2kl env world starry sky. Starry sky in autumn

One astronomer wrote the following words: “The starry sky is the Great Book of Nature.” Whoever manages to read this will discover the countless treasures of the Cosmos surrounding us.”

Try to explain these words. Why did the scientist call the starry sky the Great Book of Nature? What treasures did he mean? Test yourself on the “Self-Test Pages”.

Answer. For centuries, people have admired and studied the starry sky - one of the greatest spectacles of Nature. Now, in the words of Tsiolkovsky, the “era of close study of the sky” has arrived. Space flights have brought the stars closer to us, and now even those who are far from astronomy want not only to admire the starry sky, but also to understand the true meaning of this picture.

Knowing the constellations is the ABC of astronomy. It is absolutely necessary for both an amateur astronomer and even more so for a specialist astronomer. Just as it is impossible to imagine a geographer who does not know the appearance of the earth’s globe, so it is also unthinkable for an astronomer to get confused in the star patterns of the sky.

For those who are well acquainted with the constellations and their location in relation to the horizon at different times of the day and year, the stars can serve as excellent landmarks, allowing one to find the sides of the horizon in an unfamiliar area and even approximately determine the moment of time. It was this circumstance that prompted the ancients to carefully study the starry sky. Nowadays, methods of orientation by constellations should be well known to tourists, scouts, sailors, and pilots - in short, to all those for whom earthly landmarks can sometimes be ineffective.

Observers of artificial Earth satellites and other spacecraft should also know the constellations well. From the earth's surface at any given moment in time we see only half of the starry sky. Astronauts traveling from Earth to the Moon face a different picture. The earth's landscapes are disappearing. Their place is occupied by an all-encompassing black starry sky, enveloping the observer from all sides. It is clear that in such an environment knowledge of the constellations is even more necessary than on Earth. On long-distance space flights, the stars will become the main landmarks.

Those who search for new comets should know the starry sky especially well. When, among many faintly luminous stars, a tiny nebulous speck appears - a new, unfamiliar comet - it is easy to confuse it with distant nebulae dotting the sky.

Since ancient times, people have observed celestial bodies, their glow, and movement. They noticed that every star appears in the sky in the same places and at the same time. This is how the first celestial (solar) clocks and calendars, star charts for sailors arose. Knowing the location of the stars, you can always determine the cardinal directions. Astrologers used the stars to predict future events.

Remember your observations of the starry sky. What do you think about, what do you imagine, what do you feel when you see the sky decorated with a scattering of stars? Compare your observations with the description in the atlas.

Answer. I always feel that the world is huge, that I am part of something. I also think that at this very moment many people are looking at the same sky in exactly the same way as I am...

The sky looks different at different times of the year. I especially like the evening sunset in the summer, there is such a thing going on in the sky that you freeze in place, forgetting about everything in front of the Universe - about your problems. I want to look and look endlessly at this boundless, attractive ocean of stars. When you look at the sky for a long time, you manage to see amazing objects, animals, and sometimes some scenes and it seems - is this a mirage or is it all for real? And in winter we often observe an atmospheric optical phenomenon - a rainbow of ice crystals around the moon or around lanterns, or the northern lights. This is an indescribable beauty that gives peace of mind and a great boost of energy.

1. Learn the rules for observing the starry sky. Which of them did you already know and carry out through your own observations, and which were new to you? In the future, use these rules when you observe the stars.

Answer. I knew that I had to watch the stars in the evening or at night, away from streetlights, when there were no clouds in the sky. The new thing I learned was a guide atlas and how to navigate with the help of the Big Dipper.

2. Look at the pages of the “Stars” section in the atlas-determinant. Find constellations that are familiar to you. Which of them were you able to see in the sky with your own eyes? What do you know about them?

Answer. The constellation Orion is one of the most beautiful constellations in the sky, it is a decoration of the winter night sky in northern latitudes. The constellation Orion is easy to find in the sky and has many bright stars.

