The verbs to have and have got. The verb to have (to have, to possess) in English The verbs have got and has got

In various textbooks, you can read that in order to indicate that something belongs to someone or something, you need to use the verb “ to have” or construction “” (“ has got”) So what's the difference? Why is the design needed? ” if you can just use the verb “ to have”?

English language experts are constantly discussing this issue, but everyone agrees on one thing - this “unnecessary replacement” of the verb “ to have” is absolutely idiomatic. How often do people use “ " instead of " have”depends on where they come from. In America, they prefer to use just “ have", and in England they say more" .” In England they ask you " Have you got any relatives in England?” whereas in America you will be asked the same question in a different way: “ Do you have any relatives in America?”

Meanings of “have got”

But if in England ” is just a substitute for “ have”, in America this phrase is used for a slightly different purpose. First of all, if the speaker uses exactly “ ”, he wants to add emphasis to what has been said, emphasize what is said, for example, in the sentence “ I have got a golden watch”The speaker emphasizes precisely the gold watch that belongs to him, and in the sentence“ I haven't got any problems” The speaker wants to note that everything is fine with him. But, this rule only applies to the present, and if you want to talk about the past, just use the right intonation to strengthen the sentence.

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“” has another meaning, namely to indicate a necessity or obligation (and in this case, this expression is synonymous). If you use " have got (to)"to that end, it will be stronger than saying" must". Therefore, if you have a task in front of you or you have to do something, you need to say “ I have got to complete this work within an hour,” and it will sound stronger than if you said “ I must complete this work within an hour”, i.e. “ ” expresses more commitment than “ must". If we are talking with friends, we can even omit the word “ have,” and leave only “ got", for example, " I got to go now.” Probably, you have heard a completely distorted form more than once “ I gotta go now.” However, this phrase is only for oral speech, you should not use it to express your thoughts on paper. To do this, when expressing the need and obligation, it is better to use “ must" and " have to”.

Verb to have- one of the most common in English. It can act as an auxiliary, semantic or modal. Also, with its help, many constructions and stable expressions are formed.

Education and use

In the simple present tense, that is, in Present Simple (or Indefinite), there are two forms of the verb: has, have. Use has limited to the third person singular. In other cases, the word remains unchanged. In Past Simple, the verb takes the form had.

A table will help to understand the education scheme in more detail.

To have as a semantic verb

The meaning of this word is "to have, to possess". It is most often translated into Russian by turns "I have", "he has", etc.

1. An affirmative sentence. The word order in an affirmative sentence is standard: subject, predicate, and then definitions, objects or circumstances.

• He has a highly readable book. - He has an exciting book.
• She has a large library. - She has a big library.
• He had a beautiful picture - still life. - He had a beautiful picture - a still life.
• She has a cozy house with fireplace. - She has a cozy house with a fireplace.

2. Interrogative. The question can be formed as with the help of an auxiliary verb to do in the past tense, and without it. In cases where the sentence is constructed without a semantic verb is put in front. If there is an auxiliary verb, the question begins with it.

• Has she a yarn for knitting? Does she have yarn for knitting?
• Had she a mauve dress? Did she have a mauve dress?
• Did he have an easel and oil colors? - Did he have oil paints and an easel?

Variant with verb to do more usable.

3. Negation is formed using the particle not, and in the presence of uncountable nouns or the plural, the pronoun any also appears.

• I haven "t a scetchbook (any scetchbooks). - I don't have a sketchbook(s) for sketching.
• We hadn "t any desire to go there. - We did not have a single desire to go there.

Also, negation can be formed using to do in combination with the particle not. That is do not(for pronouns I, you, we, they) and does not for the third person (he, she, it). In an abbreviated version, the verb with a particle takes on the following form: don't and doesn't have in the present tense and didn't in the past.

• I don "t have any questions. - I have no questions.

Another way to form a negative sentence is with no.

• She has no sketchbook. She doesn't have a sketchbook.
• He has no desire to swim. - He has no desire to swim.

