Larisa Mikheenko pioneer hero biography. Larisa Dorofeevna Mikheenko: the feat of a Russian girl

(about the young pioneer Lara Mikheenko)

When the Great Patriotic War began, Lara was only 12 years old. She was born in the Leningrad region, in the village of Lakhta. She lived alone with her mother - her father, Dorofei Ilyich, died during the Soviet-Finnish War. His daughter loved him very much. And, seeing off to that war, she ran after the echelon for a long time and shouted that she would be waiting ... Looking ahead, I will say that my mother, Tatyana Andreevna, outlived both her husband and daughter for many years. She died in 1997.

So, Lara was born in the Leningrad region. And just before the war, together with her grandmother, she came to the village of Pechenevo, Kalinin Region, to visit her uncle Larion. A small remark: in many electronic sources I met that the village of Pechenevo was in the Kaliningrad region. Let this stupidity remain on the conscience of those who have not bothered to look at least the history of the name of the city of Kaliningrad.

Lara and Grandmother could no longer return home. And two months later, in August 1941, Pechenevo (today it is the territory of the Pskov region) was occupied by the Nazis. And what about Uncle Larion? He goes over to the side of the enemies, becomes the headman. And he simply put his old mother and niece, who condemned him for this, on the street. More precisely, in a bathhouse, which was heated in a black way. Live, please.

It is hard to imagine how the grandmother and granddaughter lived. They ate whatever they had to, up to the quinoa and dandelions. They dressed in rags. Picked up neighbors. The mothers of Lara's friends, Frosya Kondrunenko and Rai Mikheenko, helped a lot (this is a coincidence, the girls were not relatives). They brought milk and bread. Slowly from uncle.

So almost two years passed. The Nazis were furious. In the village of Stary Dvor, sixty families were herded into a barn and burned alive. In the village of Pustoshka, monsters hanged a man who was suspected of helping the partisans. Before his execution, his eyes were gouged out in front of his fellow villagers.

All this bitter time, Lara did not leave the thought: to help ours beat the enemy!

In the spring of 1943, Lara's friend, Raya, received a fascist summons - to come to the created youth camp, from where the older guys were taken to Germany - to a "happy life". Raya showed the paper to Frosa and Lara.
- This is our common fate! - she said. - Soon such agendas will come to you. And what shall we submit?

The decision was unanimous: to join the partisans. The girls knew that Frosya's older brother, Pyotr, had been in the partisan detachment since the beginning of the occupation. Therefore, we went to Frosya's mother. And she, realizing how serious the decision of her friends was, helped them find their way to the detachment. The next morning they left.

I must say, in the detachment, the girls were not particularly welcomed and they wanted to immediately send them back. Friends - none. Then the commander of the detachment, Major Ryndin, went to the trick. He instructed the girls to return to Pechenevo and tell Frosya's mother that it would be good to cook at least some vegetables for the detachment on such and such a day. Ryndin believed that the girls would return home and would not want to leave there anymore. And I was wrong. So three new scouts appeared in the detachment.
At first they were instructed to do something easier - basically, to walk around the villages and memorize everything. Lara was especially good at it. Small in stature, with curly hair and large eyes, she looked like a second grader.

In the summer of 1943, the Nazis took away cattle from the villagers (we are talking not only about Pechenevo, but also about neighboring villages). They stole him to the village of Orekhovo, put up guards. Lara and Raya went to scout the situation. Armed with baskets - they say, they go to their aunt for seedlings of cabbage. They even wove wreaths and decorated themselves. And under the very noses of the sentries, they found out how many Germans were in Orekhovo, in what houses they lived and where the firing points were. The partisans recaptured the livestock literally the next day and almost without loss.

Lara completed the reconnaissance mission in the village of Chernitsovo. Here she got a job as a nanny to the baby, the son of one of the liaisons. I must say, the nanny from Lara turned out to be excellent - caring, cheerful and affectionate. Walking with the boy, the pioneer collected all the necessary information. And put up flyers at night. In another village, she hired herself as a shepherd ...

Closer to the autumn of the same, 1943, Lara began to entrust sabotage. The pioneer knew the area very well, had good endurance, and was brave. So, during the task of undermining the railway bridge across the Drissa River, Lara showed remarkable abilities. She was able to convince the miner that she could sneak up to the bridge and light the fuse in front of the train. And she did! The train went downhill, the damage to the Nazis was great. And the saboteurs escaped safely.

On her last assignment, Lara went with two adult partisans. They came to the village of Ignatovo, stopped at the house of their contact. But a traitor was found in the village - he saw the men and the girl and betrayed them. Lara at that time was standing outside - guarding, and the partisans were in the house. Noticing the Nazis, the girl could still hide herself. But she ran into the house and warned her people. A battle ensued - both partisans died. The owners of the house tried to pass Lara off as their daughter. But the traitor, the one who betrayed Lara and the men, pointed to the girl.

Lara had a hand grenade in her coat, she, already brought in for interrogation, improved the moment and threw it at the Nazis. But the grenade didn't explode...