The brightest star in the constellation Orion is Rigel, which has a magnitude of 0.1. Rigel is the beta star of the constellation.

The oldest constellation in the northern hemisphere, which contains the galaxy of the same name. Andromeda is a fairly large constellation that covers an area of ​​722 square degrees. According to this indicator, it is in 19th place.

You can see it throughout Russia. Andromeda can be seen all year round, although the best time is October. To find a constellation in the sky, it is enough to first find the square of Pegasus. In the northeastern corner of this square shines a bright star - Alferaz. She is Alpha Andromeda and its beginning, since the shape of the constellation resembles a bunch of three rays converging precisely in Alferats.

A bright and beautiful constellation of the northern hemisphere, covering an area of ​​598 square degrees. Its outline resembles the letter W and contains about 150 stars, visible to the naked eye. But it is precisely five of them that are the brightest and give the constellation an easily recognizable shape.

It is very easy to find it in the sky. You need to draw a line from the Big Dipper to the North Star and continue it. The line will point directly to Cassiopeia.

In general, Cassiopeia and Ursa Major are two non-setting constellations in the northern hemisphere, only they are located on either side of the North Star.

The five main stars of the constellation have their own names: Shedar, Rukbah, Navi, Segin and Kaf. All of them are of second magnitude and are perfectly visible even without binoculars.

How will you supplement your story about the world from the point of view of an astronomer, using the knowledge acquired in the lesson?

Answer. There are billions of galaxies in the Universe. Some are very small and contain only a few million stars. While others may have up to 400 billion stars or even more. There are three types of galaxies: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. Our own galaxy, called the Milky Way, lies within a group of galaxies we call the local group. The only way they differ is in shape.

P.21. Check yourself.

1. How to observe the starry sky correctly?

Answer. You need to watch in the evening, when the sky is clear. Adults must be present during observation. It is better to view the sky with the naked eye. There should be no bright lights near the observation site. You need to learn to distinguish between the northern and southern parts of the sky. To determine the constellation, you can use special books, for example, an atlas-identifier.

2.Name the constellations that we learned about in the lesson.

Answer. During the lesson we learned the constellations - Ursa Minor, Canis Major, Taurus, Pleiades. In temperate latitudes of the Earth's northern hemisphere, Ursa Minor is visible all year round. Taurus - in different parts of the night - except late spring and early summer. Orion - except for the end of spring and the first half of summer, Canis Major - in winter. Taurus, Orion and Canis Major are winter constellations. Every day any star rises and sets (if it rises and sets at all) 4 minutes earlier than the day before. So these constellations are visible in the second half of the night in autumn, at night in winter, and in the evening in spring.

3. What stars did you meet?

Answer. We met the stars - the North Star, Sirius, Aldebaran.

Homework assignments

1. Make models of the constellations studied in the lesson in a way convenient for you (appliqué model, three-dimensional plasticine model, etc.).

Answer. Can be made from wire and foam. Bend the wire into the shape of a ladle, and cut out balls from foam plastic and place them on the wire.

2. Using the identification atlas, find out how to find the polar star in the sky and find it. Using the North Star as a guide, determine the direction of the main sides of the horizon. Find out at what time of year and in what part of the sky you should observe the constellations Orion, Canis Major, Taurus, and the Pleiades star cluster. Make appropriate observations. We need to find the constellation Ursa Major.

Answer. The front “wall” of the bucket is formed by the stars Merak and Dubhe. If we mentally connect these stars with a line and continue it further, we will find the North Star (or we can say that the North Star is the last one in the “handle” of the Ursa Minor bucket). It indicates the direction north.

Orion, Canis Major, Taurus, Pleiades - southern part of the sky, in winter.

LESSON SUMMARY

AROUND THE WORLD

IN 2nd CLASS

THEME: STARRY SKY

Lesson objectives: generalize elementary ideas about the Universe, the Sun, stars; give the concept of “constellation”, “astronomy”,

introduce the purpose of a telescope, teach how to find famous constellations on a map of the starry sky, develop creative imagination and curiosity.

