. The headquarters of the 3rd Shock Army was located, whose troops took part in the defeat of the enemy near Moscow, liberating cities and towns in the Kalinin and Pskov regions, Soviet Latvia and Poland. In 1945 stormed Berlin and hoisted the banner of victory over the Reichstag.
Plant “Compressor” Memorial plaque, monument.
The Moscow Kompressor plant became the first enterprise in the country to establish mass production of the famous Katyusha rocket launchers. This task was set before the plant management at the end of June 1941. The plant workers showed true labor heroism, and in August the first BM-13 units were presented for testing.
The artillerymen present at them were delighted with the effect of this formidable weapon. By the beginning of December 1941. the three fronts that went on the counteroffensive already had 415 rocket artillery installations. On the territory of the plant, as a monument to the labor glory of the workers, a “Katyusha” stands on a granite pedestal, and a memorial plaque is installed on the facade of the building. The words burn in gold on the marble:
Here, during the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. workers at the Kompressor plant forged weapons that were formidable to the enemy: rocket launchers, the famous Katyushas.
Yablochkova street. Square, monument-monument.
The burning tank rushed forward, through hurricane fire from enemy artillery, through a minefield in which several tanks had already been blown up. There were only a few meters left to the end when a mine exploded under the caterpillar. Death overtook the heroic crew, but a passage was made in the minefield, and our tanks rushed into it. This feat was performed by tankmen from one of the units of the 3rd Tank Army near the walls of the old Russian city of Kozelsk. This army was formed in 1942. mainly from volunteers - Muscovites and Tula residents and became the first large tank formation. Now, in a small park on Yablochkova Street in Moscow, there is a monument topped with the combat turret of the famous T-34. The words carved on granite indicate that the monument was erected in honor of the soldiers of the 3rd Guards Tank Army.
Memorial plaques on former hospital buildings.
A number of medical service buildings located in different districts of Moscow have memorial plaques with almost the same content:
In this building from the first days of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. there was a hospital for wounded soldiers of the Soviet army.
Such boards are available on buildings: hospitals named after S.P. Botkin, 6th city hospital, Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine, 1st city hospital. Behind the modest words of the text of the memorial plaques stands the selfless work of hundreds of Moscow medical workers. At the end of 1941 in Moscow and the region there were over 200 hospitals in which tens of thousands of wounded were being treated. Medicine won a huge victory in the Great Patriotic War. She returned 72% of wounded and sick soldiers to duty. In honor of the glorious patriotic doctors in Moscow near the building of the 1st Medical Institute named after I.M. A monument was erected to Sechenov (sculptor L. Kerbel).
French military mission building
On Kropotkinskaya Embankment there is a two-story building with a figured roof, decorated in the Old Russian style. During the Second World War, the French military mission was located here. In May 1956 A solemn ceremony took place to unveil a memorial plaque on the mission building in memory of the French pilots of the Normandie-Niemen regiment. There is an inscription carved on the board in French and Russian:
In memory of the French pilots of the Normandie-Niemen regiment who died during the Second World War, fighting side by side with the soldiers of the Soviet Army.
The following are the names of forty-two French pilots. The regiment's combat path went from the Moscow region to East Prussia. Its pilots flew 5,300 sorties, conducted 869 air battles, shot down 268 aircraft and destroyed a significant amount of Nazi manpower and equipment on the ground.
Monument to G.K. Zhukov
Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov made a huge contribution to the victory of our country over Nazi Germany. Thanks to his skillful actions, the Nazis were defeated.
On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the victory, a monument to this talented commander was erected on Manezhnaya Square. G.K. Zhukov is depicted riding a horse.
Conclusion
On the night of May 1, 1945. After an almost four-year break, the blackout was lifted in Moscow, as well as throughout the country, the street lights were turned on again and the ruby stars of the Kremlin flashed. The light over Moscow foreshadowed the last hour of the war.
Late in the evening of May 8, 1945. the solemn voice of the announcer sounded, announcing the unconditional surrender of Germany. May 9, 1945 was declared Victory Day. On this day, Moscow saluted twice: at 20.00 - in honor of the liberation of the capital of Czechoslovakia, Prague, and at 22.00 - to commemorate the complete victory over Germany.
For military exploits on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, more than 800 Muscovites received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
And June 24, 1945 The Victory Parade took place on Red Square, in which combined regiments of ten fronts, composed of the most distinguished warriors - heroes of the battles, took part. After the solemn march, 200 soldiers, accompanied by the beating of drums, threw 200 banners of the defeated fascist army, captured in battle, at the foot of the Lenin Mausoleum.