Features of the use of "have got"

This is a colloquial version, an analogue of the word to have as a semantic verb. That is, the concepts of "have" and "possess" can be conveyed through the construction have got or has got. This is the same as has, have. The use of this turnover has some features:

• have got: the use of this form is only in the present tense.
• This turnover is used only when it comes to a one-time action. For multiple, regular and recurring events, the main verb without "got" is used.
  
• The negative and interrogative forms are also different.
• As for the phrase has got, its use is similar to has: in combination with the pronouns he, she, it.

Comparative characteristics are presented in the table.

She hasn "t got any skeetchbooks. - She has no sketchbooks.

To have as an auxiliary verb

It acts as an auxiliary verb in all tenses of the Perfect and Perfect Continuous groups.

Perfect tenses indicate the result, not the fact of the action.

• She has opened the window. - She opened the window.
• He has not closed the window. - He didn't close the window.
• Have they opened the window? - Did they open the window?

Perfect Continuous times imply a process that lasted until a certain point or over a specified period of time.

The affirmative sentence in the present tense implies the use of have been + doing (smth).

• She has been waiting for them for an hour. She has been waiting for them for an hour.
• He has been playing the piano since 6 o "clock. - He has been playing the piano since six o'clock.
• How long has she been teaching English? How long has she been teaching English?

Have to as a modal verb

This modal verb is very common in English. Use have to has some features.

Constructions are formed as follows: modal verb + infinitive + particle to.

Unlike the verb must, which conveys an obligation due to an internal impulse to action, a construction with have to expresses a necessity due to some external circumstances. It is usually translated into Russian with the following words: must, had to, forced, etc.

• She has to work a lot. - She has to work hard.
• He had to get up at 5 o "clock. - He had to get up at 5.
• She will have to study four languages. - She will have to master 4 languages.

Also, this modal verb is widely used in Russian translated "should be."

• The book has to be sent by post today. - The book should be mailed today.
• The landscape has to be painted tomorrow. The landscape needs to be painted tomorrow.

Interrogative and negative forms are formed with to do.

• Do you have to do homework? - Do you have to do your homework?
• We don "t have to write this book. - We don't have to write this book.

When negated between modal verbs must and have to there is a significant difference:

1. "Do not have to" implies that it is not desirable to do this, it is not necessary.
2. "Mustn"t" conveys a categorical prohibition.

• You don "t have to read this letter. - You don't have to read this letter.
• You mustn "t read this letter. - You are forbidden to read this letter.

Constructions with the verb to have

There are many constructions in which the verb can lose its original meaning. Such revolutions are translated by a single concept.

1. Design to have in combination with the noun and This turnover implies that the action is not performed by the person in question, but by someone else for him or instead of him.

• She has her hair done at that hairdresser "s. - She does (she does) her hair at that hairdresser's.
• He "ll has his portrait painted in the near future. - His portrait will be painted in the near future.
• He had his grand piano attuned the day before yesterday. The piano was tuned for him the day before yesterday.

The interrogative and negative forms of this phrase are formed with the help of the auxiliary verb to do.

• Do you have your violin attuned? - Has your violin been tuned?
• I don "t have my musical instrument attuned. - My musical instrument has not been tuned.

2. The construction of a verb in combination with a noun and an infinitive. With this construction, you can convey the intention to do something.

• She has something to do. - She wants to do something.
• He had an interesting story to tell you. He wanted to tell you an interesting story.

Question and negation are built without the auxiliary verb to do.

• Has she anything to tell us? Does she want to tell us something?
• He has not (hasn "t) anything to tell. - He has nothing to tell.

Set expressions with a verb

Set expressions are phrases that are perceived as a whole. Such constructions are not translated literally, but convey a single meaning. The following are a few topics in which there are many stable phrases with the verb has, have. The use of these turns is a common phenomenon in the English language.