Equipment: poster "Map of the Starry Sky", exhibition of books about Space, text "Constellation Cygnus", attributes for the characters in the scene, multimedia presentation "Starry Sky".

I . Message of the topic, purpose of the lesson.

The world in which we live is huge, diverse, vast.

Space has neither beginning nor end, it is limitless. That makes it interesting to study.

And especially interesting phenomena take place in the sky. Across the sky

The Sun and Moon are moving.

And the view of the starry sky is a diamond scattering of many stars, which has always attracted attention. fascinated the person. Once upon a time, very long ago

but one wise man said that if the starry sky were visible only

in any one place on Earth, then crowds of people would continuously move to this place to admire the magnificent spectacle.

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, the great Russian scientist, owns the words that seem to come from the depths of the soul of each of us who raised our eyes to the starry sky:

An abyss has opened, full of stars,

The stars have no number, the bottom of the abyss...

The starry sky is the great book of Nature. Today in class we

How many stars are there in the sky?

Who came up with the names of the constellations?

What is the Zodiac?

II . Universe. Sun. Number of stars.

Universe... What a beautiful, majestic word. What does it mean?

(This is the name for the whole world, which includes

Earth, Sun, stars and all the space between them).

There are countless stars in the Universe. One of them, the closest to us, is the Sun. Why don’t we see other stars during the day? (Children's answers).

During the day, the Sun “blocks” with its bright light the weaker light of others.

distant stars, and we don’t see them. It seems that there is nothing but the Earth with its inhabitants, the blue sky and the bright sun.

But in the evening, when our daylight disappears below the horizon,………

the sky becomes completely different. The stars are so far from us that they seem like grains of sand compared to the Sun. But there are so many of them! The whole sky is strewn with tiny fireflies and distant suns. How many are there? Is it possible to count them?

Student.

People have been trying to find out how many stars there are in the sky for a very long time. Those who spent sleepless nights looking at and observing the stars were called -stargazers. Later they began to be calledastronomers (“aster” means star). And the science that

studies the stars -astronomy. Using modern telescopes

(instruments for observing stars), scientists came to the conclusion: “There are 200 million stars in the sky. Approximately.”

As we see, even with the help of the latest telescopes ("tele" - far away, "scope" - I observe), scientists cannot give the exact number of stars. Examples of telescopes: Hubble space telescope, radio telescope. Observatory in st. Zelenchukskaya –

tower house (44 m high), with a round domed roof.

III . Constellations. Names of constellations.

Since ancient times, people have observed the stars in the sky and noticed that there is a certain order in their arrangement that is constantly preserved.

Through their imagination, ancient astronomers endowed groups of stars with the outlines of people and objects. animals. This is how they appeared constellations- areas of the starry sky,

where the stars are combined into various shapes. There are a total of 88 constellations in the sky.

In pictures and maps, for convenience, the stars are connected by lines. You, of course, understand that there are no such lines in the sky. They need to be carried out mentally

from star to star to see the desired figure.

Each constellation has its own name. Many names have been given

astronomers who lived a long time ago in Ancient Greece. Ancient tracks

They thought that there were many gods. The most important of them is Zeus, the ruler of the world,

he maintains order in the universe. Stories about the lives and deeds of the gods

called "myths" (tales, legends). It is from ancient Greek myths that we learn why this or that constellation was named so. The names of the constellations are the names of mythical heroes.

The outline of this bucket-like constellation should be familiar to you . (Children's answers).

Yes, ancient astronomers named this constellation Big Dipper. But how she ended up in heaven will be told to us by... who read one of the ancient Greek myths.

Once upon a time, there lived a beauty named Callisto. She risked competing with the goddess Hera, the wife of the most important god Zeus. The angry Hera took revenge on Callisto: she turned her into a bear. The unfortunate bear wandered through the mountains for a long time, hiding from the arrows of hunters. But Zeus did not let her die.