Valiant warriors and tireless workers - they brought well-deserved glory to Moscow and the Motherland. On the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany, Moscow was awarded the honorary title of Hero City.
13:11 — REGNUM
75 years ago, on June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began. Victory in it became the greatest test and the greatest pride for Russia. The memory of fallen soldiers, home front workers and civilians is immortalized in numerous memorials throughout the country. You can visit each of these memorials, lay flowers and remember those who fell in the Great Patriotic War.
Daria Antonova © IA REGNUM
1. Monument-ensemble “Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad”, Mamayev Kurgan, Volgograd. The most famous memorial dedicated to the Great Patriotic War is majestic and symbolic. It took 8.5 years to build: from 1959 to 1967. The chief architect was Evgeniy Vuchetich.
There are 200 steps leading from the base to the top of the mound. This number was not chosen by chance: that is how many days the Battle of Stalingrad lasted, which put an end to the offensive of the fascist troops.
2. Museum-reserve “Prokhorovskoye Field”, Belgorod region, Prokhorovka village. The vicinity of the Prokhorovka railway station on July 12, 1943 became the site of the largest tank battle in history.
(cc) Galina Vanina
More than 1,500 tanks of the Red Army and the fascist invaders fought in the battle. This battle turned the tide of the Battle of Kursk and the war as a whole.
3. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Moscow. The memorial was opened in May 1967 after the burial of the ashes of an unknown soldier who died in the battle for Moscow near the Kremlin wall.
Daria Antonova © IA REGNUM
The remains were transferred from the mass grave to 41 km of Leningradskoye Highway. The eternal flame of glory was brought in 1967 from the Campus Martius. At the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the fire was lit by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Leonid Brezhnev, having received the torch from the hands of the legendary pilot Alexei Maresyev.
Oryol Region. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, a stronghold of a group of fascist troops was located in the region. In 1942, the Bolkhov operation was carried out, with the bloodiest battle in the Krivtsovo-Chagodaevo-Gorodishche area.
After the offensive, Soviet troops were able to advance 20 km, but then stopped. This did not allow the enemy to transfer forces to the Battle of Stalingrad. During the Bolkhov operation, more than 21 thousand soldiers and officers were killed, and more than 47 thousand were injured.
5. Murmansk “Alyosha”— monument to the “Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945.” It was founded in 1969 on the Cape Verde hill, where anti-aircraft batteries were located that defended the city from air raids.
(cc) Tara-Amingu
The Murmansk region is the only region where the enemy did not pass more than 30 km from the state border. And the fiercest battles took place on the right bank of the Zapadnaya Litsa River, later renamed the Valley of Glory. “Alyosha’s” gaze is directed exactly there.
6. Rear to front, Magnitogorsk. This is the first part of a triptych of monuments, including “The Motherland Calls” in Volgograd and “The Liberator Warrior” in Berlin.
7. Monument to Sailor and Soldier, Sevastopol. A 40-meter monument with a difficult fate. The decision to build a memorial complex at Cape Khrustalny was made back in the 70s of the last century, but construction began only decades later.
(cc) Sergey Sekachev
Construction proceeded slowly, then it was mothballed, as the project was considered unsuccessful, and in the late 80s the possibility of dismantling the monument was seriously discussed. Subsequently, supporters of the monument won, and money was allocated for restoration, but the initially approved project was never completed. Now the Soldier and Sailor Monument is a must-see for tourist groups, although there are many of its critics among local residents.
Moscow city. For the first time, on the site of a hill between the Setun and Filka rivers, back in 1942, it was proposed to erect a monument to the national feat of 1812. However, in the difficult conditions of the Great Patriotic War, the project could not be implemented.
(cc) Aleksander Kaasik
Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill
Subsequently, a sign was installed on Poklonnaya Hill with the promise that a Victory monument would appear in this place. A park was laid out around it, which also received a similar name. Construction of the memorial began in 1984, and was completed only 11 years later: the complex was inaugurated on May 9, 1995, on the 50th anniversary of the war.
9. Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery, Saint Petersburg. This is the largest burial site for victims of the Second World War; about 420 thousand residents of besieged Leningrad who died of hunger, cold and disease, and 70 thousand soldiers who heroically fought for the northern capital are buried in 186 mass graves.
(cc)George Arutunian
The grand opening of the memorial took place on May 9, 1960. The dominant feature of the ensemble is the “Mother Motherland” monument with a granite stele on which is engraved the epitaph of Olga Berggolts with the famous line “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.” The poetess wrote this poem specifically for the opening of the Piskarevsky memorial.