She was shot on November 4, 1943. Undressed, barefoot, bloodied, with a slashed back and broken legs - the Nazis avenged evil as best they could, brutally.
Shot. But they never learned anything from Lara.

And at school 106 in St. Petersburg there is a desk at which a little girl Lara once sat. She is old, this desk, out of date. But only the best students of the school sit behind it. “The heroic partisan Larisa Mikheenko studied here,” reads the inscription on the door plate of this office.

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P.S. Nadezhda Avgustinovna Nadezhdina - wrote the story: "Partisan Lara" http://molodguard.ru/heroes219.htm

The real biography of Larisa Mikheenko formed the basis of the feature film “In that distant summer”, dir. N. I. Lebedev Lenfilm, 1974.

"NOT ONLY BOYS"

(Song about Lara Mikheenko)

Music by Dmitry Kabalevsky
Words by Viktor Viktorov
Performed by the Children's Choir "Pioneriya"

1
Now they write songs and books about you,
And many guys know your portrait.
Not only boys
Not only boys
We went to partisans from the age of thirteen.

Chorus:
Oh, Larisa, brown eyes,
Oh, Larisa, bright tear.
Word unsaid
The song is unfinished.
Only the pines know
Where are you, where are you, where are you...

2
You were a cheerful curly girl,
She was a brave scout in the detachment.
Pomegranate - lemon,
Pomegranate - lemon
I let you down at the moment of arrest.

Chorus.

3
In the Pskov region, pine trees stand for centuries,
Legends resound in the measured noise of the branches.
Let Russia hear
Let Russia hear
About the courage of his little daughter.

Lara Mikheenko was born in Lakhta (then part of the Sestroretsky district of the Leningrad region) in the family of workers Dorofei Ilyich and Tatyana Andreevna Mikheenko. Lara's father was mobilized in the Soviet-Finnish war, her mother died at 92.

At the beginning of June 1941, Lara, together with her grandmother, went on a summer vacation to her uncle Larion in the village of Pechenevo, Pustoshkinsky district, Kalinin region (now the territory of the Pskov region). Here they found the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The offensive of the Wehrmacht was swift, and by the end of the summer the Pustoshkinsky district was under German occupation.

Lara's uncle agreed to serve the occupying authorities and was appointed headman of Pechenev. His old mother and pioneer niece, who condemned him for this, were evicted from his uncle's house and sent to live in a bathhouse. Difficult days began for Larisa and her grandmother: the offended uncle practically did not care about them, leaving them to survive on their own. From the lack of food, the grandmother and granddaughter often had to eat potato peels and quinoa, they had to beg. Neighbors, the mothers of Lara's friends Frosya and Raisa, often helped out: they brought bread and milk.

In the spring of 1943 Raisa, Lara's friend, turned sixteen. Soon she received a summons to appear in Pustoshka at a special youth camp, from where older teenagers were sent to work in Germany. Raya showed this paper to her friends. After discussing the situation, the girls decided that in the future they could all be destined for such a fate and were going to leave for the local partisan detachment, which had been operating since the first months of the occupation; Frosya's older brother, Pyotr Kondrunenko, had been in the detachment for a long time. The friends dedicated Galina Ivanovna, Frosya's mother, to their plans, and she agreed to tell how to contact the partisans.

In the partisan detachment, the girls were met without enthusiasm: life in the forest is not easy and not at all suitable for unadapted teenage girls who were going to become scouts. The commander of the 6th Kalinin brigade, Major P. V. Ryndin, initially refused to accept "so small." The very next morning, they were supposedly sent back to Pechenevo on a special mission. The leadership of the detachment had absolutely no confidence that the girlfriends would once again dare to come and not stay at home. But the girls returned to the squad. Then the pioneers who passed the test were still decided to be accepted into the detachment. In the face of their older comrades, the girls took a partisan oath of loyalty to the Motherland and hatred for the enemy.

At the beginning of the task, the young partisans were entrusted with tasks that were not technically difficult, but dangerous for older people because of the suspicion of the Germans and local collaborators towards all adults who went from village to village and too often found themselves near German military and administrative facilities.

Once in June 1943, Lara and Raya were sent to the village of Orekhovo, allegedly to their aunt for cabbage seedlings. Cattle were driven into this village, which the German authorities took away from the population. The German sentry was not suspicious of two barefoot girls with baskets, whose real purpose was to collect information about the number of guards stationed in Orekhovo, the location of firing points and the time when sentries change, so he allowed them to pass through the controlled territory. The scouts left safely, and a few days later partisans raided Orekhovo, and with almost no loss they were able to recapture the requisitioned cattle from the Germans.

The next time, Lara was sent on a reconnaissance mission to the village of Chernetsovo, where a German military facility was located. Posing as a refugee, the girl got a job as a nanny to a local resident Anton Kravtsov, who had a small son. Lara took care of the child very tenderly, was kind and affectionate to the owners. And in the meantime, while walking with the baby, she collected the necessary information about the German garrison.

