Memo "morphological analysis of parts of speech". Morphological analysis of all parts of speech Functional parts of speech

Morphological analysis often causes difficulties for schoolchildren, which are associated with the fact that some parts of speech (for example, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions) are studied insufficiently, and after studying them, tasks to determine various grammatical features are rare. This leads to the fact that students do not retain in memory all the morphological characteristics of these parts of speech, which is why appropriate analysis causes difficulties.

I propose to issue reference schemes - plans for the analysis of parts of speech, and such a plan can be drawn up by the students themselves, introducing complex (at their discretion) material into them. For example, for some, the difficulty is in the criteria by which nouns are divided into inflections; for others, the concept of verb inflection is difficult.

Through repeated reference to these blanks, not only stronger knowledge is acquired, but also the skill of performing this type of analysis is developed.

I recommend that my students create special folders with this kind of materials and store one copy (whole, uncut) there, and always carry another copy with them (for example, in a textbook) cut into cards. The teacher can model the analysis plan at his own discretion, adding or removing any supporting material. I propose a more complete version of such cards, which includes such parts of speech as the word of the state category and onomatopoeic words, which are not identified by all linguists as independent parts of speech.

I. Part of speech – noun, because answers the question “ WHAT?” (case question) and designation. ITEM.

N. f. – ... ( I.p., units h.)

II. Constant signs:

• proper or common noun,
• animate ( V.p. plural = R.p. plural) or inanimate ( V.p. plural = I.p. plural),
• gender (male, female, neuter, general (relating to both male and female genders at the same time: crybaby), outside the category of gender (noun that does not have a singular form: scissors)),
• declination ( 1st(m., f. –a, -i); 2nd(m, cf. – , -o, -e); 3rd(and. -); controversial(on –my, path);

adjective (like adjectives), inflexible ( do not change in cases and numbers ) ,

Variable signs: I. Who? What? IN. Whom? What?

• among ( units, plural), R. Whom? What? T. By whom? How?
• in ... case ( I, R, D, V, T, P). D. To whom? Why? P. About whom? About what?

III. Syntactic role (set semantic question and underline as part of the sentence).

I. Part of speech – adj., because. answers the question “ WHICH?” and denotes SIGN OF AN OBJECT.

N.f. – ... ( I.p., units h., m.r..)

II. Constant signs:

Qualitative (maybe to a greater or lesser extent) / relative (cannot be to a greater or lesser extent) / possessive (denotes belonging to someone).

Variable signs:

• in degree of comparison (for qualitative ones);
• in full ( Which?) or short ( what?) form,
• in ... case (for full forms),
• in...number (units, plural),
• in ... kind (for the only one numbers).

I. Part of speech – ch., because. answers the question “ WHAT TO DO?” and denotes ITEM ACTION.

N.F. – ... ( infinitive: what's up t? what did you do t?)

II. Constant signs:

• kind (perfect (that With do?) or imperfect (what to do?)),
• conjugation ( I(eat, eat, eat, eat, ut/ut), II(ish, it, im, it, at/yat), heteroconjugate(want, run)),
• returnable (there is -sya, -s.) / non-returnable (there is no -sya, -s),
• transitive (used with a noun in V. p. without pretext)/ intransitive ( Not used with a noun in V. p. without pretext).

Variable signs:

• in... inclination ( indicative: what did you do? what is he doing? what will he do? , imperative: what are you doing?, conditional: what did you do would? What did you do would?),
• in ... tense (for the indicative mood: past (what did he do?), present (what is he doing?), future (what will he do? what will he do?)),
• in... number (singular, plural),
• in ... person (for present, future tense: 1l.(me, we), 2 l.(you you), 3 l.(he, they)); in ... kind (for past tense units).

Verbs in the indefinite form (infinitive) do not have unstable features, since the INFINITIVE is an unchangeable form of the word.