G. Saratov. Yuri Menyakin, the creator of the memorial complex in memory of Saratov residents who died in the war, was inspired by the song “Cranes” based on the poems of Rasul Gamzatov.
(cc) Alexey Ivanov
Therefore, the main theme of the monument was bright memory and bright sadness. A wedge of 12 silver cranes flying west symbolizes the souls of fallen soldiers.
An overview of outstanding memorials dedicated to the Great Patriotic War was provided by the Federal Agency for Tourism.
In different parts of Belarus, which lost every third inhabitant in 1941-1945, symbolic memorial complexes have been created and monuments dedicated to the events of the most tragic and bloody war on this long-suffering land have been erected.
Today there are about 9 thousand monuments and burial places in the country Great Patriotic War. They are included in military historical routes and excursions, but the main thing is that they are holy place for honoring the dead, an eternal reminder of how peace is priceless…
Minsk, Victory Square
Architectural and sculptural complex "Minsk - Hero City"
Stele "Minsk is a hero city", erected in 1985 in honor of 40th anniversary of the Great Victory, today is part of the grandiose ensemble. In 1974, Minsk received the title Hero Cities for the courage and bravery of its inhabitants during fascist occupation which continued 1100 days and nights. Crowned with a 45-meter obelisk Hero Star, and at the foot there is a text engraved about conferring an honorary title on the city. The ensemble is complemented by a bronze sculpture of a woman with a fanfare raised high - a symbol Motherland. Today at the stele "Minsk-hero city" There is a grandiose military parade and procession on the main national holiday.
Minsk, Pobediteley Avenue
More than 5 thousand Belarusian villages were wiped off the face of the earth during Great Patriotic War. Among them Dalva, June 19, 1944, repeating the tragic fate Khatyn. Today, on this site there is a memorial to the victims, concrete crowns of log huts and a small museum. The initiator of the creation of the complex, the person who devoted his whole life to it, was Nikolai Girilovich, miraculously survived that tragic day. The remaining residents of the village - 44 people, 29 of whom were children, were herded into one house and burned alive. The Nazis carried out a brutal punitive operation just 10 days before the arrival of the Red Army troops...
Minsk region, Logoisk district
Minsk region, Smolevichi district
Minsk district
Brest
In the heart of the memorial dedicated to to the heroes-liberators of Pinsk – mass grave, where the ashes of 244 soldiers rest, monument to the armored boat BK-92 and symbolic sign, installed at the landing site of the Dnieper flotilla. The famous one has been restored nearby "Dot Molchanova": in 1944, the major's command post was located here Georgy Molchanov, who commanded the 1323rd Infantry Regiment. It was from here that the first message about the liberation of Pinsk came. Today, the interior of the legendary headquarters has been recreated, and in exposition you can see plans of military operations, maps, a journal in memory of soldiers... Afterwards, an open-air museum of military equipment appeared in the memorial complex.
Brest region, Pinsk
Mogilev
Memorial complex "Dugout"
Huge guerrilla "dugout" made of concrete, as well as stele with a commemorative inscription appeared in 1982 on the 1st kilometer of the highway – Chausy. In these places at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War there was Western Front headquarters. Here July 1, 1941 With the participation of Marshals of the Soviet Union K. Voroshilov and B. Shaposhnikov, the first meeting on the protection and creation of underground detachments behind enemy lines was held. And a few days later it began, on the outskirts of which 23 days and nights stood 172nd(General M. Romanov) and 110th(Colonel V. Khlebtsev) rifle divisions 61st Rifle Corps of the 13th Army, other Red Army units advancing from the west, and people's militias who stood up to defend their hometown.
Mogilev district
Memorial complex "In memory of the burned villages of the Mogilev region"
Memorial ensemble in the village Borki The Kirov region preserves the memory of the Mogilev region villages burned during the Great Patriotic War. It so happened that there are hundreds of places in Belarus that shared the fate of the world-famous one. The tragic stories of many of them formed the basis of the famous documentary book "I am from the fiery weight" Belarusian authors Ales Adamovich, Yanka Bryl and Vladimir Kolesnik, who recorded for posterity the true story of more than 300 witnesses of those days... In the bloody list and Borki, which went down in the history of one of the most massive punitive operations of the war. On June 15, 1942, the Nazis burned the residents of the village and surrounding villages - a total of 1,800 people... Decades later, buildings were built here Memory Wall and six plates with the names of destroyed settlements, bells and chapel in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Seeking the Lost".