He placed Callisto the Bear in the sky forever, turning it into a beautiful constellation.

If we look upward from the wall of the Ursa Major bucket, we will find North Star. This star is a compass by which all travelers are guided: it indicates the direction to the north. Polaris is one of the stars of another constellation, also similar to a ladle, only smaller in size.

Yes, it's a constellation Ursa Minor, into which the beauty’s beloved dog Callisto was transformed. So Zeus made sure that his beloved was not bored in heaven.

Here on this diagram map we can see those constellations that are visible in the sky at any time of the year.

Let's try to find the constellations known to us. (Children go to the diagram map and show Big Bear, Polar Star, Big Bear).

If the mental line with which we found the North Star is drawn further, it will point us to the constellation Cassiopeia. Its main stars form a figure similar to the letter "M". But only this letter seems to be stretched by its “legs”. The constellation is named after Queen Cassiopeia, who, according to legend, once ruled in one of the southern countries.

Between Cassiopeia and Ursa Minor is the constellation Cepheus. Perhaps it looks like a rickety house. This constellation is named after the legendary king Cepheus, the husband of Cassiopeia.

And nearby you can see the constellation The Dragon. The monster's body curved between Ursa Minor and Ursa Major. These three constellations are connected by a beautiful legend, which you can read in ancient Greek myths.

IV . Physical exercise.

Higher to the stars!

Higher to the stars!

Let's get on the rocket and fly away!

Past Saturn

Past Uranus

Let's rush quickly

And we'll land!

V . The most beautiful constellation. Let's try to give a name to the constellation.

In winter, the sky is decorated with one of the most wonderful constellations - Orion. It is shaped like a bow. In the middle is a chain of three stars located in a straight line. This is, so to speak, Orion's belt. Who can you imagine when looking at the bright stars? (Children's answers).

The name Orion is the name of a hunter from ancient Greek myths. Looking at the stars, it is not so difficult to imagine a mighty hunter raising a heavy club into the air.

The brightest stars in this constellation are Betelgeuse (meaning "shoulder") and Rigel (meaning "heel").

Let's now listen to our artists, who are ready to show you a short scene from which you will find out why this constellation was named after the hunter Orion.

(Skit)

Orion. I am the son of Poseidon, god of the seas!

I'm strong, brave,

And he is famous for that

That everyone calls me the best hunter!

Hera. Oh, brave hunter, daredevil Orion!

You are a good warrior, but too boastful!

Orion. My speech is not empty words.

Yesterday I defeated a bull in a fight!

And neither in heaven nor on earth

A beast that would be equal in strength to me!

Hera. You are bragging, warrior!

Have you forgotten who I am?

Just a wave of your hand, just the power of desire

I can punish anyone!

Find out the power of God: the bite of Scorpio is deadly!

I invite you to act as astronomers. What does this constellation remind you of? What would you call it? (Children's answers).

Let's read why the constellation Cygnus is interesting.

CONSTELLATION Swan

This constellation can be seen in summer and autumn. It resembles a swan with widely spread wings, flying down to the ground. In the constellation Cygnus, the brightest star is Deneb, meaning “tail”. The swan lives in fairy tales and legends of many peoples,

where he is often endowed with supernatural qualities.

What fairy tales do you know in which a swan appears?

Let's see what books about this beautiful bird the guys brought to the exhibition.

VI . Let's check ourselves.

Complete the tasks in the workbook (p. 15 No. 1,2).

Peer review.

VII . What is the Zodiac? Defense of the project "Journey through the Zodiac".

The word "zodiac" is based on the Greek words for "animal" and "circle". Thus, its literal translation means "circle of animals." Indeed, 11 of the 12 zodiac constellations (with the exception of Libra) are named after living beings: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces. It is against the background of these constellations that the visible movement of the Sun occurs. Therefore, different peoples associated the Zodiac with the image of the “heavenly road”.