Food and drink

Communication and relationships between people

daily activities

Relaxation and entertainment

Use of the verb have very versatile. This is one of the few verbs that can act as full-valued (that is, semantic), auxiliary or modal. In addition, in combination with some nouns, it forms stable expressions. To master this topic well, it is important to practice using verbs. has, have. The use of these words is simple and clear, but should be brought to automatism so that when speaking in English you do not have to think.

In this lesson, the topic will be discussed in detail: The turnover have (has) got and the verb to have in English.

Theoretical part.

Consider the use of have (has) got.

In colloquial speech, have (has) got in the present tense is used to express the meaning of having, possessing. It is translated into Russian as follows: I (him, her, etc.) have.

Example:
I have got an interesting computer game - I have an interesting computer game.
She has got three daughters - She has three daughters.

As a rule, abbreviated forms are used: I've got, he's got, etc.

To form an interrogative sentence, you must put the verb have/has before the subject.

Example:
Have they got a new book? Do they have a new book?
Has she got a laptop? Does she have a laptop?

In order to form a negative sentence using the have/has got turnover, you need to use the negative particle not, which is placed after the verb have/has.

Example:
I have not got a new book - I don't have a new book.
He has not got a handkerchief - He does not have a handkerchief.

As a rule, abbreviated forms are used: I haven't, we haven't, he hasn't etc.

Now consider the verb to have. It expresses the meaning to have, to possess, to own.

Example:
We usually have a lot of homework - We usually have a lot of homework.

If you are talking about the constant presence of some state, phenomenon or object, then negative and interrogative sentences with the verb to have must be built using the auxiliary verb to do.

Example:
Do they have much time for their hobby? Do they have a lot of time for their hobbies? (usually, as a rule).
Yes, they have a lot of time for it - Yes, they have enough time for this.
No, they don't have much time for it - No, they don't have enough time for this.

But if you are talking about a single case of the presence of something, then negative and interrogative sentences must be built without the auxiliary verb to do. And you should use the turnover have / has got and by setting the verb have / has in the appropriate place in the sentence, form a question (you can also just use the verb to have, and not the turnover have / has got).

Example:
Have you got your copy-book with you today? Do you have your notebook with you today?
I haven’t got my pen with me today = I haven’t my pen with me today (this option is much less common). Today I don't have a pen with me.

There are a number of nouns, in combination with which the verb to have takes on a different meaning, among them dinner, supper, classes, lesson etc.

For example: to have dinner - have lunch, to have supper - have dinner, to have classes - do.

In order to form an interrogative or negative sentence in the present tense using such combinations, it is necessary to use the auxiliary verb to do.

Example:
I don't have supper every day - I don't have dinner every day.

The verb to have has a past form - had, which shows the past tense in all combinations and turns with the verb to have.

Example:
I had classes yesterday - I was engaged yesterday.

In order to build a negative or interrogative sentence in the past tense, you must use the auxiliary verb to do also in the past tense - did.

Example:
I didn't have supper yesterday - I didn't have dinner yesterday.

This is where the theoretical part ends, as you can see there are many nuances in it, so study it carefully. Let's start the practical part, based on the lyrics of your favorite songs.

Practical part

1) Consider the lyrics of the Swedish pop-rock band Roxette - A Thing About You (A thing that reminds you of you).

…I've got a thing about you
And I don't really know what to do
'Cause I've got a thing about you
Hey you…
Translation:
...I have a thing that reminds me of you
And I really don't know what to do now
Because I have a thing that reminds me of you
About you…

In the first and third lines, you see the use of have got : I've got a thing about you - I have a thing that reminds me of you.

2) Let's study the words of the song of the popular American singer Donna Summer - Bad Girls (Bad Girls).

…Hey, mister, have you got a dime?
Mister, do you want to spend some time? Oh yeah
I got what you want, you got what I need
I'll be your baby, come and spend it on me…
Translation:
…Hey mister do you have a dime?
Mister, do you want to have a good time? Oh yeah
I have what you want, you have what I need
I'll be your baby, come and spend on me...