III. Syntactic role (ask a question and emphasize as a member of a sentence).

I. Part of speech – numbers, because it answers the question “ HOW MANY?" (or " WHICH?") and means QUANTITY items (or ORDER items WHEN COUNTING).

N.F. – ... (I.p. or I.p., singular, m.r.).

II. Constant signs:

• rank by structure (simple/complex/composite),
• rank by value ( quantitative+ subcategory (actual quantity/fractional/collective)/ ordinal),
• Declension features:

– 1,2,3,4, collective and ordinal number skl-sya, how adj.
– 5–20, 30 skl-sya, as a noun. 3 cl.
– 40, 90, 100, one and a half, one and a half hundred when declension have 2 forms.
– thousand skl., as noun. 1 cl.
– million, billion skl., as noun. 2 cl.
– complex and compound quantitative skl-xia change every part words.
– complex and compound ordinal numerals cl-xia with change only last words.

Variable signs:

• case,
• number (if any),
• gender (in units, if any).

III. Syntactic role (together with the noun to which it refers) indicating the main word.

5. Morphological analysis of PRONOUNS.

I. Part of speech – local, because answers the question “WHO? WHAT?" (WHAT? WHOSE? HOW MANY? WHICH?) and does not denote, but points to an SUBJECT (CHARACTERISTIC or QUANTITY).

N.F. – ...(I.p. (if any) or I.p., singular, m.r.)

II. Constant signs:

• category in relation to other parts of speech ( places -noun, place -adj., place. -number.)
• rank by value with proof:
  – personal, because decree. on the face;
  – returnable, because indicating the return of the action to oneself;
  – possessive, because decree. for belonging;
  – interrogative, because decree. to the question;
  – relative, because decree. on the relations of simple sentences. as part of a complex;
  – uncertain, because decree. for unspecified items, acknowledgment, quantity,
  – negative, because decree for the absence of an item, acknowledgment, quantity;
  – definitive, because decree. to a generalized attribute of an object.
• face (for personal).

Variable signs:

• case,
• number (if any),
• gender (if any).

III. Syntactic role (ask a question from the main word and emphasize it as a part of the sentence).

I. Part of speech – adverb, because answer to question "HOW?"(WHEN? WHERE? WHY? etc.) and means SIGN OF SIGN.

N.f. – indicate only if the adverb is in the degree of comparison.

II. Constant signs:

• Unchangeable part of speech.
• Rank by value: modus operandi(how?) - measures and degrees(how much? to what extent?)
  places(where? where? from where?) – time(when? how long?)
  causes(Why?) - goals(Why? What for?)

(Indicate, if the adverb is of pronominal type, its type: attributive, personal, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative.)

Variable signs: in... the form of... degree of comparison (if any).

III. Syntactic role.

7. Morphological analysis of the WORD CATEGORIES OF STATUS.

I. Part of speech – SKS, because stands for STATE man, nature , ACTION EVALUATION and answers two questions at once: "HOW?" And “WHAT IS IT?”

Other points like an adverb, except for categories by value, which SCS does not distinguish.

I. Part of speech – parable, because resp. to the question "WHICH?" And “DOING WHAT? WHO DID WHAT?” and designation SIGN OF AN OBJECT BY ACTION.

N.f. – ... (I., unit, m.).

II. Constant signs:

• real (-ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash-; -vsh-, -sh-) or passive (-em-, -om-, -im-; -enn-, -nn-, - T-).
• view (SV – what With who did? NSV - what did he do?).
• repayment (refundable – yes, irrevocable – no-sya).
• tense (present: -ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash-, -eat-, -om-, -im-; past: -vsh-, -sh-, -enn-, -nn-, -T-).

Variable signs:

• full or short form (passives only).
• case (only for participles in full form).
• number (units, plural).
• gender (only for proverbs in singular).

III. Syntactic role (usually a definition or a predicate).

I. Part of speech – gerund, because the answer to the question. "HOW?" and “DOING WHAT? WHAT DID I DO?” and designate additional action.