It is customary to begin a journey through the Zodiac with the constellation Aries. In our folding book, we not only talk about how such names appeared for the constellations of the Zodiac, but each of you can determine by your birthday which Zodiac sign you belong to.

2. Today we are convinced that there is so much undiscovered and unknown in nature. Knowledge is a constant path, ascending higher and higher, with each step you see more and further. There is no end to knowledge, just as there is no end to space and time, there is no end to the world in which we live.

Watch! Find out! And then life will be interesting!

If you look at the sky on a clear night, you can see many sparkling lights. These are stars that can be located singly or in entire groups - constellations. The closest and brightest star to us is the Sun. Let's get acquainted with an interesting topic - “Starry Sky” (3rd grade).

The Birth of Stars

The science that studies stars is called astronomy. Translated from Greek, “aster” means star. Astronomers observe the stars using a special and very powerful instrument - a telescope.

A star is a celestial body that consists of hot gas. Stars are born in outer space from a clump of interstellar gas. The clot begins to rotate at a very high speed, and gradually increases in size several times. Inside it, the temperature reaches colossal values ​​- several million degrees, and it begins to glow - this is how a new star is born.

The closest star to our planet is the Sun, which is many times larger than the Earth. Due to its bright light during the day, we cannot see other stars because they are further away and their glow is not as bright. In fact, there are stars in our galaxy that shine many times brighter than the Sun, but they are very far from the globe.

Rice. 1. The Sun is a very bright star

At first glance, all the stars seem to be the same color - white, but this is not so. Blue stars are the hottest and brightest, followed by white stars, and then yellow and orange. The cooler the star's surface, the redder it is.

Constellations

In the vast expanses of the galaxy, some stars form groups - constellations. Such stars are formed from a common dust-gas cloud and are located next to each other due to the force of mutual attraction.

TOP 1 articlewho are reading along with this

Almost all star clusters are located along the Milky Way. Scientists count more than a thousand such clusters of stars, but they all decay sooner or later.

Rice. 2. Milky Way

On the vault of heaven, the location of the stars relative to each other does not change. Even in ancient times, people noticed the brightest constellations and christened them in honor of mythical animals, characters from fairy tales and legends.

In 1930, the International Astronomical Union officially registered 88 constellations. Based on their location, they are conventionally divided into 3 groups:

• constellations of the northern hemisphere - 31 in total;
• constellations of the southern hemisphere - 48 in total;
• constellations located in both hemispheres - 9 in total.

Constellations of the southern and northern hemispheres

In the sky you can find constellations that are distinguished by their particular beauty and brightness of stars. These include:

• Constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor . They are famous for the fact that at the end of the Ursa Minor dipper the North Star shines, thanks to which brave travelers found the right path. Both Ursae are clearly visible throughout the year in the northern hemisphere.

Rice. 3. Ursa Major

• Constellation Cassiopeia also sparkles in the sky at any time of the year. Its main stars are located in the form of the letters “M”, and the constellation received its name thanks to the heroine of ancient Greek myths - Queen Cassiopeia.
• Constellation Orion You can admire it in winter - it is amazingly beautiful. There are 3 bright and beautiful stars in Orion's belt.
• Constellation Cygnus clearly visible in autumn and summer. Outwardly, it resembles the outline of a swan with outstretched wings. In the tail of the Cygnus there is a star - one of the brightest and most beautiful in the sky.

You can learn a lot of interesting things by observing the starry sky. In this lesson we will talk to you about stars and constellations, look at a star chart and get to know some constellations better. In addition, we will learn with you what the zodiac is.

Subject: Nature

Lesson: Starry sky

The science that studies stars is called astronomy(from the Greek aster - “star”). A special device was invented to observe the stars - telescope.

Telescope is translated from Greek as “I see far away.” With their help, astronomers at special stations and observatories observe and study the starry sky. Stars- these are huge red-hot luminous balls. The closest star to Earth is the Sun.

The sun is many times larger than the globe. If you imagine the Earth in the form of a grain of millet, then the Sun will be the size of a large watermelon.