In addition to intelligence, Lara and her friends had to do another thing - the distribution of campaign leaflets. Often these actions were held in villages on church holidays, when a lot of people gathered in churches. Dressed as beggars, the girls molested local people, as if asking for alms, but in fact at that time they quietly slipped leaflets folded several times into their pockets and bags. Once a German patrol detained Lara for this activity. However, on that occasion, she managed to escape before the Germans knew of her true purpose.

Since August 1943, the partisan detachment, in which Lara was a member, took an active part in the "rail war". The partisans began to regularly blow up railway lines, bridges and derail German trains.

Lara, who by this time had already shown herself excellently in intelligence and had a good “sense” of the terrain, was transferred to the 21st brigade of Akhremenkov, whose purpose was precisely to conduct sabotage activities on the railway.

Lara also took part in blowing up one of the trains, volunteering to be an assistant to one of the demolition men who was instructed to blow up the railway bridge across the Drissa River on the Polotsk-Nevel line. Already an experienced scout, Larisa this time completed the task assigned to her to collect information about the regime of protection of the bridge and the possibility of mining it. Thanks to Lara's participation, it was possible to disable not only the bridge, but also the enemy echelon passing through it: the girl managed to convince the miner that at the right time she would be able to get as close as possible to the bridge unnoticed by the sentry and light the igniter cord in front of the approaching train. Risking her life, she managed to fulfill her plan and safely move back.

In early November 1943, Larisa and two more partisans went on reconnaissance to the village of Ignatovo and stopped at the house of a trusted person. While the partisans communicated with the mistress of the house, Larisa remained outside for observation. Enemies suddenly appeared (as it turned out later, one of the local residents passed the partisan turnout. (Some sources claim that this local resident was Lara Mikheenko’s uncle). Larisa managed to warn the men inside, but was captured. In the ensuing unequal battle, both partisans were Larisa was brought to the hut for interrogation. Lara had a hand-held fragmentation grenade in her coat, which she decided to use. However, the grenade thrown by the girl at the patrol did not explode for some unknown reason.

On November 4, 1943, Larisa Dorofeevna Mikheenko, after interrogation, accompanied by torture and humiliation, was shot.

She lived in the city of Leningrad, in a working-class area on the Vyborg side, pioneer Lara Mikheenko.
She loved dandelions - the simplest flowers of the city wasteland. Seriously ill with scarlet fever, Lara said to her mother:
- Mom, why are you crying? Are you afraid that I will die? And I will become a dandelion fluff and I will fly all over the world, I will fly to you, and you will remember me.
She also loved dandelion petals, bright as the sun. It seemed that golden sparks flashed in her brown eyes, in her curly brown hair.
Sensitive, sympathetic, she was always ready to help. At one time, the Mikheenko family lived outside the city in Lakhta. One winter, Lara's mother, Tatyana Andreevna, had to return late, and there was no one to meet her, her father left for the Rest House. Mom complained that she was afraid, and four-year-old Lara remembered her words.
The baby stuck to the grandmother:
- Show me where the clock hands will be when mom comes back?
The grandmother showed the number 12. It was time to go to bed: the grandmother fell asleep, but the girl did not close her eyes. When the arrows approached twelve, she got up, put on a fur coat, wrapped herself in her grandmother's scarf and, winding through the snowdrifts, went to the station at night to meet her mother.
- Mother! You said you were afraid, but I'm not!
She was kind to all living things. She put a saucer of milk near the porch for stray cats.
One day she came home, bitten by an unknown dog.
- Get vaccinated! - Mom got excited. - How did it happen? So far, no dog has touched you.
“But it was a sick dog,” answered the little one. - I wanted to take her to the pharmacy to have his wounded tail bandaged.
Lara was mischievous, cheerful, fast. Like a fish, she swam in the sea, like a squirrel, climbed trees, ran with the boys in a race. Together with her friend Lida Tetkina, she enrolled in a ballet circle. I wanted to become a ballerina and also a historian. I read books avidly.
After Lara signed up for three libraries, my mother had to write notes to the librarians:
“I ask you not to give out any more books to my daughter, a student of the 106th school, Larisa Mikheenko. The day is not enough for her, she reads at night.
Sometimes her mother or father would take her to the movies with them. One day they were watching a movie from the Civil War. The White Guards burst into the hut to the forester and demand that he become their guide. And he, throwing a grenade, blows up enemies and himself. When the screen canvas was covered with the smoke of the explosion, the excited voice of Lara was heard throughout the hall:
- Correctly! I would do that too!
In her pioneer detachment, she was a leader. The guys became friends, even went to school together, in a crowd. Almost every day, children's voices were heard in Mikheenko's room - either Lara was studying with one of the laggards, or teaching her girlfriends to dance and play the guitar, or consulting with the boys on how best to play a military game.
Everything calmed down by the summer. Grandmother and Couple were leaving for a vacation.
In the summer of 1941, my grandmother and granddaughter went to visit their relatives in the village of Pechenevo. Then it was the Kalinin, and now the Pskov region, Pustoshensky district. Here, in Pechenev, they found the war.
At the very beginning of the war, a letter still managed to reach Leningrad:
“Mom, dear! I love and miss you very much, but the road was bombed, you can’t drive through. I could walk, but my grandmother won't come. And I will not leave my grandmother.
There were no more letters from Lara. In the same summer, the Pustoshensky district was occupied by the Nazi troops.
The girl saw how refugees from the villages burned by the Germans were wandering along the country roads. Lara's heart sank, but she could not help them in any way - her face became transparent from hunger.
She heard the cry of village girls who were separated from their relatives, taken away to slavery in a foreign land. I saw how a teacher from the village of Timonovo, Sinitsyn Nikolai Maksimovich, and his daughter, also a teacher, were taken to execution. They did not hand over the radio to the Germans and continued to listen to Moscow. The Sinitsyns were shot on the outskirts of the Pustosha, where many Soviet people had already been shot.
“How can you forget it? Can this be forgiven?" - so thought both Lara and her Pechenev girlfriends Raya Mikheenko and Frosya Konrunenko.
In the spring of 1943, at a village meeting, they read a list of which of the youth should come to the camp to be sent to Germany. All three girlfriends were on the list. One day relied on fees.