II. Constant signs:

• Unchangeable part of speech.
• View (SV – what With doing?/NSV – doing what?).
• Refundability (return – yes, non-refundable – no-sya).

III. Syntactic role (more often a circumstance).

I. Part of speech is a preposition, because. serves to connect the main word ... with the dependent ...

II. Signs:

• Simple (one word: from, to) / compound (of several words: during, in connection with).
• Derivative (moved from another part of speech: around) / non-derivative ( from, to, about…).
• Unchangeable part of speech.

11. Morphological analysis of the UNION.

I, Part of speech – conjunction, because serves to connect homogeneous members of a sentence or simple parts in a complex sentence.

II. Signs:

• Simple (one word: and, ah, but...) / compound (of several words: because…).
• Coordinating (they connect the OCP or PP as part of the BSC: and, too, or, however...) + group by value (connectors: And; adversative: But; separating: or). Subordinating (connecting the PP as part of the IPP: because, since, so that, as if...) + group by value ( explanatory: What, temporary: When, conditional: If, causal: because, targeted: to, investigative: So; concessionary: despite the fact that, although; comparative: as if)
• Unchangeable part of speech.

I. Part of speech – particle, because . gives additional shades(which ones: interrogative, exclamatory, demonstrative, intensifying, negative ) words or sentences or serves to form word forms(which ones exactly: moods, degrees of comparison ).

II. Signs:

• Discharge by value: (formative: more, let, would.../semantic: really, that's it...).
• Unchangeable part of speech.

III. Not a member of the sentence, but may be part of it.

13/14. Morphological analysis of INTERMETION/ONODIMITATIVE WORD.

I. Part of speech – intl. or sound/p.word, because expresses different feelings or encouragement to action/transmit sounds of living or inanimate nature.

II. Signs: unchangeable part of speech; derivative/non-derivative.

III. Not a member of the proposal.

No. 3. Analysis of a word as a part of speech (morphological)
Noun
The part of speech that denotes the subject answers the question who? or what?
Part of speech.
Morphological characteristics.
Initial form (Name, unit)
Constant signs (that which does not change) are determined by the beginning. form:
proper or common noun.
Proper - names of cities, rivers, villages, mountains, names of people, names of animals, names of newspapers, books, cafes,...Common nouns - other nouns.
animate or inanimate.
The animate answer the question who? and denote living beings.
Inanimate people answer the question what?
genus.
Nouns come in three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter).
m.r. - (he, my) - house, forest.
and. R. – (she, mine) – spring, Anya.
Wed R. – (it, mine) – window, sun.
declination.
Nouns come in three declensions: 1, 2, 3.
1 cl. – we include the nouns m. and zh in the first declension. kind with endings -а, -я.
Example: mountain, uncle.
2 cl. – we include nouns m.r. in the second declension. with a zero ending or ending in -th and cf. R. with endings -о, -е.
Example: guest, field, tea.
3 cl. – we include nouns f in the third declension. R. with ь sign at the end.
Example: daughter, mouse.
Non-permanent features (we determine by the word itself, and not by its initial form).
number (singular or plural)
Singular number (denotes one item).
Plural (denotes two or more things).
Example: sea - seas
case
Nominative case – who? What?
Genitive case – (no) whom? what?
Dative case – (give) to whom? what?
Accusative case - (see) whom? what?
Instrumental case – (satisfied) with whom? how?
Prepositional case – (thinking) about whom? about what?
Syntactic role.
In a sentence it happens:
subject (in Im. p.);
addition (in oblique cases);
circumstance (where? where? how? where? when? etc.);
less often predicated (Children are the flowers of life. The sun, air and water are our best friends). Nouns can mean:
a specific object (window, door, apple);
living beings (human, bird, animal);
natural phenomena (snow, rain, wind, slush);
events (war, revolution);
phenomena of life (matinee, holiday);
process, actions (shooting, growth);
abstract concepts (human condition, feelings, for example, kindness, friendship).