In the first line you see the interrogative form of have(has) got : have you got a dime? - Do you have a dime?

3) Let's turn to the lyrics of the song by the American band From Autumn To Ashes - I'm the Best at Ruining My Life (I'm the best at ruining my life).

… I have so many things I would like to explain to you,
But I don't know just how to communicate.
I can't take this body shaking
Dress and we'll begin...
Translation:
…I have so many things (lit. things) what I would like to explain to you
But I don't even know how to start talking
I can't see the shiver
Get dressed and we'll begin...

In this example, in the first line you see the use of the verb to have . I have so many things - I have so many things (literally).

4) Consider the words of the song of the American band My Morning Jacket - Librarian (Librarian).

… You and I had dinner,
Spending time when you sleep.
And what can I say to you
Lying there in bed…
Translation:
…Me and you had lunch
Spending time while you sleep
And what can I tell you
Lying there in bed...

This example demonstrates the combination of the verb to have with the word dinner : to have dinner - have lunch. This example also shows the use of this combination in the past tense: You and I had dinner - You and I had lunch.

This concludes the practical part, and now you know how to use the verb to have and the turnover have / has got. Listen to your favorite songs and repeat the necessary rules. Combine business with pleasure.

From this lesson, you need to remember the following words:

daughter [‘dɔ: tə] - daughter
handkerchief [‘hæŋkətʃi:f] - handkerchief
laptop - laptop
supper [‘sʌpə] - dinner
dinner [‘dinə] - lunch
really [‘riəli] - really, really
dime - a coin of 10 cents (in America and Canada)
ruin [‘ru: in] - collapse (of hope, etc.)
autumn [‘ə: təm] - autumn
ash (ashes) [æʃ] - remains
to communicate - to speak
to dress - dress
to shake - shake
librarian - librarian
jacket - jacket

American: How many children do you have?
Englishwoman (with a sneer): Normally one child a year.

Verbs have and have got translated into Russian to have / have and can often be used interchangeably. Nevertheless, there are a number of situations where the substitution of "shade" or grammatical function is simply unacceptable, as, for example, in the dialogue between an American and an Englishwoman. Her sarcastic response is justified by the fact that the construction “ to have a baby” translates “ give a birth to a baby', while the norm would be to ask ' have you got', meaning ' to have something / to have someone”.

A similar situation of misunderstanding could arise when asking about the availability of something (in a store / cafe / etc.):

Phrase " We don't have beer” will mean that beer is not sold in this place at all, or “ We don't drink beer now. Don't you see?” If it were not available, you would hear in response:

We haven't got beer.- We're out of beer.

Stylistic and lexical aspects

Verb to have can have two main meanings and special cases of translation (stable expressions).

Possession/ I have a sister.- I have a sister.
Action / process (Action) - I have breakfast.- I eat breakfast.

From this perspective, the following should be understood:

* in meaning Posession Verbs to have and have got interchangeable, but to have cannot have the form of continuous time (Continuous):

I am having a sister.- incorrect
I have a sister./ She has got a car.- right

* In meaning action verb to have will be translated according to the logic of the phrase in which it is used. have got not used in this meaning. For example:

I have tea. - I'm drinking tea.
Mike has a shower. Mike is taking a shower.

Another difference in the use of these verbs is that in British English to have implies regularity of action, while have got focuses on the present moment have now”):

I have lessons every day. - I have lessons every day.
I have got a lesson. - I have a lesson now.

The boundary between values ​​is rather fragile. In American English, it is preferable to use to have.
If we are talking about the style of using one or another option, then in British English have got preferred in colloquial speech and writing, and to have in formal and bookish styles. In the American colloquial language, the part t o have generally can be skipped:

He (‘s) got a car.

Grammatical aspect

have got in meaning " to have / have” is used only in the present simple tense and has two forms - singular and plural:

We have got a family.
It has got teeth.