When the Sun shines dazzlingly in the sky, we do not see other stars because they do not shine as brightly as the Sun.

Remember that you should not look at the Sun even with dark glasses; it shines so brightly that you can damage your eyesight.

Huge, compared to the Earth, the Sun in the sky seems very small. This is because it is very far from Earth, and all the other stars are even further away, so they appear very small.

Rice. 4. Star map ()

A long time ago, people, looking at the starry sky, noticed that some clusters of stars resembled figures of people, mythical heroes, animals, objects, and astronomers called such clusters of stars constellations.

Rice. 7. Constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor ()

The constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor are well known to everyone because they are visible in the sky of the northern hemisphere all year round. But you and I live in the northern hemisphere, remember?

At the end of the Ursa Minor dipper is the North Star. If you face it, then in this way you will determine the direction to the North Pole of the Earth.

Knowing the constellations is the ABC of astronomy, but it is necessary not only for astronomers. Pilots, sailors, tourists, travelers, and scouts often navigate by the stars.

Astronomers have counted 88 constellations. Each of them has its own history, and sometimes a legend. We will get to know some of them.

The constellation Cassiopeia can be found in the sky at any time of the year. Its main stars form an extended letter M. In spring and summer, this letter is inverted as in the picture. This constellation was named after Queen Cassiopeia, the heroine of ancient Greek myths.

The constellation Orion is clearly visible in winter. It's very beautiful. And it is named after a hunter from ancient Greek myths. The belt of this hunter is formed by 3 stars located nearby. They are called that - Orion's Belt.

Rice. 10. Swan

The constellation Cygnus can be seen in summer and autumn. It resembles a swan with wings spread wide, flying down to the ground. The tail of the Cygnus is marked by a particularly bright star, one of the brightest in the sky.

If the stars were visible during the day, we would notice that throughout the year the sun visits each constellation. It visits each constellation for about a month.

This is a belt of constellations along which the Sun moves throughout the year. The zodiac belt is divided into 12 constellations. The journey through the zodiac begins with the constellation Aries. Then come the constellations Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces.

Astrologers, observing the movement of the planets, believe that the planets influence the character of a person born under a certain zodiac sign. Also, astrologers make forecasts, or horoscopes, for each zodiac sign.

1. Pleshakov A.A. The world around us: textbook. and slave tetr. for 2 grades beginning school - M.: Education, 2006.
2. Bursky O.V., Vakhrushev A.A., Rautian A.S. The world around us. - Balass.
3. Vinogradova N.F. The world around us. - VENTANA-COUNT.

1. Astrogalaxy ().
2. Astronomical website "Galaxy" ().
3. Meteoweb.ru ().

1. With. 30-33, textbook Pleshakov A.A. The world around us.
2. With. 15 workers notebook for the textbook Pleshakov A.A. The world around us.
3. Look at the starry sky near your home and find the Little and Big Dipper on it. What other familiar constellations can you spot?

Target

- formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of man’s place in it based on the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and the child’s emotional and value-based understanding of his personal experience of communicating with people and nature;

Characteristics of student activities

Understand educational objectives of the lesson, strive to fulfill them.

Work in pairs: study according to the textbook rules for observing the starry sky, correlate them with their own practical experience, find familiar constellations and simulate their, determine direction north according to the North Star. Fulfill assignments of the electronic supplement to the textbook. Work with a terminological dictionary. Formulate conclusions from the studied material, reply to final questions and evaluate achievements in the lesson

Planned results

Subject (know, be able to)

Know names of stars and constellations, rules for observing the starry sky. Be able to work with ready-made models (globe and map), create simple models of planets and constellations.

Metasubject (Regulatory. Cognitive. Communicative)

P. - construct messages orally, establish cause-and-effect relationships in the range of phenomena being studied.

R. - take into account established rules in planning and controlling the solution method. Process the information received: draw conclusions as a result of joint work with the class.