Attached files

Noun

I. Part of speech. General grammatical meaning.

2. Constant features: a) proper or common noun, b) animate or inanimate, c) gender, d) declension.

Non-constant signs: a) case, b) number.

Don is a noun, denotes an object, answers the question what? Initial form - Don; own, inanimate; male; 2nd class. used in the form of im.p., singular (has no plural) in the sentence serves as the subject.

Adjective

II. Morphological features: 1. Initial form (nominative singular).

2. Constant signs: a) qualitative, relative or possessive.

Variable characteristics: 1) for qualitative ones: a) degree of comparison, b) short or long form; 2) for all adjectives: a) case, b) number, c) gender (in singular).

III. Syntactic role in a sentence.

Big is an adjective.

I. (What?) bread. N.f. - big.

II. Post.p.: quality; non-continuous p.: full, v.p., plural

III. The breads are (what kind?) large.

Numeral

I. Part of speech. General meaning.

II. Morphological features: 1. Initial form (nominative case). 2. Constant signs: simple or composite, quantitative or ordinal, category (for quantitative).

Non-constant features: case, number (if any), gender (if any).

III. Syntactic role.

Ten is the number.

I. Hectares (how many?) ten. N. f. - ten.

II. Post.p: simple, quantitative, integer. Non-post.p: in wine. pad.

III. It occupies (what?) ten hectares.

Pronoun

I. Part of speech. General meaning.

II. Morphological characteristics: 1. Initial form.

2. Constant signs: rank by value; face (for personal).

Non-permanent signs: death; gender (if any); number (if any).

III. Syntactic function.

My (optimism) is places.

1. (Whose?) mine. N. f. - my.

2. Post.: possessive. Unposted: in i. p., units h., m.r.

3. Optimism (whose?) is mine.

There's room for me.

1. (To whom?) to me. N. f. - I.

2. Post: personal. Non-constant: in d.p., units. h.

3. It would be desirable (to whom?) for me.

There's a place for everyone.

1. (Which?) everyone. N. f. - every.

2. Post.: definitive. Non-constant: in d.p., units. h., m.r.

3. Instill (to whom?) everyone.

Verb

I. Part of speech. General meaning.

II. Morphological characteristics: 1. Initial form (indefinite form).

2. Permanent characteristics: appearance; repayment; transitivity/intransitivity; conjugation.

Variable signs: inclination; time (if any); face (if any); number; gender (if any).

III. Syntactic role.

Belongs - verb.

I. (What does it do?) belongs. N. f. - belong.

II. Post.p.: nesov. type, non-trans., II reference. Non-post.p.: in will express. incl., in units h., in 3rd l.

III. The future (what does?) belongs.

Adverb

I. Part of speech. General meaning.

II. Morphological features: 1. Unchangeable word. 2. Degree of comparison (if any).

III. Syntactic role.

Impetuously - adverb;

I. Blowed (how?) impulsively.

III. (How?) impulsively.

Morphological analysis of special verb forms. Participle

II. Morphological features: 1. Initial form (nominative singular masculine).

2. Constant signs: voice (active or passive), reflexivity, tense, aspect.

3. Non-constant features: full or short form, case (if any), number, gender (if any).

III. Syntactic role.

Pasted over - participle.

I. The room (what kind?) is papered - participle, special form of the verb to paste over.

II. N.f. - pasted over. Post.p: suffer., past. vr., owls V. Non-post.p: in multiples. f., units h., w. R.

III. The room (what?) is papered.

Participle

I. Part of speech (special form of the verb). General meaning.

II. Morphological characteristics:

1. Initial form (infinitive form of the verb).

3. Immutability.

III. Syntactic role.

I. (Doing what?) trying - gerund.

II. N. f. - try. Post.p: nesov. c., unchangeable

III. I looked (for what purpose?) trying to notice remorse.

Morphological analysis of auxiliary parts of speech. Pretext

I. Part of speech. General meaning.

II. Morphological character: immutability.

III. Syntactic role.

Po is a preposition.