Last evening Lara and her grandmother did not go to bed for a long time. They sat in the yard in front of the bathhouse in which they lived, huddled closely
to each other. The grandmother held her granddaughter tightly by the hand, as if she was afraid that if she let go of Larina's hand, the girl would be taken away immediately. Grandma's face was wet with tears.
- Let me look at you for the last time, honey!
- Do not say that. I don't want to last. You know how much I love you.
When it got completely dark, they returned to their hut and there they spoke affectionate and sad words to each other. Finally Grandma fell asleep. The girl cautiously approached the sleeping woman and whispered:
- Farewell, dear grandmother! It's not my fault that I leave you. It was the enemies that separated us. They won't take me to Germany. Pioneer will not serve the Nazis! I'm leaving to fight.
In the darkness, the shawl with which the grandmother tied her head at night was vaguely white. The girl nodded to this handkerchief and silently climbed out the window.

So one spring night three girls disappeared from the village of Pechenevo. They decided to become partisans, like Petya, Frosin's brother.
At dawn, the fugitives met in the forest a friend of Petya, a familiar guy, he became their guide. Lake Yazno, as it were, served as a border: on one side of the lake - the land captured by the Nazis, on the other side - the partisan region.
In the village of Krivitsy, hidden among the forests, was the headquarters of the 6th Kalinin brigade of Major Ryndin. Three girls - two white and one dark-haired - were brought to the staff hut.
How upset Lara was when she heard from the brigade commander that at the age of fourteen they did not take partisans.
But he also refused her girlfriends, although Raya was sixteen, and Frosya was fifteen. He did not believe that the girls would be able to work as scouts: it is possible that they would recognize the area, but they weren’t strong enough, and the partisan scout was on the way all the time.
Then two more partisans entered the headquarters hut, and the girls were forgotten. Standing aside, they listened attentively to the conversation that the brigade commander, the commander of one of the detachments, Karpenko, and the intelligence chief, Kotlyarov, were having among themselves.
They talked about the village of Orekhovo, where the Germans drove the peasant cattle. Karpenko undertook to recapture their prey from the robbers, but for this he needed to know where German guns were located in Orekhovo, where sentries were posted. And, as Kotlyarov reported, there was no one to send to reconnaissance: all the girls were scouts on assignments, and the guy could not get through. In wartime, every man counts. The stranger is immediately recognized.
- So I have an aunt in Orekhovo! Raya said it.
- You can’t cope alone, - said Kotlyarov, - you have to go together. And if they ask you, why did you decide to visit your aunt right now? What will you say?
- Let's say, what about the seeds, - Lara quickly found herself. - Now everyone is planting in the gardens, and we want to plant.
“Even though you are younger than everyone, you are smart!” thought Kotlyarov. He looked at the brigade commander, who nodded his head.
The sun was setting when the chief of intelligence on a black horse rode up to Lake Yazno. The crossing was guarded day and night. Only those who knew the password could get on the raft. Maybe the girls forgot the password? Maybe the girls were detained? Why aren't there?
Kotlyarov parted the willow branches and saw that a raft was moving across the lake. Behind the carrier, shivering in the wind, stood Lara and Raya. The scouts are back! Kotlyarov met them at the pier.
They walked a few steps along the shore and stopped. Raya poured seeds out of her handkerchief: beets, beans, peas... And Lara drew a long line with a twig.
Kotlyarov frowned: they are waiting for them at the headquarters, and they are playing ...
But next to the first line, Lara drew another, resulting in a path. Kotlyarov understood: the path is a village street, and the squares on both sides of it are houses.
- The pea will be sentry, - Lara put the pea at the end of the path. - And there are sentries here and there. A pumpkin seed will be a cannon. She's behind this house. And beans are machine guns. See where I put them?
The head of intelligence took out a pencil and paper from the field bag and began to redraw the plan.
On this spring evening, the fate of Lara and her friends was decided. The partisans accepted them into their fighting family.
Now Lara's home was the scout's hut, where they slept like camping, without undressing, to jump up as soon as they called. In this house, one must forget the childish capricious words: “I don’t want!”, “I can’t!”, “I won’t!”. Only one word was known here: "necessary." It is necessary for the Motherland, for victory over the enemy.
It is necessary to reconnoiter the location of the guns in the village of Mogilnoye. Three girls are knocking on the door of the hut:
- Dear aunt! Let the refugees sleep...
In the evening, the "refugees" rush around the village, playing tag with the masters.
children. One of the "refugees", curly-haired, dark-eyed, still strives to sneak past the camouflaged guns.
- Tu-tu! - the German sentry shouts at her.
- Tu-tu! - cheerfully answers the cunning girl.
And the sentry turns away.
It is necessary to find out which German trains come with what cargo
to Pustoshka station. The old man Gultyaev is watching the trains from the window of his house, discreetly counting.
But Gultyaev cannot believe that the partisans could send a girl to him as a messenger. The old man is silent, sullenly sorting out the metalwork tool. And suddenly the girl, bending down, also begins to rummage in the box.
- This is a rasp, this is a drill. Where is your caliper?
- But how do you know this word: "shtangen"?
- From dad. He was a mechanic at the Krasnaya Zarya plant in Leningrad. My dad was killed in the Finnish war.
- Dove! Why didn’t you immediately say that you are our working bone, the locksmith’s daughter?
It is necessary to find out which German vehicles are moving along the Idritsa-Pustoshka highway. And the girl is hired as a nanny in the village of Lugi, closer to the highway. The family of Anton Kravtsov is happy with the nanny. So diligent, so learned! He sings songs, tells fairy tales, is not too lazy to walk with the baby in the field. He says: “The air is cleaner there, and the child needs oxygen!”
If the Kravtsovs could see what their learned nurse is doing in the field! Lying in the thick grass, she imperceptibly sketches deer and tigers - the identification marks of German cars.
Whom only did not the girl have to be: a begeik, and a nanny, and a shepherdess, and even ... a cuckoo: sit on a tree, give a signal to the partisans. If a motorcycle appeared on the road, the “cuckoo” cuckoos lingeringly and slowly; How many times will he repeat his “cuckoo!” partisan cuckoo, so much, then, moving along the road of cars or carts.