Mogilev region, Kirov district, Borki village
Memorial of Military Glory "Ludchicka Height"
Symbolic figure guslar, glorifying the exploits of warriors, rises above a high earthen mound. As if frozen in the air, an eternal song of courage glorifies the heroism and bravery of the fallen soldiers. At the foot of the mound there is a wall-stele with six bas-reliefs of Heroes of the Soviet Union: Vladimir Martynov, Sundutkali Iskaliev, Gulyam Yakubov, who gave their lives during the storming of the Ludchitsa Heights in June 1944, as well as Ivan Borisevich, Pyotr Vinichenko and Galaktion Razmadze, who participated in the liberation of the Bykhov land. Symbol of memory of the war - Eternal flame- burns at the monument, and the names of the soldiers who died in the battles for the heights are inscribed on the memorial at the mound of military glory...
Mogilev region, Bykhovsky district
Dedicated to the soldiers and partisans who took part in the decisive stage of the liberation operation in June 1944. The 40,000-strong German Army Group Center was defeated. In 1967, local residents immortalized the feat of the liberating heroes in Mounds of Glory, inside of which are capsules with soil from 70 mass graves. On an 18-meter pedestal stands a sculptural composition of two soldiers, and next to it are 6 steles with statues of fallen Heroes of the Soviet Union: Ivan Orel, Nikolai Kolodko, Alexander Chernysh, Mikhail Seleznev, Ivan Maslovsky and Nikolai Izyumov. In our time, the memorial has been supplemented Gate of Glory and 13 memorial plaques in honor of the Heroes of the Soviet Union who died during the liberation of the region.
Mogilev region, Bobruisk district, Sychkovo village
Memorial complex "Victory Square" in Vitebsk
Memorial in honor of Soviet soldiers and partisans of the Vitebsk region, called citizens "Three bayonets", located on the river bank Dvina in the heart of the city. Each of the three 56-meter obelisks-bayonets is crowned with a cast relief - "Warriors", "Underground", "Partisans". The eternal flame, lit on the star-podium, illuminates the inscription of the unifying inner ring of the monument - “Glory to the Heroes”. In addition to the main memorial, the complex includes 2 large pools with fountains, 10 pylons and sculptural compositions with images of Soviet soldiers and civilians. In Pobediteley Park there is also Walk of Military Glory And exposition of military equipment from the Great Patriotic War.
On the banks of the Dnieper, there is a monument to the BM-13 rocket artillery combat vehicle, which Soviet soldiers called "Katyusha". Its structure and the stunning effect of the fire tornado remained a mystery to the Germans for many years. And precisely in Orsha July 14, 1941 sounded the first combat salvoes of the Katyusha: experimental battery of seven vehicles under the command of Captain I. Flerov attacked enemy trains at the railway station and positions at the river crossing. The memorial unites 6 skyward "mortar launchers" made of concrete, and in the center on a pedestal is installed exact copy of "Katyusha" model 1941. At the entrance to the complex there is a black cube with a commemorative inscription about the first strike of the famous weapon.
Vitebsk region, Orsha, st. Mogilevskaya
Memorial complex "Curse of Fascism"
Vitebsk region, Dokshitsy district, Shunevka village
Memorial complex "Breakthrough"
The impressive complex was created on the site of the fascist blockade by partisans of the Polotsk-Lepel zone - one of the largest in occupied Belarus. Real partisan republic with a center in Ushachi existed since the fall of 1942, and in the spring of 1944 the Germans threw 60 thousand punitive forces, aviation, tanks, and artillery against 17 thousand partisans. And yet, on the tragic night of May 4–5, the partisans defeated the enemy, leading 16 thousand civilians out of encirclement... Hundreds of soldiers were buried in the mass grave of “Breakthrough,” and even more names were immortalized on the slabs. Memorial opens bronze card defense, and then arrow road passes between huge boulders, indicating the direction of the main attack, where a fearless warrior “runs” with a machine gun in his hands. Nearby are 16 oak trees as a symbol of the steadfastness of 16 partisan brigades. The memorial complex also includes a “partisan village” - a series of dugouts with wartime utensils - and an exhibition of army equipment.