In fact have got is the perfect form (Present Perfect) of the verb to get(get), what determines its value in the construction under consideration. That is, someone got something and now owns it. It sounds rather tongue-tied, but clearly conveys the essence of the phrase:

get-got-have/has got

She has got a car.- She has a car = She got (bought/ stole/ won, etc.) a car and now owns it.

Since the verb have got is a perfect form, then, according to the rules of English grammar, it will build interrogative and negative sentences without the help of auxiliary constructions:

She has got a boyfriend.
Has she got a boyfriend?
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
She hasn't got a boyfriend.

With design to have the matter is a little more complicated. In British English, it used to be considered normal to form interrogative and negative sentences with to have without auxiliary verbs. Now this prerogative remains with the verb only in book styles.
In the American version, the auxiliary verb is always used when forming a question and a negative sentence:

We have a house.
Have you a house? - Yes, we have. / No we haven't (a house). brit.

Do you have a house? - Yes, we do. / No, we don't (have a house). Amer.

Verb to have functions at all times and has its own forms:

present- have/has
past- had(single form)
future- will have(single form)

We wish you interesting practice and success!

Victoria Tetkina

Since, according to the school curriculum, we have traditionally studied British English, it is still of paramount importance. On the other hand, the language of the Internet is more Americanized, so we should pay attention to this.

The verbs to have and have got behave differently in some circumstances, and the former is used more frequently in American English. To avoid confusion, let's look at the options from the point of view of the British.

verb to have

The verb to have means possession of something and is used mainly when it emphasizes the regularity of owning something, using something, or performing some procedure.

She usually has expensive cars. She usually has expensive cars.

I sometimes have coffee in a café. I sometimes drink coffee in a cafe.

I have a holiday in summer. I have holidays in the summer.

At present there are three forms of the verb to have - having, have and has, and the last of them is used only with the third person singular of nouns.

Having is the present participle or Participle I In addition, the verb to have is irregular and has the form had in the simple past tense. He has the same form of the past participle ( Participle II).

We are having dinner now. Now we are having lunch.

verb have got

There are only two forms of the verb have got - have got and has got, since it is not used in the past tense. Examples:

My nephew has got a turtle. My nephews have a turtle.

John has not got any siblings. John has no sisters or brothers.

Have you got a marker for a whiteboard. Do you have a whiteboard marker?

The verb have got is used in the sense when it refers to the possession of an object or some quality "here and now". If a brother remains a brother, then today or tomorrow you may not have a fountain pen. Here are some examples of questions and short answers:

Have you got a sister-in-law? Yes, I have. Do you have a half sister? Yes there is.

Have you got a sheet of paper? No, I haven "t. Do you have a sheet of paper? No.

You can use these sentences with the verb to have and with the auxiliary verb do.

Do you have a sister-in-law? Yes, I do.

Do you have a sheet of paper? no? I don't.

These sentences are translated in exactly the same way.

Also, the verb to have in English can have the role of an auxiliary, by analogy with modal verbs. Examples:

She has a cold. She has a cold.

Has she a cold? Does she have a cold?

She hasn't a cold. She doesn't have a cold.

On the other hand, it is in the role of a modal verb that he "brings confusion" to the ranks of English learners. Example:

Pat has to go back to Moscow. Pat has to return to Moscow.

According to the logic of modal verbs, the following interrogative sentence arises here:

Has Pat to go…

but in fact, only the following option is possible here:

Does Pat have to go back to Moscow?

Respectively:

Pat doesn't have to go back to Moscow.

The correct form of the verb to have depends on the tense it is in and the person in the present tense. Here are examples of all forms:

He has a dog. He had a dog. They are having breakfast.

To better remember the verb use of the verb have got and other forms of this one of the most popular verbs in English, it will be useful to fill out the table:

When working with a table, use all forms of words. remember, that have got is used only in the present tense.

First, take sentences from the text, and then use the power of search engines. Also learn to work with different types of dictionaries.