I. Tossed |around| sky (d.p.).

II. Morph.p.: unchangeable

Union

I. Part of speech.

II. Morphological characteristics:

Constants: coordinating or subordinating; simple or compound; unchangeable word.

III. Syntactic function.

I. ═══ and ═══ .

II. Morph. p.: op., simple., unchangeable.

III. Not a member of the proposal.

Particle

I. Part of speech. General meaning.

II. Morphological characteristics: 1) discharge; 2) an unchangeable word.

III. Syntactic role.

Would be a particle.

I. Forms conditions. incl.

II. Morph.p.: shape, unchangeable.

III. Not a member of the proposal.

Interjection

I. Part of speech. II. Morphological characteristics: 1) type by education; 2) meaning; 3) an unchangeable word. III. Syntactic role.

I. Hey - interjection.

II. Morph.p.: unpronounced, expresses motivation, unchangeable.

III. Not a member of the proposal.

When preparing for the Unified State Exam or Russian language exam, schoolchildren and students should pay special attention to how to form words. According to statistics, this task raises the largest number of questions among students, because it is sometimes quite difficult to keep big things in your head. By bookmarking this article, you will never again worry about not remembering how to morphologically parse a word.

Noun

• initial form (singular and nominal case);
• common noun or proper noun;
• animate or not;
• f./m./avg. genus;
• determine the number;
• indicate the declination;
• we call the case in which the word appears in the text;
• which member is in the sentence.

Adjective

• initial form (singular number, nominal case);
• qualitative, possessive or relative;
• full or short (for qualities);
• degree of comparison (for qualities);
• gender (for singular);
• number;
• case;
• function as part of a sentence.

Numeral

• initial form (for quantitative - im. case, for ordinal - singular number, m. gender);
• ordinal or quantitative;
• simple, complex or composite;
• gender and number (for ordinal and several cardinal);
• case;
• function.

Pronoun

• infinitive (singular number, nominative case, m. gender);
• category (personal, possessive, reflexive, relative, negative, interrogative, demonstrative, definite, indefinite);
• gender (if changes);
• number (if changing);
• case;
• role in the proposal.

Adverb

• category (adverbial or attributive);
• degree of comparison (if present).

So, we figured out what to do when it comes to the main parts of speech. In the case of the verb and its forms, things are a little more complicated.

Verb

• infinitive (initial form);
• non-refundable or returnable;
• intransitive or transitive;
• perfect or imperfect form;
• conjugation;
• mood (indicative, conditional, commanding);
• time (for iz. mood);
• face;
• gender (if any);
• then indicate the number;
• syntactic function.

So, you have learned how to make words, namely verbs, now you need to learn patterns for analyzing its forms - participles and gerunds.

Participle

• Initial form (nominal case, singular, gender);
• from what verb is it formed?
• active or passive;
• time;
• returnable or non-returnable (for valid);
• intransitive or transitive (for active);
• multiple or complete (for sufferers);
• determine the number;
• we write the case;
• the role of a word in a sentence.

Participle

• from what verb is it formed?
• perfect or imperfect form;
• non-refundable/refundable;
• intransitive/transitive;
• the function performed by a word in a sentence.

Functional parts of speech

Separately, as a rule, there is a question about how the morphological analysis of the word for the function (particle, conjunction or preposition) is done. In fact, everything here is completely elementary. Be sure to indicate:

• for the union: subordinating or coordinating, category, compound or simple;
• for a pretext: non-derivative or derivative, with which pronoun or noun and in what case is it associated, category;
• for a particle: functions and rank by value.

As you can see, there is nothing difficult about doing a morphological analysis of a word. Good luck in your studies!