Very often the girl had to be a beggar. At that time, many hungry guys asked under the windows:
- Serve bread, good people! Give it to an orphan!
The same words were repeated by a brown-eyed beggar woman in the village of Seltsy in front of the house of Ivan Smoryga. For the partisans, this was their man. In order to get the information the partisans needed, he kept in touch with the policemen.
And now two German soldiers, who were pretty drunk, and two policemen were sitting at his table. The elderly policeman was the first to notice the beggar woman.
- Ivan! You have a guest. Yes, what a pretty one!
Smoriga quickly glanced out the window.
- Are you laughing at me? It's a beggar, a beggar. We must send it as soon as possible, as if she did not steal anything.
Smoriga went out onto the porch and threw several bread crusts into Larina's bag. The beggar woman bowed.
- Thank you, uncle! God grant you health.
The girl's eyes twinkled. She managed to hear the whisper of Smoriga:
"Come in the evening, you can't see me now."
In the evening there was a knock at the door. The little beggar slipped into the hut and sat down by the stove.
- Have you been to Chernetsovo? - asked Smoriga.
- It was, Uncle Vanya. How the Germans defiled the school, set up a barracks there! I looked out everything: where they have a machine gun, which side the doors and windows face. But when the sentries change, I could not trace.
- Sentinels take over the post in the evening, at eight o'clock, - said Smoryga, - and change after two hours. The German blabbed drunk.
Two days later, Karpenko's detachment, led by Lara and Uncle Vanya Smoryga, imperceptibly surrounded the Chernetsov school. Taken by surprise, the German garrison was destroyed.