Vitebsk region, Ushachi district, Paperino village
Memorial complex "Mound of Glory" in Gomel
Gomel "Mound of Glory" created in 1967 in honor of the feat of soldiers and partisans who died at the fronts Great Patriotic War. At the foot of the memorial were laid capsules with earth from more than 200 places in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, where the largest military battles took place, including famous hero cities: Moscow, Kyiv, Leningrad, Odessa and the main citadel of Belarus - . In 2013, during a large-scale reconstruction To 70th anniversary of the liberation of Gomel appeared at the Mound of Glory Eternal flame. In year centenary of the October Revolution The message to descendants, placed in the "Kurgan" during its construction, was opened and a new one was laid - so that 50 years later, in 2067, it would be read by successors.
Gomel
Memorial complex dedicated to Operation Bagration
TO 70th anniversary of the liberation of Belarus from the Nazi invaders in the Svetlogorsk region the world's first memorial complex was founded, dedicated to one of the greatest military operations in the history of mankind. It is here, near the village of Rakovichi on the 71st kilometer of the Bobruisk-Mozyr highway, June 23, 1944 A large-scale offensive by Soviet troops began, which lasted more than two months. As a result of the operation, code-named in honor of the hero Patriotic War of 1812 commander Peter Bagration, were liberated Belarus, partly territory Baltics and Poland, and most importantly, a crushing blow was dealt to the German Army Group Center, which completely weakened Germany. ...The first object of the complex was the 7-meter one, which ensured the success of the operation...
The memorial complex also includes a dugout-like museum dedicated to Operation Bagration, a chapel with a memorial book, and an exhibition of military equipment and weapons.
Gomel region, Svetlogorsk district, Rakovichi village
Memorial complex "Loev"
Memorial complex in Loev dedicated to the heroes of one of the largest battles Great Patriotic War– operations in October 1943. Back in 1966, an 18-meter obelisk was installed in the center of the urban village - a small copy of the Victory Monument in Minsk. After to 70th anniversary of the Great Victory the entire central square turned into a memorial ensemble. On the open exhibition area Museum of the Battle of the Dnieper on both sides of Walk of Fame samples of military equipment participating in the battle have been identified. Hundreds of names are immortalized on memorial plaques. For incredible courage in the battles on the Loyev bridgehead 323 warriors were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union- a unique fact in the history of the Great Patriotic War.
Gomel region, town Loev
Memorial complex "Memory"
Dobrush, whose residents, together with the soldiers of the Red Army, bravely defended the city, was liberated from the occupation of the Nazi invaders on October 10, 1943. In 2005, on the site of a mass grave on the banks of the Iput River, a memorial complex "Memory", where the names of 700 soldiers who gave their lives during the defense of the city are immortalized.
Gomel region, Dobrush
Memorial ensemble in honor of soldiers of the Belarusian border district
Memorial erected in 2004 in the central part Grodno, dedicated to Soviet soldiers who heroically defended borders of the country from the very first days Great Patriotic War. On the background border pillars– symbols of the 15 union republics – rises a bronze sculpture of three warriors who, securely covering the border with their bodies and clutching weapons in their hands, pass through the fiery walls of defense. The leitmotif of the composition was the inscription: “To the dead, but not defeated, border guard soldiers of the Belarusian border district.” The ensemble is complemented granite slabs, symbolizing the mass graves of those courageous soldiers who June 21, 1941 were the first to engage the enemy.
Grodno
Memorial complex "Shaulichi"
Memorial "Shaulichi"- another of the largest monuments in Belarus, dedicated to the tragedy of the “villages of fire”, erased from the face of the Earth in the years. During the punitive operation in the morning July 7, 1943 the Germans shot here 366 people, including 120 children, and burned 77 houses. After this bloody massacre Shaulichi village, which is called the “little sister,” was not revived, and the memory of the tragedy was immortalized in the memorial complex. An obelisk and a sculptural composition appeared next to the mass graves of killed civilians "The Warrior and the Underground Woman", two mournful crosses... During the war, 40 wooden log houses-symbols, granite slabs and memorial plaques with the names of the victims were installed on the site of the burned houses. In the heart of the memorial, a sad ringing reminds of hundreds of lost lives...
Grodno region, Volkovysk district
Memorials at the sites of death camps and ghettos
Created by the Nazis, bloody camp "Trostenets" became the largest on the territory of the Soviet Union and fourth in Europe after the notorious Auschwitz, Majdanek and Treblinka. According to official data, on "factory of death" around Minsk 206.5 thousand people died, but there is evidence that there were much more victims. "Trostenets" united several places of brutal massacre: a labor concentration camp near the village Maly Trostenets, tract Blagovshchina, where mass executions took place, tract Shashkovka, where the bodies of the dead were burned in a huge “pit-oven”... On the territory of the former death camp there was a grandiose one - a symbol of national and universal memory of the victims of Nazism.