K. - argue your position and coordinate it with the positions of the porters

Personal results

The motivational basis of educational activities, including educational and cognitive motives.

Basic concepts and definitions

Preparing to learn new material

Let's learn several new constellations and stars. Let's learn to observe the starry sky.

Remember which constellations you already know. Which ones can you find in the sky?

Learning new material

Starry Sky - The Great Book of Nature

One astronomer wrote the following words: “The starry sky is the Great Book of Nature. Whoever manages to read it will discover the countless treasures of the Cosmos surrounding us.”

Try to explain these words. Why did the scientist call the starry sky the Great Book of Nature? What treasures did he have in mind? Test yourself on the “Self-Test Pages”.

Remember your observations of the starry sky. What do you think about, what do you imagine, what do you feel when you see the sky decorated with a scattering of stars? Compare your impressions with the description in atlas-determinant.

TREASURES OF THE STARRY SKY

Modern astronomers have divided the sky into sections - constellations. We recognize them by the brightest stars, which usually form one shape or another. In the diagrams in the textbook, constellations are shown in dark blue, and characteristic figures are highlighted with lines connecting the stars. There are 88 constellations in total.

In addition to the Big Dipper, there is Ursa Minor. Its stars also form a shape in the form of a ladle, only it is smaller than the ladle of the Big Dipper. At the end of the handle of the Ursa Minor bucket there is one of the most famous stars - Polar Star. It indicates the exact direction to the north. Previously, she was the first assistant to travelers, replacing them with a compass.

You are already familiar with the constellation Orion. To the left and down from it is another interesting constellation - Canis Major. The constellation Orion is named after a hunter from ancient Greek myths, and Canis Major is named after one of his dogs. This constellation contains the brightest star in the sky - Sirius. Amazingly beautiful star! It fascinates the observer with its bluish glow. No wonder the name “Siri-us” means “brilliant”, “sparkling”

If we look to the right and up from Orion, we will see the constellation Calf. Taurus is a bull. His orange eye is especially visible - it's a star Aldebaran. Above and to the right of this star is a very beautiful little scoop of several stars. This Pleiades- a special cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus. You can check your eyesight using the Pleiades dipper. If you count 6 or 7 stars in it, your eyesight is good.

Comprehension and understanding of acquired knowledge

Learn the rules for observing the starry sky. Which of them did you already know and carry out through your own observations, and which ones were new to you? In the future, use these rules when you observe the stars

How to observe the starry sky

1. You need to watch the stars together with adults.

2. Observations should be carried out on those evenings when the sky is not overcast and the stars are clearly visible.

3. There should be no bright lights nearby that interfere with observation.

4.To navigate the world of stars, it is important to distinguish between the northern and southern parts of the sky. In the northern part of the sky is the Big Dipper's bucket. If you stand with your back to the bucket, the southern part of the sky will be in front of you.

5. To determine the constellations, use an atlas-identifier or a special map of the starry sky. Looking at a book or map while observing with a flashlight

Review the pages of the “Stars” section" V atlas-determinant. Find constellations that are familiar to you. Which of them have you been able to see in the sky with your own eyes? What do you know about them?

Independent application of knowledge

check yourself

1.How to observe the starry sky correctly?

2.Name the constellations that we learned about in the lesson. 3. What stars did we meet?

Conclusion

Scientists have divided the sky into sections - constellations. There are 88 of them in total. Among them are Ursa Minor, Canis Major, and Taurus. Interesting stars stand out in these constellations: Polaris, Sirius, Aldebaran

Homework assignments

1.Make models of the constellations studied in the lesson in a way convenient for you (applique model, three-dimensional model from plasticine, etc.).

2.Using the atlas-identifier, find out how to find the North Star in the sky and find it. Using the North Star as a guide, determine the directions of the main sides of the horizon.

Find out at what time of year and in what part of the sky you need to observe the constellations Orion, Canis Major, Taurus, and the Pleiades star cluster. Make appropriate observations.