And a curly-haired beggar girl appeared in Ust-Dolyssy.
- Run! - shouted the boys, seeing that the beggar was detained by two policemen. - They won't catch you, run!
But she did not run away, but dutifully followed the policemen. No one saw how, in a secluded place, the policemen handed over a packet of letters to a beggar woman.
- What good fellows you are, Kolya and Vasya! - said the girl.
After all, she knew that Kolya Sharkovsky and Vasya Novak had purposely joined the police to help the partisans. The letters that they stole from the German field mail, the girl hid in the bottom of a beggar's bag under crusts of bread and delivered them to the partisan headquarters.
Each military unit has its own field mail number. According to the numbers on the envelopes that Lara brought, our command became aware that two German divisions had been transferred from the Karelian front to the Pskov forests ...
And again roads, roads, roads... Again small feet, rough from long walking barefoot, walk through the dust of the road. Somewhere at a crossroads, her childhood ended: the pioneer Pair Mikheenko was accepted into the Komsomol.
At the end of the summer, Para was transferred to the 21st brigade.
The description given by the commander of the 21st brigade, Captain Arkhemenkov, to the scout of partisan detachment No. 3, Larisa Mikheenko, says that she participated in undermining trains at Zheleznitsa station, what kind of operation to reconnaissance and blow up the railway bridge across the Drissa River, the so-called "Savkino Bridge ”, Larisa was presented for a government award.
On an autumn day, together with her new friend Valya, Lara came to the village of Ignatovo. Here she knew a house where she could rest from the road. Two partisans armed with machine guns, Nikolai and Gennady, also came here. The hostess invited everyone to the table.
- Let's meet the upcoming holiday. After all, today is the fourth of November.
The guys, smiling, replied that they hoped to celebrate the holiday together with the Soviet Army on the land liberated from the enemy.
- Our troops are close, - said Gennady. - It's clear, we men will go to Berlin, and you girls will return home.
- Home! - Like an echo, Lara repeated and, embarrassed, turned away to the window.
Even earlier, they wanted to send her to the mainland by plane, but she did not agree; until the plane took off, she hid in the forest. But now that the partisans are linking up with the Soviet Army, she agrees. First, to Pechenevo for my grandmother, and then, together with my grandmother, to Leningrad!
She will see her mother, friends, she will see her native, infinitely beloved city and will tell him: “Leningrad, I also defended you! And now I'm back home!"
She will study again. How good!
But outside the window on the street flashed soldiers' helmets.
- Germans! the girl shouted.
Shots rang out. During the shootout, both partisans were killed. Lara shot at the Nazis from the window with a machine gun. And when the cartridges ran out, she asked Valya:
- You have a grenade. Give it to me
As soon as Lara managed to hide the grenade under her jacket, the Germans burst into the hut. The hostess tried to save the girls, saying that they were her daughters, that they were not to blame: the guys she let into the house were shooting because they threatened her with weapons
But there was a traitor with the Germans.
- Partisan, - he said, pointing to Lara.
She was taken to be searched in another hut. There was no one there, except for the old woman lying on the stove.
“We need to throw a grenade so that it doesn’t kill my grandmother, but only them and me,” Lara thought, and went to the corner to the window.
- Well, show me what you have in your pockets! - the German officer ordered the girl.
- Look! - swinging, the girl threw a grenade.
But... the grenade didn't explode.
The Nazis shot the partisan Lara.

Now, at the place of her execution, on the outskirts of Pustoshka, an obelisk has been erected. And in the city on the Neva, in the Museum of the Defense of Leningrad, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree is kept, by which the Soviet government
awarded posthumously Larisa Mikheenko for courage and bravery. The ship is named after her.
In Leningrad, in Moscow, in the Urals, in Siberia, in the Caucasus - the banners of the pioneer squads named after Lara Mikheenko are blazing all over the country. A girl with a brave heart will live in the glow of pioneer banners, in the songs that the guys sing about her, in young, hot and brave hearts.
Hundreds of guys want to be like Lara.
Be the same and you!

_____________________

Recognition - BK-MTGC.

The future partisan was born on November 4, 1929 in Lakhta, a suburb of Leningrad, in a working-class family. She studied at the Leningrad school No. 106. When the Soviet-Finnish war began, her father Dorofei Ilyich, who worked as a mechanic at the Krasnaya Zarya plant, was mobilized and did not return from the front. On Sunday, June 22, when the battles of the Great Patriotic War were already unfolding, she and her grandmother left for the summer holidays to visit her uncle in the village of Pechenevo, Pustoshkinsky district, Kalinin region (today it is the Pskov region). Two months later, the Wehrmacht troops entered the village, and her uncle became the headman of the village. Since there was no way to return to besieged Leningrad, Larisa and her grandmother stayed in Pechenevo.

In the spring of 1943, one of Larina's girlfriends, Raisa, turned sixteen years old, and she received a summons to appear at the assembly point to be sent to work in Germany. To avoid this fate, Raisa, Larisa Mikheenko and another girl Frosya went into the forest to the partisans. Thus began the battle path of Larisa in the 6th Kalinin brigade under the command of Major Ryndin. At first they were reluctantly accepted, because the leadership would like to see trained men in their detachment, and not teenage girls, but soon began to trust them with combat missions. Since Larisa, like her fighting girlfriends, due to her age, could, without arousing suspicion among the Germans, get close to military targets, she served in the detachment as a scout. Thanks to the data she obtained in the village of Orekhovo, the partisans, knowing the location of the firing points and the rotation time of the sentries, were able to steal from the Germans the cattle requisitioned from the population for the needs of the Wehrmacht. In the village of Chernetsovo, having hired a nanny to care for a small child, Larisa collected detailed information about the German garrison stationed there, and a few days later the partisans raided the village. Also, with large crowds of people during church holidays, she distributed Soviet propaganda leaflets.