In Trostenets, the Nazis exterminated civilians and prisoners of war, prisoners of the Minsk ghetto, members of the underground and partisans, Jews taken from Poland, Austria, Germany, Czechoslovakia and other European countries...
Minsk
Memorial "The Pit" dedicated to the victims of the Holocaust
Memorial "Yama" in Minsk- a tragic reminder of the inhumanity of the Nazis, a symbol of eternal pain and sorrow. During the Great Patriotic War, in the occupied Belarusian capital, it was created for the extermination of Jews: by the end of October 1943, they were exterminated here more than 100 thousand Human. Among numerous murders and pogroms, the bloody massacre of March 2, 1942, went down in history, when the Nazis shot more than 5 thousand Jews, including 200 orphans from an orphanage along with teachers and medical staff... Thousands of bodies of people killed in Minsk ghetto, dumped into a pit where an impressive memorial now stands. In its center is a memorial black marble obelisk, installed back in 1947, and a staircase-composition leads to a deep pit paved by hand "Last way": 27 bronze figures, like faceless shadows, descend to be killed...
Near the “Pit” there is an alley of the Righteous Among the Nations, where the names of Belarusians are immortalized, who saved people of Jewish nationality under pain of death. In total, during the war years there were over 100 ghettos on the territory of Belarus, where Jews from Germany, Poland, Austria and other countries were brought for liquidation...
G. Minsk, st. Melnikayte
Gomel region, Zhlobin district, Krasny Bereg village
Memorial complex "Ozarichi"
...The cruel one lasted only two weeks, but during this time the Nazis managed to exterminate at least 20 thousand people. In March 1944 it was created by order Hitler in the vicinity of the village Ozarichi on Polesie, in order not only to torture prisoners, but also to weaken the advancing Red Army. Here - in edge of the swamps- brought patients with typhus and other infections that could quickly spread among local residents and Soviet soldiers. In the territory Ozarich death zone, which united several places, there were no buildings: women, children and the elderly were kept in the open air, and the approaches to the camp were mined. From this horror liberators rescued over 30 thousand prisoners, among which more than half are children. In 1965, a memorial was created that unites three white steles - symbol of the Ozarich camps– on which prisoners are depicted and names are carved.
Opened in 2004 Museum of Memory of the Victims of the Ozarich Death Zone, where unique materials are collected: memories and recordings of eyewitnesses, documents, photographs, correspondence with former prisoners and liberators...
Gomel region, Kalinkovichi district
Memorial complex "Lupolovsky prisoner of war camp"
In August 1941, on the outskirts of the Lupolovo suburb, the Nazis created camp for Soviet prisoners of war. Prisoners were starved, interrogated and brutally tortured: up to 250 people died every day behind barbed wire through which electric current was passed. In total, about 80 thousand prisoners of war died in the camp, and only the names of 389 of them are known. One of the prisoners was General Mikhail Romanov- commander of the famous 172nd Infantry Division, which heroically defended the city in July 1941. In memory of those who died at the site of the death camp, the first monument appeared in 1948, and in 1984, in honor of the 40th anniversary of the liberation of Mogilev, it was opened memorial Complex.
On the site of the Lupolovsky concentration camp there is also mass grave soldiers of the 238th and 369th rifle divisions of the 2nd Belorussian Front, who participated in liberation of Mogilev in June 1944.
Mogilev
Military museums
Halls and exhibitions dedicated to Great Patriotic War, are open in all historical and local history museums of Belarus. Priceless rarities, military chronicles cities and villages, tragedies of broken lives, stories about the feats of people who contributed to the long-awaited Victory - every region of the country keeps the memory of those terrible years...
Rare exhibits are also found in school museums, where for decades post-war generations have been collecting evidence of hard times, memories of soldiers, partisans and underground fighters, camp prisoners and civilians...
Traveling around Belarus, you can not only visit numerous local exhibitions, but also truly see unique military collections.
The main repository of rarities - first in the world, which was founded precisely in Minsk. TO 70th anniversary of the liberation of Belarus From the Nazi invaders, the museum opened in , and became an interactive historical complex. Today the Belarusian museum is also one of the largest collections on the planet dedicated to events Second World War.
Also large-scale military collections of Belarus present:
Vitebsk Regional Museum Hero of the Soviet Union Minai Shmyrev;
Museum of the Battle of the Dnieper in Loev.