The feat of the partisan Larisa Mikheenko

At the end of the summer, Mikheenko was transferred to another partisan detachment and took part in the "rail war", performing all the same functions of a scout. During one of the operations, to blow up the railway bridge across the Drissa River on the Polotsk-Nevel line, risking her life, Larisa, unnoticed by the sentries, personally set fire to the igniter cord. For this sortie, the commander of the partisan 21st brigade Akhremenkov, where she was listed, Larisa was presented with a government award, but did not have time to receive it. In early November 1943, she, along with two fighters, entered the village of Ignatovo as a liaison to meet with partisans from another detachment. The meeting was to take place with a reliable person who had repeatedly helped the partisans. But one of the local pro-German residents betrayed their partisan turnout. The house in which they were located was surrounded by a detachment of Vlasovites, in an unequal battle both fighters died, and Larisa was captured.

On November 4, 1943, after interrogation, she was shot as an accomplice of partisans. After the end of the war, Larisa Mikheenko was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 1st degree. In 1963, the story of Nadezhda Nadezhdina "Partisan Lara" was published, telling about her life and exploits. In 1974, Nikolai Lebedev shot the feature film “In that distant summer” based on it at the Lenfilm studio. Streets in several Russian cities are named after her. In 1967, in the city of Khotkovo, Moscow Region, a monument in the form of a bust was erected to her, and in the Leningrad school No. 106, where Larisa Mikheenko studied, a museum dedicated to her was opened in the 60s.

Biographies and exploits of Heroes of the Soviet Union and holders of Soviet orders:

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 Biography
  • 1.1 In the occupied territory
  • 1.2 The beginning of the battle
  • 1.3 Participant of the "rail war"
  • 1.4 Death
• 2 Awards
• 3 Memory
• 4 In cinema
Notes
Literature

Introduction

Larisa (Lara) Dorofeevna Mikheenko(1929, Lakhta, RSFSR, USSR - November 4, 1943, near the village of Ignatovo) - a pioneer hero, a minor partisan during the Great Patriotic War, who was executed by the German occupation authorities.

1. Biography

Lara Mikheenko was born in Lakhta (then part of the Sestroretsky district of the Leningrad region) in the family of workers Dorofei Ilyich and Tatyana Andreevna Mikheenko. Lara's father was mobilized in the Soviet-Finnish war, her mother died at the front.

1.1. In the occupied territory

At the beginning of June 1941, Lara, together with her grandmother, went on a summer vacation to her uncle Larion in the village of Pechenevo, Pustoshkinsky district, Kalinin region (now the territory of the Pskov region). Here they found the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The offensive of the Wehrmacht was swift, and by the end of the summer the Pustoshkinsky district was under German occupation.

Lara's uncle agreed to serve the occupying authorities and was appointed headman of Pechenev. His old mother and pioneer niece, who condemned him for this, were evicted from his uncle's house and sent to live in a bathhouse. Difficult days began for Larisa and her grandmother: the offended uncle practically did not care about them, leaving them to survive on their own. From the lack of food, the grandmother and granddaughter often had to eat potato peels and quinoa, they had to beg. Neighbors, the mothers of Lara's friends Frosya and Raisa, often helped out: they brought bread and milk.

1.2. The beginning of the battle

In the spring of 1943 Raisa, Lara's friend, turned sixteen. Soon she received a summons to appear in Pustoshka at a special youth camp, from where older teenagers were sent to work in Germany. Raya showed this paper to her friends. After discussing the situation, the girls decided that in the future they could all be destined for such a fate and were going to leave for the local partisan detachment, which had been operating since the first months of the occupation; Frosya's older brother, Pyotr Kondrunenko, had been in the detachment for a long time. The friends dedicated Galina Ivanovna, Frosya's mother, to their plans, and she agreed to tell how to contact the partisans.

In the partisan detachment, the girls were met without enthusiasm: life in the forest is not easy and not at all suitable for unadapted teenage girls who were going to become scouts. The commander of the 6th Kalinin brigade, Major P. V. Ryndin, initially refused to accept "so small." The very next morning, they were supposedly sent back to Pechenevo on a special mission. The leadership of the detachment had absolutely no confidence that the girlfriends would once again dare to come and not stay at home. But the girls returned to the squad. Then the pioneers who passed the test were still decided to be accepted into the detachment. In the face of their older comrades, the girls took a partisan oath of loyalty to the Motherland and hatred for the enemy.

At the beginning of the task, the young partisans were entrusted with tasks that were not technically difficult, but dangerous for older people because of the suspicion of the Germans and local collaborators towards all adults who went from village to village and too often found themselves near German military and administrative facilities.

Once in June 1943, Lara and Raya were sent to the village of Orekhovo, allegedly to their aunt for cabbage seedlings. Cattle were driven into this village, which the German authorities took away from the population. The German sentry was not suspicious of two barefoot girls with baskets, whose real purpose was to collect information about the number of guards stationed in Orekhovo, the location of firing points and the time when sentries change, so he allowed them to pass through the controlled territory. The scouts left safely, and a few days later partisans raided Orekhovo, and with almost no loss they were able to recapture the requisitioned cattle from the Germans.

The next time, Lara was sent on a reconnaissance mission to the village of Chernetsovo, where a German military facility was located. Posing as a refugee, the girl got a job as a nanny to a local resident Anton Kravtsov, who had a small son. Lara took care of the child very tenderly, was kind and affectionate to the owners. And in the meantime, while walking with the baby, she collected the necessary information about the German garrison.

In addition to intelligence, Lara and her friends had to do another thing - the distribution of campaign leaflets. Often these actions were held in villages on church holidays, when a lot of people gathered in churches. Dressed as beggars, the girls molested local people, as if asking for alms, but in fact at that time they quietly slipped leaflets folded several times into their pockets and bags. Once a German patrol detained Lara for this activity. However, on that occasion, she managed to escape before the Germans knew of her true purpose.

1.3. Participant of the "rail war"

Since August 1943, the partisan detachment, in which Lara was a member, took an active part in the "rail war". The partisans began to regularly blow up railway lines, bridges and derail German trains.

Lara, who by this time had already shown herself excellently in intelligence and had a good “sense” of the terrain, was transferred to the 21st brigade of Akhremenkov, whose purpose was precisely to conduct sabotage activities on the railway.

Lara also took part in blowing up one of the trains, volunteering to be an assistant to one of the demolition men who was instructed to blow up the railway bridge across the Drissa River on the Polotsk-Nevel line. Already an experienced scout, Larisa this time completed the task assigned to her to collect information about the regime of protection of the bridge and the possibility of mining it. Thanks to Lara's participation, it was possible to disable not only the bridge, but also the enemy echelon passing through it: the girl managed to convince the miner that at the right time she would be able to get as close as possible to the bridge unnoticed by the sentry and light the igniter cord in front of the approaching train. Risking her life, she managed to fulfill her plan and safely move back. Subsequently, after the war, for this feat Larisa Mikheenko will be awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree (posthumously).

1.4. Death

In early November 1943, Larisa and two more partisans went on reconnaissance to the village of Ignatovo and stopped at the house of a trusted person. While the partisans communicated with the mistress of the house, Larisa remained outside for observation. Enemies suddenly appeared (as it turns out later, one of the local residents turned out to be a partisan turnout). Larisa managed to warn the men inside, but was captured. In the ensuing unequal battle, both partisans were killed. Larisa was brought to the hut for interrogation. Lara had a hand-held fragmentation grenade in her coat, which she decided to use. However, the grenade thrown by the girl at the patrol did not explode for some unknown reason.

On November 4, 1943, Larisa Dorofeevna Mikheenko, after interrogation, accompanied by torture and humiliation, was shot.

2. Awards

• Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (posthumously)
• Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War", 1st class

3. Memory

• In St. Petersburg School No. 106, on the door of one of the classrooms, there is a commemorative plaque with the inscription: “The heroic partisan Larisa Mikheenko studied here.” The best students sit at a special "Larina Desk" in this office. The name of Larisa Mikheenko was also carried by the pioneer team of this school.
• In secondary school No. 5 of the city of Khotkovo, Moscow Region, whose pioneer team also bore the name of Larisa, since 1961 the Folk Museum named after I.I. Lara Mikheenko. In the school yard.
• In honor of Lara Mikheenko, streets were named in several settlements in Russia, including Khotkovo, the villages of Rakhya, Bezhanitsy, Ushkovo, and others.
• One of the sea passenger ships of the USSR was named after Larisa Mikheenko.

4. In cinema

• The real biography of Larisa Mikheenko formed the basis of the feature film “In that distant summer”, dir. N. I. Lebedev Lenfilm, 1974.

Notes

1. Information from the Great Victory website - pobeda.mosreg.ru/sch_museums/68.html
2. a monument was erected - www.zagorsk.ru/tmp/news/20100810-LarisaMiheenkoMemorial.jpg to a young partisan
3. Education in Khotkovo - www.nivasposad.ru/school/homepages/all_arhiv/konkurs2006/mosyakina_nadejda_yu/html/obrazovanie.htm
4. Postcodes: Rahya. - gde24.ru/postcode/card/BgA0NzAwNTAwMDEwOAA-B/
5. Postcodes: Bezhanitsy. - gde24.ru/postcode/card/BgA2MDAwMjAwMDAwMQA-B/
6. indexes: Ushkovo - gde24.ru/postcode/card/BgA3ODAwMDAwMDAzOAA-B/Postal
7. Information from the Kino-teatr.ru website. - www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/movie/sov/777/annot/

Literature

• Nikolsky, B. N.; Golubeva, A. G.; Raevsky, B. M. and others. Sasha Borodulin. Galya Komleva. Nina Kukoverova. Lara Mikheenko Series: Pioneer Heroes M.: Malysh, 1973. 30 p. Circulation 100,000 copies.
• Nadezhdina N. A. Partisan Lara. Tale. Drawings by O. Korovin. M. Children's literature 1988. 142 p.